Anna Schuliger

Ms. Freeman & Mr. Mikalaitis

Capstone
24 November 2014
Works Cited

Bleiker, Roland. "Art After 9/11." JSTOR. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/40645174?uid=3739952&uid=2129&uid=2&uid
=70&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21104607359781>.

This journal article explores the response of art (specifically visual art, literature,
architecture and music) to the tragedy of 9/11. More specifically, this article examines
how art can shed new light on contemporary security problems.

This journal article is useful and indispensable because it comes from a greater journal
titled, "Alternatives" which explore all different kinds topics through diverse lenses. The
authors of each particular article is a professor of international relations in Australia and
holds a PhD and so readers can be confident that his research is well-done and his
analysis is supported.

This article is useful because it delves into how art is used in response to a tragic event
while also considering how people respond to that art uniquely. The portion of the article
which explores and gives specific examples of how art is used to respond and cope with
9/11 is especially helpful in understanding how artists used art to heal people and
themselves from the debilitating effects of 9/11. How will this shape your project?


Bodden, Valerie. The Boston Marathon Bombing. Minneapolis: ABDO, 2014. Print.

"The Boston Marathon Bombing: Boston Strong" by Valerie Bodden takes readers
through the specifics behind the Boston Marathon Bombing a year and a half ago. The
book first addresses the parts of that day chronologically and then the last five chapters
are focused on details surrounding the Tsarnaev brothers, the public responses, the way
our government system dealt with it, ending the book with a chapter titled, "Boston
Strong".

Valerie Bodden is an established current writer and "The Boston Marathon Bombing:
Boston Strong" is a part of a greater series labeled "Essential Events". Thus, it can be
concluded that this source is legitimate and accurate. Also, Bodden is most well known
for her children's books which translates well to this book because Bodden writes with a
personal and engaging style which makes the book more accessible.

The last chapter titled, "Boston Strong" is the most useful chapter to explore how a
community of individual people united under this motto as a coping mechanism. It also
gives insight to how this unifying motto helped singular people gain strength in knowing
they are not alone and they will recover from this like their fellow Bostonian brothers and
sisters chanting the same motto. How will this influence your project?

"Boston Marathon Bombing." Boston.com. The New York Times, n.d. Web. 22 Nov.
2014.

<http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/specials/boston_marathon_bombing/
>.

This local news source from Boston.com contains links to all sorts of articles surrounding
topics which deal with the Boston Marathon Bombings. These topics include articles
about the Boston policeman involved, the families affected, the runners of the marathon,
and much more. Boston.com is a well-respected source of local news for the city of
Boston.

The articles are all written by journalist writers for the Boston Globe or other reputable
newspapers or journals. The many different writers give unique voices to each article and
allows for a useful amount of diversity around the topic.

The interviews with singular people both directly and indirectly affected by the
bombings help to reveal how these people dealt with the event and the particular ways it
affected them. One article that is particularly interesting is titled, "Wounded T Cop: 'Of
Course You Have Anger'" which explains how a singular person reacted to the event with
a deep anger and how that changed life as he knew it. This is a prime example of
somebody's natural and deeply affective response to a singular event.

4. Conkle, E. P. "To A Young Man on the Business of Writing a First Play." JSTOR.
Educational Theater Journal, n.d. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3203681?ref=no-xroute:5dd526a08c34d4c640fff5f77404352f>.

This source is written in letter form to a young student named John from a playwright and
drama professor named E.P. Conkle. The letter answers John's questions on the way one
approaches writing plays and outlines Conkle's suggested process from the creation of the
idea to the final product.

This letter is from a well-respected Theater Journal that focuses on educating people
about theater and so Conkle's letter must be legitimate and accurate enough to be
published under such associations. However, it is the opinion of one man and Conkle
himself addresses this by mentioning how writing a play is specific and different to every
writer. Thus, his words are not to be taken as the only approach to writing a playmerely
as an experienced man's opinion.

Conkle does a thorough job outlining the many possible and important techniques in
writing a play. He is especially helpful when describing the initial creative process. One
piece of advice which is useful is that before writing the play, the playwright-to-be
should write down all ideas in a journal over a two-week period about what the
playwright-to-be wants to make sure he/she will address in the play. Also, Conkle
recommends that before writing, the playwright-to-be should want to know exactly what
he/she wants the audience to take away from the performance because it will help focus
and make the work clearer and more effective. Conkle finishes the letter by encouraging
John to not be too hard on himself but to adhere to the motto, "When at first you don't
succeed, try try again!"

5. El-Ayouty, Yassin. Perspectives on 9/11. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004. Print.

El-Ayouty's book provides readers with exactly what the title reveals: varying and
diverse perspectives on the tragedy that took place on September 11, 2001. The book
begins with personal perspectives: one written by a bond trader who worked on the
twenty-sixth floor of the North Tower and the other by a firefighter who was a first
responder on that day. El-Ayouty then explores the economic, global, business, political,
and more widespread social perspectives and responses to 9/11 in a straightforward and
concise fashion.

El-Ayouty collected diverse accounts from people with all different perspectives on 9/11
and organizes them under various "umbrella" perspectives. This is very effective because
each perspective has its own unique voice which in turn helps to better identify and
understand each perspective. Such a technique also gives the reading a sense of rawhonesty about the event which may not have surfaced if the book was written by a single
author.

The first three chapters under the first section, "Catastrophe and Survival" can be used as
a way to understand how different people in opposite positions responded in their own
unique way to a unifying event. Especially because the perspectives are first-person
accounts, it will also be useful to key into what each person decided to focus on or
decided not to focus on while also paying attention to any extraordinary habits or actions
they found themselves doing in response to the event. For example, the bond trader used

an expletive in response to the first jet flying into the North Tower which he pointed out
was not normal behavior for him.

6. Geller, Catherine. "Interview With Catherine Geller." Personal interview. 11 Nov.

2014.

This interview was done in a coffee shop in New York City on the NYU Campus at 12
p.m. The interview lasted an hour and a half and was focused on Catherine Geller's work
as the founder and director of "Unmasked Theater Company" which writes and performs
plays that are focused on "unmasking" the realities of mental illnesses.

Catherine is a highly respected New York actor and director in New York City even
though she is still a student as NYU. Geller carries with her personal experience of using
theater to significantly affect people after creating a theater company as a Senior in High
School in New Jersey which focused on creating a safe space for children with special
needs to express themselves through theater. Geller also collaborates with professional
working actors, directors, choreographers, and writers to put on professional, non-profit
performances through her Unmasked Theater Company. All of these aspects make
Catherine Geller an indispensable resource to find out more about how one uses theater
to affect people and break stereotypes or unsupported assumptions.

This interview was incredibly useful in finding out how Geller approaches turning
people's' personal stories into theatrical monologues or other pieces. She also shed light
into how to use other aspects of performance such as music, dance, song, or spoken word

in order to deliver a specific message to the audience. Geller also made herself available
as a resource to continue to contact throughout the research process with any additional
questions and was overall very helpful and encouraging because her work proves that a
play can be used to impact audiences in order to ultimately break down harmful
assumptions and stereotypes.

7. Jamison, Leslie. "The Believer - The Empathy Exams by Leslie Jamison @believermag." The Believer. Graywolf, n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.believermag.com/issues/201402/?read=article_jamison>.

"The Believer" is an online magazine that publishes monthly magazines online and in
print. This publishing company is unique in that it is non-profit and does not consider
length when deciding on what to include in their publications. Also, their website states
that this publishing company tends to give writers the benefit of the doubt resulting in a
publication with very diverse material.

Because of the publisher's openness, this magazine has the potential of containing
material that is not the most well-respected. On the flip side, however, the opinions and
diverse writing styles that the magazine showcases offers readers with unique articles
about a wide-range of subjects. Thus, though this source may not be very grounded in
respect or tradition, it is effective in demonstrating many points of views on issues
written by relatively ordinary writers which give readers deeper and more well-rounded
perspectives on topics.

An article written in February titled, "The Empathy Exams" written by Leslie Jamison
examines the importance of empathy through a very specific lens. Jamison is a medical
actorthat is, she acts as if she is sick so that medical students can practice diagnosing
patients. Jamison then grades the medical students on how they did in diagnosing her.
One of the criteria that Jamison mentions measures the student's empathy and expression
of it. This is very interesting because the article is helpful in identifying why empathy is
important, how it is felt, and then how it is expressed which is useful when studying how
empathy can be generated through a performance and how this may manifest itself in an
audience.

8. Mclaws, Lafayette. "A Master of Playwrights." The North American Review

200.706 (1914): 459-67. JSTOR. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/25108258?ref=no-xroute:6eb0c99eca4ef8384f9c17e72a520539>.

This journal article focuses on a particular Harvard Professor named, George Pierce
Baker who was a play-writing teacher. However, he was not just any play-writing
teacherhe was a play-writing teacher whose students went on to write Broadway plays
and award-winning plays. This article examines his approach to teaching this subject and
tries to discover how and why it was so effective.

This article is a part of a larger publication titled, "The North American Review" and is
written by a reputable writer for that company. The specificity in the article demonstrates

that the writer researched the topic well and thus, the journal is given an air of
trustworthiness which carries throughout.

This source is invaluable because essentially by reading it, the reader gains access into a
Harvard classroom taught by a master on the subject of play-writing. Various techniques
and suggestions are highlighted such as Professor Baker's direct addressing of the need of
"Dramatic Instinct" which he likens to the need for a musical ear for a composer. Prof.
Baker also required his students to go out and see as many plays as possible, good and
bad, and learn from them by identifying what made them good and what made them bad.
Finally, the professor tells his students on the first day that in order to be a good
playwright, one needs to have a dramatic understanding of life in that a playwright needs
to be able to experience life and interpret it meaningfully onto the stage. All of these
examples just scratch the surface of Professor Baker's instructions he gave and exercises
he employed in order to develop a class of brilliant playwrights.

9. Morgan, Matthew J., Robert J. Sternberg, and Philip G. Zimbardo. The Impact of
9/11 on Psychology and Education: The Day That Changed Everything? New
York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Print.

Morgna, Sternberg, and Zimbardo's book is the fifth book in a series titled, "The Day
That Changed Everything?".This particular volume is focused on the psychological
changes as well as the closely related field of education after 9/11. The book primarily
addresses how 9/11 directly affected the sense of "invulnerability" and "American
exception" that existed in the country largely before 9/11. Then, the book goes on to

explore the specific psychological effects which occur after this sense of invulnerability
is shattered by such a terrorist attack. The book is divided into three sections. The first
focuses on trauma, fear, and mortality, the second on the changes to children and family
and the third section focuses on education.

Each section is written by experts (oftentimes pairs of experts) on that specific subject
matter. Therefore, this book is accurate and relatively unbiased because there are
multiple experts working on the same topic.

The first two sections will be useful to use in order to study the specific psychological
effects of 9/11 on a diverse group of people. Such expertise will also provide information
on why the psychological disorders stem from such an event and how these
psychological disorders can show themselves through a person's words or actions.

10. Nakonezny, Paul A. "Did Divorces Decline after the Oklahoma City Bombing?"
Journal of Marriage and Family 66.1 (2004): 90-100. JSTOR. Web. 20 Nov.
2014. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/3599868?ref=no-xroute:c19e2f13fba0d3d81cdb2aa65bf45de3>.

This study was performed after the Oklahoma City Bombings to examine whether or not
there was a relationship between the number of divorces in 77 counties surrounding
Oklahoma City and the City's bombings. The study on a broader scale hoped to show
how overwhelming events can impact small units and (such as families) and singular
people in ways that may not at first be apparent.

The study was performed by an array of reputable scientists and the article begins by
describing all the problems with attacking such data and also all of the various sources of
error. Such explanations prove the validity and quality of the data collected by being so
open about the many uncontrollable factors which could have influenced or affected their
data. Also, by providing this information first, allows readers to have a clearer
understanding of what the data is reporting while also allowing readers to approach the
data with a skeptically scientific eyei.e. the scientists are not trying to shove theories at
the readers, merely trying to enlighten them about certain relationships and correlations
between large events and individuals' lives.

This source is very helpful because it provides a very speci/fic and detailed kind of case
study as to how a significant event that directly affected hundreds of people in Oklahoma
City can have lasting repercussions which manifest themselves in specific and influential
ways. Such an observation leads to the question, in what other specific ways do these
repercussions manifest themselves in singular people?

11. Nelson, Amelia. "A Witness To The Bombing, A Nurse Returns To Boston As A
Runner." Interview by Martin. Literature Resource Center. NPR, 20 Apr. 2014.
Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA365479856&v=2.1&u=mlin_b
_blatshl&it=r&p=LitRC&sw=w&asid=0693786df2ffcc9e2a4bd3752ddc98b4>.

This transcript of an interview done last spring by NPR is a part of a series that follows
eight runner of the Boston Marathon a year after the Boston Marathon Bombings. In this
interview Martin, the interviewer asks a nurse named Amelia Nelson who was working at
the finish line at the Boston Marathon last year and was there when the bombs went off.
She describes her experience to Martin and how she has coped with the trauma of the
event over the past year.

This source is very useful because the transcript is word-for-word what this woman said
to describe her experience at the traumatic event and how she has coped with it. Also, the
interview comes from NPR which is a nationally reputable news source. Thus, the
interview is legitimate and trustworthy while it is also professional and informative.

Nelson expresses to Martin in the middle of the interview that she decided soon after last
year's marathon that she would run this year's. She explained that she and many other
nurses have found training for the marathon an effective coping mechanism and it has
allowed her to develop a new normal after her traumatic experience at the Boston
Marathon last year. Also, an interesting part of the interview that Nelson brings up is
about her feelings on Marathon Monday last year. She expresses that she felt as if she
was not doing enough and also mentioned that she noticed many other nurses and people
felt the same way on that day. This leads to an interesting discovery about how some
humans cope: some people cope by staying busy and devoting much of their time to
helping others.

12. Perschbacher, Virginia Brady. "Revelations from Ground Zero, Spiritual

Responses to 9.11; Will the Dust Praise You? Spiritual Responses to 9/11." The
Public Historian 27.1 (2005): 95-97. JSTOR. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/tph.2005.27.1.95?ref=no-xroute:ef73114180488815994f63a879e26859>.

This journal article highlights the important parts of a DVD and book made after 9/11
titled, "Revelations from Ground Zero" and "Will the Dust Praise You?" respectively.
This DVD and companion book address the relationship between spiritual faith and a
traumatic event using 9/11 a an example for the event. In the journal article, Virginia
Brady Perschbacher reviews both the DVD and the book, how they work together well
and how in some places there are inconsistencies.

This source originates from a journal article published in The University of California
Press and is part of a more comprehensive publication titled, "The Public Historian".
Thus, the information found in this journal article is well-reviewed and trustworthy.

This article presents an interesting perspective to how 9/11 specifically affected peoples'
personal faiths and in turn, how peoples personal faiths affected their response to 9/11.
The journal articles review the DVD and book which flesh out these ideas through
interviews, video footage, etc. However, the article itself provides enough information in
order to be able to draw significant conclusions. The article highlights how the episcopal
churches in lower Manhattan were major components of the response and relief to the
9/11 disaster. This provides further insight into how religion and faith may be considered

by some after 9/11 that would never have given church a second glance before 9/11. The
article also brings up an interesting point about how people usually get caught up and
focus on the emotional day of 9/11 but neglect to realize that though 9/11 was a very
difficult day, oftentimes the following days were excruciatingly harder because there was
a pressure to proceed to normalcy and "get over it" when in truth there was still so much
healing and so much more to be done.

13. Portraits 9/11/01: The Collected "Portraits of Grief" from The New York times.
New York: Times /Henry Holt, 2002. Print.

This is a compiled book of "Portraits of Grief"that is portraits of the victims of 9/11

written by friends and family. The book is organized alphabetically with a picture next to
each person's name and a couple paragraphs under that picture highlighting a special
aspect of that person which serve as beautiful memorials on how each person will forever
be remembered.

The book is indispensable because the words written about each victim are personal and
they humanize each victim while also demonstrating how many people loved that person
and were affected by their loss. "Portraits 9/11/01" brings faces to numbers and statistics
in an honorable and effective way and readers can trust what is written about each person
because it is written by a close relative to that person.

This source primarily focuses on each victim's lives and the legacies they leave behind
but digging under the surface of the words, one can find more information on how the

close relation writing the memorial piece about the victim was affected. An example of
this was when a wife writes about her husband who was a victim and she first describes
the empty space left on the sidelines of their daughter's soccer game. And then she
describes how their youngest son (3) did not understand why his dad did not return home
but some how he knew that his dad was a hero. These small anecdotes provide insight
into the small but significant ways that this family and the people in this family's lives
changed after the death of their father and husband.

14. "Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness + Find a Therapist." Psychology

Today: Health, Help, Happiness + Find a Therapist. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov.
2014. <http://www.psychologytoday.com/>.

Psychologytoday.com is a comprehensive website which provides a platform for all

different kinds of doctors and psychologists to write articles about the specific genre of
psychology on which he or she is expert. This allows for a website that covers all sorts of
topics that deal with a human's psychology.

This site, though commercial, is still very legitimate because of the diversity of opinions
and openness to all ideas. Also, this site contains multiple psychologists and doctors
commenting on the same topic which provides spaces for healthy discussions
incorporating different perspectives which finally increases the legitimacy of the data
collected on the subject in question because it is approached in a multi-sided way.

The part of the website dedicated to trauma and how patients exhibit the effects of the
trauma in their lives is very useful because the articles are written by psychologists who
deal with trauma and in most articles, the psychologist does a thorough job in identifying
the manifestations of trauma in a patient and then the best approach to treatment for said
patient. The different perspectives of each psychologist on how to identify and treat
patients is useful as well because it allows the reader to read multiple articles, find
patterns in what the psychologists are saying, find discrepancies and decide why such
discrepancies exist while also discovering the importance of the similarities found in the
articles. This information allows for a greater understanding of how single people
respond to trauma and how psychologists have adapted to treat these patients (who have
become more abundant in the past couple of decades).

15. Rodgers, Joseph Lee. "Did Fertility Go up after the Oklahoma City Bombing? An
Analysis of Births in Metropolitan Counties in Oklahoma, 1990-1999."
Demography 42.4 (2005): 675-92. JSTOR. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/4147334?ref=no-xroute:ab5d54c852f6153ac80fee9d3e02d5ac>.

This journal article describes a study that was performed to explore whether or not
fertility rates went up in counties surrounding Oklahoma City after the bombing. The
study first describes the "Baby Miniboom" theory that was first discovered after a power
outrage in the mid-1960s. Then it continues to describe how this could be related to the
Oklahoma City Bombing. It highlights the unique parts of this terrorist attack such as its
large amount of child casualties that may have also influenced the data collected around

this question of whether or not fertility rates increased after the event. The study focuses
primarily on two theories that potentially could explain why there was an increase in
fertility rates. The first is called the replacement/insurance theory in which parents feel
the innate need to repopulate and the second is called terror management theory in which
parents feel the need to create new life in order to cope with the loss of life as a result of
the bombing.

This study is well fleshed out and all of its claims are very well supported. The study is
also very comprehensive and easy to understand especially with its effective use of
graphs to display data.

This is an interesting lens to examine the personal effects of an event such as The
Oklahoma City Bombing. Fertility rates is not the first thing that most people think of
when they think about the effects of a traumatic event but as demonstrated by the study,
it is an aspect of peoples' personal lives that is greatly affected. This is also a very
interesting thought-study because this response to the traumatic event in turn effects the
community as a whole because an increase in population effects politics/legislation, and
social life as a whole.

16. Schein, Leon A., and Steven R. Lawyer. Psychological Effects of Catastrophic
Disasters: Group Approaches to Treatment. New York: Haworth, 2006. Print.

"Psychological Effects of Catastrophic Disasters" is a book which reexamines the effects

of traumatic events specifically initiated by terrorists. The book consists of twenty-one

chapters. The first ten deal with the psychological follow-ups of terrorist disasters, the
next ten examine different models and approaches used to deal with affected patients and
then a final chapter that addresses the future of the field of psychology for people
impacted by traumatic occurrences.

This book is incredibly useful to examine how doctors deal with patients who have been
deeply affected by a traumatic event. This specific lens allows for examination of the
patterns of behavior that the psychologists need to pick up on and treat as well as more
abnormal reactions to the event. The book does a very thorough job of demonstrating
how trauma can affect people at their core in a similar way but because each person is
unique, their response to this trauma is diverse and different for everybody. However, the
book addresses how it is the responsibility of the psychologist to connect the patient's
behavior to an inner, more universal response to the trauma and help to treat. To
legitimize the methods proposed by the book, it opens with the reviews of several
psychotherapists and psychologists alike who praise the book and highly recommend it to
any interested reader.

The chapter in this book that is titled, "Case Studies" is very useful because it describes
numerous real people who were affected by the trauma of 9/11. The case studies begin by
focusing on people directly affected, i.e. people working in the World Trade Center and
first responders, then it went on to describe how family members of victims were
affected, and then it described how teachers, doctors, and other professionals whose job it
was to deal with people who may have been directly affected by the event. Then, this
chapter closes by describing how 9/11 affected people who would not be so obviously

tied with the event such as homeless people, musicians, and those not living in NYC.
This portion of the book is indispensable because it demonstrates the very different ways
that these people dealt with the trauma. For example, some people don't talk about it.
Others still wait for their child who died to come home every day. While others still turn
to alcohol or other addictions to numb the pain and cope.

17. "STRONGER by Jeff Bauman, Bret Witter." Kirkus Reviews. N.p., n.d. Web. 23
Nov. 2014. <https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/jeff-bauman/strongerbauman/>.

This book review is of a book written by Boston Marathon Bombing survivor, Jeff
Bauman. The review is short and to the point and focuses on Bauman, not only his book.
The reviewer specifically highlights Bauman's thoughts that crossed his mind right
before the bomb went off and then also mentions how Bauman at first responded and is
working to recover.

This review is informative and concise which makes it a useful resource because it gives
a good sense of Bauman and his struggles and successes after the bombings that is
fleshed out in his book, "Stronger". Therefore, this review allows readers to get a good
sense of his book while also being able to gage how Bauman personally responded to the
event and how it has dramatically changed his life after having to get both of his legs
amputated.

This source describes how a person who was directly impacted by the Boston Marathon
Bombing has found a "new normal" in his life and how he has been able to cope and heal
from such a traumatic experience. The review begins by describing how Bauman looked
directly into the elder Tsarnaev brother's eyes minutes before the bomb went off and
immediately felt an ominously bad feeling. Then, the review describes how Bauman felt
anger and experienced depression after the event but has continued to try and remain
strong especially after becoming widely-known as the survivor who was able to identify
the elder Tsarnaev brother. The review ends interestingly with how Bauman has been
helped on his road to recovery by needed to be a strong beacon of "Boston Strong" which
gives a personal account of how this motto helped him through his difficulties.

18. Thoms, Annie, and Taresh Batra. With Their Eyes: September 11th, the View from
a High School at Ground Zero. New York: HarperTempest, 2002. Print.

"With Their Eyes" edited by Annie Thoms is a play that was inspired and written from
numerous interviews conducted within Stuyvesant High School regarding 9/11. The play
is performed by ten student actors all playing an assortment of characters and using some
of Anna Deveare Smith's technique in that the students do not necessarily share the same
race or gender as the character they play. Also, each character speaks in a monologue (for
the most part) and the play is primarily composed of these character vignettes.

This source is very important because it has taken interviews of single people on their
memories of 9/11 and with only a touch of editing, compiled them into a play. Though
the play focuses on the event rather than the particular responses (though this is a part of

it), "With Their Eyes" is still helpful because the way each character told their individual
story is very telling to how he or she personally responded to it and how 9/11 personally
affect he or she.

By reading each personal account and watching for what makes each account different
from the other while also trying to use their words to get inside their head, this source
will allow for deep analysis into how people articulate traumatic events and
simultaneously (mostly unconsciously) also articulate how it specifically affected them.
Also, the description of the project at the end of the play is very helpful in working to
visualize how Stuyvesant High School used theatrical techniques to make their play the
most effective.

Various. How to Write a Play Letters from Augier, Banville, Dennery, Dumas, Gondinet,
Labiche, Legouve, Pailleron, Sardou, Zola. Auckland: Floating, 1916. Print.

This book is a collection of letters to an unspecified man named "Dreyfus" from various
well-respected playwrights who primarily lived in the early twentieth century. There are
ten letters total and all are asked how they know how to write a play. Many responses are
simply that they have no idea how to write a play while others attempt to bestow wise
advice to Dreyfus for his drive to write a play. Each playwright however, offers valuable
advice to Dreyfus and it is interesting that their advice is fairly consistent.

This book is written on the basis of sharing a diverse amount of perspectives with the
reader. Such a book is often reliable and relatively unbiased because there is no singular

author (or in this case, playwright) expressing his or her one-sided opinion. Rather, this
book offers a platform for the coming together of diverse ideas all attempting to answer a
unifying question providing readers with the freedom to take what they will from each
response and formulate their own opinion on the matter.

Though some of the playwrights do not answer Dreyfus' question well because they
laugh at it and exclaim that they themselves wished the knew the answer to his question,
still there are useful take-aways from such a book. None of the playwrights set out a
breakdown of how to write a play into steps. Instead, many playwrights offer personal
advice and encourage Dreyfus to try various techniques as he approaches play-writing.
Also, the accounts are enjoyable to read and honest while also providing insight into
many different writing processes.

Whitney, Craig R. "JETLINER CARRYING 258 TO U.S CRASHES IN SCOTTISH

TOWN." New York Times 21 Dec. 1988: n. pag. New York Times On This Day: Learning
Network. New York Times Company, 2010. Web. 23 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1221.html>.

This website published by the New York Times Company revisits old significant newsstories that occurred on a particular date. This entry in 2010 was for December 21st. The
news-story that this website highlights is the story of the plane bomb and and subsequent
crash over the town of Lockerbie in Scotland. The entire article is available exactly as it
was available in 1988 on December 21st.

This source is highly reputable because the New York Times is a trusted newspaper
which publishes exceptional articles on world events. This website is directly sponsored
by the New York Times Company and so all information on this site is regarded with the
same professionalism that the newspaper is regarded with and thus, this website is meant
to be trusted just as highly as the printed newspaper.

This article gives a unique perspective on the the plane crash over Lockerbie because it
was written hours after the traumatic event. The "hot-off-the-press" feel to this article is
invaluable because it demonstrates how people were not sure what was going on and it is
interesting that in that time, nobody jumped to the conclusion that it was a terrorist
attack. Many assumed it was merely a technological malfunction within the plane. This
article provides important insight into how the news handled the issue and how the news
responded to the effects it already had on people even if the article was written hours
after the crash occurred.

Though this annotated bibliography is comprehensive, I acknowledge that I still have more
research to conduct. Books that I still intend to read include 9/11 Ten Years After: Perspectives
and Problems by Rachel E. Utley and 101 Healing Stories for Kids and Teens: Using Metaphors
in Therapy by George W. Burns. Websites I intend to explore include, Playwriting101.com
and http://www.oklahomacitynationalmemorial.org/secondary.php?section=12&catid=136
Journal articles I intend to read include, Boston Bombing Victims Aided by Biologist-Surgeon
by Michael Yaffe and Trisha Gura as well as Healing Together: A Couples Guide to Coping
With Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress by Barbara Feld. I also intend to interview Andrew
Barbato on the business of writing a play and Mr. Fanning on his experience as a Boston
firefighter during 9/11.