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2: .................................................................................133
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3: .........................................................................155
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4: - ................................................172
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5: .....................................................................................191
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..........................................................................................................225
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6: .................................................................................231
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.................................................................................................................238
...................................................................................................................241
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7: & ........................................................261
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8: ..............................................................................281
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10: & ......................................................370
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11: ..............................................................................429
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12: ......................510
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14: .....................................................................591
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15: ..............................................................605
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16: ............................................................................................630
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(Lamiaceae, Labiatae) 698
& .........................................701
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: Celerum passionum libri III Tardarum passionum libri V,
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chronic diseases, Chicago 1950.
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(. De Corporis Humani Fabrica).

, 5 .

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al-Kindi
.
al-Kindi ,
Roger Bacon (1214-1294)
.

98

,
(Habib, 1981).
99
, 12 ., .

58

 ,
, .
De gradibus 12 .
al-Kindi
(Prioreschi, 2002):
,
.
,
, .
(, 1017 - Monte Cassino, 1087)
11 .
, Monte Cassino, .

, , Razes Ali Ibn Massaouia Baghdad, Ibn
Imran, Ibn Suleiman Ibn Al-Jazzar.
17 .

. Ibn Ridwan100 (
988 1061) ,
.
, 101.
Ibn Ridwan 11
. , ,
.
,
(MS. Tibb 483, p. 9, 11. 6-10, p. 10, 11. 5-7 MS. 4026, . Arberry, p. 2, 11. 8-10, 11. 1920) (Iskandar, 1976). Ibn Ridwan
,
.
,
(MS. Tibb 483, p. 16,
11. 6-11 MS. 4026, . Arberry, pp. 4, 1. 26-5, 1. 3).

( Mosheh ben Maimon Ms ibn Maymn),
, . 1135
1204 .
. ,
, Abu Bakr Ibn Bajja
(Avempace) (. 1139)
(Ibn Rushd Averroes, . 1198).
,

( ,
. . E. I. J. Rosenthal, 1956).
( Mishnah, 1168
Genizah ( ganaz, ) .
Ben Ezra

100

Abu'l Hasan Ali ibn Ridwan Al-Misri, , .

Ibn Ridwan: (Useful book on the quality of
medical education). MS Tibb 483 (Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya,
) MS 4026 (Chester Beatty Library, ).
101

59

 .


(. Efraim Lev & Zohar Amar, 2008).
.

, .
,
(
, . Kraemer, 2006).
, (..
), , Abraham ben Yiju ,
Genizah (
1137-1149) (Goitein, 1973, Goitein & Friedman, 1999).
al-Mu izz (. 975) 972 al- Azhar,
, ,
.

, .
, .
,
. ,
(Dar al-ilm),
.
.
,
(Ivry, 1986, 1991 1995).

(rais al-yahud, . )
, .
al-Malik al-Afdal
( Ibn Abi Usaybia, 1203-1270).
al-Afdal: .
,
( 1191 Joseph ben Judah, . 1975),
( Abd al-Latif
al-Baghdadi, . S. M. Stern, 1962),
.
, , Al-Qad al-Fadil
( ) al-Baysani (11351200), , .

al-Fadil,
. al-Fadil
,
( ).
, , , ,
11 (.
Fred Rosner, Kraemer, 2006), .
,
(halakhot fusul). ,
, . Abu
Marwan Ibn Zuhr, .
:

60

, (Extracts from Galen,

The Art of Cure),
.
.
(Commentary on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates),
.
(Medical Aphorisms of Moses, . Fusul Musa, . Pirkei
Moshe ), 1.500
. ,
.
, .
(Treatise on Cohabitation),
. Taqi ad-Din Ibn Umar,


.
,
, .
(Treatise on Poisons and Their
Antidotes).
(Regimen of Health, 1198),
.
(Discourse on the Explanation of Fits),
.
(Glossary of Drug Names), 405
, , , ,
.
(1200),

.
. ,

(
1974, 15-3). ,
.
, (Misneh
Torah, 11.12 Kraemer, 2006).

,
,
( ),
.
( ),
. :
...
. ,
.
, . , .
,
.

, ,
.

. ,

61

 .
Unani (Unani Tibbia),
.
unan, .
Unani .
, .
(debtera)
. debtera,
Geez,
.
,
102.

.
. Gotze (1923)
.
1956 Duchesne-Guillemin
, (West, 1971).
(Mansfeld, 1971 Thivel,
1981). Filliozat
,
, , ,
prana tridoshas Ayurveda (Filliozat, 1949).
.
Susruta Samhita (
, 3-4 . ..103)
Yavana (1.13.13, . Jolly, 1951).
, .
Tang (618-907), Taizong,
.
Songtsen Gampo (Srong btsan sgam po)
(618-841). Khepei Gaten (mKha pai dga ston)
Shecha Kunkhyab (Shes bya kun khyab) :
Bharadvaja , Hsuan-yuan Huang-ti Galenos
Throm (Khrom), .
Gyuthog Yonten Gonpo (Gyuthog yontan mgonpo)

(Stein, 1972, Beckwith, 1979 Yeshe De Project, 1986)104.


(galenos galenus, . Beckwith, 1979),
(Jlinus).


. .

, .
102
103

. Worell, Griaule, Lifschitz, Strelcyn, Rodinson oung. Strelcyn.

, Bower Manuscript, 500550 .. (Dani, 1986 Sander, 1987).
104
Mgo sngon bsduspa Dephoi gtar dpyad.
Mi jigspaI mtshon cha,
.
. .
Biji Tsanpailaha Halaanti (Beckwith, 1979).

62


, .
,
.
,
, .
,
.

, ,
(Hohlweg, 1995).
.
(1580/85 1656/57).
, .
.
, ,
, ,
(, 1850).
.
1674, 12
(, 1983).

.
14 . , (
1347), ( 1378),
, 14 . ,
.
1538 (Hohlweg, 1995). , 13 .
,
1669.

( 1584 68
20 ).
, , .
() (),
.
,
,
, .
(Klostermedizin Mnchsmedizin)
, . ,
15 . , . 1494,
. Bibl. statale
oratoriana dei Gerolamini, XXII.1 (472 ), ,
67 , 19 105.
,

(, , ). 18 .
, , ,
105

19 10 : 6 , 1 (), 2
, 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 3 , 1
2 ( ).
Ideler (J.L.Ideler, 1842, Phys. et med. gr.
min. II, . 286-302, 303-304 305-306 ). (-)
Moraux (Moraux, 1985, Ps.-Gal. De signis ex urinis).

63

 . , (),
(), (1641 1709,
, 106), (1748 1833,
Montpellier). 15 . ,
,
. ,
.
1669 ,
, ,
,
. 1713
(Royal Society of Medicine) 1714 .
.
( 1659),
. .
. ,
, ,
.
. .
80 E.
Jenner,
. Jenner
-.
19 . Montagu (
), 1817 (,
1970 1975). ,
.
, ,
15 16 . ,
, . Pietro Abano ( 1260)
, ,
,
. ,
( 1539
) (
1533), 1545.
,
1805 . ,
, ,
.
:
, .
, .
.
, .
,
.
,
(, 1999).
17 .
. ( )
106

, Harvey
(, 1868).

64

 .
107 1650 ( ),
( ).

.
,
.
.
1703.
,
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

( 3 ).
.
( 4 ).
.
, .
.
.
.

(1768-1823) .
() . ,

(, 1970). ,
.
.
. ..
:

( , , 1812).
(, 1818).
(, 1818).
(, 1819).

1819
( 1940)
(-Hirner, 2008).

( ) ,
.

Jamnagar Gujarat Vayaskara
Mooss malayali
(Kerala).
.
Caraka Samhita ( , 3 2 . ..),
Vagbhata108 ( Vahata) .
.
107

, . (. . 4, 1907, . 27-82)
(1997).
108
Vagbhata Vahata 7 . .. Ashtanga Sangraha
Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita.

65

 ,
.
, , ,
.
.
,
.
. ,
Kerala
malayalam ( ) (Zimmerman, 1989). Zimmerman

.
,
,
, .
,
,
( ,
) .
,
. (Clark,
2000), .
:
... (. 2 3).
( , 4.127.1):

,
,.
,
.
,
(. . ),
.

19 .
. Samuel Thomson (1769
1843) New Hamshire
Lobelia inflata L.
,
. ,
(Capsicum annum), Lobelia.
Thomson New Guide to Health; or Botanic Family Physician (1822)
$20.
. 1840
100.000 . Thomson
,
(Eclectic School). Alva Curtis
(Independent Thomsonian Medical Society)
.
.
(Eclectic Medical Institute) Worthington Ohio
1833 Cincinnati 1939.
John Uri Lloyd, John Milton Scudder, Harvey Wickes
Felter, Finley Ellingwood .

66


(.. Michael Moore).

(vital force), .
(homeostasis),

.
,
,
.
, .

(autotoxemia), Thomson, (
.), , ( ,
.).
,
, . :
.
(),
, , .
(diffusive stimulants,
) (relaxing diaphoretics),
.
(hypotrophic, ).
,

(Wood, 2002).
,
, , . ,
( ).
()
, , , , (Wood, 2002).
,
(Priest & Priest, 1982).
(stimulating astrigents), (stimulating
diaphoretics).
(),
.

(
stress). (irritation),
(depression),
. (sthenic response)
, , .
,
(nervine relaxants).
(. 5).
(asthenic response) ,
, , ,
(). Priest & Priest (1982)

.
, Szechuan (Zanthoxylum
piperitum, Zanthoxylum simulans Zanthoxylum schinifolium).
(. 5).

67

, (trophic state)
.
,
(.. ), , , , .
.

. (.
13).

Szechuan (
(Zingiber officinalis L.) Zanthoxylum simulans
Hance)

(Nepeta cataria L.)

(Sambucus nigra L.) Milkweed (Asclepias spp.)

(Crataegus spp.)

(Rosa spp.)

Vaccinium spp.

(Hamamelis
virginiana, H. vernalis)

(Quercus spp.)

Bayberry (Myrica spp.)

Hydrastis

(Gentiana lutea .)

(Populus spp.)

Szechuan (
(Zingiber officinalis L.) Zanthoxylum simulans
Hance)

Bayberry (Myrica spp.)

(Capsicum annuum L.)

Lobelia inflata L.

Milkweed (Asclepias spp.)

Actaea

Kava-kava (Piper methysticum)

Piscidia

(Capsicum
annuum L.)

Cola

Paullinia

Equisetum

Verbascum

Prunus

Viola

Lobelia inflata L.

Asclepias

Filipendula

(Glycyrrhiza
glabra)

(Althaea)

Hydrastis

Szechuan (
Zanthoxylum simulans
Hance)

(Gentiana lutea
.)

Humulus

Dioscorea

Geranium

Rumex

(Rhamnus spp.)

Collinsonia

Dioscorea

Chionanthus

Chelidonium

Berberis

(Iris spp.)

Leptandra

Equisetum

Kava-kava (Piper methysticum)

Galium

Verbascum

Capsella

Barosma

68

Dioscorea

Trillium

Viburnum

Caulophyllum

Cimicifuga (Actaea)

Vitex

Leonorus

Lycopus

Cereus

Convallaria

(Crataegus spp.)

Cytisus

Passiflora

Scutellaria

Gelsemium

Capsicum

Ginkgo biloba

Cola

Avena

ginseng (Panax
quinquefolium)

Damiana (Turnera diffusa)

(Arctium spp.)

Stellaria

(Plantago
spp.)

Equisetum

Verbascum

(Inula helenium)

(Crataegus spp.)

(Rosmarinus
officinalis)

Cereus

(Gentiana lutea .)

Filipendula

(Glycyrrhiza
glabra)

(Iris spp.)

Oplopanax

Silybum

Silybum

(Taraxacum
officinale)

Cynara

Rhamnus

(Taraxacum
officinalis)

(Inula helenium)

Equisetum

Chimaphila

(Urtica
spp.)

Aletris

Chamaelirium

Caulophyllum

13. .
Michael Moore (1941 2009)
:
1990 Lloyd Cincinnati Ohio,
,
( ) -.
(1939)
.
, ,
.

19 ., ,
. Samuel
Hahnemann, 18 . 1790,
Hahnemann Materia Medica William Cullen.

69

 ,
Cullen, .
,
, ,
(similia similibus curantur).
, Hahnemann
,
. H
1796 o o .
,
(Organon der rationellen Heikunst, 1810), 294
.
(Materia Medica Pura),
.
, Hahnemann
,
,
, . Hahnemann

. ,
, . ,
,
(Campbell, 2008). H
1825
(vitalism) ,
. ,
Hahnemann
( ) ,
.
,

.
(Naturopathy, Naturopathic Medicine, Natural Medicine)

(Nature Cure). , Thomas Allinson (1858 1918)
(Hygienic Medicine) 1880, ,
. naturopathy 1895 John
Scheel Benedict Lust (1872 1945),
Sebastian Kneipp .
, ,
, , .
1901 (American School of Naturopathy)
1902 (Naturopathic Society of America,
1919 American Naturopathic Association).
20 . 25
. Flexner
( ) 1910 Lust 1945

(American Medical Association) 1940 1963.
1958 5 (Naturopathy Doctor N.D.).

. 92/73/ 40075/97 ..
.

70



;
Francis Adams 1847.
. Adams

19 .
,
, , ,
,
, .
, ,
.

,
.

71


(decoctum, decoction) [ = , ]

( , , 78.174).

5 30 . 5 (
), (, ) 20
30 .
.
(maceratio decoctum).
3 2 .
24 .
: 30 gr 60 gr 750 ml ,
500 ml, 150 ml .
(infusum, infusion, tisane, ptisan) [ ]
tisane ptisan
,
. .
,
,
. 5 30 .
1 3 1
.
.
: 30 gr 75 gr 600 ml , 1 3
.
(extractum, extract) [ = ]

,
(
, , 63.130).

. .
.
: 1 1
.
72

 (intraits)
,
.
(.. , , ,
).
(maceratio) [ ]

, ,
, ,
(, , 8.3).

, 2 12 .
.
: 25 gr 500 ml .
(tinctura, tincture)

.
1:5, 1 5
. 70%, 40
90% ( ).
2-3 ,
.
.
,
(laudanum, ,
Papaver somniferum L.).
,
2 .
(, )
( 5 ml) 25-50 ml
.
.
: 200 gr 600 gr 1 lt , 5 ml
.


, , .
73

 ,
,
.. ( PY Un 267).
, ,
, .
4
, ,
.
(sirupus, syrup)
, ,
.
,
200 100
. .
.

.
.
, .
:
.
: 500 ml 500 gr , 5-10 ml,
.
(succus)
.
.
.
.
.
: 100 ml 10 lt .
(pulvis) [ ]

. (
)
.
,
.
,
.
74


.
: 1 , 3 .

, ...
(, , 1.43).

Un 267 ,
,
109. (,
) , ,
.
.
.
,
.
: ,
,
,
(, , 29).
( )
(, 22 , , 2.629).
, ,
. 1 , .
:
1. ().
3 .
.
: . : 250 gr 750 gr
500 ml .
2. ().
2-3 .
.
: .

109 O-do-ke a-ko-so-ta / tu-we-ta a-re-pa-zo-o / tu-we-a a-re-pa-te / ze-so-me-no:

.

75

 (cream)

. ,
.
,
,
.
.
.
3 .
.
.
.
.
: 150 gr , 70 ml , 80 ml 30
gr .
(ointment)

, .
,
: ,
( , , 22.426).

,
(). ,
.
,
.
, .
.
2
.
( ).
.
: 500 gr , 60 gr .
(compress) [ + ]
( ,
) ,
(5-20 ml 500 ml ) .
.
76


. (
) 2-5 .
,
.
.
()

,
(, , 8.372).

,
, .
.


, .
, .
1-2
,
.

30 .
(lotion)
,
, .
.
40 ml 20 ml
(Borago officinalis).
2-3 . ,
.
(balm liniment)
,
. , , .

Opodeldoc (opoponax, bdellium aristolochia)
77

 .
Dit Da Jow () .

.
(, .). 5-10
20 ml ( 1 ) .

.
( ) (, )

...
( , , 7.454).

.
,
.
.

.
24
, . '

1 cm 2 cm.
20 ml , 100 ml
80 ml .
. 20 gr

.
2 .
.


, .
,

.

78

 (, pills)

( , , 133.298).

,
.

,
,
.

,
. , ,
.
.
,
.


.
, 5-10 20 ml
(1 ) .
.

.
: 5 10 20 ml (1 )

79


1 ml = 20
5 ml = 1
20 ml = 1
1 = 150-200 ml

1.
c :
c :
2. :
3.
c , :
c , : , + :
c , :
c :
4. &
c :
c :

80

81

 1:

82


Castanea sativa Miller
: Fagaceae
: Castaneae Folium ()
: ,
, ,
: ,
, , ,

: chestnut tree
: chataignier
: Edelkastanie
: .: , , : , ,
: ,
: .: , : ,
: , [:
(, 2008)]
: , ,
: , & :
( , ), , ,
: Qi , (
), , (
), , ,
, .
: (, ,
)
:
: : ( ), :
( )
: 30 gr 500 ml (, 3-4 100 ml
)
:
:

,
.
: .
,
(, , 4.5.4110).
,
110

oon mn Tmloj cei ka Msioj Olumpoj pol t kruon

ka tn diosblanon, ti d mpelon ka mhlan ka an

83

 (Dalby, 2001).

, 50 .. (, 1987).
: (
, 5.4.2 .) (, 4.8.11).
(54b),
, (Dalby,
2001). .
, , , (
, 1.106111).

, 6-12 % .
(rutin), (hesperidin), (quercetin),
(apigenin), (morin), (naringin), (galangin)
(kaempferol) (Basile et al., 2000).
X
, ,
() (
112), (-,
, 493113). ,
114,
( , Quercus spp., .
) ( , 1.106.3).
() (,
, 2.30.3115)
(, 2.49.5116, , ,
IX.35) (Colchicum spp.) (,
111

a d Sardiana blanoi, j tinej lpima kastanaj mta Dij balnouj kalosi, stfousi ka ata,
tn mown t esi drastika, ka mlista metax tj sarkj ka to lpouj floij. d srx ka toj fmeron
pepwksin rmzei.
112

: , , .
.
113
kstana dspepta ka kakcuma, yucr ka xhr ka fusdh ka
gastrj fektik t d yukt t fusdej potqentai,
ej d trofn od tata pitdeia. okas pwj balnia.
114

, 1-3
(, 1980).
.
115
kastanwn fyhma,
116
kastanwn floio pzema

84

2.152.1117).

( , 11.647118
11.648119), .

(80.3),
, , .
120
( , 4.7.17).
(, 3.3.6),
(, 3.13.10121), ( , , 3.15.19),
(, 3.18.11) (, 14.61.1).

.

(, 2.407122).
,
( , 1.81.3),

117

fhmrou d poqntoj, ka Kolcikn kalosin,

fele kastanwn t ntj leon sn onJ,
.
118
'All per mn tn pikrn p plon
fexj ersetai. tn d per tn stufntwn ka xwn aqij
nalabntej lgon piqmen dh tn proskousan at
teleutn. t tonun asthrn, ti mn klelumnon st
strufun namnhsqnai cr tj asqsewj. tij d
gnesij ato, nn ersetai. peid t strufnn sma gedj te ka yucrn n, kluqsetai kat' ngkhn tricj,
qermainmenon, grainmenon, sunamfteron ma pscon
n mn on qermanhtai mnon, ok sti mn oq' grteron
ote malakteron, ll sklhrn mnon piktsetai glukthta, kaqper a tn drun blanoi ka mlista a nomazmenai kastaneai.

: , .
, ,
.
119
strufnj d ma ka glukj te tj mursnhj ka tj crdoj
ka tj druj, ka plon mn glukj strufnj tj
kastaneaj nomazmenoj
120

[Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois] 2 ..

600 .., Tille
Hoyuk (Zohary & Hopf, 2000).
121
Osa pleona trofn ddwsi t smati qrmoi trfimoi, kstana, fak, o glukej
fonikej, stafdej a glukeai ka lipara, blanoi, goggulj, n ka bounida kalosin
122

ka t kstana d pt summtrwj sqimena ka m pnu

sunecj felosin odn gr cousi yucrn otwj sqimena ka prosti
toj eumatismoj mblnousin conta t mtrion paccumon ka dhkton.
.

( ).

85


(, 3.46.4123).
, (30 gr 500 ml, 3-4 100 ml
),
, ,
, , , ,
(, 1972 Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
(.. )
, (Grieve, 1931).
. O
(, 1972). T
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
Culpeper (1652)
. H..A.
. A
, , (,
1987) .
(, , )
,
(Pitchford, 1993, ,
2008). ,
.
.
, .

.
( ).
(
) Qi
( 124). ,
(
), 125
( , , ), , ,
(Pitchford, 1993 , 2008).
,
, , .
, .
123

yucr d t dukraa parcoh di tn nantwn nai rton

te on ato n onJ doton ka tn defqon trefqon krmbhn, katnwn te geuqwan ka tafdwn ka rniqo kat t rkon, ka onou pintwan

124
, , -
.
125
Qi
.

86

 ,
I (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).

(Calliste et al., 2001),
,
, (Basile et al., 2000).

(, , )
. .
,
, . ,
, , . ,
. Qi
( ). ,
( ),
( ,
, ), , ,
.

87


Juglans regia L.
: Juglandaceae
: Folia Juglandis
()
: ,
, ,
( ),
, ()
: , ,

: Persian walnut, common
walnut
: noix
: Walnuss, Welschnuss,
Steinnuss
: (), ()
: ,
: ,
: , ,
: : ,
Qi -, :
- ,
, :
( ), ()
( )
: (, & )
: -
: I- (), I ( )
: 16-32 gr 1 lt ( ), 2-4 gr 150 gr
(), 20-50 ,
20-30 gr. Holmes (1997): 8-16 gr 2-3 ml
.
: Sang Ji Sheng &
( ).
: (), (Holmes,
1997), 10
.

,
Kazanluk (
5.000 ..). ,
,
88

 . 2 ..,
.
,
(Dalby, 2001)126.
,
(, 1987) .

, (
, Khn 6.609127). juglans ( Nux
regia persica )
jovis glans, (, 1987)128,
( ) (Dalby,
2001).

T , , ,
: (juglone, 5--1,4-). H
, , Juglans spp.
Carya spp., .
, 1,23, 6,71 7,73 mgr./gr.
129. , ,
,
,
(, 1987). T 40-50% 130, , ,
(, 1972 Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). O
C. , ,
, ( &
,1948). O (1914) ,
: (juglandine). O
(1948) . O
.
, ,
. H
.
(acide nucitannique), ,
.

126

( , 1.125)
(Naturalis Historiae, XV.87).
127
Bailik tine nomzoui krua tata t nn p pntwn pl nomazmena krua
128

(, 6.451):
Dij balnouj lgousi t krua o pleouj
129
130

Lee & Campbell, 1969, , 1987.

62,6 70,3% (Savage, 2001).

89

X

().
(Ruta
graveolens L., Rutaceae)
( , 493131).
O ( , 1.125132)
( ) ,
(), .
, ,
(Ficus carica) (Ruta
graveolens), 133,
( ).
,
(!),
().

, .
134 ,
.
131

t krua t basilik ligtrofa ka estmaca

metrwj sqimena e d met scdwn sqei tij at,
p plon esn estmaca met phgnou d nstij lambnwn tra odn blabseta tij p qanasmwn farmkwn.
132

krua basilik, nioi Persik kalosin, sqimena dspepta, kakostmaca, colopoi, kefalalg, bssousin
nanta. crsima d bibrwskmena prj mtouj nstei, ka
qanasmwn farmkwn ntifrmakon probrwqnta sn scsi
ka phgnJ, pleona d brwqnta platean lminqa ktinssei
piplttetai d ka mastoj flegmanousi ka strmmasi sn
lgJ mliti ka phgnJ. met d kromou ka lj ka mlitoj prj kundhkta ka nqrwpdhkta poie, purwqnta d
sn t kelfei ka piteqnta t mfal strfouj paei.
t d lpuron kan ka trifqn n onJ ka laJ <ka> paidoij picrisqn, kalltricn sti ka lwpekaj dasnei, ka
mmhna fsthsi t ntj ato leon kan ka sn onJ prostiqmenon. tn d palain karwn t ntj kataplasqnta
gaggranaj ka nqrakaj <pericarssei>, ka agilpia ka
lwpekaj mashqnta ka piteqnta tai. gnetai d ka
laion x atn koptomnwn ka kqlibomnwn. t d clwr
tton kakostmaca, gluktera nta, di ka toj skrdoij megnutai prj t tn drimthta periairen arei d ka pelimata kataplasqnta.
133

.
134
.
.

90


,
.
.
,
.
().
O ,

. ,
(Morus
spp.) (Rubus spp.).
.
,
,
().
,
( ,
12.13135). .
,
. .

. ( ,
1.55136, 3.34 .).
135

[ib. Per karwn.] Krua. t dndron cei mn ti

kn toj blastoj kn toj flloij stuptikn, nargj d
ka pleston n t to karou lmmati prosftJ te ka
xhr. crntai gon at di toto ka o bafej. mej
d ka kqlbontej at ka tn culn mowj t tn
mrwn te ka btwn yontej sn mliti stomatik crmeqa farmkJ, ka prj tlla pnta, prj per rmttousin o proeirhmnoi culo to karou d' ato t
mn ddimon laidj t' st ka leptomerj, ste di
toto ka kculotai vdwj ka mllon, sJ per n pokemenon cronzV, toioto gnetai. laion gon kqlyai dunatn stin x ato palaioumnou. thnikata d ka diaforhtikn kanj ggnetai. ste tinj ka gaggranaj at ka nqrakaj ka aglwpaj ntai, tinj d ka prj
t neurtrwta crntai. prsfaton d' prcon cei ti ka
tj stufoshj poithtoj. t d' telj ti ka mhdpw xhrn, mowj toj lloij karpoj, soi clwro, plrj stin
grthtoj mipptou. t mntoi lpoj ato t xhrn kauqn leptomerj te gnetai ka xhrantikn ka dhkton frmakon.
136

Per karwn.
Krua t te megla ka t leptokrua o polln trofn ddwsi
t smati, plewn d' mwj stn n t leptokarJ mftera d
metcei ka tj stufoshj metrwj poithtoj, tij cronizntwn metapptei p t laidej. t d clwrn kruon ote tj stufoshj
safj metcei poithtoj ote tj laidouj, ll' stn poi pwj
ka datdh. pttetai d t kruon mllon to leptokarou ka

91

 .
, ,
. ( , .106137).
(
, , , .185 .).
Serenus Sammonicus138, M
, : ,
, 20 (Ruta graveolens L., Rutaceae)
.
, ( &
, 1948).
(Folia Juglandis), I-,
. E ,

( ), 20
(, 1914). & (1948)
.
Negrier (1841)
, 192 gr
, 1 gr (Atropa belladonna L., Solanaceae) 1 gr
( Papaver somniferum L., Papaveraceae).
(16-32 gr 1 lt )
.
, 2-4 gr 150 gr . O Boys de Loury &
Costilles
. O Vidal de Careis .
T
,
.
,
mllon estmacn sti, ka pol mllon sn scsi sqimenon.
edhlon ti grn mn n prj diacrhsin pithdeiteron, t d
xhrn tton mbrecmenon d ka toto ej dwr ka lepizmenon
paraplsion gnetai t clwr t dunmei.
137

Karinon. `Omow t mugdalnJ ka toto keuzetai koptomnJ ka piezomnJ e zon dwr mballomnJ met t kopnai
ka rmzei d to ato perittn d cei t crhimeein to
cruoin gkaoui xhranei te gr ka uncei poln crnon
t cruei ka gkaei.
,
, .

Qi .
138
De medicina praecepta, 110,
Serenus Sammonicus, 212 .X.
, .
.

92

 16 gr (Cinchona succirubra Pav. et

Klotsch, Rubiaceae) 1 lt . Dubois
.
, ,
. ,

. T .

. Fischec 8 gr
16 gr (Cinnamomum ceylanicum Breyn., Lauraceae),
(20-50 ). A
, (Allium sativum L., Liliaceae)
, ,
. O Becker 4 gr
60 ml . A

.
I (Picci,
1980). T, 139
.
, I,
Pollisi,
. H
( Lytta vesicatoria L.
Meloidae) ( & , 1948). Brissemoret & Michaux

, , ( & , 1948).
O (1914) .
,
, 1916 de Surel.
( 20-30 gr) .
.
O , .
, ,
, ( &
, 1948). O (, 1977)
. T

,
. T
. T
, , ( &
, 1948).

139

(5%).

93


(Holmes, 1997):
1. -.
, .
.
a. - (, ,
, , ).
b. - ( ):
( , ), , (impetigo),
, (tinea), , ,

(),

,
,
, ( ).
c. Qi ( , ,
).
2. . , , ,
. .
a. (, , ): ,
, .
b. ( ) (,
, ):
, ,
,
, , , ,
, , .
3. , , . ,
Qi .
a. - - ,
/ (
).
b. , , ,
, , (
).
c. .
d. .
e. ( ).
f. ( , .. ).
4. Qi (
, ): (, ),
( ).
5. , .
: , , , , ,
, ( Yin ,
94

 ), ,
, (, ,
, , ),
(, tinea, ),
( ).
, , .
,
Qi -.
,
.
,
-
, .

(, ).

, .
.
( ),
, Sang Ji Sheng
[ Viscum coloratum (Kom.) Nakai, Loranthus
parasiticus (L.) Merr. ].
(Holmes, 1997) ,
.
.
(, , , ,
, ). , .
, , .
, ,
. .
Holmes (1997) .
10 ,
,
(Potentilla erecta), (Rubus fruticosus)
(Geranium spp.).
(Holmes, 1997).

,
, , , ,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). T Boericke (1927)
Farrington (1908)
.

(Perusquia et al., 1995),
(Ohsugi et
95

al., 1999 Anderson et al., 2001),

(Alkhawajah, 1997 Ali-Shtayeh
& Abu Ghdeib, 1999).

, , .
,
Qi -.
,
,
- ,
.
( ),
.

96


Ceratonia siliqua L.
: Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)
:
: , ( &
),
: , ,
,
: carob tree
: caroubier
: Caruba
: , [, 2009: ,
, ]
: ,
: , ,
: , :
,
: , ,
: ,
, Yin (
), ,
,
: -
: - ( 12 )
: ( )
: 1-2 , 7 500 ml (2
)
: Zhuyazao ( Gleditsia australis
Hemsl.)
:

(
, 1.11.2140, 1.14.2141 4.2.4142),
140

kaqper te kerwna, n tinej kalosi sukn Aguptan,

141

'Idiwtth d k to stelcouj kfusij,

sper tj n AgptJ sukamnou tathn gr
fasi frein k to stelcouj o d tatV te ka
k tn kremnwn, sper tn kerwnan ath gr
ka k totwn frei pln o poln kalosi d
kerwnan f' j t ska t Agptia kalomena.
142

(TatV d paraplhsa ka n o Iwnej kerwnan kalosin k to stelcouj gr ka ath

97

 , .
(130.158143).
(1914)
,
( , 11.1.1).
(.
, , 1.114).
( , 12.23.9),
ceratonia.

kharrub,
(carob tree, caroubier, caruba, algarroba, caroba).
( , 73.11).

, , , (Ozcan et
al., 2007), ( 19,2%, . Kumazawa et al., 2002,
Owen et al., 2003 Papagiannopoulos et al., 2004)
(Zunft et al., 2001). 41
, , , -
(Papagiannopoulos et al., 2004).
, , , (Ozcan et al., 2007).
(Duke, 1992b Kumazawa
et al., 2002): , alanine, alpha-aminopimelic-acid, amino acids, arginine,
aspartic acid, benzoic acid, butyric acid, capronic acid, carubin, catechin tannin,
cellulose, ceratoniase, ceratose, chiro-inositol, concanavalin-A, , formic
frei tn pleston karpn, p d tn kremnwn,
sper epomen, lgon. d karpj lloboj, n
kalos tinej Agption skon dihmarthktej
o gnetai gr lwj per Agupton ll' n Surv
ka n 'Iwnv d ka per Kndon ka `Rdon.
efullon d ka nqoj kleukon con ka ti
barthtoj, m metewrzon d sfdra ka lwj
k tn ktw parablasthtikn nwqen d
poxhrainmenon. cei d ma ka tn non ka
tn non karpn fairoumnou gr qatrou met
Kna ka teroj eqj fanerj kuomenoj
ketai gr sper btruj moscmwn et' axhqej nqe per 'Arktoron ka shmeran p
totou d diamnei tn ceimna mcri Kunj.
mn on moithj ti steleckarpa ka tata
diafora d a erhmnai prj tn sukminon.)
143

Skeuasa ppakpou. mlitoj, khro n go a,

molubdanhj go a, calko mlanoj go tata gcee p
trton kinn, wj foinikon gnhtai, prosbllwn xouj kaqon na, <eta kerwnan prosmisgomnou to nhrou botanou
ywn ej dwr, ka kyaj tn botnhn met xuggou.> t
d' at poie p' nqrpwn.

98

acid, fructose, D-galactose, gallic acid, beta-D1,6-DI-O-galloylglucose, beta-Dglucogallin, glucose, glutamic acid, glycine, gum, hemicellulose, histidine,
hydroxyproline, invert sugars, isobutyric acid, isoleucine, leucine, leucodelphinidin,
lignin, lysine, D-mannose, methionine, mucilage, myoinositol, pectin, pentosane,
phenylalanine, pinitol, primverose, proline, protein, saccarose, saponin, serine, ,
sucrose, , tannin, threonine, tocopherol, tyrosine, valine, , xylose.

- (494.7144)
,
. ( , 1.114145)
( ),
, ()
, (
, 2.51.3).
( , 12.23.9146)
, ()
. () ,
(),
.
(
, 13.289147).
144

t xulokrata qerm pj esi summtrwj sqimena ka cumn tmhtik, stfousi d ka

metrwj.

145

kertia clwr mn lambanmena kakostmaca tugcnei ka koilaj lutik, xhranqnta d sthsi koilan, estomactera nta, ka diouretai, mlista d t k tn stemflwn suntiqmena.
146

[k. Per keratwnaj.] Keratwna xhrantikj sti ka

stuptikj dunmewj, sper ka karpj atj t kertia
kalomena, metcwn dhlonti ka glukthtj tinoj. pponqe
d ti ka tata toj kerasoij paraplsion. gr mn gr
mllon pgei tn gastra, xhr d' sthsi mllon, j n
popnonta mn tn grthta, t gewdsteron d tj osaj poleipmenon conta.
147

[.]
.
,,,.
,,.
,.
..
.
....
..
..
99


(Kuhn 6.615.1148),
(), ,
, () .
.
(
, 14.23.1.26) (, 15.1.10.39149).

( , 7.3.10150). ,
(13.1)
( ) ,
(, 30.6151).
(474.21152) ,
.
(, 2.431.29153),
...
..
,.
148
Per keratwn.
T kertia, di to t grmmato legomnh te ka grafomnh
t trth atn ullab, odn oike to di to keraoi.
dema gr ti kakcumn te ka xulde, x ngkh d ka dpepton odn gr xulde epepton. ll ka t m diacwreqai
tacw o mikrn ato prcei kakn. t' meinon n at mhd
komzeqai pr m k tn natolikn cwrwn, n o genntai.
149

Keratwna xhrantikj sti ka stuptikj dunmewj, sper ka karpj atj t

kertia, metcwn dhlonti ka glukthtj tinoj.

150

Keratwna ka karp at t kertia xhrantik ti ka

yuktik dunmew, metcwn dhlonti ka gluktht tino.
151

Osa bradpora.
Pnta sa di' trwn ka semidlewj skeuzetai bradpora, fba frasmenon, o kaqaro tn rtwn, fak
to lpouj fVrhmnh, gkfaloj, tj cewj muelj,
par, suktin, karda, pt , kzest ka ti mllon
thganist, loupinria, fasolia, sismhn, balnia, mla,
ka pdia t gourtera, xulokrata, onoj glukj, ka
mllon strufnj ka t dwr.
152

t xulokrat esi qerm kwlousi tn gastra ka kaqarousi t ntera.

153

......
.....
......
....
....

100

 ,
7 . (
, 3.3.55154).
:
I. . (
).
II. . (
).
III. &
( ,
155).
IV. ().
V. . (
).
VI. ( )
156.

..
......
......
......
().
,,
.
, , , , (
Sorbus domestica L.), , ( Rhus coriaria L.), ,
( Myrtus communis L., ) .
. ,
.
.
, , ,
.
.
.
154
<...> ll don toj stuptikoj ka pokroustikoj crsasqai bohqmasin, tin sti t droroston t fyhma t p tj fakj ka
xulokertwn ka knqhj aguptaj ka stupthraj ka tn toiotwn.
155
Tridentum, Trentino
(Trentino Alto Adige),
( Valle di Non D.O.P ).
Sestinum, Sestino,
.
, 12.516.18:
,
sestiana mala Sestius
Ainsworth (1773) .
156
(Amineum) ,
, (, Historia Naturalis, XIV.4.1).
,
( , . ,
, 10.833.10: ,

101

 11 .
, ,
, .
,
( , 73.11).

(, 1972).
(1-2
1 , ) (Pitchford, 2002).
7
( 10 ) 500 ml (2 )
(, ..).
,
, .
, .
(, 2009):
1. Yin .
Yin
( .), , .
(
, ).
2. .

, .

, ,
, .
.
3. (Jing),
. .
(.. ,
). Yang
(..
, ) (
).

.
( Yin).

. (.. )
.

) Falernus ager ( Falernum).

(Firmissima vina, , Georgica, II.97).

102

 Zao Jiao (
Gleditsia australis Hemsl., Fabaceae),
, ,
.
,
, .
(0,6-1,5 gr) .
,
. ,
(Bensky et al., 1993).


. Kumazawa et al. (2002)
,
.

(Corsi et al., 2002).

, .
, .
,
. Yin
( ),
,
. .
(..
, ).

103


Solanum nigrum L.
: Solanaceae
:
:
: ,
, , , ,

: black nightshade, duscle, garden

nightshade, hounds berry, petty morel, wonder berry,
small-fruited black nightshade, popolo
: morelle noire, Tue-chien, raisin de
loup
: Schwarze Nachtschatten
: 2
:
: 2
: ,
: ,
,
,

, , ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , ,
,
: -
: -
:
: 0,05-0,2 gr ( ), 30-60 gr 1 lt.
( .), ( 1:2)
: Long Kui ( Solanum nigrum L.)
: ,

( , 7.15.4)
( , 4.70157).
(158).
157

strcnon khpaon ddimn sti. qamnskoj o

mgaj, masclaj cwn pollj, flla mlana, kmou mezona
ka plattera, karpj periferj, clwrj mlaj gkirroj
d gnetai met t pepanqnai blabj d botnh prj

104


(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
. H
(Muenscher, 1949).

(solamargines), (chaconine), (sacchaporine),
(solanigrin), (solansodamine), (tigogenin),
(uttrosides)
.

(desgalactotigonin), (diosgenin), (glycoalcaloids),

(solanine), (solasodine) . (Duke, 1992b).
X
.
( , 54159),
(
, 3.1160), ( , 11),
( , 7), (
, 27161) ( , 29
, 78).
( , , 34.64162).
gesin.
158

RV: strcnoj mlaj khpaoj o d meron, `Rwmaoi

stromoum, o d koukobaloum, Agptioi lhl, Glloi skoboulou<m>, Afroi stirsmounm.
159

Strcnoj ycei ka xoneirssein ok .

160

Cr d, ktan periwdunV, ycein tn kefaln, mlista mn xranta, j

kstin j ntera gcanta tn yuktikn ti, oon culn strcnou
ka gn keramtida, t mn prostiqnai, t d fairein, prn
cliarn gnhtai,
161

... `Upr d tj dnhj tde cr didnai pnein lektordoj o fqo t crn tryaj, paracaj strcnou culo
mikotlion ka melkrhton n dati pepoihmnon, misu mikotlion, totoisi diej didnai pnein, ka pasei tn dnhn
:
, ,
. .
.
Solanum dulcamara L. ,
.
162
... Kriqn cura xuneyn, laion picaj, j koj ndwn, pura. Strcnon ka tj
lahj t flla feyn, tn atn poei trpon.
, , .
, , .

105


( ,
21). (, 3.24)
(, 3.41).
( , 4.70163)
,
,
(), .
.
,
164 , .
().

, .
, ().
,
( 2 2 ) (
, 12.145165).
,
,
( , 2.10166).
163

strcnon khpaon ddimn sti. qamnskoj o

mgaj, masclaj cwn pollj, flla mlana, kmou mezona
ka plattera, karpj periferj, clwrj mlaj gkirroj
d gnetai met t pepanqnai blabj d botnh prj
gesin.
dnamin d cei yuktikn, qen t flla kataplassmena
rmzei prj rusiplata ka rphtaj met plhj lftou,
kaq' aut d pitiqmena lea aglwpaj qerapeei ka
kefalalgaj ka stomcJ kausoumnJ bohqe, parwtdaj te
diafore sn ls lea kataplassmena. ka culj d ato
poie prj rusiplata ka rphtaj sn yimuqJ ka liqargrJ ka odnJ, prj agilpia d sn rtJ rmzei ka
seirisi paidoij sn odnJ mbrecmenoj. megnutai d ka
kolluroij nt datoj o toj prj emata drima ej
tj gcrseij, fele ka talgaj nstagej scei d ka
on gunaikeon n rJ prosteqej.
, , ,
.
164
(PdO) .
165
[ie. Per trcnou strcnou.] Trcnon, nioi d
met to sgma strcnon nomzousi. t mn ddimon n
toj kpoij fumenon pantej ginskousi ka crntai prj
sa yxa te ka styai dontai. dnatai gr mfw tata
kat tn deutran txin.
166

Per strcnou.
Tn sqiomnwn lacnwn odn oda tosathn styin con shn
t strcnon ektwj on j trof mn at spanwj, j farmkJ
d sunecj crmeqa drastrion gr stin, na yxewj stufoshj
st crea.

106


(, 1.565.11167, 1.567.17, 1.571.18),
.
H
. A 168.
,
, . H
, , .
(Muenscher,
1949). ,
169, , ,
(, 1972). O & (1948)
,
. O Cazin Alibert &
Wepler .
, ,
, , .
, ,
, , , .
baume tranquille
onguent populeum.

. O
170. A
Celsus . O Cazin
, ,
.
, , , ,
& (1948)
. K
(Gonzalez, 1980).
,
. E
0,05-0,2 gr. 30-60 gr. 1 lt.
., (
1:2) , . ( & , 1948).
2 30
, (, Claviceps
167

'Ek tn parakeimnwn n toj Strtwnoj, lgei d' 'Orfwj enai.

Strcnou zan nelmenoj fqinoshj selnhj kyon ka ddou pien
x atj, tn mn prthn mran man dsin, eta b, eta g,
eta d, ka otwj fexj, mcrij n pentekadeka nalsVj dseij.
musthridej d sti ka p polln qaumzetai.
168

Steyn (1934), Muenscher, 1949.

H , ,
(Picci, 1980).
170
. Atropa belladonna L.
169

107

purpurea), , .
E ,
(Boericke, 1927).
Long Kui ( ,
Solanum nigrum L.), , .
Tang Bencao171. ,
, .
, , , ,
, , .


(hyaluronidase). 15 30 gr (Hong-Yen et al., 1986).

.

(Akhtar & Munir, 1989),
(Sultana et al., 1995)
(Perez et al., 1998).
Solanum nigrum L., ,
(Hu et al., 1999).

. 2
. ,

(). , ,
, , ,
. ,
.
, , ,
, , .

171

Xinxiu Tang Bencao Su Ching Tang (659 ..).

108


Althaea officinalis L.
: Malvaceae
: Radix Althaeae,
Folium Althaeae
: ,
: , ,

: marshmallow
: guimauve officinale
: Echte Eibisch
: [, (Holmes,
1994)]
:
: ,
: , , ,
: Yin,
,
,
( Yin
, ,
), -, ,
, , ,
(- , ), ,
,
: - (Althaea spp.), - (Alcea spp.)
:
: (, ),
: 6-16 gr ( ), 2 4 ml ()
:
:

(1914)
( , 3.146172) (
, 9.15.5 9.18.1) Althaea officinalis L.
( ,
172

lqaa, n nioi bskon kalosi, molchj stn

graj edoj cei d flla perifer sper kuklminoj,
gcnoa, nqoj odoeidj, kauln d phcuaon, zan d glscran,
leukn ndoqen. nmastai d lqaa di t polualqj ka
polcrhston atj

109

3.146173).
, ( =
). Alcea rosea L. [= Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.],
, Alcea setosa (Boiss.) Alef.,
( , 3.147174) Althaea cannabina L.,
( , 3.149175).
Alcea setosa
(Boiss.) Alef. ( , 12.66.17176).
(1914) Malope
malacoides L. Hibiscus trionum L. Malvaceae
.

(:3.146)
(:11.867.4) (:9.15.5 &
9.18.1)
(:3.149)
(:3.147)
(:12.66.17)

Althaea officinalis L.
Althaea cannabina L.
Althaea hirsuta L.
Malope malacoides L.
Alcea setosa (Boiss.) Alef.
Alcea rosea L. [= Althaea
rosea (L.) Cav.]
Alcea pallida (Willd.) Waldst.
& Kit.
Lavatera cretica L.
Lavatera arborea L.
Lavatera thuringiaca L.

(:2.118) (:12.66.17)

Malva sylvestris L.
Malva rotundifolia L.
Malva parviflora L.

173

RV: lqaa o d lqskon, o d malch gra,

`Rwmaoi bskoum.
174

lkaa ka ath edj stin graj molchj, cousa

flla pescismna prj t tj erj botnhj, kauloj trej
tssaraj, floin contaj kannbei paraplsion, nqoj mikrn,
mferj dJ, zaj leukj, plagaj, pnte x, son pcewj,
atinej n onJ dati pinmenai dusenteran ka gmata
ntai.
175

d gra knnabij abda frei moia toj tj

ptelaj, melntera d ka mikrtera, t yoj pcewj t
flla moia t mrJ, tractera d ka melntera, nqh pruqra, lucndi mfer, sprma d ka za moia t lqav.

176

[g. Per malchj ka lqaaj.] Malch mn gra

diaforhtikj trma ka malaktikj p brac metcei dunmewj. d khpeuomnh kaq' son datdouj grthtoj
metelhfe, kat tosoton ka sqenestra tn dnamin
prcei. d karpj atj ej tosoton scurterj stin,
ej son ka xhrteroj. sti d ka dendromalch kaloumnh totou to gnouj, ll diaforhtikwtth tn erhmnwn. nomzetai d ka lqaa.

110

, ,

,
()

(,
)
, ()
,
()


35% (
), 35%, , , , ,
(asparagin) 1 2%, , , ,
( ) (Holmes, 1994).

( , 3.146177)
( ) , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
(), () ().

. ,
. ,
, , , , ,
.
. ,
, ,
.
, .
()
.
. .
177

lqaa, n nioi bskon kalosi, molchj stn

graj edoj cei d flla perifer sper kuklminoj,
gcnoa, nqoj odoeidj, kauln d phcuaon, zan d glscran,
leukn ndoqen. nmastai d lqaa di t polualqj ka
polcrhston atj yhqesa gr n melikrtJ onJ kaq'
autn kopesa poie prj tramata, parwtdaj, coirdaj,
postmata, mastoj flegmanontaj, <flegmonj> daktulou,
qlsmata, mfusmata, suntseij nerwn diafore gr ka
kpssei ka gnusi ka poulo. summalacqesa d fq,
j erhtai, stati eJ chneJ ka terebinqnV prj straj flegmonj ka mseij n prosqmati poie ka t fyhma d atj t at poie, gon ka t kalomena locea.
t d tj zhj fyhma pinmenon sn onJ fele dusourontaj, liqintaj, [mthtaj] sciadikoj, dusenterikoj, tromdeij, hgmataj, ka pnouj dntwn pranei sn xei feyhqesa ka diakluzomnh. d karpj clwrj te ka xhrj
leoj katacrisqej sn xei n lJ smhktikj stin lfn,
met' xelaou d sgcrisma profulaktikn oblwn poie d
ka prj dusenteran, amatoj nagwgn, dirroian. t d fyhma to sprmatoj pinmenon ka prj melissn ka tn
leptn qhrwn plhgj pntwn n xukrtJ poqn n onJ
ka t flla d met' laou lgou kataplssetai p tn
dhgmtwn ka p purikatwn. pgnusi d za ka dwr
migesa lea ka sunexaiqriasqesa.

111

 ( , 3.147, . )
.

( )178.
,
(Cannabis sativa L., Cannabaceae).
( , 11.867.4179)
, (180),
(), () .
,
, , .
.
,
( ). ,
,
( , 11..3).

.
(, 2.107.26, 2.117181), ( , ,
178

, , 1.229.
[a. Per bskou.] 'Ebskoj lqaa. sti
d malch gra diaforhtik, calastik, flgmantoj,
prantik, peptik fumtwn duspptwn. ka za d atj ka t sprma t mn lla mowj nerge t pv
clwr, leptomerestran d kenhj ka xhrantikwtran ka
prosti uptikwtran pideknuntai tn dnamin, ste ka
lfoj poptein ka t sprma toj n nefroj lqouj
diairen. t d tj zhj fyhma ka prj dusenteran
ka dioian ka prj amatoj nagwgn flimn stin
coshj tin dnamin stuptikn.
179

180

= , .. , .
Allo.
T at d totJ dnatai poien ka t to kumnou lambanmenon
frmakon. cei d graf totou otwj
lerou kriqnou lepto pnu
. ogg. kz
ln koinn
. . . ogg. e
psshj
. . . . . . . . og. a
khro
. . . . . . . . ogg. e
ntrou
. . . . . . . . ogg. e
kumnou
. . . . . . . . ogg. b
fruktj
. . . . . . . . ogg. e
laou
. . . . . . . . ogg. h
lqaaj
. . . . . . . . ogg. e
n llJ
. . . . . og.
culo ptisnhj
. . . . litr. a
n llJ
. . . . og. a
culo linosprmou
. . . . og. a.
leou t xhr onJ ka katcei t thkt kaq' atn, toj d culoj
toj p linosprmou ka ptisnhj pimelj ysaj, ste m katakanai. cr t farmkJ totJ qarrn kaqlou p parwtdwn ka p
llwn posthmtwn ka gr pepanei, diafore, mssei, parakoll
181

112

2.517182) ( ,
, , 2.179183).

(3.6.6184).
( )
, Pate de Guimauve,
.
,
.
.
lb (93,3 gr) 5 pints (2,84 lt),
3 pints (1,7 lt).
.
.
(Grieve, 1931). .
().
.
Althaea cannabina L. .
Hartwell (1967-71) ,
. Alcea rosea L.
(. ),
.

. ,
tacwj ka t dunmena parhgore.
182

Frmakon t di' lqaaj.

Tlewj, linosprmou, lqaaj, n ogg. d, yhqntwn mo, khro,
kolofwnaj, n lit. a, laou lit. b, calbnhj crhstj ogg. d.
ysaj tn culn met to laou, crij o dapanhq culj loj,
blle tn kolofwnan ka raj p to purj tn khrwtn blle ej
ggeon ka cr. poie ka p polln skeuazomnh, ll tathj
polln sckamen peran, o mnon p podagrikn, ll ka p
splgcnwn sklhran cntwn ka llwn mown polln.

183

Allo sfdra dunmenon qermanein k tn Mgnou.

'Orbwn lerou
. . . . . . ogg. a
linosprmou pefwsmnou
. . . . og. a
glcwnoj
. . . . . . . . ogg. b
stroblwn
. . . . . . . . og. a
lqaaj zhj
. . . . . . . og. a
sspou
. . . . . . . . . og. a
stafdwn kgegigartismnwn
. . . ogg. b .
nalmbane glukurrzhj feymati ka cr qarrn ka p puressntwn.
184

Mhn 'IounJ.
Pr mntoi edn ka toj kalamnaj, ka toj tenaj
periskptein dunatn. ti n toj kpoij slina ka
mranton, ka lqaan teqnai kairj.

113

 , .
(Holmes, 1994):
1. Yin, , ,
,
.
a. Yin : , .
, .
b. Yin : ,
, ,
. ,
, , , .
c. :
, , , .
, ,
.
d. : , ,
.
,
.
2. -, ,
, , ,
.
a. - :
, .
, ,
.
b. - : , ,
, , ,
, , .
c. - : ,
,
.
3. ,
, .
, , , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , .
4. .
,
.
- (2 ).
, ,
., , .
.
19 .
, (Astragalus sp.)
[Stellaria media (L.) Vill.].
,
114

. 6 16 gr
, 2 4 ml .
, ,
Yin ,
.

.
Yao Shu Kui ()
(Kimura et al., 1996).

(rhamnogalacturonan)
(Sutovsk et al.,
2007 2009).
, (Watt et al., 2007).

, Yin,
, ,
. Yin (..
) (
, ),
( , , ,
) (
, ).
-, ,
, , ,
. -
(, , ) -
(, , , ).
, ,
( , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , ,
). .

115


Rosmarinus officinalis L.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
: Folium Rosmarini
:
: ,

: rosemary
: romarin, herbe aux
couronnes, encensier
: Rosmarin, Keime,
Weihrauchkraut, Brautkraut
: ,
: , ,
: , , ,

: , , , , , Chong Mai, Ren Mai (Holmes, 1997), , , , ,

(Ross, 2001)
: ,
(, , ,
), --,
,
( , ,
, , ,
), ,
, ,
( , ,
, , ,
,
,
,
),

Qi Yang,
( , , ,
, , , , ,
, , ,
), Qi, ,
, ( ,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , , ),
, , , ,
.
:
:
: - ( )
: 10-50 gr 1 lt (6-12 gr ),
1:5 70% 15 (2-4 ml 3 ), 3%
: Mi Die Xiang (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)
116

: Yin ,

(1914)
185 (
) ( , 3.75186).
(390187) (14.558
14.577) . ,
(11.16).

- (-ocimene), - (-humulene), (-phellandrene), - (-terpinene), -3- (-3-carene), (-cadinene), (myrcene), (verbenone) . (Soriano
Cano et al., 1993). (rosmaricine),
(carnosic acid) (labiatic acid) (Leung, 1980).

(850).
, (
, 3.75188), .

, .
.

() () .
(
185

(
, 3.74).
186
libanwtj, n `Rwmaoi ousmarnon kalosin, ka
o stefanoplkoi crntai bdoi es lepta, per j t
flla lept, pukn, pimkh [ka], scn, ndoqen leuk, k d
tn ktj clwr, barosma.
187

libanwtj toi t dendrolbanon.

188

dnamin d cei qermantikn, ktrou atikn, n tij atn

ysaj n dati d pr tn gumnaswn pien, eta gumnzwn
loV ka onJ potzV megnutai d ka kpoij ka t gleuknJ crsmati.
, ,
. .
, .

117

, 12.61189).
,
( , 14.558190 14.577191 ).
- ,
.

,
. (, 148). Culpeper
(1652)
.

, .
.

.
,
, (Stary, 1998). ,
.
.
, , ,
() ( ) ( & , 1948). British
Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHMA, 1983)
, ,
.
,
,
(Stary, 1998).
,
,
. (Laurus nobilis L.,
Lauraceae) (Myristica fragrans Houtt., Myristicaceae)
189

[id. Per libanwtdwn.] Libanwtdej trej esi ma

mn karpoj, a d do frousai karpn, moaj pasai
dunmewj malaktikj te ka diaforhtikj. d culj te
tj zhj ka tj paj mliti mignmenoj mbluwpaj,
sai di pcoj grn gnontai qerapeei. tj d ej toj
stefnouj crhsmhj libanwtdoj, n `Rwmaoi kalosi ousmarnon, t fyhma toj kterintaj nnhsi pinmenon.
metcousi gr a libanwtdej pasai uptikj te ka tmhtikj dunmewj.
190

[Prj pnon koilaj ka stomcou.] Blle dendrolbanon ej tzouklion met onou palaio ka potritsaj
n loutr ptison laion ka onon mowj pohson ka
ptison n loutr cliarn.
191

[Prj straggouran.] Dendrolbanon labn brson

met' onou pleston p mraj trej prece pnein. labn
afda t qalssion yrion kasaj ka tn spodin dj pien.

118

 , ,
( & , 1948).
,
,
(Holmes, 1997):
1. .
.
a. Yang (, ,
, , , , ):
, , , .
2. , --,
. .
a. -- (
).
b. - (, , ,
, ): .
c. - ( ,
): , .
d. - (
, ): .
3. ,
. .
.
a. - ( ) (, ,
, ):
.
b. ( ,
, , ): , ,
, .
c. Qi (, ,
, ): , .
4. Qi, Yang
.
.
a. - Yang
( , , ,
, ,
).
b. ( ,
): , (PMS),
, , ,
.
5. Qi, .
. .
.
a. Qi ( ,
, , ).

119

b. - (
) (, , ,
, , , ).
c. Yang (, ,
, ): ,
, , , ,

, stress, , ,
.
6. : ,
, , , , .
Ross (2001)
.

Qi
.

Qi
.

, ,

, ,
, ,

Qi
.
Qi

.

Yang .

,
, , ,

, ,
,
, ,

,
( ),
, (
), ( ),
( ), ,
, (
).
,
(..
). ,
.
.
(Mi Die Xiang)

.
(Ross, 2001).

120


:
, .
(, ,
, ).
(, ,
).

. Zhong
Qi . Ryffs (1573)
,
(Holmes, 1997).
,
.

Qi
( ),
9 ( ) 4
(). ,
,
14XK.
Yin
( ). (6-12 gr
Ross, 2001 10-50 gr 1 lt & ,
1948), 1:5 (2-4 ml, 3 , Ross, 2001) 1:3 (30 gr 100
ml 15 , & , 1948),
( 3%) .

, , (Hoefler et al., 1987)
(Haloui et al., 2000),
(rosmarinic acid) (Englberger et al., 1988),
(Aqel,
1991), (Singletary & Nelshoppen,
1991 Huang et al., 1994192),
(Schwarz & Ternes, 1992 Zeng et al.,
2001), (carnosic acid) HIV-1
(AIDS) (Paris et al., 1993),
(Steiner et al., 2001)
(Dias et al., 2000).

192

(carnosol) (ursolic acid)

.
Trypanosoma curzi (Abe et al., 2002).

121


,
(, , ,
).
, --,
,
( , , ,
, , ).
,
, ,
( , ,
, , ,
, , , ).
Qi, Yang,
( , ,
, , ,
, , , , ,
, , ).
Qi, , ,
( ,
, , , , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , ,
,
, stress, , ,
).

(, , , , ,
).
( ,
)
(, , , )
(, ,
).

.

122


Ocimum basilicum L.
: O. basilicum var. glabratum
Benth., O. basilicum var. majus Benth.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
: Herba Ocimi
: ,
: ,
, ,
: sweet basil
: basilic, pistou, herbe
royale
: Basilienkraut,
Knigskraut, Hirnkraut, Braunsilge
: [
(.)]
: ,
:
: , , (Holmes, 1997)
: Yang ( Yang ,
), ,
- ( )
( ), , ,
Yang
(, , , , ),
, , ,
,
( , Qi ),
, ,
,
( ), - (
, ), ,
, ,
, ,

: -
:
: ()
: 4-10 gr (), 2-4 ml (3 ), 1-2

: Yang ,
, , Dong Chong Xia Cao (Cordyceps
purpurea)
: ,
, .
123

: , Tai Yin Shao Yin

(,
, 3.34, , , 11.882,
, , .270 .271). -
(393.1193) .
Calamintha incana L.,
( , 3.35).

( 0,5%, Duke et al., 1985) phenol methylchavicol 45%,

(linalool), (eugenol), (cineol) 1,8%, (pinenes),
, terpinolene, ocimene, mycrene methyl cinnamate (Holmes, 1997).
( 85%) (estragole)
(Duke et al., 1985).
5%, , , (oleanol) (ursolic
acid) (Holmes, 1997).
X
.
(54.21194) , ().
(54.7195), ,
(), ( ).
(481.8196),
, .
(12.49)
.
(, 93).

193

'Wkmou sprma toi sprma basiliko.

194

Wkimon xhrn ka qermn ka stsimon.

195

Wkimon ka grn ka yucrn ka ekrdion.

196

krdamon, kimon ka npu qerm ka dspepta ka kakcuma di tn polln drimthta.

124

 ( , 2.141197)
().
, , ( ),
(), ( , .
, 1.130)
()198. ,
,
. 199
.
.
, .
(
) (. , 1.8200).
( )
.
.

( 201, , 1.15.2
, , ,
, 2.127).
(, 1.49202).
197

kimon bibrwskmenon pol mbluwpj stin. sti

d koilaj malaktikn, pneumtwn kinhtikn, orhtikn, glaktoj proklhtikn, dusmetblhton. kataplassmenon d sn lftou plV ka odnJ ka xei flegmonaj bohqe, ka drkontoj qalassou ka skorpou plhg kaq' aut, sn onJ
d CJ prj fqalmn dnaj. d culj ato pokaqarei clj tj n fqalmoj ka t emata xhranei. t
d sprma rmzei toj coln mlainan gennsi pinmenon,
dusouros te ka pneumatoumnoij paei d ka ptarmoj
pleonaj pispmenon di' sfrsewj, ka pa d t at
poie sumpizein d toj fqalmoj de pintoj to ptarmo.
fulssontai d tinej at ka ok sqousi di t mashqn
ka teqn n lJ sklhkaj gennn. Lbuej d prosupeilfasin, ti o fagntej at ka plhgntej p skorpou sstwj diatqentai.
198
.
199
.
200
ptarmoj d kwlousin parakrathqesai toj daktloij
a gknqiai flbej ka nej. paei d ptarmoj sunecej
kmou sprma leon, ka pa <d> posfrainomnh.
201

. : Amomum repens,
Amomum aromaticum, Elettaria cardamomum, Alpina cardamom.
202

kimnou skeuasa to ej t kprinon rwmatismnou, j podexomen (I 55), labn laou ltraj ekosi, kmou staqm ltraj ndeka oggaj kt pofullsaj pbrece nkta ka mran n t laJ, eta xpou ka potqeso.
kkensaj d t p tj kurtdoj pcei plin t son plqoj to laou ka xpou. kaletai d toto deutereon trthn
gr ok pidcetai brocn. eta prosftou kmou labn t
son plin pbrece, j p to odnou erhtai (I 43), t d
dh pobebregmnon picwn ka n tn atn crnon kqlibe

125

 (. 1.55) 20 .
11 8 .
. ,
.
,
, .
,
.
, .
( ,
), .
() () , ,
( )
203, ()
.
( .).

() (1.11) (
1/3, , 2.113)
(, 1.35), (, 1.55)
(, 1.40).
(, 1.160),
() (
, 1.167).
: , , , ,
, (, 1.42204).
2 , ,
(
, 12.158.10205).

206 ( ,
ka potqeso. kn trj d tetrkij qlVj, pbrece prsfaton e kimon mbllwn. dnatai d ka k to mfaknou
skeuzesqai bltion d kenwj.
dnatai d t at t samyoucnJ, latton nergon.
203

: , . , 1982.
fulssesqai d de ka t pitenonta tj mbluseij
sqimena sti d nhqon ka t sprma ato, fakj,
laai mlainai, qrdax, prson kefalwtn, slinon, kimon.
204

205

[a. Per kmou.] Wkimon k tj deutraj

mn sti txewj tn qermainntwn, cei d' grthta perittwmatikn. qen ote crsimn stin esw to smatoj
lambanmenon, kataplassmenon d' xwqen ej t diaforen ka sumpptein st crsimon.
206
(Tan Zhou Tou
Tong), , ,
, , , (Bai, 1996
Liu et al., 2006).

126

12.553.14207, , 12.556.4208, 12.579.8),

.
(, , 12.596.17).
,
(, 12.663.2),
(, 12.791.11)
(, 12.793.2).
( ) (, 12.826.12),
(, 13.328.8209).
(14.166.12210),
207

kmou sprma sn dati. t mn to kmou sprma qermantikj te ka

leptuntikj sti dunmewj, o mn scurj ge, di' datoj
d mnou, cronizoshj tj diaqsewj, ok n tij elgwj
at crto, bltion gr n lain te ka xoj j ka p
tn llwn epe, mignnai ka totJ.

208

[T p 'Asklhpidou grafnta n t prtJ tn

ktj prj tj prosftouj kefalalgaj.] 'Embroc crsato Nikomdhj. Phgnou flla b. dusmou b.
peukednou b. rewj b. kmou sprmatoj h.
mkwnoj melanhj sprmatoj d. xukrtou a. ye
ej t misu, ka t grn kqlyaj nkopte odnJ ka
sunecj mbrece tn kefaln.

209

llo prj liqintaj katapastn. balsmou karpo mrh b. lqou to n spggoij eriskomnou t son, glcwnoj xhrj, malchj graj
sprmatoj, kmou xhro kstou t son, kyaj ka ssaj, pqou ka ddou koclirion ka onou kekramnou
kuqouj do.
.
210
'Antdotoj turannj kaloumnh, j Neloj 'Antiptrou, poiosa prj
liqintaj, ka toj pnigomnouj. kbllei ka t gkatecmena detera ka mbrua. pilhptikoj, podagrikoj,
rqritikoj, sciadikoj, gousa paca ora plesta. ptize kuqou mgeqoj onomliti ka prj t qansima,
qhriodktoij onJ, pilhptikoj purssousi, sn dromliti. Skgkou h. smrnhj kh. Lhmnaj mltou
d. nrdou h. sconou d. kinnammou kd.
zhj glukeaj kh. smrnhj k. ruggou kd.
mmou ib. kardammou h. krkou h. kedrdwn
melainn ib. meliltou ib. akinqnou sprmatoj
d. peprewj makro d. ka leuko kkkouj pe.
sfondulou ib. stoicdoj e. purqrou st. malchj graj sprmatoj ib. leukoou sprmatoj g.
pobalsmou dracmj st. kstou h. boln na, mmewj dracmj ib. kotulhdnoj zhj dracmj id. dakou
sprmatoj ib. karpobalsmou d. xulobalsmou dracmj d. kassaj h. kumnou Aqiopiko d. kmou
sprmatoj h. krou h. onnqhj h. selnou
sprmatoj ib. sagaphno h. kapprewj zhj d.
gentianj id. periklumnou zhj h. libnou
h. strakoj a. kgcrou graj kd. smurnou
zhj d. sisrou sprmatoj h. mmwniako qumimatoj ist. seslewj d. kgcruoj d. o d a.
'Illurdoj d. nsou d. camaiptuoj ie. ca-

127


, .

( , , 11.28.1211)
( , 2.16.T.1212).
( ,
, .418, .171, IV.10, IV.17, VI.50 ., , ,
9.48..1213, 15.1:24.1 ., , , 1.74.1, 3.24.7,
3.59.3, 4.15.1 .).
.

( , 4.19.2),
(
, , 3.4.2).
(1200) (hamahim)
2 (Al-Sulami, Imtihan al-alibba li-kaffat al-atibba,
12, 1200-1208),
.

. Nicholas Culpeper
(The English Physitian, 11)
madruoj son, smurnou sprmatoj h. ziggibrewj
id. kentaurou lepto h. stafulnou sprmatoj, mou
n h. kalmou zhj d. mrou kalo kotlhn a.
mlitoj 'Attiko t kann.
211

Per misodolou, to ka kmou.

Swtwnoj.
T kimon, toutsti t legmenon misdoulon,
ej odn gnwn crsimon. ka gr manideij ka
lhqargikoj ka patikoj poie toj sqontaj.
tekmrion d tj totou kakaj, t tn aga pnta
sqousan mnon kmou pcesqai.
mashqn d
toto ka n lJ teqn skorpouj genn. mlista
d taj gunaixn sti polemitaton, tosathn con
prj atj fusikn ntipqeian, j e tij p
lopda you lrizon kimon poqeh, gnooshj
gunaikj, o prteron gun to you yasqai
tolmseie, prn rqnai t kimon.
212

Per kmou.
Kakocumtatn sti, ka di toto prosepikatayedonta tinej
ato fskontej e trifqn mblhqeh ctrv kain, tcista genn
lgaij mraij skorpouj sti d ka kakostmacon.
213

Per kmou.
Kakocumtatn sti, ka di toto prosepikatayedonta tinej
ato fskontej e trifqn mblhqeh ctrv kain, tcista genn
lgaij mraij skorpouj sti d ka kakostmacon.

128

.
.
pesto (
)!
,
, , , ,
.

(Wichtl, 1989).
,
. 1060
..

.
(Leung & Foster, 1996).
(American Herbal
Products Association) ,
(Duke et al., 1985 McGuffin et al., 1997).
(Commission E) 85%
(estragole), .
5% (De Smet et al.,
1993).

(Holmes, 1997):
1. ,
, ,
.
a. (, , ,
): .
b. Yang (,

,
,
,

):
(adrenocortical deficiency),
, , .
c. - (
, , ): .
2. ,
, .
a. (
, , ): ,
.
b. Qi ( ,
): , (IBS),
(mucous colitis).
3. Qi, ,
Yang .
129

a. Yang ( )
(, ):
.
b. ( ,
): , .
4. , ,
,
( ).
a. - (
) ( , ,

(mental
stupor),
): ,
.
b. Yang (, , ): , , ,
.
5. -, ,
.
( ),
, ( ).
(2-4 ml, 3 ) (1-2
)
. (4-10 gr )
.
(Holmes, 1997).
,
(Ody,
1994).
,
, .,
(Holmes, 1997).
(Inula helenium)
(Hyssopus officinalis) (Ody, 1994).

(Coridothymus capitatus).
, Yang
, ,
. Yang
, , ,
Dong Chong Xia Cao (Cordyceps purpurea).
.


. ,
( Qi
).
( Yang),
130

. ,
. Gaspard Bauhin
(1560-1624) Wilhelm Ryff (1582-;)
,
, (Holmes, 1997).
(O. basilicum)
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis Staphylococcus
aureus (Janssen et al., 1986). S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp.,
Serratia marcescens, Klebsiellapneumoniae Proteus vulgaris
, Streptococcus faecalis Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (Ndounga & Ouamba, 1997).
.
Staphylococcus
aureus,
Niazbo.
gram , gram (Prasad et al., 1986).
Candida albicans
(Janssen et al., 1986 Prasad et al., 1986) Trichophyton
mentagrophytes, T. rubrum T. Verrucosum.
50%
S. aureus (Abdel-Sattar et al., 1995) E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis
Shigella flexneri (Caceres et al., 1990).
Ocimum sanctum (. holy
basil, hindi tulsi, . thulasi),
Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti
Culex quinquejasdatus, , .
(methyl chavicol),
. (Bhamagar et al., 1993).

.
, ,
(Akhtar & Munir, 1989 Akhtar et
al., 1992).

(CCl4) D-galactosamine (D-GalN) (Lin et al., 1995).

,
(Reiter & Brandt, 1985).

, Yang ,
. Yang
, (,
),
131

 (, ,
).
,
- ( )
( ,
, .
Yang (,
, , , ), ,
.
,
, .
(,
) Qi (,
, ).
, ,
,
( ). -
( ,
). ,
, ,
.
, .
(
), , .

().

132

 2:

133


Cistus monspeliensis L.
C. incanus L.
C. incanus subsp. creticus L.
C. salvifolius L.
: Cistaceae
: Gummi Ladanum
: , , ,
: ,
, , ,
: Montpelier rockrose (C.
monspeliensis), Cretan rockrose (C. incanus ssp.
creticus), salvia rockrose (C. salvifolius)
: ciste de Montpellier, ciste de
Crte, ciste feuilles de sauge
: Montpellier-Zistrose,
Kretische Zistrose, Salbeiblttrige Zistrose
: , 2,
( 2 )
:
: , ,
:
: , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
,
: -
: -
: - (), ()
: 1 500 ml ( 15 )
:
:

,
(3.107)
,
(3.112214),
214

... T d d ldanon, t kalousi 'Arbioi ldanon, ti totou qwmasiteron gnetai. 'En gr

dusodmottJ ginmenon ewdstatn sti tn gr agn
tn trgwn n tosi pgwsi ersketai gginmenon, oon
gloij, p tj lhj. Crsimon d' j poll tn mrwn
st, qumis te mlista toto 'Arbioi.

134

 . (
, 5215) (, 63216),
.
(, 189),
, .
, ( , 6.2217),
Cistus incanus subsp. creticus (L.) Heywood Cistus salvifolius L., .
,
( ,
12.425218). (
, 1.97219), , , (
) ( ),
220, .

215

Onoj d glukj, sa crnia trmata, sunecwj crwmnJ

atarkej, tr ka j farmakoposhn. Asthrj d leukj ka mlaj onoj yucrj p t lkea ndcetai, yucrj di tn qrmhn.
Oria d, sa mn yxioj eneka katacetai netai mbptetai, j dwr yucrtaton sa d styioj, mlaj onoj, ka
eria katanai, oon ka flla teutlwn qnia bptetai p
t plesta sa d ti styioj, oon kisso flla, leukj, ka
sa strufntera yaqurtera, oon kstoj te ka btoj, oj
skutodeyik, lelsfakoj, ka sa malqssein de, oon lhton
fqn.

. ( )

, , .
216
totJ d palefein dj tj mrhj didnai,
niyamnhn dati clier yen d n t dati ka kisqn ka lelsfakon.
(. , , .
, 1967) .
,
14 .
, 5 ,
. (1982) , 203 ,
.
217
Edh d ka diafora kaq' kaston tn
erhmnwn es tn mn fanerterai tn d
fansterai. ka gr ksqou do gnh diairosi,
t mn rren t d qlu, t t mn mezon ka
sklhrteron ka liparteron enai ka t nqoj
piporfurzon mfw d moia toj groij doij,
pln lttw ka osma.
218

.
ksqoj, n nioi ksqaron kssaron kalosi, qmnoj stn n petrdesi tpoij fumenoj, polkladoj, xuldhj,
oc yhlj, flla cwn perifer, strufn, <mlana,> dasa
nqh sper aj, <p mn to rrenoj mprfura,> p d
to qleoj leuk.
219

220

sti d ka teron edoj ksqou, kalomenon p' nwn

ldon, qmnoj kat t at fumenoj t ksqJ, makrtera
d t flla cei ka melntera, liparan tin kat t ar

135

 (1914) Cistus incanus L.,

Cistus salvifolius L. Cistus incanus subsp. creticus (L.) Heywood.
Cistus incanus subsp. creticus (L.)
Heywood ,
.
.
Cistus monspeliensis L.

loth, .
Commiphora
( Burseraceae).
Cistus
.

- ,
. 221
(Attaguile et al., 2000).
(myricetin) (Dimas et al., 2000)
(clerodane) (labdane),
(Demetzos et al., 1999, Kolocouris et al., 2001 Demetzos et al., 2001).
Cistus incanus ssp. creticus L.
(labdane) (Demetzos et al., 2002).
: 6,5% - (-cadinene), 5,6% - (-cadinene),
5,4% (viridiflorol), 6,3% (bulnesol), 3,8%
(ledol), 3,8% - (-copaene), 3,4% - (-selinene), 3,3%
(cubenene), 9,9% (manoyl oxide) 3,4% 13--
(13-epi-manoyl oxide).
creticus

. H
pispmena, n fllwn dnamij stuptik kaqsthke, poiosa prj sa ka ksqoj. gnetai d x ato t legmenon
ldanon t flla gr ato nemmenai a agej ka o trgoi
tn liparan nalambnousi t pgwni gnwrmwj ka toj
mhroj prosplattomnhn di t tugcnein xdh, n fairontej lzousi ka potqentai naplssontej magdaj. nioi d
ka scoina pisrousi toj qmnoij ka t prosplasqn atoj lpoj poxsantej naplssousin. krtiston d stin
ato t edej, pclwron, emlakton, liparn, mtocon
mmou yafaraj, htindej. toioton d sti t n KprJ
gennmenon, t mntoi 'Arabikn ka Libukn etelsteron.
221

: kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-Dglucopyranoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-rutinoside, myricetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside,

myricetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside , esculin (Demetzos et al., 1989).

136


. H
. H
,
, (,
.)
. H
, ,
, .
To

1,5-15%
(, 1996).
X
, ,
() . O
I (, 63 203)
. T (,
189)222. O ( , 1.97223)
222

Hn d wsin a trcej, ldanon met odnou nqino

mrou trbe, ka met' onou gcritw
( , 1967).
223
dnamin d cei stuptikn t nqh lea pinmena sn onJ
asthr, qen dusenterikoj rmzei lambanmena dj tj
mraj. kaq' aut d kataplasqnta nomj fsthsi, sn
khrwt d purkauta ka palai lkh tai.

sti d ka teron edoj ksqou, kalomenon p' nwn

ldon, qmnoj kat t at fumenoj t ksqJ, makrtera
d t flla cei ka melntera, liparan tin kat t ar
pispmena, n fllwn dnamij stuptik kaqsthke, poiosa prj sa ka ksqoj. gnetai d x ato t legmenon
ldanon t flla gr ato nemmenai a agej ka o trgoi
tn liparan nalambnousi t pgwni gnwrmwj ka toj
mhroj prosplattomnhn di t tugcnein xdh, n fairontej lzousi ka potqentai naplssontej magdaj. nioi d
ka scoina pisrousi toj qmnoij ka t prosplasqn atoj lpoj poxsantej naplssousin. krtiston d stin
ato t edej, pclwron, emlakton, liparn, mtocon
mmou yafaraj, htindej. toioton d sti t n KprJ
gennmenon, t mntoi 'Arabikn ka Libukn etelsteron.
dnamin d cei qermantikn, malaktikn, nastomwtikn.
sthsi d tj eosaj trcaj mign onJ ka smrnV ka mursinnJ laJ, olj te eprepestraj poie met' onou katacrimenon, ka talgaj meq' dromlitoj odnou gcemenon
qerapeei. poqumitai d ka prj deutrwn kbolj, ka
sklhraj qerapeei tj n mtrv n pess mign, ka taj
nwdnoij ka bhcikaj ka malgmasi crhsmwj megnutai,
koilan te sthsi sn onJ palai poqn sti d ka orhtikn.

137

 .
,
( ),
, ()
. , , ,
, ,
, , ,
.
, () .
.
.

( , , 17), (, 19)
224 (, 22).
(,
IV.2.53).
2 ( ,
), .
, ,
( ,
, 12.27225).
, ,
, ,
.
. .
, ,
, . , ,
.
, . ,
, , ,
. ,
.
, (),
, , ,
. .

. , ,
.
224
Acacia arabica L.,
( , 9.1.2 , 6.11.15).
225
[kz. Per kstou.] Kstoj, ksqaroj, stuptikj qmnoj n t gesei ka pasi toj kat mroj rgoij. t mntoi flla ka o mikro blasto leiwqntej ej tosoto xhranousi ka stfousi, j kolln tramata. t d' nqh
drastiktera, j met' onou pinmena dusenteraj ka gastrj tonaj ka emata ka grthtaj sqai. kataplattmena d t shpedondh tn lkn nnhsin, sti gr
dnamij atn ok gennj xhrantik, scedn pou kat tn
deutran pstasin, p tn summtrwn dh pou sumplhroumnwn. sti d yucrj ej tosoton qmnoj, j cliarj
metcein qermthtoj. d pokistj nomazomnh pol d
ti ka tn fllwn st stuptikwtra, drastikn kanj
frmakon ej panta t odh pqh, oon amatoj na-

138


2 ,
(, 12.28-12.29226)
( )
( ,
12.420 ., , 13.372 .).
(2 3 .)
(, 3.13) () (, 3.30).
( , 11., 14.14, 14.26 15.1.10), o
( , I.202 .204) ( , 7.3.10
7.3.11) o ,
.
(,
1.451227), (, 2.303) 228 (, 2.437).
gwgj, oj gunaikeouj, koiliakj te ka dusenterikj
diaqseij. ll ka wnnnai ti mrion e boulhqehj mn, kluton grthti pleoni gegenhmnon, ntqhsin at tnon ok gennj. otw toi ka stomacikoj piqmasi ka patikoj mgnutai ka ej tn di
tn cidnn ntdoton mblletai sewj neka ka tnou tn swmtwn.
226

[kh. Per ksqou.] Ksqoj ldanon. n mn toj

qermotroij cwroij otoj ksqoj gennmenoj, oc teroj
n t gnei to par' mn, xareton ktsato di t cwron dan ka diaforhtikn qermthta ka kat' mfw to
par' mn dillaxe, t te tn yxin poqsqai ka t
proslaben qermthta. t mn on lla to ksqou paraplsia toj p to par' mn, t d kalomenon ldanon
x ato ggnetai frmakon qermn mn kat tn prthn
pstasin, dh pou sumplhroumnhn, j ka tj deutraj
ptesqai, metcon d ka styej tinoj braceaj, sti d
ka leptomerj tn osan ka di tata malaktikn t sti
metrwj ka diaforhtikn satwj ka dhlonti ka sumpeptikn. odn on qaumastn toj kat mtran xairtwj rmttein at diti prj toj erhmnoij cei ti ka
stuptikn brac, di ka tj eosaj kratnei trcaj. sa
mn gr gr mocqhr kat tj zaj atn stin kdapan, sungei d ka sfggei t styei toj prouj, oj
mpepgasin. lwpekaj d ka fiseij dunatn stin sqai, kn diaforhtikwtraj dunmewj kat ldanon crzonta paqmata. ggnetai gr tata di mocqhroj cumoj,
glscrouj ka pacej, oj t tmnonta ka diaforonta
frmaka mlista xgei ka keno. leptomeroj d' enai
cr dunmewj at ka kista stuptikj, o mn ej tosotn ge leptomeroj ka xhrantikj, j perxhranein te ka
sunekbskesqai toj par fsin qroismnoij atqi cumoj, tn fusikn grthta axnousan tj trcaj. otw
gr ok lwpekaj setai mlln per falkrwsin rgsetai tj qerapeutikj d stin dh tata meqdou.
227

T di ladnou.
Ldanon pbrexon n mursinelaJ ka onJ j mlitoj
cein pcoj ka cre tn kefaln ka pr balaneou ka met bala-

139

 .
[Centranthus ruber (L.) DC.,
Valerianaceae], (
, .131), ( , XVI.146 ..),

, , , ( ,
IX.41) ( , IX.42), ( ,
XII.63), (
, XVI.84). ()
( , XII.55).

(Hippiatrica Berolinensia, 34.14 Appendices ad Hippiatrica Berolinensia, 7229).
neon bltion d' st ka poltricon prosembllein, tinej danton
kalosi, prj misu mroj to ladnou ka cresqai met mursinelaou
nalambanmenon e d ceimn eh ka yucrn coi tn kefaln
kmnwn, ka tn mikr qermainntwn ka raiwtikn prspleke t
bohqmati, oon nrdou lgou ka kuprnou llou tinj leptomeroj
ka edouj bohqmatoj.
228

.
'Aloif qerm, di' j qerapeseij pnta ttanon nqrpwn te ka ppwn, ka pnta krumn ka toj kateyugmnouj sV, ka toj mixrouj gegontaj pokatastseij
ej t kat fsin, ka pnta eumatismn nastelej. lwj
d totou qermteron nergsteron odn oden atr
ppiatr naggraptai frmakon od' nagrafsetai. cei
d otwj
Ambaroj $, mscou $, xulalhj $, kinnammou $,
karuofllou $, nardostcuoj $, pepreoj leuko $,
pepreoj koino $, pepreoj makro $, fllou $, ziggberoj $, karwn rwma(tikn) $, mmou $, kstou
$, kalmou rwmatiko $, xulobalsmou $, karpobalsmou $, kuperou $, murobalnou $, kasaj $, sconou nqouj $, kassmou $, <z>arnab $, samycou
$, rewj 'Illurikj $, galagg $, drkhj $, sspou $, kardammou $, kalamnqhj $, sdou $,
glcwnoj $, meliltou $, | lkuonou $, kastorou $,
eforbou $, purqrou $, skordwn $, kprou periste(rj) $, dafndwn $, sinpewj $, snwnoj Suriako $, kcruoj $, phgnou sprmatoj $, stafdoj
graj $, qeou prou $, gnou sprmatoj $, petroselnou sprmatoj $, platukumnou $, melanqou $,
afnou sprmatoj $, kardmou sprmatoj $, gomftou
$, ladnou $, zugaj $, mastchj $, libnou $,
mnnhj $, psshj xhrj $, Kolofwnaj a, htnhj
fruktj a, htnhj grj a, terebinqnhj a, popnakoj $, bdlliou z, mmwniako z, sagapnou $,
xo a, khro g, calbnhj $, markitou $, neurocalastiko $, ospou gro $, statoj lontoj $,
statoj rkeou $, statoj lpekoj $, statoj taureou
$, statoj lafeou $, statoj coireou $, statoj chneou $, statoj nhssaou $, statoj rniqeou $, statoj gupj $, statoj fasiano $, statoj gernou $,
boutrou $, muelo lfou $, medoulou $, mosce229

140



.
T Cistus incanus subsp.
creticus (L.) Heywood, (
). Pierre Belon,

16 ., 7
230 () .
() ,
.
(, 1970-1975, . 383-384).

Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, 18 . (Tournefort, 1717).
, Thevenot ,
.
(, 1970-1975,
. 567). () ,
Cistus incanus subsp. creticus (L.) Heywood,
laou $, | pobalsmou a, glcwnoj laou a, nardnou laou h, kitrelaou h, kuprinelaou h, zmbakoj laou $, dafnnou laou h, afannou laou
h, gleuknou laou h, samy(o)ucnou laou h, rnou
laou h, Sikuwnou laou h, sturakoelaou h,
mugdalnou laou h, mursnou laou h, scinnou laou
h, kiknou laou h, camaimhlnou laou h, phganelaou h, nhqelaou h, phgelaou h, petrelaou h,
masticnou laou $, skeuj h, nfqhj leukj h,
nfqhj melanhj h, Kolofwnaj laou $, katzarelaou
h, dvdelaou h, pisselaou h, kapnelaou h, lwpekeou laou h, agerou laou htioukhtr $, galj
laou h, laou palaio t rkon.
skeuzetai d tn trpon toton tj botnaj ka t sprmata ka t rwmatik pnta kpte ka sqe lept kosknJ,
ka tn mscon ka tn xulalhn ka t mbar ka t kinnmwmon ka t karufullon ka t pperi ka t fllon
ka t efrbion ka t kastrion ka t preqron ka t
kcru ce dwj | seshsmna. t d loip pnta yei t
laJ t palai kanj, ka met t yhqnai at kpisaj
prripte. eta pmballe t thkt pnta nalelumna dwj
ka diulismna, eta t laia, ka yei mikrn. ka aqij
pembaln tn mscon ka tn xulalhn ka t kinnmwmon
ka t karufullon ka t efrbion ka t pperi ka t
mbar ka t fllon ka t kcru ka t kastrion ka t
preqron tetrimmna ka seshsmna, eta t mosclaion ka
t kitrlaion ka t poblsamon ka t afninon laion
ka t <n>rdinon laion ka t kprinon laion ka t
glcwnoj laion, yei plin p malqako purj mikrn ka
raj potqei n elnJ ggeJ ka cr j ti mlista ka
daimonwj dokmJ.
230

Les observations de plusieurs singularitz et choses mmorables trouves en Grce, Asie, Jude,
gypte et autres pays trangers rdiges en trios livres, par Pierre Belon du Mans. 1553. Paris.

141

 . (1763),

. 19 .
Gaudry231, , .
20 . ,
.
.
90-120 cm,
,
30 cm ( ).
.
.
,
(, 1914).
, .
T , , ,
.
18 . (Gummi Ladanum, Ladanum),
( )
( ). 20 .
(, 1914).
O (1916)
,
. O ,
, Cistus salvifolius L.,
232. Grieve (1931)
, ,
. O (1969)
. Cistus creticus
[ Cistus incanus ssp. creticus (L.) Heywood]

( , 1916),
. T Cistus incanus L.
, Cistus salvifolius L.
, .
,
.
1980
, .
(15 ) 1
500 ml (, ..b)
231

Jean Albert Gaudry (1827-1908), .

Cornelis de Bruijn (1652-1726 1727), 1683.
Richard Pococke (1704-1765) (
Georgiades, 1987).
232
Cazin: Plantes Mdicales La Lierre, . & , 1948.

142

 (Labdanum Ladanum)
, Cistus ladanifer L.,
( , ) Cistus incanus ssp.
creticus (L.) Heywood. Cistus
. ,

. Cistus
incanus L., Cistus incanus subsp. creticus (L.) Heywood Cistus monspeliensis L.,

, (in vitro) (in vivo)
(Bouamama et al., 1999, Demetzos et al., 1999, Kolocouris et al., 2001 Demetzos
et al., 2001),
(Attaguile et al., 2000).
(myricetin) (Dimas et al., 2000) ,
(clerodane) (labdane),
(Demetzos et al., 1999, Kolocouris et al., 2001 Demetzos et al., 2001),
(in vivo)
.

, . ,

.
. , ,
, ,
, .
, () .
.

143


Malva sylvestris L.
Malva rotundifolia L.
Malva parviflora L.
: Malvaceae
: Flores et Folia Malvae
: , ,
:
: common mallow (M. sylvestris)
: grande mauve
: Wilde Malve
: ,
:
: , , ,
, ( )
: , , ,
: -,
, , ,
(- , ,
, - ,
, , , ),
( , , ,
), , ,
, -,

: - ( )
:
: - ( )
: 8 16 gr , 2 4 ml (3
), ..
120 gr 500 ml
:
:

, ,
( , 2.118233).
Malva
233

molch dwdimwtra khpeut mllon tj cersaaj,

kakostmacoj d ka ekolioj, ka mllon o kaulo, ntroij
d ka kstei flimoj.

144

, , . T
,
, . T
A, B1, B2 C (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
X
,
(.. , , 41).
,
, ,

(, 2.52234).
(89), -
(480).

234

MALACAI. `Hsodoj (opp. 41)

od' son n malcV te ka sfodlJ mg' neiar.
toto 'Attikn. g d, fhsn, n polloj ntigrfoij eron to 'Antifnouj Mnwoj di to o gegrammnon (II 75 K)
trgontej molchj zan.
ka 'Epcarmoj (p. 275 L)
... prateroj gwge molcaj.
Fainaj d' n toj Futikoj fhsi (FHG II 300) tj
mrou malchj spermatikj tpoj kaletai plakoj, mferj n at t mn gr ktendej nlogon kaqper to plakontoj krhpj, kat mson
d to plakountiko gkou t kntron mfalikn.
ka perilhfqeshj tj krhpdoj moion gnetai toj
qalattoij perigegrammnoij cnoij. d Sfnioj
Dfiloj store j malch stn eculoj, leantik rthraj, tj pipolaouj pokrnousa drimthtaj. pitdein te ena fhsin atn toj tn nefrn ka tj kstewj reqismoj ekkritn te enai
metrwj ka trfimon, krettw d tn gran tj
khpeuomnhj. Ermippoj d' Kallimceioj (FHG
III 40) ka ej tn kaloumnhn fhsn limon prosti
te diyon mbllesqai tn malchn osan crhsimwtthn.

145

 ( , 2.118235)
, ,
, , .
,
, .
,
,
. ,
236
. ,
(
, 12.66237).
( , 2.3.1238).

. T (Flores et Folia Malvae), , (Althaea officinalis L.,
Malvaceae). T ,
.
.
, . T
, ,
235

dnamin d cei t flla m mashqnta ka piplasqnta met' lgwn ln agilpia naskeuzein prj mntoi
tn polwsin dca tn ln crhston at. poie d ka prj
sfhkn ka melissn plhgj kataplassomnh kn pericrshtai d tij atoj moj leoij sn laJ, plhktoj diamnei
met d orou kataplasqnta craj ka ptura tai. fq
d lea t flla sn laJ pitiqmena purkauta ka rusiplata fele. t d fyhma atj malaktikn gkqisma
straj, ej te nmata prj dhgmoj ntrwn ka mtraj ka
daktulou rmdion. d zwmj sn taj zaij bohqe ymenoj psi toj qanasmoij xern d de sunecj pnontaj.
fele d ka falaggiodktouj ka gla katasp. d karpj migntoj at lwto grou sprmatoj pinmenoj met'
onou t per kstin lgmata paei.
236

, Trifolium alexandrinum L., Fabaceae.

[g. Per malchj ka lqaaj.] Malch mn gra
diaforhtikj trma ka malaktikj p brac metcei dunmewj. d khpeuomnh kaq' son datdouj grthtoj
metelhfe, kat tosoton ka sqenestra tn dnamin
prcei. d karpj atj ej tosoton scurterj stin,
ej son ka xhrteroj. sti d ka dendromalch kaloumnh totou to gnouj, ll diaforhtikwtth tn erhmnwn. nomzetai d ka lqaa.

237

238

Per malchj.
Ecei ti glscron malch, tj qrdakoj m coshj, pokecrhk te safj to ycein. prcetai d t lcanon toto
vdwj, ka mlista tan <met'> laou ka grou dayilj tij at
sugkatapV metrwj d' cei kat tn pyin.

146

 239.
. T
, , , , ,
.
. O
. ,
( ), ,
. .
( & ,
1981).
(10:1000), (15-30:1000),
(espces emollients240)
(10:1000), (quatre fleurs
pectorales241). T ,
60:1000 (Grieve, 1931).

,
.
Yin
, .
, , ,
. , ,
,
-, .
.
8 16 gr 6 12 ml ( 3 2 4 ml).

242 (Tomoda et al., 1989 Gonda et al., 1990).

239

O (Picci,
1980).
240
(Malva spp.), (Althaea officinalis L.),
(Verbascum thapsus L.), (Parietaria officinalis L.) (Senecio
spp.) (Davies et al., 1828).
241
(30-50 gr 1 lt , 4-6 )
(Borago officinalis L.), , (Verbascum thapsus L., V. densiflorum Bertol.,
V. phlomoides L.) (Papaver rhoeas L.).
(Tussilago farfara L.).
Antennaria dioica (L.) Gaertn.,
(Viola tricolor L.).
242

, .

(),
. ,
. .
,
.
, ,

147


, , ( )
-, ,
, , .
- (, ,
) - (, ,
, ).
( , , , ),
, ,
, ,
, -, .

().
, .

148


Papaver rhoeas L.
: Papaveraceae
: Florae Rhoeados
: , ,
: ,

: common poppy, corn poppy

: coquelicot
: Klatschmohn
: ,
:
: , , ,

: , ,
:
(, ),
, ( , ,
, ),
(, ), ,
, ,
: -
:
: - ( ),
: 4-10 gr 1 lt , 10-50 gr, 6-12 ml
( )
:
:

243 (, , 9.12.4
, , 4.63244),
(. ). ,
243

, ,
.
244
mkwn oij nmastai di t tacwj t nqoj
pobllein fetai d n roraij roj, te ka sullgetai.
oike d t flla [rignJ ezmJ ] kicorJ qmJ, pescismna, makrtera d ka tractera kauln d <cei> scoindh, rqion, tracn, j pcewj, nqoj foinikon, note d
leukn, moion t tj graj nemnhj kefal d promkhj,
tton mntoi tj nemnhj, karpj purrj, za pimkhj,
pleukoj, daktlou cousa mikro pcoj, pikr.

149

 ( , 4.64)245 Papaver
somniferum L. (, , .306, , , 536 ,
, 1.11.2),
Papaver somniferum L., Papaver
somniferum L. subsp. setigerum (DC.) Arcang. ( , 4.64),
. ,
Papaver argemone L. ( , 2.177)246.

,
(Anemone spp., Ranunculaceae) ( , 2.176)247.

K Beetz & Ludwig , ,

, , (, ,
), , , , . O Reffort & Chevalier
, .
K L. Meir ,
. O Hesse & Careneuve , ,
, ()
( & , 1948).
(). O
: (0,03% , ,
245

mkwn mn tj stin meroj ka khpeut, j t

sprma rtopoietai ej tn n giev crsin ka sn mliti
d nt shsmhj at crntai kaletai d qulaktij, pmhkej cousa t keflion ka t sprma leukn. d tij
gra, gkaqhmnhn cousa tn kwdan, sprma mlan, d
ka piqtij nomzetai, p' nwn d oij ka at di t
en x atj tn pn. trth d griwtra ka mikrotra ka
farmakwdestra totwn, cousa tn kwdan pimkh.
246

rgemnh lon mn stin moion grv mkwni, t

d fllon nemnV cei moion, scismnon, nqoj foinikon,
kefaln d oikuan mkwni oidi, pimhkestran d ka platean kat t nwqen mrh, zan strogglhn pn d nhsi
krokzonta, drimn.
247

nioi d m dunmenoi diorzein p tj graj nemnhj

tn legomnhn rgemnhn ka tn oida mkwna, per j n
taj mkwsin storsomen (IV 63), di t tn nqn mcroun,
foinkeon prcon, planntai tn Epatrion rgemnhn nomzontej pln tj rgemnhj tton baq t foinikon sti
ka tj oidoj yiateron d ath ka rgemnh nqosi,
ka mn rgemnh pn nhsi krokzonta ka drimn prj
tn gesin scurj, d oij leukteron ka drimn. mfterai d metax keflion mkwni grv paraplsion cousi,
pln t mn tj rgemnhj nwqen pplatu, t d tj oidoj pstenon. a d nemnai ote pn nisin ote kwdan cousin ll' oone spargou kron, n roraij te t
pleon kenai fontai.

150

, , , 1980), , I
II (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
X
, 5-6 3
(115 ml) ,
. (67,5 ml)
.
, .
() ( ,
4.63248).
( , 8249).

(, 4.36). ( ,
12.72250) ,
248

tathj kefalj pnte x n onou kuqoij trisn ysaj, ste ej do gagen, ptize oj n bolV pnsai. to
d sprmatoj son xbafon poqn sn melikrtJ koilan
pwj malssei megnutai d ka melitmasi ka troij prj
t at. t d flla sn taj kwdaij kataplasqnta flegmonj tai ka t pzema d atn prosantlhqn pnopoin stin.

249

[Amo]aga p kstewj.
Esti d ka llh nsoj xea n kstei [gnutai] d fly n
at, ka t mn ti xw diaddwsi to amatoj, t d ti ka esw
pgnutai. Pntwj d t toiata sdh, ka fidronta, ka kra
ycetai, ka ora pilambnetai. Di tacwn on, sper n taj
llaij amoagaij, ka pidsai braconaj, peristryaj rion,
podesmsi, ka spggouj prostiqnai, brcwn xei ka dati,
t piseJ ka t perinJ, ka kataplssein polgonn te ka
bton, ka oij nqh, ka slinon ka korannon, ka scnou flla.
Totwn kaston met plhj lftou kataplssein, ka pukn
fairen, prn enai cliarn.
250

[ig. Per mkwnoj.] Mkwn mn tij oij nomzetai, diti tacwj atj poe t nqoj, d tij meroj, peid khpeetai. ka mn ka do p' ataj esin
terai mkwnej griai, mn oon gkaqhmnhn cousa tn
kwdan, d pimhkestran mn tathj, lh d' axanestra ka acmhrotra. tathj tj mkwnoj pj poe, di d ka tinej nomzousin atn oida. d dnamij pasn yuktik. ll tj mn khpeuomnhj, n d ka
qulaktida prosagoreousi, metrwj stn pndej t sprma leukn fqnai. tata ra ka toj rtoij pipttousin atn ka sn mliti desantej sqousi. tj d prthj hqeshj, j tacwj poen famen t nqoj, scurteron ycei t sprma, ste ok n at mnJ crsait
tij lpwj, sper tj khpeuomnhj mliti mignwn. pndej d stin kanj otw lhfqn, ll' lgon pipttousin atn toj te di mlitoj pmmasi ka troij ka toj
rtoij. tj d trthj hqeshj t sprma mlan prcon

151

, .
. ,
. (
) .
.
,
. 4 , ,

.
.
( , 11..11251)
dh farmakdj stin kanj ycon. d tetrth hqesa
farmakwdestth pasn sti ka kat t sprma ka kat
tj kwdeaj ka kat t flla ka kat tn pn scurj gr ycei mcri nrkhj gousa ka nekrsewj, qen
atro t crsasqai kalj at, mignnta farmkoij
mblnousi t tj yxewj scurn. sti gr k tj tetrthj scthj te txewj tn yucntwn. j d' n tij mlista meqdJ poioto tn mxin, o tj nestshj pragmateaj dion, ll tj per sunqsewj farmkwn, n fexj
tde grfomen.
251
Mkwn oij nmastai d di t tacwj t nqoj pobllein. fetai d' n roraij aroj tte ka sullgetai. oike t
flla rignJ kicorJ qmJ, pescismna, makrtera kauln
d scoindh, rqn, pacn j pcewj nqoj foinikon, note d
leukn, moion t tj nemnhj karpj purrj za d' pomkhj,
pleukoj ka daktlou cousa mikro pcoj.
Mikr mkwn mn tj stin meroj ka khpeut, j t
sprma rtopoietai prj tn n giev crsin, ka sn mliti d' nt
shsmhj at crntai qulaktij d kaleta tij pmhkej cousa t
keflion t sprma leukn. d tij gra gkaqhmnhn cousa tn
kwdan, sprma mlan d ka pictij nomzetai, p' nwn d
oij ka at di t en tn pn. trth d' griwtra ka farmakwdestra ka mikrotra totwn, cousa tn kwdan pimkh. krtistoj d' stn pj puknj ka barj n te t sm karwtikj,
pikrj n t gesei ecerj te dieimnoj dati, leoj, leukj, o
tracj ote qromboeidj ote sustrefmenoj n t dihqesqai j
khrj, n te t lJ teqej diacemenoj ka prj lcnon xaptmenoj o zofdei flog, fulsswn te met t sbesqnai tn n t
sm dnamin. dolosi d' atn glakion mignntej kmmi qrdakoj graj culn sti d' mn k to glaukou krokzwn n t
nsei, d' k tj qrdakoj xthloj t sm ka tracteroj, ka
k to kmmewj tonoj ka diaugj. nioi d' ej tosoton ponoaj
paragnontai j ka gj mignnai at. fgnutai d' ej t fqalmik p' strkou kaino, wj malakj ka kirrj fan. ok topon
d' pogryai ka tn trpon, tn pn sullgousin o mn on
tj kwdaj met tn fllwn kptontej kqlbousi di piestroj
ka trbontej n quev naplttousi trocskouj kaletai d t toioton
mhknion, dransteron n to po. pzontaj d de met t tj
drsouj xikmasqnai perigrfein macairJ tn sterskon j m
ej t ntj diatrsai, ka k plagwn d tj kwdaj eqeaj ktmnein pipolj ka poyn t dkruon t percmenon daktlJ
ej maka ka plin piporeesqai met' o pol ersketai gr
pisunestj, ka t piosV d' ersketai. de d ka toto trbontaj n quev naplttein ka potqesqai n mntoi t
tmnein psw nacwren de prj t m yasqai p tn matwn

152

 .
, ,
.
, .
, ,
(5-10 gr 1 lt. ) (Sir. Rhoeados),
( 10-50 gr) (, 1972 Schauenberg & Paris,
1981).
(, 1980). O (1969)
, ,
. T ,
, ,
. T ,
( ), , 252
. O Cazin ,
, ,
( Papaver
somniferum L.). ,
. 12 ,
(Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Fabaceae) 1,5 lt. ,

.
,
( & , 1948). O Gerard,
Papaver rhoeas L. (Wilde Poppy)
Papaver somniferum L., (The Herbal, 55).
Holmes (1997)
, .
, ,
, ,
,
.
, , , .
4 10 gr 6 12 ml (1:5, 3 2 4 ml).

.

Papaver rhoeas L.
(Soulimani et al., 2001).

tn pn.
252

Picci, 1980.

153


,
, . ()
, ,
, ,
, .

, , , .

154

 3:

155


Hedera helix L.
: Araliaceae
:
: (), ,
,
:
: ivy
: lierre
: Efeu
: , ()
: [ (Holmes, 1997)].
: ,
:
: ,
, ,
( , .. , ), (
), , (
)
: (, )
:
: ().
: 0,5 1,5 gr ( ), 4-8 ( )
: Di Jin Cao (Euphorbia humifusa L., Hedera
rhombea S. et Z., Parthenocissus thunbergii Nakai)
: , ,

( ),
, ,
. ,
, .
: , (
, 3.18.6-3.18.10253).
253

Polueidj d kittj ka gr pgeioj, d

ej yoj armenoj ka tn n yei plew gnh.
tra d' on fanetai t mgista te leukj ka
mlaj ka trton lix. edh d ka kstou
totwn plew. leukj gr mn t karp
mnon, d ka toj flloij st. plin d tn
leukokrpwn mnon mn drn ka puknn ka

156

sunesthkta tn karpn cei kaqapere sfaran,

n d kalos tinej korumban, o d' 'AqnVsin
'Acarnikn. d lttwn diakecumnoj sper
ka mlaj cei d ka mlaj diaforj ll'
oc mowj fanerj.
`H d lix n megstaij diaforaj ka gr
toj flloij pleston diafrei t te mikrthti
ka t gwnoeid ka eruqmtera enai t d to
kitto periferstera ka pl ka t mkei
tn klhmtwn ka ti t karpoj enai. diatenontai gr tinej t m pokittosqai t
fsei tn lika ll tn k to kitto teleioumnhn. (e d psa pokittotai, kaqper tinj
fasin, likaj n eh ka diaqsewj ok edouj
diafor, kaqper ka tj pou prj tn
crda.) pln t ge fllon ka tathj pol
diafrei prj tn kittn. spnion d toto ka
n lgoij stn ste palaiomenon metabllein,
sper p tj lekhj ka to krtwnoj. edh
d' st plew tj likoj, j mn t profanstata ka mgista laben tra, te cloer ka
poidhj per ka plesth, ka tra leuk, ka
trth poiklh, n d kalos tinej Qrvkan.
ksth d totwn doke diafrein ka gr tj
clodouj mn leptotra ka taxifullotra
ka ti puknofullotra, d' tton pnta tat'
cousa. ka tj poiklhj mn mezon d'
latton t fllon, ka tn poikilan diafrousa. satwj d ka t tj leukj t
megqei ka t croi diafrousin. eauxestth
d poidhj ka p pleston proosa. fanern
d' ena fasin tn pokittoumnhn o mnon toj
flloij ti mezw ka plattera cei ll
ka toj blastoj eqj gr rqoj cei, ka
oc sper tra katakekammnh, ka di tn
leptthta ka di t mkoj tj d kittdouj
ka bracteroi ka pacteroi. ka kittj
tan rchtai spermosqai metwron cei ka
rqn tn blastn.
Polrrizoj mn on paj kittj ka puknrrizoj sunestrammnoj taj zaij ka xuldesi ka
paceaij ka ok gan baqrrizoj, mlista d'
mlaj, ka to leuko tractatoj ka gritatoj di' ka calepj parafesqai psi toj
dndroij pllusi gr pnta ka fauanei
parairomenoj tn trofn. lambnei d mlista
pcoj otoj ka podendrotai ka gnetai at
kaq' at kitto dndron. j d' p t pleon
enai prj trJ file ka zhte ka sper
pallkauln stin. cei d' eqj ka tj
fsej ti toioton k gr tn blastn fhsin
e zaj n mson tn fllwn, asper ndetai
toj dndroij ka toj teicoij oon xepthdej
pepoihmnaij p tj fsewj di' ka xairomenoj tn grthta ka lkwn fauanei, ka n
pokop ktwqen dnatai diamnein ka zn.
cei d ka tran diaforn kat tn karpn o
mikrn mn gr pglukj stin d sfdra

157

 : ,
, .
, Hedera helix L.
subsp. poetarum Nyman254,
.

, (.. ,
78.150).
: , ( , 2.179255).
(, ),
(, ).
B
.
A (Flamen Dialis)
P256
. ,
. E K
A (, , 1.31.6 Frazer, 1922).

O & (1948)
.
,
. , ,
. H
. . O Pelletier
, , ,
( & , 1948). O

pikrj ka to leuko ka to mlanoj shmeon

d' ti tn mn sqousin o rniqej tn d' o.
t mn on per tn kittn otwj cei.
254

(Naturalis Historiae, XXV.75-XXV.77) hedera

chrysocarpon ( ).
255
kissj pollj cei diaforj tj kat' edoj, tj
d genikwttaj trej lgetai gr mn tij leukj d mlaj
d lix. ka mn leukj leukn frei karpn, d
mlaj mlana krokzonta, n d nioi Dionsion kalosin,
d lix karpj t sti ka lept cei t klmata ka t
flla lept, gwnioeid, eruqma.
256

15 (flamines)
flamines maiores, (
Flamen Martialis Flamen Quirinalis). Flamen Dialis
( .) ,
, , (Smith, 1875).
(.
Frazer, 1922).

158

Hondar257 ,
. Y ,
.
(, gum) ,
.
- - (hederin), (elixen), (emetine),
(hederacosides), (hederagenin),
(isochlorogenic acid) . (Duke, 1992b).
X
. E B.
A
. T ,
,
258 (Muenscher, 1949).

( , 5).
( , 9259).
:
260 (, , 58261 ,
149.18), (, , 66262),
(, 104263), (, 105),
257

Planchon, 1899, Precis de Matire Mdicale, . 1062 ( &

, 1948).
258
: (falcarinol)
(didehydrofalcarinol) (Hausen et al., 1987).
259
Hn d flegmanV, kisso zan ysaj n dati, tryaj leon, leuron xummsgwn j klliston, n
onJ leuk fursaj, kataplssein, ka leifa prj totoij xummxaj.
, , ,
() .
.
260
, (,
1982).
261
Hn metakinhqwsin a mtrai, kissn j xhrtaton tryaj leon, dsaj j qnion,
prosscein
262

Hn lkea ggnhtai tosin adooisi ka xusmj lambnV,

lahj flla ka kisso ka btou ka oij glukehj tryaj lea,
onJ palai diej, peita labn srka potainhn, prosqenai, ka
kataplsai tosi flloisi, ka ctw tn nkta wqen d xelomnh, mursnhn n onJ feyosa, t onJ diakluzsqw t adoa.
, , ,
(Rubus fruticosus) (Rosa sp.), ,
, , .
(Myrtus communis)
.
263
Klusmo mursnhj flla ka dfnhj ka kisso n dati clier klzein.
,
(Laurus nobilis) .

159

 (, , 78.150264),
(,
78.206), (, 78.236),
(, 90.25),
(, 193.13) (, 194.1),
()265 (, 212.2).
:
(, 23266) (, 199.4).
,
( , 2.179267).
( ,
) .

.
( ),
264

Allo prosqetn to kisso to leuko tn karpn ka kdrou prsma tryasa ka

balnia poisasa prostiqsqw.
: , (Juniperus spp.),
() .
265
, . Littr
. ,
, , 65, .
(. .. ,
, 12.959.
266
Hn d qlVj xullaben, to kisso pt kkkouj, tn
fllwn kat mna pnein n onJ palai, pauomnwn tn pimhnwn
( ),
,
267
pj d kissj drimj sti, stuptikj, to neurdouj ptikj. poie d t mn nqh ato toj tris daktloij lhmfqnta
ka poqnta sn onJ prj dusenteraj dj d de tj mraj
pnein ka prj purkauta d rmzei sn khrwt leianqnta.
t d pal tn fllwn ymena sn xei m leiainmena
splna tai inegcutotai d culj tn fllwn ka tn
kormbwn sn rnJ mliti ntrJ prj t crnia tj kefalj lgmata ka pibrcetai sn xei ka odnJ, talgaj
te ka puorroonta ta sn laJ tai. to d mlanoj kisso culj ka o krumboi poqntej gonan poiosi, ka
tarssousi tn dinoian pleonasqntej leanqnta d sfaira
pnte tn kormbwn ka qermanqnta sn odnJ n sidJ ka
nstacqnta ej t ntikemenon oj p dontalgaj t lghma pranei, melanousi d ka trcaj o krumboi. kataplssetai d t flla prj pn lkoj yhqnta sn onJ,
ka katakamata <ka> kakoqh ka fhldaj qerapeei kataplasqnta, j proerhtai, fq. kinosi d ka katamnia
poqntej <> poqumiaqntej <o krumboi leoi, ka poqntej>
d met tn kqarsin dracmj plqoj tkin sti. ka
mscoj d tn fllwn mliti deuqej ka prosteqej t mtrv
mmhna ka mbrua gei, d culj nstazmenoj tj n qwsi duswdaj ka shpednaj kkaqarei. t d dkruon ato yilo trcaj ka fqeraj ktenei paleifmenon, d tn
izn culj sn xei poqej falaggiodktoij bohqe.

160

 ( ),
.
()
.

.
.
, ,
.
,
(3,4 gr) .
.
(
). ()
,
.
(Naturalis Historiae, XXV.75XXV.77).
,
, .
, .

,
( , 12.30268).

( , 12.561).
( ) (
) (, 12.586, , , 12.589), (,
12.647), (, 12.959), (, 13.317).
( , ,
268

[kq. Per kisso.] Kissj x nantwn sgkeitai dunmewn, cei mn gr ti ka stuptikj osaj, n d gedh
yucrn deknumen prcein, cei d ka drimeaj, n qermn enai ka gesij marture, ka trthn d' p tataij
datdouj osaj metcei cliarj, ge clwrj. n gr t
xhranesqai tathn mn ngkh diaforesqai prthn, polepesqai d tn gewdestran, tn te yucrn ka tn stfousan ka tn qermn tn drimean. ll' ge clwrj
yhqntwn tn fllwn sn onJ ka tn meglwn traumtwn st kollhtikj ka tn kakohqeumnwn atikj.
poulo d ka tj k purj lkseij. sn xei d' yhqnta
t flla splhnikoj fele. t d nqh ato scurter
pj stin, j met khrwtj leiomena toj purikatoij
rmttein. d culj sti mn ka inon frmakon ka
t crnia d tn twn tai emata ka tn lkn t
palai kat te t ta ka tj naj. j n d drimteroj fanhtai, odnJ laJ gluke mgnutai. t d dkruon ato fqeraj ktenei ka trcaj yilo, qermj ej
tosoton prcon dunmewj, j kaein mudrj. sti gr
oon datdhj tij pj, sper ka lla dkrua.

161

12.652).
( , , 12.861 12.869),
(, 13.242 13.255). ,
,
( , .205269). ,
17 . Gerard (The Herbal, 135)
,
.
,
. (1:10)
10-20 ,
.
( ) (, 1972 Schauenberg & Paris,
1981). T , A-, ,
, , 1:10.
270.

. O Baillon ,
( )
3-6,5 gr. , 250 ml
. O Celsus . T
,
(), . O
X
, .
.
,
.

. X
. A
, X (1969). O
Planchon271 . K

( & , 1948).

.

.
.
I Istituto di Botanica Aquila
Subequana Abruzzo (
269

fele d ka t dkruon ato ka liqinta pinmenon.

270

: , / , ,
, , .
271
. 3.

162

I),
, ,
(Chichiricco et al., 1980). H

. ,
I
.
, .
10-12
,
( X, 1969), 3 gr.
250 ml ( & , 1948). O
,
(, 1972). 272
, ,
(Commiphora myrrha .). ,

( & , 1948). (1969)
, , ,
. O
,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
Holmes (1997)
, .
.
.
.
( ),
, ,
.
0,5 1,5 gr 4-8
. ,
., , , , ,
, , , , , 273 .
, ,
.
.
.
Di Jin Cao ( Euphorbia humifusa L.)
Hedera rhombea S. et Z. Parthenocissus
thunbergii Nakai, . Di Jin Cao
.
, Qi, , ,
. , ,
272
273

Planchon, . 3.
.

163

, , . 3-6 gr
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).

(Cioaca et al., 1978) (Timon-David et al., 1980)
274. (-
.)
(Elias et al., 1990)
( Leishmania infantum Leishmania tropica, )
(Majester-Savornin et al., 1991). -
( ) (Danloy et
al., 1994). , (Trute et
al., 1997) (Medeiros et al, 2000).

.
( )
.
( , )
.
, . ,
, .
, ,
, , . , ,
,
, , , , .
.
.


. ,
.

.
. (
), , ,
.

274

- Candida albicans (Moulin-Traffort

et al., 1998), (. ).

164


Atropa belladonna L.
: Solanaceae
: Folia Belladonae, Radix
Belladonae
: ,
: ,
: belladonna, deadly nightshade
: belladone
: Schwarze Tollkirsche
:
:
: ,
: , ,
: &
,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, , ,

: -
:
:
: 0,065 0,13 gr (, 1 2 ), 0,016 0,065 gr
( ), 0,059 0,12 ml ( ), 0,059 0,41 ml
()
:
: , 10-15 ,

(Fraas, , 1937-8). O
I
, Solanum nigrum L. (. ).

, ( , 6.2.9275).
275

Tn d' llwn t mn moitera totJ tn

kauln cei <kolon>, kaqper mandragraj ka
t kneion ka llboroj ka nqrikoj t
d' oon nneurkaula tugcnei, kaqper mraqon
muofnon t moia totoij. dioj d karpj to
mandragrou t mlaj te ka agdhj ka ondhj

165

 Atropa belladonna L.
Fraas Gerard (The Herbal, 45).
Gerard dwale sleeping Nightshade.
dwaul,
(Harton & Castle, 1877). (1914) ,
(
, 4.75276).
Fuchs, Atropa belladonna L. Mandragora morion Dollkraut
(Botany, 398). (1986) Mandragora officinarum L.
.
: (, 3.119277),
, , ,
(, 4.75278) (. ).

.

.
enai t cum.
276

mandragraj o d ntmimon, o d bombculon, o

d Kirkaan[, o d Dirkaan] kalosin, peid doke za
fltrwn enai poihtik. sti d' ato mn tij qluj,
mlaj, qridakaj kalomenoj, flla cwn stentera ka mikrtera qrdakoj, brwmdh ka bara kat tn smn, kecumna d p gj, ka par' at mla ooij mfer, cr, edh,
n oj karpj sper pou zai emegqeij, do trej,
ntempeplegmnai lllaij, mlainai kat tn pifneian,
ndoqen d leuka ka pacfloioi kauln d o frei. to
d rrenoj ka leuko, n nioi mrion klesan, flla st
leuk, megla, plata, lea, kaqper tetlou t d mla
diplsia, krokzonta tn cran, edh met brouj tinj,
ka sqousin o poimnej, posj d pokarontai za d
moa t pr atj, mezwn d ka leukotra kauloj d ka
otoj.
277

kirkaa o d dirkaan kalosi. t mn flla cei

strcnJ khpaJ moia, parafudaj d pollj, nqh mlana,
mikr, poll, karpn kegcroeid n tisin oone keratoij,
zaj spiqamiaaj trej tssaraj leukj, edeij, qermantikj mlista n petrdesi fetai tpoij ka [epnooij]
ehloij.
278

storosi d tinej ka tran mrion fuomnhn n paliskoij ka per t ntra, flla cousan moia t leuk mandragrv, mikrtera d j spiqamiaa, leuk, kklJ per tn
zan, osan paln ka leukn, mikr mezona spiqamj, pcoj daktlou meglou, n fasi pinomnhn son dracmn man
met' lftou sqiomnhn n mzV yJ pomwron kaqedei gr nqrwpoj n per n fgV scmati asqanmenoj odenj p raj trej tssaraj, f' o n prosengkhtai. crntai d ka tatV o atro, tan tmnein kaein
mllwsi fas d ka ntdoton enai tn zan pinomnhn
met strcnou to kaloumnou maniko.

166


H Atropa belladonna L. Datura stramonium L.
,
.
, Schmidt 1891
. K
279 (, 1937-8). K
M (1986) DL- L. H ,
. H
.
. Y
, 280.
(apoatropine),

(atropamine),

(belladonnine),

(bellaridine), (esculetin), L- (L-scopolamine),

(nicotine) ., (asparagine), (atropamine),
(atropine), (belladonnine), (choline),
(cuscohygrine), 20 ppm (hellaradine), (homatropine), 2.0008.712 ppm (hyoscyamine), 3.080-7.656 ppm L- (Lhyoscyamine), L- (L-scopolamine), (meteloidine),
(noratropine), (norhyoscyamine), (scopine), 4088 ppm (scopolamine), (scopoletin),
(tropacocaine), (tropine), (umbelliferone) . (Duke,
1992b).
X
,
(Hyoscyamus spp., Mandragora spp. .), M
,
(, 1968). O K
281. B E
, . A
M P,
B. ,

(,
1986). M ,
, ,
E, (Atropa belladonna L.),
279

Mein 1833 .
DeWevre, , 1937-8.
281
, 1985. , 1986.
280

167

 (Datura stramonium L.) (Mandragora officinarum L.)

. O
,
(Miller, 1985 , 1991).

(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). H belladonna
, ( 1500, . Pezzella,
..)
, (Farrington, 1908).

, ( ) ,
, ( ,
9.9.1282). (3,4 gr.)
3-4 .

. (
Datura metel L., )
( , 4.75).
,
Atropa belladonna L. ( , 11..3).

.
, (Atropa belladonna L.), (Withania
somnifera L.) ( Datura metel L.),
,
(Mandragora officinarum L. M. autumnalis L.), (Hyoscyamus albus
L., H. niger L. H. aureus L.) (Papaver somniferum L.,
Papaveraceae).
,
1 . .. Novaesium, Neuss
(Majno, 1975).
O (1916) ( ,
1183) 0,065 0,26 gr (1-4 )
, , (;).
Felter & Lloyd (1898)
, ,
, .
() 0,065 0,13 gr (1 2 grains), 1 2 ,

282

to gr mandragrou t
fllon crsimon ena fasi prj t lkh met'
lftou, tn d zan prj ruspelaj xusqesn
te ka xei deuqesan ka prj t podagrik ka
prj pnon ka prj fltra didasi d' n onJ
xei tmnousi d trocskouj sper afandoj
ka nerantej pr glekouj krmasan p
kapn.

168

. 0,016 0,065 gr
(1/4 1 grains), 0,059 0,41 ml (1 7 minims),
0,059 0,12 ml (1 2 minims).
,
283.

(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
.
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, .
.
(, 1972).
(Folia Belladonae) ,
, , , , . T

.
.
H .
10-15 . O Mller
. O
Brouardel et al. ,
. E,
1868 ,
.
(Heindl et al., 2000).

( , 1937-8). M

( 6,36 mgr )
(Hoffer & Osmond, 1967).

(Berney & Wolfensberger, 2000).
(
.).

. H
,
, ( ,
), ( ,
.), ( )
. O (1937-8)
, .
, ,
. O
283

H (Picci, 1980).

169

, , , , ,
, , , ,
284, 285
286 (, 1980). O M (1986)
10 mgr
, ,
.
, . H
, ,
. H
, ,

(delirium tremens) . A

. H
.

.
, .
STP ( DOM, )
, . O
(Physostigma spp.,
Fabaceae), ,
. E ,
. H
,
(, 1986).
, ,
, ,
, , .
Parkinson,
287. H ,
, .
I ,
, , 288, .
K
Parkinson
(, 1980). H
,
. T asthmador,
, 4,5% 50,4%
(Stafford, 1977).
284

Downing, 1964 Goldenberg, 1957.

Kalinowsky & Hoch, 1961.
286
, 1976.
287
Forrer, 1951 Forrer et al., 1956.
288
, 1976.
285

170

 O
Hahnemann. T .
, , , , 289,
, , , ,
, (Boericke, 1927, Farrington,
1908 Dubey, 1990). E
, .
A , , ,
, , , .
, (Dubey,
1990).

(Stieg, 1977) (Chopra et al., 1992).

(Balzarini et al.,
2000).

.
,
,
(). , ,
, , , ,
, , .
, , , .

.
.

289

171

 4:

172


Datura stramonium L.
: Solanaceae
:
: , , ,
,
: ,
, , ,
: thorn apple, zombies
cucumber, jimson weed, angels trumpet,
devils weed, tolguacha, Jamestown weed
: datura stramoine,
stramoine officinal
: Gemeine Stechapfel,
Weie Stechapfel
: 3 (2 ),
2 ( )
:
:
:
: & , ,
, , ,
: -
:
: ()
: 3,2 gr (), 1 gr 0,20 gr (), 0,3 0,45 gr ().
: Yang Jin Hua ( D. stramonium L. D.
metel L. var. alba Tep.).
:

Datura 15-20 ,
3 (Schultes & Hoffmann, 1980):
1. Stramonium, 3 .
2. Dutra, 6
3. Ceratocaulis, ,
Brugmansia spp., 6-7 ,
(Mace et al., 1999).
Datura metel L.

. Yang Jin Hua ( Datura metel
L. D. stramonium L.) man to lo hua Bencao
173

Gangmu (, Li Shizhen 1578) (Hong-Yen et al., 1986).

Hua Tuo (145-208 ..),
(Chu, 2004). Datura metel L. jouzmathel (Abu ibn Sina) 11 .
da dhu ra
Vajrabhairava (Siklos, 1993).
(Geeta & Gharaibeh, 2007). 1578 Christoval Acosta
290.
Datura metel L. ,
, (Schultes & Hoffmann, 1980), (Tutin et al.,
1964-1976).
(50%) Dutra (Datura inoxia Mill.
Datura ferox L.) (Mace et al., 1999). ,

(Symon & Haegi, 1991 Cavazos et al., 2000).
Datura stramonium L.
. O
Linnaeus 1753, A
Munz, Datura
stramonium L. A,
291 (Schultes & Hofmann, 1980). E
M (1986) 16 .
,
.
, (DeCandolle, 1885, Safford,
1920 Baumann, 1982292).
1500,
293. T BA
N. A, Datura metel
L. Datura stramonium L.
294. K
, Datura stramonium L.,
E295.
Datura Brugmansia (Mace et al., 1999).
290

Tractado de las Drogas y Medicinas de las Indias Orientales (1578).

Davis (1988) Schultes Datura
Yaqui ,
I
E (. Atropa belladonna L.).
292
Grieve (1931) Datura stramonium L.
I E .
293
Pezzela.
1492.
294
H Flora of the Guianas,

Smithsonian Institution (BDG).
295
Davis (1988) Catalogus Florae
Domingensis R. M. Moscoso (Pt. I, New York, L&S Printing, 1943).
291

174

 datura Linnaeus
(dhatura dutra),
. T
E datora tatorah.
Datura
: dhattraka, unmatta, dhustura.
Vatsyayana (1-6 . .X.,
Kama Sutra, 7.2) Kalyana Malla (15 16 . .X.,
Ananga Ranga, app.II296). Jolly (1951),
Susruta Samhita, Astangasamgraha
Astangahrdayasamhita. ,
(ahiphena) .
dhatura Sarngadhara Sarngadharasamhita,
1300 (Wujastyk, 1998).
(1914) (
, 9.11.5297) ( ,
4.72298) Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, ,
( , 9.11.6299)
296

Burton (1885), ,
(rasayana) 1842,
.
297
Sunnumoi d ka o strcnoi ka o tiqmalloi. tn gr strcnwn mn pndhj d
manikj. ka mn pndhj ruqrn cwn tn
zan sper ama xhrainomnhn, ruttomnhn d
leukn, ka karpn ruqrteron krkou, fllon
d tiqumllJ moion mhlv t glukev ka
at das ka pugmn mga. totou tj zhj
tn floin kptontej lan ka brcontej n onJ
krtJ didasi pien ka poie kaqedein. fetai d n cardraij ka toj mnmasin.
298

strcnon pnwtikn, o d likkkabon, o d kakkalan kalosi qmnoj st kldouj cwn polloj, puknoj,
stelecdeij, dusqrastouj, fllwn plreij liparn, mfern
mhlv kudwnv, nqoj ruqrn, emgeqej, karpn n loboj
krokzonta, zan floin cousan pruqron, emegqh fetai
n petrdesi tpoij.
299

`O d manikj, o d qroron kalosin atn o

d perittn, leukn cei tn zan ka makrn
j pcewj ka kolhn. ddotai d' atj, n mn
ste pazein ka doken aut klliston enai,
dracm staqm n d mllon manesqai ka
fantasaj tinj fanesqai, do dracma n d'
ste m paesqai mainmenon trej, ka sumparamignnai fasn pn kentaurou n d
ste poktenai, tttarej. cei d t mn fllon
moion ezmJ pln mezon, tn d kauln sper
rguaj, kefaln d sper ghqou mezw d ka
dasutran oike d ka platnou karp.

175

 ( , 4.73300)
Solanum sodomeum L.,
.

.

Datura.
: oike d ka platnou karp,
(Platanus orientalis L., Platanaceae).
.
( 3,2 gr.), (6,5-10 gr.)
(13 gr.).
350 ,
.
,
.


.
, ,
, .

, .

Solanum sodomeum L. ,

, Atropa belladonna L.
,
( , 12.146).
Datura metel L.
(Riddle, 1985b Cilliers &
Retief, 2000).

300

strcnon manikn, nioi prseion, o d

perissn, o d nudron, o d pentdruon, o d noru, o d qron,
o d rqguion klesan totou t mn fllon stn ezmJ
paraplsion, mezon d prj t tj knqhj mllon, tij ka
paidrwj kaletai kauloj d nhsin p tj <atj> zhj
perfuej, dka ddeka, yoj rguij contaj, kefaln pikeimnhn sper laan, dasutran d sper platnou sfaran,
mezw d ka platutran, nqoj d mlan met d toto karpn scei botruoeid, strogglon, mlana, gaj <d> dka
ddeka moaj kisso kormboijmalakn spere stafuln
za d' pesti leuk, pacea, kolh, j pcewj fetai n
reinoj cwroij ka proshnmoij ka platansi.

176

 Datura
Datura metel L., Nux methel Rauch pffelkraut Fuchs (Botany, 399,
1545), Stramonia Pomum spinosum
(New Kreterbuch, 265, 1543), thorn apple.
, , 40
(1493), . 40
(1580), Besler ,
Eichsttt, :
Datura metel L. (stramonia) Datura stramonium L. (Datura Turcarum)
(Hortus Eystettensis, 342.I 343.).
.
Gerard , Datura metel
L. Datura stramonium L.
K. Datura Turcarum
Besler Gerard. O Gerard
,
Anguillara 301 (The Herbal, 49).
O Datura A, A
E
.

,
. , Avery et al. (1959)
Datura ,
. E
.

Promnitz, ,
, , , , . O
Brandes ,
. O Geiger & Hesse ( 1833) Meis,
,
. E
Atropa belladonna L.
T 0,22-0,40%. O Grelnish

: 0,54%,
301

H Ludovici dell Anguillara (. 1570)

. Datura stramonium L.
1570. T ( ,
2.48-2.49) :
ppomanj futn sti par' 'Arksi, t d' pi psai ka ploi manontai n' rea ka qoa
ppoi

177

 0,35% ( & , 1948). O Chopra

0,47% 0,65%302.
4- (4hydroxylubimin), (aconitic acid), (apoatropine), 8001.000 ppm (atropine), (atropinesterase),
(capsidol), (datugen), (datugenin), (esculetin),
(flurodaturatine), (homoflurodaturatine),
550-2.500 ppm (hyoscine), 80-490 ppm (hyoscyamine),
(meteloidine), (nicotine), (putrescine),
(scopin), 53-3.050 ppm (scopolamine), (scopoletin),
(scopolin), (sophorose), 5-25 ppm
(tigloylmeteloidin),

(umbelliferone),

(vitastramonolide) . (Duke, 1992b).

X
, dhatura
(Vatsyayana, Kama Sutra, 7.2 Kalyana Malla,
Ananga Ranga, app.II). T 16 . Christoval Acosta
,

. 17 . Johann Albert
de Mandelslo
.
, dhatureas,

.
(Davis, 1988). O Qi
Zhenggang Datura stramonium L. Bingling,
Lanzhou, Gansu, I
.
(Muqi, 1989).
Yang Jin Hua ( Datura metel L. D. stramonium
L.)
Hua Tuo (145-208 ..),
(Chu, 2004). B. Datura

. H
. T Datura inoxia Miller.
Y
N Pueblo (Yarnell, 1959 Cutler & Bower, 1961). T M,
H
Datura.
Datura (Litzinger,
1981).
, 3000 .X.
302

T Indigenous Drugs Inquiry R. N. Chopra, Nadkarni, 1976.

178

 B. A (Haury, 1945). N.
A Datura
, .
Nazca
( , 100 800 .X.) Moche ( ,
100-800 ..) (Dobkin de Rios, 1977 Dobkin de Rios & Cardenas, 1980).

,
,
(Svoboda, 1992). ,
(4,32 gr.).
2-3 (8,64-12,96 gr.)
, (17,28 gr.) (
, 9.11.6, . 363).
,
(
, 4.73303). (Naturalis
Historiae, XXI.177).
. 4 (13,6 gr)
, .
(3,4 gr), .

. ,
3 2 (
, 12.145-146304).
303

dnamin d cei za pinomnh met' onou dracmj mij

plqoj fantasaj potelen ok hdej, do d dracma poqesai xistnousin cri trin mern, tssarej d poqesai
ka nairosin ntifrmakon d' stn ato melkraton pol
pinmenon ka xemomenon.
, ,
,
.
.
304
[ie. Per trcnou strcnou.] Trcnon, nioi d
met to sgma strcnon nomzousi. t mn ddimon n
toj kpoij fumenon pantej ginskousi ka crntai prj
sa yxa te ka styai dontai. dnatai gr mfw tata
kat tn deutran txin. tn d' llwn tn ok dwdmwn
t mn likkkabon nomzetai, pun con tn karpn
oikta ag stafulj kat t scma ka t mgeqoj,
ka prj toj stefnouj crntai. t d' teron t qamndej t pnwtikn ka trton stn p' atoj t manikn.
t mn on likkkabon n t tn fllwn dunmei paraplsion prcei t khpeuomnJ trcnJ, tn karpn orhtikn con. di ka pollaj tn sunqtwn dunmewn, sai
prj par kstin nefroj rmttousi, mgnutai. to d'
pnwtiko strcnou tj zhj floij met' onou pinmenoj pnwtikj prcei, dracmj staqm lambanmenoj. sti
d ka ej t lla t to mkwnoj p paraplsioj, sqensteroj d' ej tosoton j tj trthj enai txewj tn
yucntwn, kenou kat tn tetrthn tetagmnou. t sprma

179

 , 2
( , 14.26).
305
( , 5.50306).
Gerard Datura
, , (The Herbal, 49).
(1916) ,
( 1-6 0,065-0,26 gr).
,
.
, , ,
. (Grieve, 1972).
,
,
, 1 gr. 0,20
gr. ( & , 1948).
,
(Grieve, 1972). Storck
1763
.
, , , ,
, , , , , ,
.
,
, , , ,
,
totou to trcnou dnamin orhtikn cei. manidej d'
st, plon tn ddeka kormbwn pinmenon. t d' ploipon tn erhmnwn trcnwn crhstn stin ej tj tn
ndon seij. e mn gr tttarej dracma lhfqeen atn,
qnaton pifrousin, e d' lttouj, manan. lupoj d'
ma, pln od' at ti crhstn cousa. xwqen d to smatoj piplassomnou lkh kakoqh ka nomdh qerapeei.
ristoj d' ej tosoton tj zhj floij, xhranwn mn
kat tn deutran pou txin dh sumplhroumnhn ka trthn rcomnhn, ycwn d kat tn deutran rcomnhn.
305

.
Per trcnou maniko, doruknou par' noi.
Doruknou d poqnto, nioi trcnon manikn klean, parakolouqe per glakto poith n t geei ka lugm unec
gltth te xhrth ka amato nagwg qra, kat koilan te
ato muxdh fretai p duenterikn. o bohqhton pr to
totwn ti parakolouqai di tn p to fhmrou lhfqntwn,
mtou t fhmi ka klmato, ka a dnatai t poqn kkrnai
frmakon. dw d p' atn bohqe t melkraton neion ageion
gla ka gluk cliar met nou lgou pinmeno ka mgdala
pikr tqh te rnqwn kaqhyhmna ka pnta t kogclia m
ka pt qimena ka kraboi ka tako ka x atn zwm
pinmeno.
306

180

, . ( & , 1948).

(Guarrera, 1999).

, .
stramonium ,
(delirium tremens), Parkinson (Boericke, 1927),
, , , , , , . (Dubey,
1990).
(Farrington, 1908).

, ,
, .

Yang Jin Hua ( D. stramonium L. D. metel L. var. alba
Tep.). , .
. ,
. , ,

. 0,3 0,45 gr (Hong-Yen et al., 1986).

.
. ,

(Shervette et al., 1979 Tiongson & Salen, 1998).

(Charpin et al., 1979),
(Grandjean et al., 1980).

. .

. .
(
), .
,
, , .

181


Mandragora officinarum L.
Mandragora autumnalis L.
: Solanaceae
:
: , ,

:
( ),
,
: mandrake, satans apple
: mandragore
: Alraunen
: : 3, 3,
:
: , ()
: , ,
:
:
, ,
, , (
) , ,
, () , ,
,

: , M. officinarum: - (: -),
M. autumnalis: ( , )
: M. officinarum: -, M. autumnalis:
: M. officinarum: -, M. autumnalis: ,
: 1,2 gr ()
:
: ( )

182


( , 4.75307) :
, ,
,
.
, , , (
), 308.
Mandragora autumnalis L. M. officinarum L.
(, 1914).
(Tutin et al., 1964-1976).

Solanaceae
, .
80
Mandragora (Hanus et al., 2005).

307

mandragraj o d ntmimon, o d bombculon, o

d Kirkaan[, o d Dirkaan] kalosin, peid doke za
fltrwn enai poihtik. sti d' ato mn tij qluj,
mlaj, qridakaj kalomenoj, flla cwn stentera ka mikrtera qrdakoj, brwmdh ka bara kat tn smn, kecumna d p gj, ka par' at mla ooij mfer, cr, edh,
n oj karpj sper pou zai emegqeij, do trej,
ntempeplegmnai lllaij, mlainai kat tn pifneian,
ndoqen d leuka ka pacfloioi kauln d o frei. to
d rrenoj ka leuko, n nioi mrion klesan, flla st
leuk, megla, plata, lea, kaqper tetlou t d mla
diplsia, krokzonta tn cran, edh met brouj tinj,
ka sqousin o poimnej, posj d pokarontai za d
moa t pr atj, mezwn d ka leukotra kauloj d ka
otoj.
308

RV: mandragra rren o d Kirkaon, o d xhr

nqh, [o d ntimnion,] o d ntmimon, o d bombculon, o
d mrion, Agptioi periom, Puqagraj nqrwpmorfon,
o d lotin, o d qridakan, o d kmmaron, o d gcnh,
o d igaloj, Zwrostrhj dimorfon [ rcnh], proftai
mionj, o d gnoj Tufnoj, `Rwmaoi mla kanna, o d
mla terrstria.
mandragra qlu o d Kirkaon, o d ntmimon, `Rwmaoi mla silbstria, o d mla terrstria, pe za
totou doke fltrou enai poihtik.

183


.
( , 74309
310)
() (, 80311) ,
, (, 199312).
,
( Plasmodium malariae) (2.43.6313).

( , , 9.35314),
( , 39315),
309

Prosqetn nergn pn mandragrou ka koloknthj grhj xn glakti gunaikeJ

prsqej.
(Citrullus spp.) .
310

... Qsson katasp ka mandragrou

za, kanqarj, rpuloj, dfnhj karpj, mron rinon, dfninon
tiqumlou tn pn msgein, ka nakinein, ka tn xn fairein,
ka didnai son robon, ka prosqetn poisai riston e d
plon oi, onJ proskluzsqw. H pto calko kdiej, cliern
nalambnein erJ, ka prostiqnai.
: , , , , ,
, , .
.
,
.
311
Klsma lkon flgma kkkon trbein ka to mandragrou xn dati.
() : (;)
. .
. ( ).
312
Hn oj amatdhj, leukj, pooj n qeon ka
mandragrou t krhton nalabnta erJ prosqenai, ka pth
edtw, ka knhtoj mentw.
, :
. .
313
Puretj tetartaoj tetartaoj puretj tan cV, n mn
x llhj nosou lbV kqarton, frmakon psai ktw peita tn
kefaln kaqrai, peita frmakon psai ktw n d m tata
poisanti pahtai, dialepwn do lyiaj met tn ktw kqarsin,
losaj atn poll qerm, pson to karpo to oskumou son
kgcron, ka mandragrou son, ka po trej kumouj, ka trifllou son, n onJ krtJ piein. Hn d wmnoj ka gianein
:
, .

. , ,
, , ,
. .
314
Allo mandragrou zan mlista mn clwrn, e d m, xhrn,
tn mn on clwrn poplnanta ka tamnta, ysai n onJ kekrhmnJ, ka kataplssein tn d ge xhrn tryanta kataplssein mowj.
: , , . ,
, .
.
315
Toj niwmnouj ka nosontaj ka pgcesqai boulomnouj,

184

 ,
.

(. ) ( , 9.8.8316).

(
). ( , Bekker, 456b.30317)
, .

mandragrou zan prw pipskein lasson j manesqai. Spasmn de cr sqai pr parakaein katrwqen tj klnhj, ka
mandragrou zan pipskein lasson j manesqai, ka prj toj
tnontaj toj pisqouj sakka prostiqnai qerm. 'Ap spasmo
puretj n pilbV, paetai aqhmern t steraV t trtV
mrV. 'Ap gmatoj puretj o lzetai pleon trej tssaraj
mraj n d lzhtai, omenoj p gmatoj cein, p' llou
tinj lzoito n, ka o cr j n p gmatoj etrepzein. `Optan nqrwpoj suntetamnoj toj pdaj ka tj ceraj, manhn
wut poiei.
, ,
,
. :
, ,

. , .
.
, ,
.
.
316
... perigrfein d ka tn mandragran ej trj xfei, tmnein d
prj spran blponta. tn d' teron kklJ
periorcesqai ka lgein j plesta per frodiswn. toto d' moion oike t per to
kumnou legomnJ kat tn blasfhman tan
sperwsi.
317

... shmeon d totwn ka

t pnwtik pnta gr karhbaran poie, ka t pot
ka t brwt, mkwn, mandragraj, onoj, arai. ka
katafermenoi ka nustzontej toto dokosi pscein, ka
dunatosin arein tn kefaln ka t blfara. ka met
t sita mlista toiotoj pnoj
= , , .

185

 ( , 4.75318)
.
, .
.
(), .
.

318

culzetai d floij tj zhj clwrj kopej ka poteqej piesthrJ desei d lisantaj met t sustrafnai
potqesqai n straknJ ggeJ. culzetai d ka t mla
mowj, neimnon d gnetai t x atn clisma ka floij
d tj zhj periaireqej ka diablhqej lnJ krmatai ej
pqesin. nioi d kaqyousin onJ tj zaj cri trtou
ka diulsantej potqentai, crmenoi p tn grupnontwn
ka periodunntwn kuqJ n ka f' n bolontai naisqhsan temnomnwn kaiomnwn poisai.
d pj poqej boln duen lkj plqoj sn melikrtJ gei nw flgma ka coln j llboroj, plewn d
poqej xgei to zn. megnutai ka ej tj fqalmikj ka
nwdnouj dunmeij ka pessoj malaktikoj kaq' autn d
son miwblion prosteqej mmhna ka mbrua gei, daktulJ
te nt balanou prosteqej pnon poie. malssein d ka
lfanta lgetai za suneyomnh at p raj x ka
eplaston atn ej n tij boulhq scma paraskeuzein.
t d flla prsfata rmzei prj te fqalmn flegmonj
ka tj p tn lkn met' lftou kataplassmena diafore
d ka psan sklhran ka postmata, coirdaj, fmata,
paratribmen te suc p mraj pnte x stgmata neu
lkouj fanzei ka tariceumena d t flla potqetai
prj tj atj creaj. d za lea sn xei rusiplata
tai, prj d rpetn plhgj sn mliti laJ <poie>, sn
dati d coirdaj ka fmata diace ka rqrwn pnouj paei
met' lftwn. skeuzetai d ka dca ysewj onoj k to
floio tj zhj de d mbllein mnj trej ej metrhtn
onou glukoj didnai te x ato kuqouj trej toj mllousi
tmnesqai kaesqai, j proerhtai o gr ntilambnontai
to lgmatoj di t katafresqai. t d mla sqimena
ka sfrainmena karwtik ka x atn culj pleonasqnta
d ka fnouj poie. t d sprma tn mlwn poqn stran kaqarei, prosteqn d met qeou prou on sthsin
ruqrn. pzetai d pericarassomnhj tj zhj qoloeidj
ka to surrontoj ej tn koilthta sullegomnou sti d
nergsteroj to po culj. ok n pant d tpJ frousin
pn a zai podeknusi d t toioton pera.
storosi d tinej ka tran mrion fuomnhn n paliskoij ka per t ntra, flla cousan moia t leuk mandragrv, mikrtera d j spiqamiaa, leuk, kklJ per tn
zan, osan paln ka leukn, mikr mezona spiqamj, pcoj daktlou meglou, n fasi pinomnhn son dracmn man
met' lftou sqiomnhn n mzV yJ pomwron kaqedei gr nqrwpoj n per n fgV scmati asqanmenoj odenj p raj trej tssaraj, f' o n prosengkhtai. crntai d ka tatV o atro, tan tmnein kaein
mllwsi fas d ka ntdoton enai tn zan pinomnhn
met strcnou to kaloumnou maniko.
(Atropa belladonna L.)

186

 , ( 47
ml)
. (
) ( 1,2 gr)
() , <> ,
.
.
(0,3 gr) ,
.
, ,
.
.
, ,
()
. .

,
.
, . ( 1,3 kg)
( 26 lt) (141 ml)
, .
.
,
. .
,
.
-,
.
. .
-
,
( ,
, 16319).
,

319

[Per mandragrou.] Mandragrou d poqntoj eqwj kroj pakolouqe ka klusij, katafor te

scur, kat mhdn diafrousa pqouj to legomnou lhqrgou , pr to ti totwn sumbnai, rmzei , te metoj, ka melkraton, ka met toto ka ntron ka ynqion sn gluke onJ glukzonti lambanmena ka tj
kefalj mbroc di odnou ka xouj ka digersij ka
knhsij to smatoj. Ka di' sfrantikn ka epatorou ka peprewj ka npuoj ka kastorou ka phgnou xei tetrimmnwn ka psshj grj, ka tn kekaumnwn ka sbesmnwn llucnwn dujanakltwj d atn cntwn, ka ptarmik pgein, ka toj lloij koinoj bohqmasi crsqai ka p totwn.

187

 (12.67320). 3 ,
,
(). ,
. (
, )
( , 7.14321
, 673.6322).

( , .228 .230 ).
, (
)
( )
( , 1.429323).

, herbaria
( ,
) ,
Voynich.
, .
,
,
320

[d. Per mandragraj.] Mandragraj pikratosan

mn cei tn yuktikn dnamin, j tj trthj enai tn
yucntwn txewj. o mn ll ka qermthtj tinoj metcei ka kat ge t mla ka grthtoj, qen ka kwmatdh tn dnamn sti tata. tj zhj d' floij scurtatoj n o ycei mnon, ll ka xhranei, t d' llo
t ndon sqenj prcei.
321

tn toiotwn d sti ka mkwn ka mandragra ka oskamoj ka kneion, d ka

ktenei t sfodr tj yxewj.
322

(.. )
. 4
(. , , .206).
323
Trocskoj prj toj di' perpthsin tj xanqj colj tetartazontaj.
Sprmatoj mkwnoj khpeusmou
n gr. ib
po mkwnoj
. . . . . .
oskumou leuko
n gr. $
culo glukurrzhj
. . . . .
strakoj
n gr. d
nsou
. . . . .
krkou
. . . . .
kastorou
. . . . n gr. g.
floio mandragrou
. . . . .
t xhr kyaj ka ssaj nalmbane t cul ka ymati gluke
palai Krhtik, ka cr qarrn ka f' n mlista grupna parakolouqe ka gastr fretai ka t stma tj gastrj eumatzetai
ka dnh per t klon nocle.
1 = 2 = 1,137 gr

188

 .
, , , , .

( ), (
, , 4.75, .
).
.
,
(30.1430.17), ,
. dd'im (),
324 ( ,
1.307.2), , ,
, , .
.

.
. .
.

(soporific), , , ,
.
,
. herbaria
.
Bartholomeus Anglicus (13 .) De Proprietatibus
Rerum (1240)

(Grieve, 1931).
(Cerrahiyetl Haniye, 1465) Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu

murkid, . (luffah)
. 24
dirhem (, 4 gr) .
(Basagaoglu et al., 2006).

(Atropa belladonna L.) (Hyoscyamus niger L.)
(, 1972).

3 ,
. .

( )
.
324

, 7.13.

189

,
. ,
,
, , () .

.
, .

190

 5:

191


Equisetum arvense L.
: Equisetaceae (Pteridophyta)
: Herba Equiseti
: (
)
: ,
,
: common horsetail
: prle des champs
: Ackerschachtelhalm, Katzenschwanz
: ,
: [Ross (2003): , ]
:
: [Ross, 2003]
: ,

:
:
: ( )
: 1-4 gr [BHMA, 1983],
15-20 gr () 80 gr ( ,
) 1 lt , , 2-6 ml ( 1:5,
25% , 3 )
:
: (Commission E),

(1914) ,
( , 4.46325) Equisetum
telmateia Ehrh., Equisetum ramosissimum Desf.
(, 4.47326).
325

ppourij o d nabsion, o d fedron kalosi.

fetai n tpoij fdroij ka n tfroij. kaula ken, pruqra, potraca, stere, gnasi dieilhmmna mpefuksin
ej llhla, per d at flla scoindh, lept, pukn axetai d ej yoj nabanousa p t parakemena stelch ka
katakrmatai perikecumnh kmaij pollaj melanaij kaqper
ppou or za xuldhj, sklhr.

326

sti d ka tra ppourij, kmaj bracutraj ka

192


(, .337 .)327. -
( , 391),
.


Equisetopsida.
100 ().
30 m.
( )
, .
() .

.
, , ,
, () () (Schauenberg
& Paris, 1981).
(1980)
Equisetum palustre L.
X
,
, , ( ),
, .

328,
, .

( , 4.46329).
(. , 4.47).

leukotraj ka malakwtraj cousa, tij ka at lea sn

xei tramata tai.
327

(.112).
. ,
.
329
stuptik d pa, qen culj atj amorragaj sthsi
tj k muktrwn ka dusenteraj fele pinmenoj met' onou
kine d ora. t d flla tramata naima koll lea
piplattmena, d za ka pa bttous te ka rqopnokoj ka hgmataij rgei. storetai d ka ntrou diaresin ka kstewj diakopn ka nteroklhn sungein t flla
pinmena sn dati.
328

193


( ) ( , 8.5).

, ,
.
, ,
,
(
, 11.889330).
O Equisetum
.
,
.
. T 1904 Lomann
(equisetin) Equisetum palustre L.,
. , 1919
Frhner
. HA
, Equisetum arvense L.,
(Muenscher, 1949). (1980)

Equisetum palustre L. Equisetum sylvaticum L.
,
331. E. palustre
B1,
,
(palustrine), .
. T
. 2 5 ,
,
.
330

[..]
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.

.
,
,.
331

O Gail & Hahner (1916) , Hooker (1864)

(1980) . O Gssow (1912)
(Muenscher, 1949).

194

 . , ,
.
332. H 51,2 gr
Barbados (Aloe spp., Liliaceae), 3-6,5 gr (Zingiber officinale
Roscoe, Zingiberaceae) .
(Strychnos nux-vomica L., Solanaceae) ,
(Muenscher, 1949).
(Herba Equiseti) ,
.
,
(15-20 gr 1 lt
) (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).

(Hypericum perforatum ., Hypericaceae)
. H (80 gr 1 lt),
, . T
(30-50 gr 1 lt ,
). (.
) ,
(, 1972). M
(Picci, 1980).
,
, , 333.

,
(, 1972). (1977)
, ,
.
Ross (2003) ,
. , ,
, ,
. 1 4 gr ( ) 2
6 ml (1:5, 25% , 3 ).
O Boericke (1927) ,
. 6
, ,
, .
,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
Equisetum
334.

332

Rich & Jones, 1902 Haas, 1931, . Muenscher, 1949.

B. I Chichiricco et al., 1980.
334
. Perez Gutierrez et al., 1985.
333

195

 (Grases et al., 1994).

,
, Equisetum giganteum
L. (Li et al., 1999). ,
Equisetum palustre L.
(Gurbuz et al., 2002).
(Commission E)
(Blumenthal et al., 1998).
.

( ,
), ( )
.
.

196


Quercus spp.
(Quercus macrolepis Kotschy)
Q. aegilops
(Q. pubescens Willd.)
Q. lanuginosa
(Q. ilex L.)
(Q. coccifera L.)
: Fagaceae
Q. ilex

: Cortex Querci
: , ,
(),
: , (Q.
macrolepis), , (Q.
pubescens), , , (), ,
(Q. ilex), , (Q. coccifera)
: valonian oak (Q. macrolepis), holly
oak, holm oak (Q. ilex), Kermes oak (Q. coccifera)
: chne vlani (Q. macrolepis), yeuse,
chne vert (Q. ilex), chne trochet, durelin (Q. pubescens),
Q. coccifera
chne kerms (Q. coccifera)
: Steineiche (Q. ilex), Kermes-Eiche, Stech-Eiche (Q. coccifera)
: , , . : , : &
: , . : &
: ,
: , , Dai (Holmes, 1997) (Ross, 2003)
: (,
, ) Qi, (
, , , , , ,
, , ),
( Qi), ,
. Qi
Yin, .
: (, & 5 )
: -, Q. macrolepis (2 , 70-80%), Q.
coccifera (2 , - 80%), Q. ilex (1 , - 85%), Q. pubescens (1
, - 70-80%)
: - ( 5-10 ),
: 3-15 gr 500 ml ( , 3
), 30-100 gr 1 lt , 30 gr
1 lt
:

197

: .
.
, .

,
.
(1914) Q. macrolepis ( Q. aegilops)
. Q. pubescens

. Q. ilex, ,
( ,
3.8.2). ,
, (Vitis vinifera
L., Vitaceae) (, , .68). , (Q. coccifera)
. ,
( ,
. ). 19 20 .
(, 1914).
.

(, 3.8)
(, 3.8),
(, 1.106)
(, 3.8)
(, 3.8 & , 1.106)

Quercus macrolepis Kotschy

Quercus pubescens Willd.

Quercus ilex L.
Quercus coccifera L.

, , ()
,

10-20%
(gallitannic acid) (quercetannic acid)
, (quercetine),
(quercine) . (Duke, 1992b, Holmes, 1997).

. (203)

.
( , 3.8.6335).
,
.
335

Khkdaj d pnta frei t gnh, mnh d ej t drmata crhsmhn merj.

198

 ( )
.
, ,
.

.
.
.
, ()
() .
( , 1.106336).
(, 1.107337)
.
( Andricus collari
Hartig, Cynipidae).
336

drj psa stuptikn cei dnamin, mlista d atj

stfei t metax to floio ka to prmnou menoeidj,
mowj ka t per t balnJ p t klufoj. ddotai d
t fyhma atn koiliakoj ka dusenterikoj ka amoptuikoj, ka n pessoj <d> leon prostqetai oikaj gunaix.
ka a blanoi d t at poiosin es d ka orhtika ka kefalalgej bibrwskmenai ka pneumatosai. rmzousi d prj t obla sqimenai, ka t fyhma d atn
ka to floio bohqe toxik met glaktoj boeou pinmenon.
ma d kataplasqesai leai flegmonj parhgorosi, sn
stati d coireJ tarichr prj kakoqeij sklhraj ka prj
ponhreumena lkh rmzousin. scurterai d tn drunwn
a prninai t dunmei es.
ka fhgj d ka prnoj edh nta druj oikta
nerge. tj d zhj tj prnou floij sn dati yhqej,
crij o takhrj gnhtai, ka piplasqej nkta lhn trcaj
melanei proaposmhcqesaj Kimwlv g. rmzei d t flla
pntwn lea kopnta odmasi, ka t tona d mrh kratnei.
337

,
,,,
.
,.

.
,

.<>
.

,
.
,.

199

 .

( , , ),
. (Q.
pubescens Willd.) ,

. , (
, 11.865.14338).
( ,
, .95, , , 14.23 .).
, ,
, ( ) .
, , ,
. ,

, , , ,
. , , , ,
, . ,

( & , 1948 , 2000).

(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).

338

,
,
. :
[ia. Per druj.] Druj panta mn t mria stufoshj metcei poithtoj, piplon d t n t floi to
prmnou t mendej, ka t p t kelfei tj balnou,
t p t sark to karpo. di ka prj on gunaikeon, amatj te ptseij ka dusenteraj ka gastrj emata crnia crsimon enai pepsteutai, mlista d' fyontej at crntai. sfodrteron d' ti stfei fhgj
ka prnoj, et' on edh druj nomzein at tij ete
ka diafrein lJ t gnei boloito. ka d ka t flla
t mn totwn tn futn pal kataplassmena xhranein ok gennj pfuke, t d tj traj druj tton,
ej son ka styewj tton metelhfen. gwg' on oda ka
kollsaj pot trama drepnJ gegonj, odamj trou
parntoj farmkou, toj flloij tj druj. triya d' p
ptraj leaj at ka t trama met to prix cwrou
pantj katplasa. sti d tj atj toj flloij dunmewj ka karpj tj druj. ka kcrhnta ge totJ tinj tn atrn p tn rcomnwn ti ka axanomnwn
flegmonn. sai gr dh sfodra tn stufntwn o dontai. t mn d toiata qerapeutikj mllon tj nestshj st pragmateaj. pcrh d' ej ge t parnta gignskein j stuptikj mn ej son erhtai metelhfe dunmewj drj, ka di toto xhrantikj te ka stuptikj,
qermj d' p' lgon enai katwtrw tn mswn n toj
j n otw tij epoi cliaroj.

200

 Ross (2003) ,
.
.
(Holmes,
1997):
1. , , .
Qi .
a. ( / ).
b. ( ,
).
c. ( ,
, , ).
d. (, , ,
, ,
).
e. ( ).
f. , ( ).
g. .
h. Qi:
.
i. (, , ).
2. , , .
a. ( Yang Ming339).
b. (.. Yin),
.
c. .
3. .
a. , ( ), .
b. , , .
(, ).
,
.
, .
, ,
.
, ,
. (,
2000) . 5-10 ,
(Flck, 1988).
5-15 gr 500 ml ,
339

Yang Ming . 6
: Tai
Yang, Shao Yang, Yang Ming, Tai Yin, Shao Yin Jue Yin.

201

 3 . 30-100 gr 1 lt
. 30 gr 1
lt ( & , 1948, Flck, 1988 Holmes, 1997). Holmes
(1997) 3-8 gr 1,5-7,5 ml
(0,5-2,5 ml 12-60 , 3 ). Ross (2003) 3-6 gr
, 1,5-4,5 ml (1:5 25% ) 3-6 ml
(1:1 25% ).
(Quercus
glandium spiritus),
, (Boericke, 1927).
Q.
acutissima Carruth (Xiang Shi), , .
, .
, ,
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
(Hu Juo)
Q. dentata Thunb. Q. acutissima Carruth.
Kampo ( ) bokuso.
,
().
, , , ,
, , , , ( )
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).

,
(Khennouf et al., 1999
Gharzouli et al., 1999).
( )
. (1914)
8.000 .

(, , )
Qi, ( , , ,
, , , ),
( , ), (
Qi), , .
Qi Yin,
.

202

Salix alba L.

S. elaeagnos Scop.

S. purpurea L.

S. triandra L.
: Salicaceae
: Cortex Salicis, Flos
Salicis
: (), ,
, ( ),
: (),
(Salix alba L.), (S.
elaeagnos Scop.), (),
(S. purpurea L.), (S. triandra L.)
: white willow, sallow tree, saugh wythy, geese, goslings (S. alba)
: osier blanc (S. alba)
: Silberweide, Wilgenbaum, Felbinger (S. alba)
: , (Holmes, 1997)
: ,
: [Holmes, 1997: , ]
: , , ,
: (, .),
, ,
: - ()
:
: ,
, -
: 30-60 gr 1 lt () (Holmes, 1997: 7-10 gr)
6-30 gr. , 1:5 ( 2-4 ml, 3
), 1:8-1:10, 40-80 gr. 1 lt ()
: Qing Hao (Artemisia
apiacea Hance A. annua L.), Yin Huang Bai
(Phellodendron amurense Rupr. P. chinense Schneid.)
: ,
(Holmes, 1997)

( , , .510).
(1914),
203

 Salix purpurea L., Salix alba L.

Salix triandra L. ( , 3.13.7340).
(, 4.10.2341).
(
, 1.104).

Salix alba L. (alboside),

(apigenin), (ascorbic acid), , , ,
, , , , , , , , 3- (cyanidin-3-glucoside), (fragilin), (quercetin),
(quercimeritrin), (salicase), (salicin),
(saliperoside) . (Duke, 1992b).

Edwin Smith342,
(Breasted, 1980).
( , 1.104343) , ,
340

Prudron d ka ta ka polueidj mn
mlaina kaloumnh t tn floin cein mlana
ka foinikon, d leuk t leukn. kallouj
d cei tj bdouj ka crhsimwtraj ej t
plkein mlaina, d leuk kapurwtraj. sti
d ka tj melanhj ka tj leukj nion gnoj
mikrn ka ok con axhsin ej yoj, sper ka
p' llwn toto dndrwn, oon kdrou fonikoj.
kalosi d' o per 'Arkadan ok tan ll
lkhn t dndron oontai d, sper lcqh, ka
karpn cein atn gnimon.

341

sti d mn laagnoj fsei mn qamndej ka

parmoion toj gnoij, fllon d cei t mn
scmati paraplsion malakn d, sper a
mhlai ka cnodej. nqoj d t tj lekhj
moion latton karpn d odna frei. fetai
d plestoj mn p tn plodwn nswn es
gr tinej ka ntaqa plodej, sper n AgptJ
per t lh ka n Qesprwtdi ka n llaij lmnaij lttwn d kaq' datoj mn on laagnoj
toioton.
342

1500-1600 .., . 2
Kahun (UC 32057) 1800 ..
343
ta dndron st gnrimon, o karpj ka t
flla ka floij ka culj stuptikn cei dnamin. rmzei d t flla lea met' lgou peprewj ka onou poqnta eledesi, kaq' aut d sn dati lhmfqnta sullhmyan katergzetai. d karpj poqej amoptuikoj fe-

204

 , .
( )
( ). .
,
.
(Punica granatum
L., Punicaceae) , .

() . ()
.
( : ).
(
, 2.50).

, , ,
. (, 3.41). (
, 11.891344),
.
, 345 . (
) ,

le. ka floij d t at dr, kaej d ka furaqej xei

louj ka tlouj arei kataplasqej. d k tn fllwn
ka to floio culj n kelfei aj qermanqej met odnou
talgaij rgei ka t fyhma d atn katntlhma podgraj riston, smcei d ka ptura. lambnetai d ka pj
x atj ntemnomnou to floio kat tn nqhsin sw gr
ersketai sunestj. dnamin d cei smhktikn tn piskotontwn taj kraij.
344

[h. Per taj.] 'Itaj crsaito mn n tij ka toj

flloij ej traumtwn namwn kllhsin, o mn ll t
nqei mlist' atj pantej scedn o atro crntai prj
mplstrou xhrainoshj skeuasan. sti gr dnamij atn xhrantik ka dhktoj, cei d ka styin. nioi d
ka culn x atn poiontej, dhkton ka xhranon scousi
frmakon ej poll crsimon. odn gr sti polucrhstteron dktou ka xhranontoj farmkou, stfontoj lgon, j kn toj per sunqsewj tn farmkwn kribsteron deicqsetai. ka floij d to dndrou paraplsioj
prcei t te tn nqn ka tn fllwn dunmei, pln
sa xhrterj sti tn krsin, sper mlei ka pntej o
floio. ll toton ge kaousin nioi ka crntai t tfrv prj sa per n scurj dwntai xhranein. toj
gon kaloumnouj louj ka tlouj, ti te murmhkaj xarousin atn deontej xei drime. nioi d kat tn kairn tj nqsewj ntmnontej tn floin, pn qrozous
tina ka crntai prj t taj kraij piskotonta, uptik te ma ka leptomere farmkJ. crsaito d' n tij
ka ej lla poll toiotJ ge nti at.
345

205

 . 346
, .
( )
, .

.
, .
(
, 13.800347).
( , ,
, .).
( , 14.513348). ,

( )
( , 10349).
,
( , XI.33350).
346

,
(. , , 13.763.1).
347
[`H di ten.] Tn di tn ten,
ndoxn te ka polcrhston osan ka atn, mowj taj
progegrammnaij Krtwn otwj grfei. di tn ten
rmzousa prj t naima ka rqra lelumna ka prj
sriggaj ntiqemnh ka prj pladarj srkaj ka mlista
tj p toj krwthroij. poie ka prj rusiplata ka
prj llaj plestaj diaqseij, dca katakaumtwn. msuoj, calktewj, o, yimuqou, khkdwn, stupthraj scistj,
ka strogglhj, melanthraj n oggaj st. khro, htnhj pitunhj, psshj, sfltou, taj fllwn n oggaj
b. laou kotlaj d. oggaj d. calknqou oggaj st.
sidwn go st. xouj xe. st. tj taj met' xouj, wj leifqsi xstai b. ye, eta , proleleiotribhmnJ ka yimuqJ ka melanthrv pballe t flla ka sulleiotrbei,
eta t xhr lea ka plin clwson, eta t thkt pikatcei. tathn 'Asklhpidhj neu to calknqou ka
tn sidwn skeuzei kaqti ggraptai di to prsqen pomnmatoj to deutrou. tran fexj tde di ten grayen Krtwn d pwj. di ten lit j `Hrdotoj.
melanthraj, khkdoj mfaktidoj, stupthraj scistj,
strogglhj n oggaj st. khro, sfltou, psshj xhrj, taj fllwn, pitunhj n ltraj b. laou ltran a.
xouj xstou misu.
348

[Per parisqmin.] 'Itaj flla ka karpn ysaj

dati pipol ddou nagargarzesqai. toto posp t
paca tn dermtwn mlista ka ej sunagcikoj poie.
llo. mursnhn ka fakn ysaj ddou nagargarzesqai.
(. , , 7).
349
sper ka tj kapprewj floij xei leiwqej ka kataplasqej, j d ka pinmenoj
di' xouj xumlitoj keno pacej ka glscrouj cumoj, sq' te d ka ama ka tj
taj [] floij mowj cretai
350

Ka ntdoton d toj gonookoj didnai tathn dkimon osan ka prj toj sunecej neirwgmoj. 'Itaj karpo z kalamnqhj $, gnou leukj sprmatoj e,

206

 (Hippiatrica Berolinensia, 69.6),

(, 82.7) .
, 49 ,

(, 2.545351).
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981 .)
,
.
(Grammaticos & Diamantis, 2008)
(352),
.

, ,
,
,
.

, ,
phgnou d, kwneou sprmatoj b dati nplasse trocskouj ka ddou
karou pontiko t mgeqoj met xukrtou kuqwn trin. Drimufagan te psan
ka poluoinan ka lacnwn prosforn fulakton tn d daitan psan naxhrantikn ka stuptikn qeton. Met d toj prtouj crnouj, p t lemmata
gein ka tn gumnastikn gwgn, di j t te lon sma, ka dwj t peponqta
mrh, ej sin paracqsetai. .
351

Graf to 'Indo.
`Aln Kappadokikn, ln koinn, ln pikrn, ln nitrophgikn,
ln Tragasawn, ntrou 'Alexandrino ka frontrou, kissrewj,
drkhj, n lit. a, lqou 'Assou nqouj, stupthraj grj, nrdou
Keltikj, llebrou leuko ka mlanoj, strouqou, sfklhj (toutsti
trugaj onou kekaumnhj), camailontoj zhj, qeou prou, graj
stafdoj, npuoj, stupthraj, kuperou, peprewj, Kimwlaj gj, gnou
sprmatoj, dafndwn xhrn, khkdoj mfaktidoj, dskou botnhj, qrmou
lerou, kuamnou, purqrou, sconou nqouj, libnou rrenoj, kmmewj,
rewj 'Illurikj, sikou grou zhj xhrj, prasou xhro, shpaj strkou,
tlewj, knkou, kkkou Knidou, kstou, glcwnoj, grstewj, n llJ
taj xhrj ka bruwnaj, n ogg. g, samycou og. a, yullou
ogg. b. toj laj ka t ntron frxon p purj n ctrv kain, t
d loip xhrnaj kyon ka sson. kecrsqwsan d dihnekj loumenoi.
te d rxontai dron, tte poei smcesqai tn kefaln met' feymatoj zhj taj floio. toto t psma kllistn sti ka scurn
pnu cwrj tn qermn duskrasin ka p coldei ka drime cum
eumatizomnJ ka f' amati qerm. psaij d taj llaij eumatikaj
diaqsesin rmzein dnatai. totoij ka ylwqra poien n toj loutroj
rmzei pnu toj k to flegmatiko cumo podagriosi, mlista d toj
tn pifneian leptnesqai deomnoij.

352

He used as a pain relief, the abstract from a tree containing what he called salycasia, like aspirin.
.:
, . salix,
.
(
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae).

207

 . ,

. Delaveau et al. (1981),
17 .
.
Stone 1763,

(Doctrine of Signatures)353.

Salix alba L. , .
(Cortex Salicis)
,
(). ,
Grieve (1973),
. ,
354.
( & , 1948)
,
. ,
, , . Barbier
, ,
. ,
. ( & , 1948).
(30-60 gr 1 lt )
(6-30 gr , .), (1:5
355), (1:10 ), (1:8
) (1:5 ) ( & , 1948).
40-80 gr. 1 lt (, 1959).
Holmes (1997) (7-10 gr
) ( 2-4 ml, 3 ).
.

(Holmes, 1997):
353

As this tree delights in a moist or wet soil, where agues chiefly abound, the general maxim that
many natural maladies carry their cures along with them or that their remedies lie not far from their
causes was so very apposite to this particular case that I could not help applying it; and that this might
be the intention of Providence here, I must own, had some little weight with me (Stone, 1763). .:
, ,

( ) ,
, .
.
354
HerbAspirina, 200 mg
Salix alba L., 60 mg Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. ( Lamiaceae), 60 mg
Scutellaria lateriflora L. ( , Lamiaceae), 20 mg Rosmarinus
officinalis L. ( Lamiaceae) 20 mg Verbena officinalis L. ( Verbenaceae).
355
1:40, .
1:5 1:2 (.. 200 300 gr 1 lt ).

208

1. , ,
, .
- ,
,
, , .
, ,
, , , ( .),
, ( , , ).
2. Yin, , ,
,
. Yin
( Yin ), ,
, ,
. , ,
, ( ),
( Shao Yin).
3. : Qi , ,
, ( ).
4. (, ,
, , ).
(
Qing Hao ( Artemisia apiacea Hance A. annua L.,
Asteraceae)

, .
Yin.
( )
, ,
Yin .
Huang Bai ( Phellodendron amurense Rupr.
P. chinense Schneid., Rutaceae).
3, 12, 2, 3, 6, 52,
23, 15 7.
28, 3DM, 6DM, 6, 9, 8 3.
Salix spp.,
(Sharaf & Mansour, 1965)
(Tunon et al., 1995).

,
(Senahayake et al., 1998).

(Chrubasik et al., 2000), (Krivoy et
al., 2001).

209


.

.
.
,
, . Yin,
,
. .
( ) .

210


Punica granatum L.
: Lythraceae
:
: , ,
(),
: , ,
,
: pomegranate (pomum +
granatus, )
: grenade
: Granatapfel
: ()
: , ()
: , ()
: , , ()
: :
, , ,
, , ,
, , , , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
,
: - (, )
: -
: (, ), (),
()
: 15-30 gr 1 lt (), 3-9 gr 1 lt
(), 60 gr 500 ml (),
30-90 gr 1 lt (), 20 gr 800 ml ,
500 ml ( )
: Shi Liu Pi ( )
:
,
,
(> 20 gr) (> 30 ),
(, , .)

(1914)
( rimmun, roumman),
, ,
(). .
211

 ,
() (,
, 117).

(casuariin),
(casuarinin), (friedelin), (isopelletierine),
(pelletierine),

(pseudopelletierine),

(punicacorteins),

(punigluconin),
.

( )
(cerebroside), (delphinidins), (flavogallol),
(gallic acid), (granatins), (isoquercetrin),
(malvidin), (pelargonidin), (punicalagin),
(punicalin) . , (maslinic acid),
(pelargonidin) . (Duke, 1992b).

(, 7.1.2), ( , 5)
( , 9),
( , 32 , 199)
(, 199), (, 248),
(, 63) ( , , 23).
,
( , 2.65356). (
, 12) (, 14).
,
(),
. ().
. (55.12357).

356

Nosoj kaloumnh lqargoj bx scei, ka t salon

ptei poul ka grn, ka fluhrei, ka tan pashtai fluhrwn,
edei, ka popatei kkodmon. Toton pipskein t p to krmnou, ka metapipskein onon leukn ondea, ka ofnein tn culn
tj ptisnhj xummsgein d sdhj culn ka onon pipnein ondea leukn, ka m loein. Otoj n pt mrVsin poqnskei n
d tataj perfgV, gij gnetai.
: ,
. . .
, ,
. .
, .
357
`Roij glukehj culj diacwrei, kausdej d ti cei a ondeej tn oin
fusdeej a d xeai yuktikterai o d purnej paswn stsimoi.

212


( , 1.110-1.111358).
, , .
: , .
, ,
. , ,
, .
.

.
.
. ( )
, , ,
, . ,
, ,
, .

.
, ,
.
[ , Cytinus hypocistis (L.) L.]. (),
,
358

a psa eculoj, estmacoj, trofoj. totwn mntoi glukea estomwtra, qermasan posn ggennsa per
stmacon ka pneumatosa, qen stn p tn puressntwn
qetoj d xea kausoumnJ stomcJ bohqe, ka stin
orhtik, stomoj d ka stuptik d ondhj mshn cei
dnamin. tj d xeaj purn xhranqej n lJ ka pipattmenoj prosoymasi ka suneymenoj koilan ka stomcou ema sthsin, pobracej d n mbrJ dati amoptuikoj fele pinmenoj, ka ej gkqisma dusenterikn ka
oikn rmzei. ecrhston d t pqlimma tn purnwn
yhqn ka mign mliti prj te t n stmati ka adoJ ka
drv lkh ka ptergia t n daktloij, nomj te ka perocj
ka talgaj ka t n muktrsi, ka mlista tj xeaj.
t d nqh atj, ka ktinoi kalontai, ka at
stuptik ka xhrantik ka katastaltik ka namwn kollhtik, rmzonta prj ka a. t d fyhma atn
olwn pladntwn ka dntwn seiomnwn diklusma, nakllhm te nterokhlikoj n kataplsmati. storosi d tinej
nofqalmitouj par' lon t toj gnesqai toj katapintaj
giej trej kutnouj j ti lacstouj. culzontai d j
pokistj.
ka t lph d tj aj, tinej sdia kalosi, stuptikn
conta ka at tn dnamin, prj sa ka o ktinoi rmzei.
t d fyhma tn izn lmeij tj plateaj poqn ktinssei ka poktenei.
balastin stin nqoj graj aj. edh d stin
ato pleona ersketai gr ka leukn ka purrn ka odcroun oike d kutnJ aj. culzetai d j ka pokistj.
dnamin d cei stuptikn, poiosan prj ka pokistj ka ktinoj.

213

 .
.
, .
.
. .
,
, .
, ,
( , 5.26359).

(, 1.51), (, 1.62360)
(, 2.51).

. ,
, ,
, ( , VI.17).
,
, .

: , , , (
, 12.115.6361).
, . ,
. ,
(, 11.847362).
359

othj d onoj skeuzetai otwj aj purnouj

labn rmouj ka poqlyaj tn culn tn kkkwn pqou,
ysaj ej <t> trton otwj potqeso.
poie d prj t ntj emata ka puretoj odeij.
sti d' estmacoj ka stegnwtikj koilaj ka orhtikj.

360

... sidwn nearn t ntj lenaj meq' datoj prostqei. sidwn mrh do, khkdwn
mroj n leisaj nplasse balnia mikr ka potqei met tn lxin tn katamhnwn

361

[h. Per oin.] `Roi psa tj stufoshj metcei

poithtoj, o mn pikratoshj ge pntwn. niai mn gr
atn esin xeai, tinj d glukeai plon asthra. ka
d ka tj feleaj ksthj atn kat tn pikratosan ngkh gnesqai poithta. llektai d' n t tetrtJ
tnde tn pomnhmtwn pr to glukoj cumo ka asthro ka xoj, st' x kenwn sti soi ka per tj
tn oin diaforj sullogsasqai. sti d t mn ggarta
to culo stuptiktera ka xhrantiktera. totwn d' ti
t lmmata, kaletai d sdia. paraplhsaj d' atoj esi
dunmewj o kutnoi.
362

[g. Per balaustou.] Balastion mn nqoj graj

oij, on per tn mrwn ktinoj. scurj d stfei tn
gesin. ka d ka xhrantikj ka stuptikj sti dunmewj ka dhlonti ka pacumeroj, e ti memnmeqa tn n
t tetrtJ tnde tn pomnhmtwn erhmnwn, nka deknumen pan t stfon gedej enai yucrn. odemij d'

214


( , .346363).
(, 7.1.101364).
( ,
IX.12).
,
( , 3.34365).

. ,
, ,
, , , ,
, .
, ,
, ,

.

mfasin cei poithtoj traj, ka di toto n tij at

qeh xhranein ka ycein ok gennj, e ge d m kakj mn
n t tetrtJ tnde tn pomnhmtwn deknuto toj gedesi yucroj smasin prcein stfousa poithj. tr
on ka t fainmena marture. ka gr e paratrmmasi ka
e toj lloij lkesin pipttoij at, tcist' n doij ej oln nta. tat toi kp tn nagntwn ama dusenterikn, ti te tn kat gastra ka mtran eumtwn, ok
stin stij o crtai t farmkJ totJ tn tj qerapeutikj pragmateaj grayntwn atrn.
363

`Ra pa t tufoh metcei poithto, o mn pikratoh ge pntw niai mn gr atn ein xeai, tin d glukeai,
tin d athra. x n d proerhtai n t per mlwn lgJ neti ka per totwn tekmareqai. culn d coui plona mlwn te
ka pwn, ti te pr totJ tn gein dutran mllon kenwn.
ggnontai d pote crhimterai atn e lla t tina ka p tn
daknomnwn fdra tn tmacon di mocqhrn cumn periouan,
to culo n lftoi proferomnou, `Ippokrth p to
kardialgoin kleue. t d ggarta t a tuptiktera to
culo ti ka xhrantiktera, ti d mllon t lmmata. paraplioi d tn dnamn ei ka o ktinoi.
364

T Kleinou delf, t fhlikestrV, metoj, ti prosdxaito, tessareskadeka mraj, neu pureto, amatwdwn
reugmo ka, xunestalmnwn, crei prj kardhn pngma. Kastrion, sseli pnta pause, ka t p tj sdhj psth d lghma mtrion j kenena. Bolbo culj ka onoj galaktdhj asthrj ka rtoi j lcistoi xn laJ.
365

Platukora st t pqoj, (lgetai d ka mudrasij)

tan krh gnhtai platutra ka blyV tn rasin
gnetai d p xhrthti ka stin naton t pqoj tinj
d gcumatzousin at culn oij ka plj pnta
t stfonta.

215


( & , 1948).
1807,

Ayurveda.
,
,
. 366
( .),
, . ( & , 1948).
( )
.
( &
, 1948).
(15-30 gr 1 lt ),
(30-60 gr 1 lt 367)
(60 gr 500 ml ).
(30-90 gr 1 lt )
(20 gr 800 ml , 500 ml) ( &
, 1948).
,
(Shi Liou Pi).
(, 2011):
1. .
,
().
2.
(Jing).
( stress Qi )
.
,
, , , ,
,
,
,

, Qi
.
3. (,
, .).
4. ,
, .
366

, ., . ., . 101, 189 655, &

, 1948.
367

3-9 gr.
(, 2011).

216

 , ( 20
gr) ( 30 ).

(, , .)
(, 2011).

.
(Vibrio cholerae),
(Guevara et
al., 1994), Salmonella typhi (Perez & Anesini,
1994) Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba invadens (Segura et
al., 1990). (Anesini &
Perez, 1993 Zhang et al., 1995, ),
(Gharzouli et al., 1999).
(Das et al., 1999 Das et
al., 2001), (Jafri
et al., 2000).
368 (Kim
et al., 2002).
(Prakash et al., 1985).

() ,
(
, .), .
.

368

217


Prunella vulgaris L.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
: Spica Prunellae
:
: ,
( ),
: common selfheal, heal-all,
heart-of-the-earth
: brunelle commune, petite
consoude, charbonnire, prunelle, herbe au
charpentier et brunette
: Kleine Braunelle, Kleine
Brunelle, Gewhnliche Braunelle
: 2 , 2 ()
[Holmes, 1997: , ]
: , , ,
: ,
: , ,
:
( Yang
, , , , ,
, ), ,
, (
, , , , ,
.), ,
, ( ,
, , , ,
), , ,
,
(, , , , , ,
, , )
: - ( )
:
:
: 8-18 gr (), 2-5 ml (3 ), 15-30
gr ( )
: Xia Ku Cao () (
Prunella vulgaris L.)
:
( in vitro),

218


(1914) (Prunella vulgaris L.)

( , , 241.9), (
, 3.94369) .
( ),
, .
, .

(Delaveau et al., 1981).
16 . (Delaveau et al., 1981).

, (5%), , ,
, (ursol), (oleanolic, caffeic,
ursolic), (rutin), (hyperoside), (fencone),
(delphinidin), (cyanidin), , (
68%), , , .
, (pinene), (cineol), (linalool),
(myrcene), (phelladrene) (Holmes, 1997).
(rosmarinic),
(ursolic) (oleanolic) (Wang et al., 1993),
(prunellin) (Tabba et al., 1989).
X

(65.7370 241.9371) (
369

polknhmon qamnon st frugandej, con flla

rignJ mfer, tn d kauln polugnaton sper glcwn
ok cei mntoi skidion, mikr d p' krJ kormbia drim ti
met' ewdaj popnonta.
RV: polknhmon o d klinopdion, o d polugnaton,
o d Dij lakth, o d cenumon, `Rwmaoi poutialogonqria.

370

Hn d lkwqwsi sfodrj, ama ka pon kaqaretai, ka

dm gnetai barh, ka ktan dnh proslbV, j p dnoj
t plqoj t per tn on gnetai, ka ktan crnoj , t
sklea ka o pdej odousi, ka ntai o htro j drwpa t d
o toon. Tathn n lbVj, loein prta qerm, ka clianein,
ka klzein drimsi ka malqakosi ka strufnosin, dat te ka
onJ ka poulkarpon ka poulknhmon ka mli yn mo, eta
erion j toto bptwn, diacrein t adoa, ka htnhn ka mli
ka suj laion gcrein ka pipskein lnou karpn, ka ssamon
, .

219

)

, ,
,
. (559372)
(56-57373).
. , .
, .
,
(), . [ Opopanax
hispidus (Friv.) Griseb.], .
. ,
.
371
Hn d katcousa tn gonn m kuskhtai, xumbanei d
toto plestVsi to stomcou canntoj tj mtrhj par fsin, t
pimnia plew gnetai to proskontoj ka grtera, ste t p
tj gunaikj m xullambnesqai prj tn tknwsin, tn te to ndrj gonn piosan diafqeresqai gnetai d tata to te smatoj
ka tn mhtrwn nosentwn. 'All de tatV katwterik didnai
dialeponta, ka purin lon t sma, ka tj mtraj xei ka
qalssV, mlouj diaprouj mbllonta mbllein d j t purhma
kuparssou prsmata, ka dfnhj flla kyaj clwrj, ka poluknmou ato flla purin d koon n dokV kairj enai crnon met d toto klosqw, xei neyn lwto tornemata, ka
dinon, ka pouluknmou ato t flla p teleutj d qumin,
flmou flla kyaj ka lwto tornemata
, .
.
,
.
.
() ()
, .
,
. .
,

372
llot' mrxaij yhcr polknhmon ka rganon,
(558a-559c):
*mrxaij lepsaij Gbd
*mrxaj kpisaj v
ygma polknhmon o mn noma botnhj,
o d leptn. grfetai ka yhcr polknhmon
shmanei d pot mn t peryhgma, pot d tn botnhn
dhlo, j mnhmoneei ka 'Apollj n t per botann.
*polknhmon polukndulon GK
*polknhmon ka rganon edh botann bd
,
, = , , (Hofmann, 1974).
373
pollki d' midaj ceirj broj anuso qrwn
para camaiptuoj, tt' ntidoj aon rehj
non dika poluknmoio kolosaj,
(55a-56f):
nn d <t G1C> tj camaiptuoj fhsn, <
ka nguroj ka sidhrtij lgetai ka wni gra G2XY>
G1XY
tt'] pot G2

220

 ( , 4.94374)
, .
5 .
. (1.155375)

(Aconitum napellus L.). (
, 12.107376) ,
2 ,
.
Woodward, Gerard (selfe-heale,
prunell brunell, The Herbal, 92) Prunella vulgaris L.
Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler. ,
.
, . Ajuga reptans
L.377 (Lamiaceae) (bugle)
. Culpeper (The English Physitian, 280)
ntida lgei t rganon <sti G1> d do gnh
rignou, < G1C> mej crmeqa, < ka meron lgetai G2X>, ka o noi sqousin, ka parelhfen, < ka
ntij lgetai j lambnein keleei t flla ej misu plhronta t bqoj tj ceirj, to poluknmou tj camaiptuoj, ka met tessrwn kotuln onou potzein G2X>
G1X
aon] xhrn f
rehj] tj n t rei f
<dix G1X> bdoj G1Xfm
dika] kldon G2
polknhmon d stin botnin ti otw par toj
izotomikoj <kalomenon ka G1> legmenon. do d ato
diaforj ena fasin o t izotomik gryantej G1X
poluknmoio] do t polknhma, edh botann,
o t izotomik gryantej lgousi m
kolosaj] kyaj G2
kolosaj] qryaj, klsaj f
374

poie d kataplassmenon clwrn xhrn meq' datoj

prj tramata kolln de d pemptaon lein pnetai ka
prj straggouraj ka gmata sn onJ.

375

prj d t piplaia tramata polknhmon leon,

t n toj qulakoij tj ptelaj grn, ka floij d atj
pidemenojsti gr j filrakoll ka flgmanta
poie
, ,
,
.
376
[lb. Per poluknmou.] Polknhmon xhranei ka
qermanei kat tn deutran pstasin, ste ka di toto
traumtwn st kollhtikn.
377

Woodward Consolida media (. Fuchs, New

Kreterbuch, 147, . 219).

221

 Ajuga reptans L.,

.
.
.

(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). ,
,
(Markova, 1997).
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).

, , , .
(.. Melissa officinalis
L., . )
( 2 ) Holmes ().
, .
(Holmes, 1997):
1. Qi ,
. Yang
, , , , ,
( ).
2. , ,
, .
, , , ,
, (, ,
).
3. , ,
.
, , , ,
(, .), (
, .), (, HIV
.), .
4. , ,
,
. ,
, , ,
, (
), , ,
(, , .).
.
, ,
, , . 8 18 gr
( ) 2 5 ml (3 , 6 12 ml
).
.

222


, .
, -,
,
.
, .

,
Qi. ,

, ,
.
,
(Holmes, 1997).
Xia Ku Cao ()
(Prunella vulgaris L.378), ,
.
.
. , , ,
, , , ,
. 15 30 gr .
in vitro
(Hong-Yen et
al., 1986).
.
.
HIV-1,
(Yao et al., 1992),
HSV (Zheng, 1990)379
(Lee & Lin, 1988), (Lamaison et al.,
1991).

,
( Yang , , , ,
, , ).
, ,
, ( ,

378

Prunella vulgaris L. ssp. asiatica Hara (= P. vulgaris

L. var. lilachina Nakai) (Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
379
Pyrrosia lingua Prunella
vulgaris 78 , 38
37.

223

 , , , , ,
, , ).
, ,
( ,
, , , , ,
, .
, ,
,
( ,
, , , , ,
, , , , ).

224


Sanguisorba officinalis L.
Sanguisorba minor Scop.
: Rosaceae
:
: ,
: ,
,
: great burnet (S. officinalis),
salad burnet, garden burnet, (S. minor)
: grande pimprenelle (S.
officinalis), pimprenelle (S. minor)
: Groe Wiesenknopf (S.
officinalis), Kleine Wiesenknopf (S. minor)
: ,
:
: ,
: , ,
:
, , ,
,
: - (S. minor), - (S. officinalis)
:
:
: 8-16 gr ( ), 2-5 ml (3 )
:
:

(1914) Sanguisorba officinalis L. Sanguisorba minor

Scop. ( ,
4.34380). .
(sanguis) (sorbeo).

380

llh sidhrtij klnaj cei dipceij, leptoj, flla

d p mscwn makrn, moia toj tj pterdoj, kroscid,
poll katrwqen, k d tn nwtrw mascaln pofseij
leptj, makrj, p' krou sfairoeid kefaln cosaj tracean, n sprma moion tetlJ, stroggulteron d ka sklhrteron.
dnamij d ka tathj st [ka] tn fllwn traumatik.

225


- (-sitosterol), (gallic acid),
(kaempferol), (coumaric acids),
(quercetin), (vanillic acid) (Duke, 1992b).

( , 4.34).
,
( , 2.12) (,
2.13). (
, 12.121381),
.
, , .

.
,
.
. .
8-16 gr 2-5 ml (Holmes, 1997).
Sanguisorba officinalis L.
, .
, (Grieve,
1973).
Sanguisorba
officinalis L. (Di Yu) (Bensky et al., 1993):
1. A
- (,
, , ).
.
2. .
, .
.

381

[ig. Per sidhrtidoj.] Sidhrtij cei mn ti ka uptikn, ll t ge plon atj grn sti ka metrwj
yucrn, lghj d tinoj metelhfe styewj, qen flgmantj t' st ka kollhtikj. kalosi d' nioi ka tn 'Aclleion sidhrtin mfer mn t proeirhmnV kat tn
dnamin osan, ej ge t nn erhmna, pleonektoshj d'
atj t styei. di ka prj amoagaj te ka dusenteraj ka toj gunaikeouj rmttei oj.

226

 di yu, Shen Nong Ben Cao (Divine

Farmers Materia Medica), .
6-15 gr.
,
( ).
, .

(HSV-1), (VSV,
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus) (Abad et al., 2000),
(HIV) (Bedoya et al., 2001).

,
,
.
.

227


Agrimonia eupatoria L.
: Rosaceae
:
:
: ,

: common agrimony
: aigremoine eupatoire
: Gemeine Odermennig
:
:
: , , ,

:
:

, ,

,

: -
:
:
: 5 gr 500 ml (), 1:2
3-6 gr, 1:10
: Xian He Cao ( Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.)
:

(1914) ,

( , 2.176, 4.41382).
, ,
.
,
382

Epatrioj pa st frugandhj, bdon nafrousa man, rqn, xuldh, leptn, mlainan, ndasun, pcewj
ka mezona flla d k diastmatoj, scismna mlist
pou ej pnte moraj ka pleouj, toj tj pentefllou
kannbewj mllon oikta, ka at d pomlana, prionoeidj x krwn ntetmhmna sprma d peripfuken p msou
to kaulo pdasu, ktw neneukj, j ka toj matoij proscesqai xhranqn.

228

 (Aconitum spp., Ranunculaceae)

, Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. (Lamiaceae) (
, 3.158), (Ruta
graveolens L., Rutaceae) (, 3.29). ,
383 , (
, 14.152).

(agrimonolide), (catechin),
(coumarins), , (quercetin), (ursolic acid) .
(Duke, 1992b).

( , 4.41384)
, ( )
.
,
. ,
() , ,
.

( , 11.879385).
Culpeper (1616-1654) .
,

. , ,
.
(: arquebusade water,
: eau de arquebusade) 15 .,
()386.
383

Scincus.
tathj t flla met statoj coireou palaio lea piteqnta t dusapolwta tn lkn tai, t d sprma ka
pa sn onJ pinomnh dusenterikoj ka patikoj ka
rpetodktouj fele. nioi tathn rgemnion klesan planhqntej tra gr stin, j pedexamen (II 207).

384

385

[kg. Per epatorou.] Epatrion pa leptomeroj ka tmhtikj ka uptikj sti dunmewj, neu
qermthtoj pifanoj, qen ka tj kaq' par mfrxeij
kkaqarei. metcei d ka styewj braceaj, di' n ka tnon
ntqhsi t splgcnJ.
386

(,
1909).

229

 20 .,
.
.
. 18 .
, , (Grieve,
1973).

,
.
(Pallas), (Husard),
(Hortius), (Forestius) . ( & , 1948).
(1972) , ,
, , , , ,
.

.
,
,

(Stary, 1998). (5 gr. 500
ml ) (1:2) 3-6 gr.
, , (1:10387)
( & , 1948).
Xian He Cao (
Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb.), .
, . ,
. ,
, , , ,
. ( 15 30 gr) (Hong-Yen et al., 1986).

(Giachetti et al., 1986)
(Swanston-Flatt et al., 1990).

,
.

. ,
,
, ,
.

387

Schauenberg & Paris (1981) 60-120 gr. 1 lt .

230

 6:

231


1. , . ,
(Taraxacum officinale) (Artemisia absinthium),
.
.
2. , . ,
(Capsella bursa-pastoris), (Rubus
fruticosus) (Oxalis acetosella).
3. , .
, (Levisticum officinale),
(Angelica archangelica), (Petroselinum hortense), (Apium
graveolens), (Daucus carota)
(Foeniculum vulgare).
(Juniperus spp.), .
4. . (Asparagus
officinalis), (Eryngium maritimum), (Althaea
officinalis), fu ling [Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Ginns Poria
cocos F.A. Wolf] zhu ling [Polyporus umbellatus (Pers.) Fries].
5. . ,
[Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski Agropyron repens (L.) P.
Beauv.], (Equisetum spp.) (Betula
pendula Roth).
6. .
(Digitalis spp.), (Strophanthus spp.)
(Silybum spp.).
Yang ,
. .
, ,

, , -, (
-).

232


Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
: Adiantaceae (Pteridophyta)
: Herba Capilli-Veneris
:
: , ,
, , ,
: Venuss-hair fern, black
maidenhair fern
: capillaire
: Venushaar, Frauenhaar
: , .
:
: , ,
: N, , ,
: , , ,
:
: - ()
: , -
: 10-20 gr 1 lt
:
:
( )

.
, 388, (.
), ( , 7.10.5 7.14.1) .
( , 4.134389)
, , , ,
( ) ., ,
.
( , 19.107).
,
( , 4.135)
390. Asplenium
388

, , (.346).
danton o d poltricon fullria cei moia korindrJ, pescismna p' krou, t d abda, f' n kpfuke, mlana scurj, lept, spiqamiaa ote d kaulon
ote nqoj ote karpn frei za crhstoj.

389

390

tricomanj, o d ka toto danton kalosi kat

toj atoj fetai tpouj. moion ptridi, mikrn lan, stoichdn x katrou t flla con lept, fakoeid, nanta

233

trichomanes L.391 .

, ( , 13.41).

392.

,
(, 1980).
(adiantones) (coumarylglycoses),
(astragaline),
(isoquercetine), (quinic acid) (rutin) (Duke, 1992b).
X
( , 3.17),
( , 54.48, , 3.17),
( , 32.114), (, 118.42
169.26), (, 119.36), 393
(, 77.22394). , (
, 35.44)
( , 9.13).
(846), ( , 4.134395)
, , ,
, , , .
llloij p abdwn leptn ka strufnn, parastilb<nt>wn,
pomelnwn.
391
Asplenium trichomanes L. 16 .
1543 Leonhart Fuchs (New Kreterbuch, 310).
392
fetai d n paliskoij tpoij ka tocoij nkmoij ka per tj krnaj.
393

, . , 109.18.
'Wkutkion tj druoptridoj tn zan tryaj n onJ, dj pien ka danton
trbein laJ, ka diesa pnein n onJ krtJ.
394

395

dnatai d t fyhma tj paj bohqen pinmenon

sqmatikoj, kterikoj, splhnikoj, dusourosi qrptei d
ka lqouj ka koilan sthsi ka qhriodktoij bohqe ka
stomcou emati sn onJ poqn kine d ka mmhna ka
locea, sthsi ka amatoj nagwgn. kataplttetai d ka
prj qhridh <lkh> ka lwpekaj dasnei, coirdaj skorpzei,
posm ptura ka craj sn konv. sn ladnJ d ka mursinnJ ka sousnJ ka sspJ ka onJ trcaj eosaj
parakrate, ka t fyhma d ato sn onJ ka konv
smhcmenon. poie d ka toj lektrunaj ka toj rtugaj
macmouj enai meignmenon t trof futeetai d p' felev probtwn n taj mndraij. fetai d n paliskoij
tpoij ka tocoij nkmoij ka per tj krnaj.

234

 ,
, , .
, (. Cistus spp.), (Myrtus
communis L.) (Hyssopus officinalis
L.) , .
(
, 1.140) (,
2.126), (, 2.65).
,
(10), (18) (21).

,
( , 2.15 3.15,
, 22 33), ( ,
1.2.9), .
( , 2.5.1).

( ), (
, 11.814396).
,

.

( , 12.402)
(, 12.417).

(14.321),
.
, (
, 14.47), (, 14.65), .,

(, , 1.309 , , 1.371).
396

[z. Per dintou.] T d danton kat mn qermthta ka yucrthta smmetrn sti, xhranei d ka leptnei ka diafore. ka gr lwpekaj dasnei ka coirdaj ka postmata diafore ka lqouj qrptei pinmenon, ka taj k qrakj te ka pnemonoj nagwgaj
tn glscrwn ka pacwn cumn o smikr suntele, ka
ema koilaj sthsin. o mn qermtht g tina prosbllei saf, kaqper od yxin. ll qeh tij n at
kat tn n totoij ntqesn te ka krsin n t msV
txei.
( , 1.396.14,
. ),
. .
.
,
,

235


( , VI.21397),
398 (, I.33),
(, .47 .48) (, .67).
399
( , 4.11.2).
, ( , 4.134),
(, , , 32)

() .

.
17 .
, Pierre Formius
.

, (Delaveau et al., 1981).

.
, , (10-20 gr 1 lt
) (, 1959
, 1972). Grieve (1931)
. ,
(Delaveau et al., 1981).
(, 1959).

397

Qerapea neogenn paidwn pilhptik pwmnwn Poeidwnou.

pcei ka t neogen paida t t pilhya pqo ka dumetaceriton cei tn qerapean, pln ok naton. gcwre gr t
atn mhtra t qhlazoa diaitqai qermo itoi ka poto,
pw n t gla qermteron gnoito ka leptteron ka pmai
d katapttein t kefal tn brefn qermotroi, oon kpera
danton rin ka lefein laJ nhqnJ unec ka rnJ ka maraknJ qermo. loonta d m brcein tn kefaln mhd t qerm
mhd t yucr, pln epote doi pon pomcein frontrJ ka
mliti ka otw poplnein mnhn tn kefaln t qerm, m bptein d. didnai d ka mli phfrimnon klecein, periptein d ka
t traclJ tn t paiwna zan prfaton, te pteqai e
to tomcou.
,
(740.22-741.1). (Paeonia spp.)
.
398
. . .
, ,
( , 3.56).
399
,
().

236


(Twaij et al., 1985),
(Mahmoud et al., 1989 Singh et al., 2008).

, , , ,
.
(Ceterach officinarum DC).
.

237


Ceterach officinarum DC.
: Asplenium ceterach L.
: Aspleniaceae (Pteridophyta)
:
: .
: , ,
, , , ,
.
: rusty back
: ctrach officinal, doradille
: Schriftfarn
:
:
:
: , , ,
: ,
( )
:
:
:
: 6-9 gr 500 ml ( 10 , 2
), 100 gr 2-3 lt ( 10 ,
, )
:
:

(1914) .
,
( , 3.134400).
( , 11..70).
,
. ,
. (, 1909), ,
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm.

400

splhnoj o d skolopndrion, o d minion, o

d splnion, o d ptruga kalosi. flla cei skolopndrJ
t qhrJ moia, pleona p mij zhj, fumena n ptraij
ka tocoij toj p tn koclkwn paliskoij, kaula, nanq,
karpa, ntetmhmna j t to polupodou, ktwqen pxanqa ka dasa, nwqen d clwr.

238

, (,
1909).

(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981),

.
X
(401
402), , , ( ,
3.134403).
,
(
).
(11.841404) ,

( ).
(13.239),
() (13.242)
(13.243).
( , 14.47),
.

(Ceterach officinarum D. C.) (Adiantum capillus-veneris
L.),
, .

( ,
, . .). ,
(, 1972 Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). O (1977)
, (

401

40 .
.
403
dnamin d cei t flla pozesqnta sn xei ka pinmena p mraj tessarkonta splna tkein de d ka kataplssein tn splna toj flloij leoij sn onJ bohqe ka
straggourv ka lugm ka ktrJ ka lqouj toj n kstei
qrptei. doke d tkion enai kaq' autn ka met minou
plj periaptomnh selnou d nuktj <> mraj oshj
fas den atn rssein ej tkion.
402

404

[xz. Per splnou.] Asplhnon. leptomerj mn,

o mn qerm ge tn dnamin pa. tat' ra ka lqouj
qrptei ka splnaj tkei.

239

Plantago spp.) 405.

(, 1969), ,

(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).

( & , 1948).
. 6-9
gr 500 ml , 10 .
100 gr 2-3 lt , 10
24,
(, ).
,
: 9 gr, 9 gr ( Plantago
psyllium L.) 6 gr ( 21 gr , 10
500 ml ).
: bian xu (, Polygonum aviculare L.) 6 gr, qu mai
( Dianthus superbus L., D. chinensis L.) 6 gr, che qian zi ( Plantago
asiatica L., P. depressa Wild.) 9 gr 6 gr (,
). ,
(, 1969).
, ( & , 1948).

.

.
. ,
,
.

405

100 (320 gr), (640 gr),

1 (1,28 kgr) ,
. : 1 (1,28 kgr), 100
(320 gr), 2 (2,56 kgr) 2 .

240


Daucus carota L.
: Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae)
:
: ( &
), ,
: ,
, , , ,
,
: carrot
: carotte commune
: Mhre, Gelbe Rbe
: , ,
: , ,
,
: ,
,
: , , , , ,
: ,
(,
), ,
( Qi ) (
, , ), Qi
,
( .), , Qi (,
)
: - ( ),
-
:
: ,
: 6-10 gr ( ), 1-4 ml (3 ,
3-12 ml), 1-3
: Bei He Shi ( Daucus carota L.),
:
(),

Daucus carota L.
, (Dalby, 2001).
. ,
(
caroto pastinaca).

241

 . ( , 3.52.1406)
407, , ,

. , ,
. ,
(, 3.52.2408).
( , 3.52, ,
, 2.65).
( , 3.72409). ,
, , ,
. , ,
( ).
. .
Athamanta densa Boiss. & Orph.410
(
, 11.862).
,
, , ,
, .
, .

( )
(limonene), (daucine) (asparagin), ,
, , , , , C, 1, 2, 6,
406

stafulnoj grioj o d kraj kalosi. flla

mn cei moia giggidJ, plattera d ka ppikra, kauln
d rqion, tracn, skidion conta nqJ paraplsion, f'
o nqh leuk, n msJ d mikrn ti porfuroeidj oone krokdion za d daktlou pcoj, spiqamiaa, edhj, dwdmh fq.
407

Daucus gingidium L. D.
carota L. (Tutin et al., 1964-1976).
408
d khpeutj stafulnoj dwdimteroj n rmzei prj t at, katadesteron nergn.
409

dakoj mn tij kaletai Krhtikj, marqJ moia

cwn t flla, mikrtera d ka lepttera, kauln d spiqamiaon, skidion moion korindrJ, nqh leuk n d totoij karpj leukj, dasj, drimj n t diamassqai,
edhj za daktlou t pcoj, t d mkoj spiqamj. genntai d n petrdesi tpoij ka ehloij. d tij ato
sti selnJ grJ paraplsioj, rwmatdhj ka edhj, drimj ka purdhj geuomnJ diafrei d Krhtikj. t d
trton edoj korJ t flla oike ka t nqh leuk kefaln d cei ka karpn moia nqJ, skidion d stafulnJ
oikj, sprmatoj pimkouj plrej j kumnou, drimoj.

410

Athamanta macedonica (L.) Spreng. (Tutin et al., 19641976).

242

 . (),
C, B1 B2. , .

, (Dalby, 2001).
.
.
(,
371b),
,
(Dalby, 2001).
.
.

(242411).
(;), ( ),
. .
(;),
.
1 . ..
, , .
( , 3.52.2412)
411

Hn d gun ktitrskV kousa ka m qlV kbllein,

puroj pefrugmnouj ka katelhlesmnouj ka stafda kekommnhn
leukn, melikrtJ gluker tata diej, laou smikrn paracwn,
nstei pnein didnai met d, afnou sprma tryaj ka xoj ka
chnj star, tata mxaj, sqitw, ka prostiqsqw dfnhj flla
trbousa met d pintw rganon ka glcwna ka lfiton n
dati, pipssousa dfnhj flla kekommna ka tetrimmna lea,
kmmi paramxaj, ka diej dati, pnein didnai. Allo oj
star ka chnj leifa, ka mli j twt mxaj ka tryaj, kleiktn didnai. Allo stafulnon trbwn j leitaton, ka glaktoj pstasin n totJ mxaj, chnj star txaj, tata neysaj,
didnai ofen. Allo rignou flla tryaj j leitata, n mn
cV, clwrj, e d m, xhrj, diej n dati, pnein didnai. Allo
dfnhj karpn tryaj j leitaton, ka j qhlehj star txaj,
ka mliti tata mo pnta mxaj ka tryaj, kleiktn didnai.
Allo stafulnon trbwn j leitaton, n onJ diej kekrhmnJ,
pnein didnai.
412

totou karpj poqej ka prosteqej mmhna kine, rmzei ka dusourosi ka drwpikoj ka pleuritikoj n potmati ka prj qhrwn d dgmata ka plhgj toj d prolabntaj fas m dikesqai p tn rpetn sunerge d ka
sullyei. d za ka at orhtik osa sunousan te
parorm ka mbrua kbllei prostiqemnh. t d flla
lea met mlitoj pitiqmena t fagedainik lkh nakaqarei.

243

 .
, , ,
.
. .
( ),
( ).
.
.
( , 11.862413)

. , .
()
().
,
. (414)
(Athamanta
densa Boiss. & Orph.).
,
(13.325415).

413

[b. Per dakou.] Dakoj, n d tinej stafulnon

nomzousin. mn grioj tton ddimoj to mrou,
sfodrteroj d' n psin d meroj ddimoj mn, sqensteroj d. drimeaj d sti ka qermantikj dunmewj, ka
di toto ka leptuntikj. mn on za prj toj erhmnoij ka fusdj ti kkthtai ka frodisiastikn. t d
sprma t mn to mrou cei mn ti ka at paroxuntikn ej frodsia, t d to grou telwj stn
fuson, ka di toto diourhtikn te ka katamhnwn st
kinhtikn.
414

[g. Per to dakou sprmatoj.] Dakou tj

paj t sprma qermantikn kanj stin, j orhtikn
te frmakon prcein n toj mlista drastrion, mmnwn
te kinhtikn. sti d ka diaforhtikn kanj xwqen pitiqmenon. ka pa d' atj paraplhsaj mn sti dunmewj, sqenestraj d kat t sprma di tn tj
datdouj grthtoj pimixan. sti ge mn ka ath qerm tn krsin.

415

prj liqintaj, j
Bssa Marou qerapeqh, ste qrptein ka aqij m
sunstasqai. kassaj b. selnou sprmatoj g.
smrnhj minaaj d. peprewj leuko b. libnou g.
lqou Suriako enoj a to qleoj a. stafulnou sprmatoj, nsou n b. strakoj g. rewj
'Illurikj g. mkwnoj leukj sprmatoj b. nardostcuoj son, mugdlwn pikrn kaqarn, srou n
g. smurnou sprmatoj, kuprou n b. mlitoj 'Attiko t kann, ddou kaq' mran

244


(, Kaibel 9.12.1416). ( ),
, (), ,
, .

(), ,
, (!), .
( , 2.23417)
, . ,
. ,
.
416

STAFULINOS. otoj drimj sti, fhsn

Dfiloj, kanj d qreptikj ka estmacoj mswj
diacwrhtikj te ka pneumatdhj, dspeptoj, orhtikj kanj, diegertikj prj frodsia di ka p'
nwn fltron kaletai. Noumnioj d' n t `Alieutik fhsi
fllwn d' ss' sparta t t' rrzwtai roraij
cematoj d' ptan polunqemon ear khtai,
acmhrn sklumn te ka grida stafulnon,
fin t' mpedon ka kaukald' groitin.
Nkandroj d' n deutrJ Gewrgikn fhsin (fr. 71
Schn)
n d te ka marqou kaulj baqj, n d te zai
petraou, sn d' atj paucmeij stafulnoj,
smurneon sgkoj te kunglwssj te srij te
sn ka rou drimea kataycoio pthla
d' per rniqoj kletai gla.
mnhmoneei to stafulnou ka Qefrastoj. Fainaj d' n e per futn grfei otwj kat d tn
ato to sprmatoj fsin kalomenoj sy ka
t to stafulnou sprma. kn t prtJ d fhsi
petasdh tn tn spermtwn pelhfe fsin nnhson, mraqon, stafulnoj, kaukalj, kneion, krion,
sklla, n nioi muhfnon. pe d rou mnhmneusen
Nkandroj, prosapodoton ti ka Fainaj n t
proeirhmnJ biblJ grfei otwj drakntion,
nioi ron rwnia. tn d stafulnon Dioklj n
prtJ `Ugieinn stafulnon kale. t d kartn
kalomenon (mgaj d' stn ka eauxj stafulnoj)
ecultern sti to stafulnou ka mllon qermantikteron, orhtikteron, estmacon, eoikonmhton,
j Dfiloj store.
417

Per stafulnou ka dakou ka karou.

A zai ka totwn sqontai, trofn mn ttona gogguln
cousai kaqper ka tn Kurhnawn rwn, qermanousai d safj
ka ti rwmatzon mfanousai. t mn on dspepton ataj mowj
prcei taj llaij zaij orhtika d' es, ka e pleonzoi tij
atn n t crsei, kakocumterai metrwj ecumotra ge mn stin
kar to stafulnou. tinj d tn grion stafulnon nomzousi
dakon, orhtikteron mn nta, farmakwdsteron d ka pollj
ysewj demenon, e mlloi tij sqein atn.

245

 .
( ). ,
,
.
, .

. 30 gr 500 ml (1 oz 1
pint), 45 60 ml.
.
1,75 3,55 ml (1/2 1 fluid drachm).
(Grieve,
1931).
, ,
, , , ,
. 1/3 1 ( 0,3 1 gr).
, ,
, .
()
, , ,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981),
(aperient).

(Grieve, 1931).
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.

.
(Grieve, 1931).
.
.
(, 1914).

, ,
. ,
, , .
(Holmes, 1997):

246

1. Qi ,
. :
a. Qi ( ,
): , ,
, , .
b. Qi (,
, ):
(.. ,
Ascaris lumbricoides L.).
2. ,
, ,
. :
a. ( ,
, ), , , .
b. Qi (, )
.
c. Qi (,
, , ),
, ,
( ).
3. , .
Qi (,
), ,
, .
4. , .
, , , ,
( ), , ,
(pruritus).
, ,
.
.
, .
, .
6 10 gr, 3 12 ml (3 1
4 ml) 1 3 .

. ()
,
,
.
(Holmes, 1997).

.
Qi
.

.
.
247

 Van Helmont (17 .).

(Holmes, 1997).
Bei He Shi (
Daucus carota L.), ,
.
.
. 3 9 gr (Hong-Yen et al.,
1986).
(carpesialactone)

(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
,
(Chaudhury, 1993),
.

, .

. , ,
. ,

Qi
( ) ,
. Qi
( ),
Qi , ,
,
. ,
Qi (, )
.

248


Foeniculum vulgare Miller
: Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae)
: Fructus
Foeniculi, Radix Foeniculi
: (
), , ,
: ,
,
: sweet fennel, wild
fennel, large fennel
: fenouil
: Fenchel, Brotanis.
: , [Ross (2003):
]
: , [Ross (2003):
]
:
: , , , (Ross, 2003) /
, , , Chong Mai, Ren Mai (Holmes,
1997)
:
, (), ,
, ,
, , ( ),
, ,
( ), , ,
, , , ,
, .
: -
: -,
: 11 ( ),
,
: 1-4 ml ( 1:5, 25%), 6-12 gr (
), 1-2 10 ml
: Xiao Hui Xiang (Mand.) ( Foeniculum
vulgare Mill.), Siu Wui Heung (Cant.)
: &

.
(, , 3.4.9).
249

 (Albert-Puleo, 1980)
,
(, ,
109-110418 , , 566-567419). ,
,
Ferula communis L. ,
3 m, ,
,
.

.
(, 1914). Ruck (1982)
(giant fennel), Ferula
communis L. ,
(,
, 6.1.4 , , 3.77).
Ruck (1982)
,
( , 9.16.2)420,
(,
, 12.959421 , ,
VIII.46). ,
(
, 6.752)422. , Albert-Puleo (1980)
,
Ferula communis L.
Foeniculum
, (
, 3.70).

418

narqhkoplrwton d qhrmai purj

phgn klopaan

419

klyaj kamtoio purj thlskopon agn

n kolJ nrqhki
420

tiqasi d tj desmdaj n nrqhki kalmJ prj t m

popnen sqensteron gr popnesan.

421

,
, (
, 13.416).

. .
422
Ferula communis
L.

250

T , 4-6%
50-60% ( ), 10-15% (
) 423. T
A, B C.
X
(21-34)

.
(V, 99).
(, , 9.16, ,
, 23.22 , , opusculum 31.27).
Albert-Puleo (1980)
, .

, (Papyri Graecae
Magicae, 3.454). ,
(Populus spp.) ,
424 (, .246).

.

(-, , 428425),
(-, , 490),
426 ( , .56427),
423

2-6% , 20% (Samuelsson, 1996).

Marqw ka lekh: tata fut mustik sti ka
mn mraqoj gwgj stin fewn ka p' atj
t graj podontai d lekh ti `Hraklj nelqn styato totwi.
424

425

Otan d mllV ti per tn kstin sunstasqai

pqoj, tde gnetai t shmea sitwn doqntwn
stmacoj plhrotai, ka gnontai fsai, ruga,
odmata per t adoa. Totwn on tn shmewn
genomnwn, bohqen de tde t trpJ labn
mraqron ka slinon, kstou desmdion ceirplhqej,
probrxaj at ej onon edh mran man, prpie
kuqouj b, ka krna met datoj to sou. Toj
d melosi tn shmewn totwn, tde sunstatai
t pqh drwpej, patoj pnoi, splhnj gkoj,
frentidej, straggourai, mprhsmo koilaj, strfoi
te ka pnoi bartatoi.
426

(. , 1992, . ), . .
Nwtij goj ka puretj ka bx ka dspnoia lambnei,
ka t salon ptei clwrn, sti d' te ka faimon, ka ponei
mlista t metfrenon ka toj boubnaj, ka mrV trtV tetrtV orei amatdej, ka poqnskei bdomaoj pn d tj
427

251

(, , 32428 , 201) (,
93). ()
429 ( , 8,
, , 32, 107 ., , 11, 13, 133, 135 .)
(, , 32430), ( ,
35), ( , 104)
(, 44).
, (.. , 6.9).
( ) (
I, 2.86, 3.70431 , 1.130432), (
I, 3.70),
(, 3.70), (
, 2.60), ( I, 3.70).

(, 3.45-46 ,
1.40) ( I, 3.70).
tessaraskadeka kfgV, gij gnetai kfuggnei d' o mla.
TotJ didnai melkrhton nazsaj n kain ctrV, ycwn, selnou
floin potggwn marqrou toto didnai pnein, ka ptisnhj
culn dj tj mrhj, ka pipnein onon leukn dara d' n
dnh prossthtai, clianein, ka loein qerm, n m puretj
polj cV pn d a tessareskadeka mrai parlqwsin, ristzesqai mn tn kgcron, j sprhn d kra skulakou rnqeia fq sqein, ka to zwmo ofnein sitoisi d j lacstoisi crsqai tj prtaj mraj.
428

Eteron paon dnaj malchj tn zan ka marqrou floin ka

krqmou n dati donai pien.
429

.
Locea kaqarein marqrou karpn ka krhqmo tn floin ka libanwtn n onJ didnai pnein.

430

431

mraqon totou sqiomnh pa dnatai gla

kataspn, ka t sprma d pinmenon suneymenon ptisnV. t d fyhma tj kmhj poqn nefritikoj ka toj per
kstin <pqesin> rmzei diourhtikn prcon, rpetodktoij
d ddotai sn onJ ka katamnia gei, n puretoj te nausan
ka kason stomcou paraitetai met yucro datoj pinmenon. a d zai leai sn mliti kataplasqesai kunodktouj qerapeousin. d culj kqlibntwn tn kauln ka
tn fllwn n lJ xhranqej ej t fqalmik, sa prj
xuderkan, skeuzetai crhsmwj culzetai d prj t at
ka t sprma clwrn ti <n> sn toj flloij ka toj kremsi ka za kat tn prthn kblsthsin. n d t prj
spran 'Ibhrv ka pn nhsin moion kmmei, poqerizntwn n t nqsei mson tn kauln tn picwrwn ka pur
paratiqntwn, na p tj qermasaj oon fidrsan xipsV t
kmmi sti d nergsteron to culo prj t fqalmik toto.
432

katasp d gla pleon ppomarqou marqou

fyhma met onou pinmenon

252

 (
1.75 1.79),
(, 2.9), (, 2.35)
(, 2.49).
,
( , 3.70).
(, 3.70).
(, , 19).
, ,
( , 5.65433).
( , 2.58),
434 ( , 2.101).
,
(, 10, 11 19)
(, 22).
( , 1.15435,
2.18.) (, 1.18, 3.22
14.4).

, (
, 1.11436).
433

selinthj selnou sprmatoj rmou nou seshsmnou

o ndsaj ej qnion ble ej kermion glekouj mowj.
poie d rexin, ka stomacikoj d rmzei ka dusourosin
sti d ka epnouj.
ka maraqthj d ka nqinoj ka petroselinthj mowj skeuzontai, prj t at poiontej.
434

sunousan d parorm ka ntseij rgzetai.

435

'En d taj dnaij, pnein frmaka toide

marqrou sprmatoj boloj do, ka libanwtdoj boln, ka sikou sprmatoj kkkouj ekosi, ka po mkwnoj, pnakoj tj
rakleaj tribolon tj zhj, ka meliltou brac, kedraj te
ka kwdaj pefwgmnhj mibolon
436

<'A>p tj pr ia <kalandn> to Febrouarou snazon tathn `Udrocou botnh <t> mraqron kalomenon,
par' noij d draknti<on>.
Niptmenoj on t cul p' odenj qhrou dhcqsV
n d tij dhcq, ptison k to culo son sJ mxaj
met onou ka pallagsetai tn d posthta tj psewj de se stoczesqai prj tn dnamin to qhrou.
skeuzetai d ka gr, tij poie prj tj mbluwpaj ka tj piskotseij tj n toj fqalmoj ginomnaj
ka aqhmern lei kadmeaj botrutidoj dr. h, yimuqou dr. i, par' noij ib, foinkwn kekaumnwn dr. h,
calko kekaumnou dr. b, lukou 'Indiko dr. a, mlitoj
pikro dr. b. leanwn pargcei t cul, ste gensqai mlitoj pcoj ka cr.
kataplassomnh za sn bolb-

253

 , , 437, ,
( , 11.747
12.67438).
.
() (
, 14439)440.
(
, 12.460),
(, 12.568), ( , . , 12.622),
taij fele podagrikoj.
(. , . calendae, kalendae
, dies). , 5 , (
) , ( ).
(ad graecas
calendas solvere) ,
.
. (quintana)
(septimana)
. , ,
. fasti (, ) nefasti
(),
( ).
, (calendae Januariae)
(7) .
437

, 14.448.
[e. Per marqrou] Mraqron qermanei mn
scurj, j k tj trthj dh dnasqai txewj enai xhranei
d' oc mowj, ll kat tn prthn n tij at qeh n
tde txin, ka di toto glaktoj gennhtikn stin, ok
n gennsan, eper xrainen scurj, poceomnoij te bohqe
kat tn atn lgon. sti d ka orhtikn ka katamhnwn gwgn. sti d ka teron mraqron grion,
kalosin di t mgeqoj ppomraqron, o za ka t
sprma xhrantikwtraj st dunmewj kat t meron
ste moi dokosi ka tn gastra kat toq' stnai. o
gr d styej ge safoj atoj mtesti. totou mn on
oc za mnon, ll ka pol mllon t sprma kcru paraplsion prcei ka dnatai ka lqouj qrptein
ka kterintaj sqai ka katamnia kinen ka orhsin
protrpein, o mn qrozein gla kaqper t prteron.
teron d' stn ppomraqron, o t sprma strogglon st
ka drim t to korinou paraplsion, moion mn t
dunmei t to ppomarqrou, sqensteron d.
438

439

mraqron d ka pganon ka koranon ka nhqon k t

at ti totoi da pr t ka qermanein pifan.
440

Holmes (1997)
(Asparagus spp.),
(Petroselinum crispum) (Apium graveolens).
,
(-).

254

 (, 12.738), () (, 12.724, 12,782, 12.801,

, 14.398441), ( , , 12.813
, , 12.815), ( , ,
12.1002), (, 13.59), (, 13.138
13.139), ( , , 13.62, ,
14.551), ( ,
, 13.90), ( , , 13.232 13.233), (,
13.283), ( , , 13.291, 13.303),
( , 14.564) (,
14.542).
( , 14.37),
(, 14.43),
(.. , 14.82).
( , 14.553).
( ,
2.1.), ( , 14.62),
( , 74.6442),
(
, 5.19.3443) (, 8.25.3444).
,
( , 3.71.1445),
441

t glcwni ka marqrou zV sn lerJ

kriqnJ toj krotfouj katcrie.
442

'Isciadikn pthma. 'Orobnou lerou, nssou, marqou sa mtrJ ddou boloj nna onou mikotulJ gei di' orwn pcoj, kanj d kaqraj eroij <n>. ddou
mhkti.
443

Prj toj m dunamnouj plhsizein.

Crein de lpei sunece t adoa mgma conti tj to narkssou zhj mroj brac kkkou to Knidou purqrou stafdoj
tj graj sprmatoj tj kndhj tj gnou. rqizetai d ka
stij po Kurhnako kgcrou mgeqoj ntqetai. katesqein d pr
tj trofj pthmnouj bolboj toj ruqntaj toj mikroj ma
ls ka laJ mraqra pefrugmna ma tarcJ skllhj brac
memarasmnhj.
444

Osa leptuntik sti tricn.

Kriqa, kamoi, roboi, frnitron, ntron. t d sfodrtera
tde tn keramdwn t straka ka t to kribnou, kshrij kaustoj, lkunia, llboroi, bruwnaj za ka to drakontou ka
ristoloca ka kcru. edh d' at poisai boulmenoj mxeij
kuprou ka meliltou ka dwn xhrn ka scnou nqouj rej te
ka stcuoj, nrdou te tj 'Indikj ka tj Keltikj ka marqrou
fllwn ka mmou ka kstou.
445

Prj kunodktouj ka nqrwpodktouj ka piqhkodktouj.

Spggon xei desaj pitqei marqrou zan kyaj met
mlitoj pitqei 'Illurikn lean met mlitoj, skon mgdala
pikr tryaj pitqei liqrguron ka laj lenaj pitqei. prj

255

 (4 . ..)446!

(, 2.39) (, 2.347).
( , .95,
.101), (, .97, VI.10),
(, VI.7), (, IX.28) (, IX.30
31) 447 (, XI.35 XVI.26,
).
( , .59.8)
(, IV.54.9).

13 ., Herbal Rufinus De
Viribis Herbarum -Macer. Rufinus
(. Thorndike, 1956). Aemilius
Macer448,
,
(. Frisk, 1949, . 88)
(, . 89),
(, . 89-90)449.
Mattioli (1565)
. ,
.

, .
.
d t dh pepuwmna robon leon met mlitoj pitqei. prj d
t flegmanonta liqargrJ leJ meq' datoj katcrie.
446

,
(Juglans regia L.) [Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd.] ( , 1.125 2.108
). , , ,
.
447
prj presin tn morwn, : Poie prj ntasin ka pleonasmn
frodiswn, ka mlista p tn presbutrwn ka sqenn poie ka prj paidopoian.
448

De Viribus Herbarum (On properties of plants)

Aemilius Macer, 16 .. ( Ornithogonia
Theriaca, ), Odo de Meung (Odo
Magdunensis), 11 . (Meung,
Loire). De Viribus Herbarum
10 .
11 ( 1070
1112). ,
77 .
1477. Frisk MS. X91
( ).
449

.

256

 (Anethum graveolens
L., Apiaceae), (..
Gerard). Culpeper (17 .) ()
, 450.
,
(gin). ,

.

.
1930,
.

,
.
,
(Albert-Puleo, 1980).
A .


(, 1972).
. (1916)
,
, .
, , , ,
, , , .
, , ,
(Delaveau et al., 1981, ,
2000 .). T , [Petroselinum crispum (Mill.)
A.W.Hill, Apiaceae] (Mentha spp., Lamiaceae)
(, 1972).
451 ,
, . (, 2000).
(,
.).
(.. , ),
, .

().
Ross (2003) ,
. ,
, . ,
450

Albert-Puleo (1980). Gerard

Woodward (1927).
451
- , .

257

 , , , , ,
( ), ,
.
Holmes (1997)
(, , , Chong Mai Ren Mai).
:
1. Qi ,
, ,
. ,
. :
a. Qi . , , .
b. Qi . , ,
(, , , ,
, , ,
).
2. ( ).
.
a. .
, (
, , PMS,
).
3. (),
. ,
.
a. .
,
, ( , , ,
, Qi
, ).
4. , .
, .
a. - .
, , (, , ,
).
5. ,
. .
:
, ,
, , , (..
, ), ,
( , , ), .
(demulcent) (restorative)
, .
Qi ,
, .
lao lin ( ).
22OK 28, 3Ren Mai, 28 7.
258


Xiao Hui Xiang ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.),
Tang Bencao452. ,
, ,
. Qi, ,
(), .
, , , .
1,5 5 gr.

.
, ,
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
(
) (6 12 gr ), (6 12 gr
) (1:5 , 2 4 ml, 3 ).
,
(
) (1 2 , 10 ml ) (Holmes, 1997).
, ,
20 . National Standard Dispensatory (Hare et al., 1916)

. ,
(Dodds et al.,
1938 Zondek & Bergmann, 1938).
( ),
. Zondek & Bergmann
(1938)
.

, .

(Macer, 1515).
, [,
Lophophora williamsii (Lem.) Coulter, Cactaceae], (,
Acorus calamus L., Araceae) (, Myristica
fragrans Houttuyn, Myristicaceae).
(stilbene) (diethylstilbestrol)
, (dianethole) (photoanethole)
.
.

(Opdyke, 1974), 1977
(Ainley, 1977).
,
452

Su Ching 659 .. Tang.

259

 ,
.
,
(Chakurski et al., 1981)
(Ruberto et al., 2000 Kwon et al., 2002).
,
(El Bardal et al., 2001)
.

, .
.
(),
. .

, . Qi
, (
) . ,
, .
( ,
, .). ,
( ). ,
( ,
) . ,
, ( ) .
, , ,
.

260

 7: &

261


Lycopodium clavatum L.
: Lycopodiaceae (Lycopodiophyta)
: Herba Lycopodii
:
:
: stag-horn, club-moss, wolfs claw
: lycopode en massue
: Kolben-Barlapp, druidenkraut
: , ,
: , ,
:
: , ,
: ,
-
( , ,
, )
:
: ,
: ( )
: 9 15 gr , 0,65-4 gr 9
(3 1 500 ml )
: Shen Jin Cao ( L. clavatum L.
cernuum), Jin Bu Huan [Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis.]
:

.

, A New Herball William Turner (1551-1568, .
132) ( , 4.126),
.
.
( Osbaldeston & Wood,
2000) Chamaepeuce
diacantha DC453, . Turner
spica celtic. 16 .
Muscus terrestris, Muscus terrestris repens Muscus
clavatus (Fluckiger & Hanbury, 1879 Grieve, 1931),
Mattioli (1565),
Basilius Besler (1613).
453

taxa Ptilostemon diacanthus (Labill.) Greuter Ptilostemon chamaepeuce (L.) Less.

.

262


(lycopodine),
(clavatine) (clavotoxine)454.
50% , (Schauenberg &
Paris, 1981). (annotinine)
(AChR)
, (Roberts & Wink,
1998).
X

( , 4.126455) ( ,
1.230.3456). (.
), -.
( )
druidenkraut gras duw ( )
(Roberts & Wink, 1998).
Muscus terrestris .
,
,
(Grieve, 1931 Flck, 1988).
(Flck, 1988).
17 . ,
, ,
(),
(Grieve, 1931, Schauenberg & Paris, 1981
, 1959). 10-60 grains
(0,65-3,89 gr) (Grieve, 1931) 9
, 3 (1 500 ml ).
,
454

(clavolonine),
(lycopoline), fawcettidine (lycodoline), lycoclavanol,
lycoclavanin, clavatol 16-oxoserratenediol, ,
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
455
camaipekh poie prj sfoj lghma lea sn dati pinomnh.
Curtius Sprengel (Khn, Lipsiae, 1829)
: , ,
Aldus Manutius (, 1499): ,
, , .
, ,
( , .).
456
camaipekhj b met onou,
2 (1,456 gr) .
, 6,48 gr.
15 gr (Hong-Yen et al., 1986).

263

 ( ), (, 1959).

.
.
.
Lycopodium
.

16.00 20.00 (15.00 17.00
17.00 19.00 ).
, (Boericke,
1927).
(,
, , , )
.
,
(Lloyd, 1911 Whitebread, 1941).
(Shen Jin Cao, L. clavatum L. cernuum)
Ben Cao Shi Yi457 shih sung.
, ,
. -, (
Qi) .
, , ,
, , .
9 15 gr .
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
20 .
(Schauenberg & Paris,
1981 , 1959).
,
( ).

(, 1959).

HeLa in vitro (Mandal et al., 2009),
p-dimethylamino-azobenzene
(phenobarbital) (Pathak et al., 2009).
Lycopodium-30 (Pathak et al.,
2006).
(Orhan et al., 2007). L. clavatum -onocerin

(Orhan
et al., 2003).
457

(Additions to the Materia Medica), Chen

Cangqi, 713-741 ( 739).

264


Lycopodium clavatum L. Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank &
Mart. (. L. selago)
, , , ,
. (huperzine A)
(Felgenhauer et al., 2000),
Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis.,
(Jin Bu Huan).
,
, .
, (Fei Yong,
lung carbuncle),
, , , ,
. 9 15 gr ,
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
Alzheimer (Patocka, 1998).
(
donepezil rivastigmine galantamine)
NMDA,

Alzheimer (Bai et al., 2000 Zangara, 2003).
,
.
, , ,
, , , .

()
.
, - ,
( , ,
, ).

265


Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm.
: Scolopendrium officinale Swartz.,
Scolopendrium vulgare Sm. Asplenium
scolopendrium L.
: Aspleniaceae (Pteridophyta)
: Herba Linguar cervinae
: ().
: ,
.
: harts tongue fern, spleenwort
: langue-de-cerf, scolopendre
: Hirschzunge
:
:
:
: , H, N, OK
: ,
,
:
: - ()
:
: 10 gr 500 ml
:
:

(1914)
( , 3.107458).
, (
, 54) ,
, Ceterach
officinarum DC459.
, 460.
(1977) .
458

fulltij flla nhsin moia lapqJ, pimhkstera d ka eqalstera, ex pt, rq, lea k tn ntj,
k d tn pisqen kaqper sklhkaj conta leptoj, phrthmnouj fetai n paliskoij ka paradesoij, geusamnJ
strufn ote d nqoj ote kauln ote karpn frei.
459

Skolopndrion t splhnn stin ( , , VI.3.18).

460

RV: fulltij o d fullj, o d kaulon, o d lpaqon grion kalosin.

266

spleenwort ,
( ) .
hart's tongue fern
(hart,
).

T , (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).

(lutein), (6S,9S)-roseoside, icariside B2
picrionoside A (Sohn et al., 2008).
X
(
, 54461).
,
( , 3.107462).
( ,
12.152463) ( , 7.3.21).
(
, 11.108464)
(
, 13.214) (, 13.235).
( , .148) ,
(

461

tata pnta xhranei ksa d xa, yuktik. O d cumo diourhtiko, krqmou, selnou, skordou pobrgmata, kutsou, marqrou, prsou, dintou, strcnou ycei skolopndrion, mnqh,
sseli, srij, kaukaldej, perikn, kndai diacwrhtiko d ka
kaqartiko, rebnqwn, fakj, kriqj, tetlwn, krmbhj, linozstioj, ktj, knkou tata pnta pocwretai mllon diouretai.
462

tathj t flla met' onou pinmena prj rpetodktouj

poie. p tetrapdwn d di stmatoj gcumatisqesa bohqe
pnetai ka prj dusenteran ka dirroian.

463

[i. Per fulltidoj.] Fulltij, strufnj osa poithtoj, ok p trpou diaoaj te ka dusenteraj nnhsi pinomnh.
464

Splna mntoi skiomenon o mnon

xwqen scuroj farmkoij qerapeein proskei, ll ka
di pomtwn scurottwn. ncetai gr ka totwn lpwj.
rista d' x atn kapparwj zhj floij ka skolopendrou ka murkhj a te zai ka o krmonej. yein d t
toiata pnta proskei n xei te ka xumliti.

267

 , , .10).
.
(1969) , , . T
,

(, 1972). T
, , .
16
(th suisse), (Delaveau et al., 1981).

(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
10 gr 500 ml .
(Schauenberg &
Paris, 1981).
.

,
, .
( , Ceterach
officinarum DC).

268


Arbutus unedo L.

Arbutus andrachne L.
: Ericaceae
:
: ()
:
, , ,
(A. andrachne), ,
, , (A. unedo),
, , ,
()
: strawberry tree, arbutus
berries (A. unedo), Greek strawberry tree (A.
andrachne L.)
: arbousier, arbouses
: Westliche
Erdbeerbaum, stliche Erdbeerbaum
:
: , ( )
: ( )
: ,
: , ,
,
,
, ,
, ,
.
: - (), - ()
(, )
: (12 ) (), ()
: -
:
:
:

(1914)
Arbutus andrachne L., Arbutus unedo L.
(, , 1.5.2, 1.9.3, 3.16.4-3.16.5465 .).
465

Parmoion d t fllon ka ndrclh cei

269


. unedo de unum edo,
, (Delaveau et al.,
1981 Dalby, 2001). ,
(, , 3.16.4466).
(,
.270.20467).
,
.

(, 2000).

(arbutin),
(arbutoflavonol), (cryptoxanthin), (hydroquinone),
(leucodelphinidin), (lycopene), (myricetin),
(unedoside) . (Duke, 1992b).
X
() ,
(Dalby, 2001468).
t komrJ, mgeqoj ok gan mga tn d floin
leon cei ka perirrhgnmenon karpn d' cei
moion t komrJ.
466

`H d kmaroj, t memakulon frousa t

ddimon, st mn ok gan mga, tn d floin
cei leptn mn parmoion murkV, t d fllon
metax prnou ka dfnhj. nqe d to Puaneyinoj t d nqh pfuken p mij kremstraj
p' krwn botrudn tn d morfn kastn
stin moion mrtJ promkei ka t megqei d
scedn thlikoton fullon d ka kolon sper
n kkekolammnon t stma d neJgmnon
tan d' panqsV, ka prsfusij tetrphtai,
t d' panqsan leptn ka sper sfnduloj
per trakton krneioj Dwrikj d karpj
niaut pepanetai, sq' ma sumbanei totn
t' cein ka tn teron nqen.
467

Mimakuloj: tj kranaj karpj o d tj komrou.

468

, , 14.68:
mugdlaj ka mla ka mimakula
ka mrta ka slina kx onou btruj
ka mueln.
unedo,
.
(Naturalis Historiae, XV.99).

270

 ,
, (
, 6.620-6.622469).
()
() ( , 1.122470, ,
, 12.34471). (1914)

().
.
( ,
2.124472) 473,
469

t mn on krnia ka t btina ka t balnou ka t

mimakula (kaletai d' otw to komrou karp) qoui unqw
o kat to gro, to d tn llwn dndrwn te ka qmnwn o
pnu ti. limo ge mn katacnto pot tn metran cran efora
te genomnh tn te balnwn ka tn meplwn, n iro at o
groikoi qhaurante nt tn ithrn demtwn econ n te t
ceimni pant ka to prtoi to ro. mproqen d bor un
an a toiatai blanoi, ll tte ge potrepmenoi to diaqryai
totou n t ceimni, kaqper mproqen eqean, n rc mn
ato fxante cranto totoi prtoi e dwdn, teron d
to iro noxante qion t balnou parakeuzonte pithdeou e brin llot' llw. n dat te gr yon note ka kat
qermn podin gkrptonte ptwn ummtrw. aqi d' n pote ka
kataqlant te ka leiante tno x atn pooun, note mn
dati mnJ deonte pembllont t ti tn dumtwn, note d |
ka mlito piconte met glakto yonte.
krnia gr ka promna ka btina ka kunbata ka brbula ka mimakula ka
zzufa ka
dipura ka likkaba ka t termnqou ka t crdou karp
a t' lla toiata brac mn ti trfimon cei, | kakcuma d pnt'
t ka tin g' atn ka kakotmaca ka hd, un nta brmata
ka totwn oc mrwn, ll tn n to rei diaitwmnwn p'
atn gon kenoi plethn coui trofn.
470

kmaroj dndron st parmoion kudwnv, leptfloion, karpn con j kokkumlou mgeqoj, prhnon, memakula kalomenon, pepanqnta d pkirron, sqimenon curdh, kakostmacon ka kefalalg.

471

[lq. Per komrou.] Kmaroj. strufnn t poithti

t dndron ma t karp, mhmkulon d nomzousin atn. sti d ka kakostmacoj otoj ka kefalalgj.
, .
472
ndrcnh dnamin cei stuptikn, <yuktikn>. kataplassomnh d met' lftou bohqe kefalj lgmasi ka
fqalmn flegmonaj ka taj llaij ka stomcou pursei ka rusiplati ka kstewj lgmati. brwqesa d
amwdan ka stomcou ka ntrwn prwsin ka eumatismn pranei, nefroj te daknomnouj ka kstin e diatqhsi ka tj prj sunousan rmj klei. paraplhswj d
ka culj atj nerge pinmenoj ka n puretoj poin,
ka prj lmeij strogglaj ka amatoj ptsin ka dusenteran ka prj amorroda ka prj shpj dgmata. ka

271

( ), , ,
. ,
.
, .
, , ,
.
,
, .
(3 ), (2 ), ()
( , 11.830474).
,
. ,
, .
( , 2.7.t)
( ,
, 7.3.1475).
.
, ,
(Portulaca oleracea
L., Portulacaceae).

ej t fqalmik d crhsmwj megnutai, gklusm t stin

ntrwn eumatizomnwn ka daxwmnhj mtraj, ka prj tj
x gkasewj kefalalgaj sn odnJ laJ mbregma, prj
te t n kefal xanqmata sn onJ smgma, prj tramata
d sfakelzonta sn lftoij kataplassmenoj.
473

.
, Thesaurus Linguae Graecae.
474
[mg. Per ndrcnhj.] 'Andrcnh yucr sti ka
datdhj tn krsin, lgou d tinoj asthro metcei. di
ka pokroetai emata ka mlista coldh ka qerm
met to metabllein at ka lloion kat tn poithta kanj mycein. ka eh n n mn t to ycein
dunmei trthj postsewj p tn summtrwn te ka mswn, n d t to granein deutraj. tat toi ka toj
kausoumnouj nnhsin eper ti llo kat te stmatoj tj
koilaj pitiqemnh ka lwn tn pocondrwn, ka mlista
p tn ktikn puretn, amwdaj t stin ama xhrasmna tacwj p tj tn xwn cumn milaj at leianous te ka naplhrosa, t glscron cein tn grthta.
ka cumj d atj mowj, ste o mnon xwqen pitiqmenoj, ll ka pinmenoj mycei. toto mn
ge ka at t botnV sumbbhken lV brwqesV. di d
t postfein ka dusenterikoj stin pitdeion desma ka
gunaikeJ ka amatoj nagwgaj. ej tata mntoi pol drastikteroj atj tj paj culj stin.
475

'Andrcnh ycei mn kat tn trthn ptain, granei d kat

tn deutran tat toi ka to kauoumnou nnhi kat t koila pitiqemnh ka pokroetai t emata t te glicrthti t
k tn xwn amwda kataleanei, di d tn tyin ka duentera
ka amorraga nnhin.

272


, . O (1969)
.
Arbutus unedo L.
(Delaveau et al., 1981).
(Ziyyat et al., 1997).
, .
,
.
, .

.
()
,
(, 2000).

, . ( )
[ Fu Ling Wolfiporia extensa (Peck) Ginns],
(.. Gui Zhi Cinnamomum cassia Presl.)
(Zhi Gan Cao:
, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer ex DC.)476.

. Arbutus andrachne
L. 3 , ,
(Boericke, 1927).
Arbutus unedo L. (Pagon &
Damjanic, 1968) () (Ziyyat et al., 2002).
ethyl gallate,
Mycobacterium (Stuart, 1987). ,
(Chiej, 1984).

.

, .
.

, () .
,
.
.

476

Lng gu zh gn tng () ( Poria, , Atractylodis )

Shng hn ln: Fu ling 12 g , gui zhi 9 g, bai zhu 6 g zhi gan cao 6
g. .

273

274


Rubus fruticosus L.
Rubus canescens DC.
Rubus idaeus L.
: Rosaceae
:
: , ,
: ,
: blackberry (R. fruticosus),
raspberry (R. idaeus)
: ronce commune (R. fruticosus),
framboisier (R. idaeus)
: Brombeeren
: & : , ,
, : , , ,
: , :

: , : , , :
: , ,
: , , , Chong Mai, Ren Mai
:
(, , , ,
), , ,
, ()
: -
: -
: - (), ()
: 4-8 gr 250 ml , 1:1
25% (4-8 ml), (1:5 25%, 1-2 ml, 3
)
: Fu Pen Zi ( Rubus chingii Hu)
: ,

Rubus fruticosus L. ,
Rubus idaeus L.477 (, , 4.37
4.38 ). ,
(Morus nigra L., Moraceae),
(Dalby, 2001). , ,
,

477

, 112, 14.

275

 (32478).
(1914) Rubus
canescens DC. ( , 3.18.4479).
.

T ,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
(arbutin), - (-amyrin), (hydroquinone),
(inositol), (sitosterol), (stigmasterol) .
, (ferulic acid),
(chlorogenic acid) . (Duke, 1992b).
X

, (Dalby, 2001)
(, 1997).
( , 5),
( , 38)
( , 32480).

(, 66481). (, 104)
(, 78),
(, 90), (, 166), (, 194)
(, 210).

478

mra t p to btou xhrnaj ka tryaj...

479

Eti d ka to btou plew gnh, megsthn d

contej diaforn ti mn rqofuj ka yoj
cwn, d' p tj gj ka eqj ktw newn ka
tan sunptV t g izomenoj plin, n d
kalos tinej camabaton. t d kunsbaton
tn karpn pruqron cei ka paraplsion t
tj aj sti d qmnou ka dndrou metax ka
parmoion taj aij, t d fllon kanqdej.
480

Eteron mra t p to btou xhrnaj ka tryaj lea ka lfita potania namxaj son xbafon mfotrwn n onJ edei ka
dare pintw.

481

Hn lkea ggnhtai tosin adooisi ka xusmj lambnV,

lahj flla ka kisso ka btou ka oij glukehj tryaj lea,
onJ palai diej, peita labn srka potainhn, prosqenai, ka
kataplsai tosi flloisi, ka ctw tn nkta wqen d xelomnh, mursnhn n onJ feyosa, t onJ diakluzsqw t adoa.

276

 , (, 186482).
, (839),
(332).
( , 4.37483)
,
( 484), 485.
()
. ,
, , , ,
.
() ().
,
.
. ,
, .
(, 4.38486),
.
, .
,
482

`Oktan gunaik mazj tricisV, stoibj karpn, btou

yn n dati ka laJ, ka toj mazoj kataplssein, ka tetlou flla piptein peita yai k kouj j kurbashn,
tekmhrmenoj son tn mazn kcwrsei, ka otwj ntiqnai tn
titqn n d diapV, meinon tmnein, ka erJ erupwmnJ motsai, ka pibllein twt metpeita lsanta fak fq xn
lftJ mxai ka kataplssein.
483

btoj, n ginskomen stfei, xhranei, trcaj bptei

t fyhma tn kremnwn atj, koilan te sthsi pinmenon
ka on pcei gunaikeon ka prhstroj dgmati eqete
kratnei d ka ola ka fqaj gizei diamaswmnwn tn
fllwn, ka rphtaj pcei ka craj toj n kefal qerapeei ka fqalmn proptseij ka kondulmata ka amorrodaj kataplassmena t flla, ka p stomacikn d ka
kardiakn lea pitiqmena rmzei. d culj atj kqlibntwn tn kauln ka tn fllwn sustrafej n lJ bltion poisei pnta. to d karpo atj peperou mn telewj culj ej tj stomatikj rmzei, sthsi d ka koilan
sqimenoj mswj ppeiroj ka t nqoj d atj poqn
sn onJ koilan fsthsin.
484

.
, ( , .4).
486
btoj 'Idaa klqh mn di t polln n t IdV
gennsqai. sti d palwtra poll tj pr atj, knqaj mikrj cousa ersketai d ka cwrj knqhj.
dnatai d t at t pr atj, k perisso d tathj
t nqoj sn mliti leanqn fqalmn flegmonaj pericrimenon bohqe ka rusiplata sbnnusi, stomacikoj d meq'
datoj n pot ddotai.
485

277

 .
.

( , 8.3)
(, 9.2).

(, 2.52), (, 3.41),
(, 3.46) (, 4.38).
(
, 2.2). ( ,
11.848487) (, , ,
) .
.
. ,
() .

( , 1.44).

(96 gr 3,2 lt 30 gr 1 lt)
, ,
, , . T
(20%) ,
, .
.
( & , 1948 Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).

487

[d. Per btou.] Btou ka t flla mn ka o

blasto ka t nqoj ka karpj ka za stuptikj metcousi poithtoj, ok safj. lllwn d diafrousin n tde t t mn flla ka mlista t malak ka na, plestou to datoj metconta bracwj st
stuptik. kat d tn atn lgon ka o blasto, ste
ka diamaswmnouj fqaj te ka tlla t n t stmati qerapeein lkh ka mntoi ka tlla tramata dnasqai kolln. sti gr krsij atn k gedouj yucrj osaj ka datdouj cliarj. d karpj e mn
eh ppeiroj, ok lgou metcei ka to summtrwj qermo cumo, glukoj prcontoj, j dexamen, ste ka di
tot te ka tn metran styin ddimoj ok hdj stin.
d' wroj p yucrj gedouj osaj pikratetai ka
di toto strufnj t sti ka scurj xhrantikj. ka
mn d ka xhranqej kteroj potqetai, xhrantikteroj
n to prosftou. ka t nqoj d tj atj t' stn
t rJ karp dunmewj, ej dusenteraj ka emata
gastrj ka tonaj ka tj to amatoj ptseij pitdeia frmaka. d za prj t stfein ti ka leptomeroj osaj ok lghj metelhfe, di' n ka toj n
toj nefroj diaqrptei lqouj.

278

O ( ), ( ),
( ).
,
, .
, ( & , 1948).
& (1948), 20 .
, ,
, .
. ,
(2 .
..).
Rubus canescens DC. R. fruticosus L.
,
.
.
R. idaeus L. , ,
, .
.

(). 4-8 gr ,
(1:1 25%, 4-8 ml) (1:5 25%, 1-2
ml).
Rubus
chingii Hu Fu Pen Zi (
Ming). , .
. ,
. ,
, , ( 9 15 gr).

. ,
, , Chong Ren Mai.
(Holmes, 1997):
1. , .
(- -, ,
), (
-), ,
, , , , ,
.
2. , .
, , , .
3. (, ).
4. Qi,
().

279

5. ,
. , , , ,
, , ,
.

.
.
.
.
.
Rubus
fruticosus L. (Alonso et al., 1980).

, .
( - -,
, ), (
-), ,
, , , .
.
, (,
, , ).
(, ), Qi,
() ,
. ,
, , , , , ,
.

280

 8:

&

281




, ,
(diaphoretic = 488).
.
( Brassica oleraceae var.
silvestris L.) ( ,
2.121489), (
), (Euphorbia
resinifera Berg.) ( ,
3.82490), ()
(, 3.56491).
( , 1.396.14492)

,
( , 11.833493).
.
(Adiantum capillus-veneris)
( ), (, 11.814494).
,
(, 12.884.12495).
, (

488

diaphoretic
sudorific ( sudor = facere = ), .
489

.
490

491

,,,
,,,,,.

492

,
,

493

[..].
.,
.
.
494

[..]
,.
495
[..],
.

282

 , 12.476.4496).
,
, (. ).

( ), .
,
. .

(release):
i. () (release the exterior).
1. / : -, .. ma huang (), gui
zhi (), sheng jiang ().
2. / : -, .. bo he (
), niu bang zi (), sang ye ( ).
ii. (release the muscles).

, ,
, , (, ) (Hong-yen et al.,
1986).

496

283


Morus nigra L.
Morus alba L.
: Moraceae
: Cortex Mori Radicis,
Ramulus Mori, Folium Mori, Fructus Mori, Syrupus Mori
: , ,
, ,
: ,
: black mulberry, white mulberry
: mrier noir, mrier blanc
: Schwarze Maulbeere, Weie
Maulbeere
:
: ( ), ( )
: ()
: , , ,
: :
, : ,
, : ,
:
, :

: - ( )
: -
: ( )
: 30-60 gr 1 lt
(), 40-80 gr 1 lt ()
: Sang Bai Pi (
Morus alba L.), Sang Zhi ( ), Sang Ye (), Sang Shen
()

(1914) (
, 4.2.1) ( ,
1.126) Morus nigra L.
. .
Morus alba L., 6 . .. ,
, .
12
., Morus alba L. 1434 ..
Morus nigra L.
,
(Grieve, 1973).
284

 ,
(Rubus fruticosus L., Rosaceae) (Dalby, 2001).
( , 4.2.1)
( , 1.127) Ficus sycomorus L.,
.
(, 2.36).

.
25 s ,
(Taylor et al., 2006).

(albanins) (albanols),
(lupeol), (mulberrofurans) . (-sitosterol), (biotin), (choline), (moracetin),
(sarcosine), (scopoletin), (scopolin) .
(amyrins), , , ,
, , , , (betulinic acid),
(cyclomorusin), (cyclomulberrin),
(kuwanons),

(morusin),

(mulberranol),
(mulberrofurans), (sitosterol) . (Duke, 1992b).

( , 102497) (,
193498),
(, 31499).

497

Lwto prsmata, sukamnou flla mo lea mxaj, diej dati stafdoj, katplasse.
(Lotus corniculatus L.) , ,
.
498
H lwto prsmata ka sukamnou flla ka on xn stafdi.
() , (Rhus coriaria)
.
499
Hn kousan col lupV, ptisnhj culn ddou, on pipsswn tn ruqrn tn k
tj sukamnou, yucrn d ofetw, ka katastsetai.
,
. .

285

 ( , 1.126500)
( ), ( ).
,
.
501, .
(), , (Cyperus
rotundus), , ( Crocus sativus), ,
.
(Rhus coriaria) .

( ),
(Aconitum spp., Ranunculaceae).
,
. (Ficus carica L.) (Vitis
vinifera L., Vitaceae) .
( 50 ml)
,
.
. (),
, () .

( )
, .
, , .
.

500

mora sukminon dndron st gnrimon, o karpj lutikj koilaj, efqartoj, kakostmacoj ka x ato
d culj t at dr, yhqej d n calkmati liasqej
stuptikteroj gnetai. migntoj d at lgou mlitoj poie
prj emata ka nomj ka parsqmia flegmanonta pitenetai d ka dnamij ato paramigeshj stupthraj
scistj ka khkdoj ka kuprou ka smrnhj ka krkou, ti
d ka murkhj karpo ka ridoj ka libanwto. t d wra
mra xhr kopnta nt oj toj yoij megnutai ka koiliakoj nnhsin. d tj zhj floij suneyhqej dati ka
poqej koilan lei ka platean lminqa ktinssei ka toj
kniton pepwksi bohqe. t d flla lea sn laJ kataplasqnta purkauta tai, yhqnta d n mbrJ dati sn
mplou ka sukj melanhj flloij bptei trcaj. d
culj tn fllwn falaggiodktoij rgei poqej kuqou
plqoj, to floio d ka tn fllwn t fyhma diklusma
eqetn stin dontalgaj. pzetai d per tn puramhtn
tj zhj periorucqeshj ka kkopeshj ersketai gr t
sterav ppagj tij, j prj te dontalgaj poie ka
fmata diafore ka koilan kaqarei.
501

.
.
, ()
: , , , , , ,
( , 10).

286

() .
, .
,
( ,
12.78.15502).
,
() ( , 12.468)
. (, 12.502)
(, 12.509).
,
, , , ,
. ( , 13.541503)
502

[kg. Per moraj.] Moraj karpj mn ppeiroj pgei gastra, d' wroj xhranqej stegnwtikn kanj gnetai frmakon, ste ka prj dusenteraj rmttei
ka koiliakj diaqseij ka tj llaj sai odeij. kptetai d ka toj yoij mgnutai, kaqper ka tj o
karpj, e tij qlei di' datoj onou pnetai. ti d
tn peperwn culj ej t stomatik frmaka crsimoj
prcei di tn sunosan at styin, odej gnoe. ka
prj lla d dhlonti poll tn kat mroj, sa metraj
detai styewj, rmttei. t d' wra prj t strufnthti
ka xthtoj metcei. ka t smpan dndron n pasi toj
ato mresi miktn tina dnamin oiken cein x fektikj
te ka kaqartikj sugkemenon. pikrate d n mn t floi
tj zhj kaqartik met tinoj pikrthtoj, ste ka platean lminqa ktenei n d toj lloij moroij fektik.
kat d t flla ka toj blastoj, msh pwj mfon
stin krsij.
503

Moscwnoj katagmatik, frmakon piteteugmnon prj t netrwta ka diakopj tn nerwn ka tj met periqlsewj
diairseij, poie ka prj t met tramatoj katgmata.
ka gr toj tramasi bohqe ka pwro t sta met
tj deoshj pidsewj pitiqemnh, ka toj rcomnoij drwpikoj. poie ka prj tj tn didmwn periqlseij, stafido ka tj per tn dran xocj. poie ka prj agdaj boutrJ niemnh, poie ka prj brogcoklaj, dialei
psan sklhran. poie ka prj paratrmmata ka lugsmata. poie ka prj tj p tn podn ka ceirn tuloeidej panastseij, j louj kalomen, j cwrj lksewj
fairen ka kaqlou st polucrhsttaton frmakon,
poie ka prj rcomnouj drwpaj. t d tj skeuasaj
cei otwj. liqargrou mn a. d mn p totou to farmkou cei lkj rx. psshj grj rx. statoj mosceou rx. htnhj terminqnhj p. mnnhj libnou p. khro m. o h. popnakoj h. calbnhj h. laou kiknou kotlhn a. xouj t son, po
sukamnou kotlhn a. psshj grj kotlhj misu. tn liqrguron leiotthn ka t kkinon laion baln ej ggoj
kerameon ka calkon, kaqej p purj ye. ka tan
nabrsV, pballe t star ka tn mnnhn kinn sunecj. ka tan sustraf, pballe pssan, khrn, htnhn
ka ysaj mcrij molntou ppasse calbnhn, eta n
ka popnaka xei dialuqnta. tn d pn to sukom-

287

 (, 13.550).
, (
, 2.159, 2.161, 2.164 , 2.178).

.
,
(,
2.36-2.37504).
rou ka tn pssan tn grn ej teron ggeon mbllontej yomen, ka tan sustraf, pibllomen t prtJ
farmkJ, ka plin qntej p t pr yomen mcrij molntou, ka ej onon katersantej men p trej mraj,
peita malssontej crmeqa ej qnion mplssontej. de
d kat tn pqesin to farmkou onJ desantaj taindion kqlbein ka tte peritiqnai t farmkJ. j d
mteroj kaqhghtj Lekioj skeasen, cei otwj. t
star ka t laion prteron tkomen, ka tan dialuq,
katapssomen leiotthn mnnhn ka tn liqrguron. ka
tan sustraf, t pmena poiomen ka kat toto t
frmakon ka kat t fexj at gegrammnon rx. dracmj fhsin cein tn mnn. edhlon on, ti tn 'Alexandrewtikn lgei mnn oggaj k. cousan, pwj ksth tn
oggin cV h. otw gr sumbsetai tj rx. cein
tn mnn. llh Klaudou Filoxnou, peloj pigrafomnh,
504

SUKAMINA. ti pntwn plj otw kalontwn at 'Alexandrej mnoi mra nomzousi.

sukmina d o t p tj Aguptaj sukj, tinej
sukmora lgousin. per o picrioi p brac knsantej sidhrJ sin p to futo ka p to
nmou kinomena ntj mern trin otw ppona
ka edh gnontai, mlista d zefrwn pneusntwn, ka ddima j <di> t n atoj rma yucrn ka toj puretanousi met odnou laou kataplattmena p to stomcou pitqesqai ka ok
lga parhgoresqai toj nosontaj. frei d tn
karpn toton Agupta sukminoj p to xlou
ka ok p tn pikarpwn. mra d t sukmina
ka par' AsclJ n Fruxn p to Ektoroj
(fr. 257 N)
nr d' kenoj n pepateroj mrwn.
n d Krssaij ka kat tj btou (fr. 111)
leukoj te gr mroisi ka melagcmoij
ka miltoprptoij brqetai tato crnou.
Sofoklj (fr. 362)
prton mn yei leukn nqonta stcun,
peita foinxanta gogglon mron.
ka Nkandroj d n Gewrgikoj (fr. 75 Schn) mfanzei ka ti prteron tn llwn krodrwn fanetai morhn te kale t dndron e, j ka o 'Alexandrej
ka morhj, pais plei meligma noisi,
prton paggllousa brotoj dean prhn.
Fainaj d' <> 'Ersioj 'Aristotlouj maqhtj tn tj graj sukamnou karpn mron kale,
nta ka atn gluktaton ka diston te pepan-

288


,
. (30-60 gr 1 lt
) , (Punica granatum
L., Punicaceae) .
(40-80 gr 1 lt ),
, ( ) .
. (Syrupus Mori)
20 . ,
.
, , ,
, , (Grieve, 1973).
Pitcford (1993) , Yin
, - .
.
(vertigo)
. ,
, , ,
.
, , , .
,

, .


, .
, ,
. Morus alba L. (Sang Bai Pi)

qeh. grfei d otwj (FHG II 301) t mron t

batdej xhranqeshj tj sfaraj tj sukamindouj
spermatikj cei tj sukamindeij diagonj, kaqper
flouj ka diafuj cei yaqurj ka ecmouj.
Parqnioj d brun fhsi sukmina, kalosin nioi
mra Salamnioi d t at tata btia Dhmtrioj
d 'Ixwn t at sukmina ka mra oon amroa
ka skwn menw. Dfiloj d Sfnioj atrj
grfei otwj t d sukmina, ka mra lgetai,
ecula mn stin, ligtrofa d ka estmaca
ka ekkrita. dwj d totwn t nwma lminqaj
ktinssei. Pqermoj d store, j fhsin `Hgsandroj (om. FHG IV), kaq' atn tj sukamnouj
ok negken karpn tn ekosi ka gensqai pidhman podagrikn tosathn ste m mnon ndraj t
pqei nsceqnai, ll ka padaj ka kraj ka
enocouj, ti d gunakaj. peripesen d otw t
deinn ka apolJ j t do mrh tn probtwn
nsceqnai t at pqei.

289

 ,
. (Bensky et al., 1993):
1. ,
.
2. ,
Qi .
( ), ,
.
3. .
(Sang Zhi) , .
(Bensky et al., 2003):
1. , .
2. .
Morus alba L. (Sang Ye) , .
, (,
2011):
1. , ,
. ( ),
, (, ), ,
, .
2. , .
, ,
( ).
3. .
4. .
Morus alba L. (Sang Shen) .
, .
Yin.
, , .

Yin. (Bensky et al., 2003).

.
5-15 gr , 10-30 gr , 5-15
5-16 gr .
,
(Bensky et al., 2003).
Morus nigra
L. (Souza et al., 2000).

, (Petlevski et al., 2001).

290


, .
, , .
, ,
. ,
Yin , , .
, , ,
.
.

291


Achillea millefolium L.
: Asteraceae ( Compositae)
: Herba Millefolii
cum flore
:
: ,
, , ,
: milfoil, yarrow
: achille, millefeuille, herbe
aux charpentiers
: Schafgarbe,
Garbenkraut, Blutstillkraut
: ,
: , ,
: (
, ), ,
, ,

(), , ,
(), ,
, , Qi (,
, , , ),
, , , ,

: , , , , , Chong Mai, Ren Mai

: , ,
, ,
(), , ,
, ,
, Qi ( ,
), .,
,
, ,

: -
:
: (-)
: 2 , 8 14 gr (), 2
5 ml (3 )
: Yang Shi Cao ( Achillea millefolium L.)
:
, ,
() ,
( )

292


(1914)
( , 4.102505).

.
. (,
, , ) 4.36
(, 4.36506). (,
4.114) Myriophyllum spicatum L.,
.

, : , ,
, , , , ,
. 0,1 1,4%
(pinenes, 16%), 1-8 (1-8 cineol, 10%), (thujone),
(azulene, 0 51%), (sabinene), (eugenol), (camphene),
. ,
(achilleine), (betaine), (trigonelline), (betonicine),
(stachydrine), , (apigenin), , ,
(aconitic acid), (acetic acid)
(isovalerianic acid), (succinic acid), (salycilic acid),
505

stratithj cilifulloj sti qamnskoj mikrj,

spiqamiaoj ka mezwn, cwn t flla moia neotto pter
es d a kfseij tn fllwn sfdra braceai, scismnai,
oike d mlista t flla t bracthti kumnJ grJ, ka
ti bractera, ka t skidion d puknteron d toto ka drteron cei gr p' krou karfa mikr, f' n t skidi
stin nqou trpon, nqh mikr, leuk. fetai d [mlista]
n tpoij rgoj, potracsi ka mlista per tj doj.
506

kalos tinej ka tn 'Aclleion sidhrtin. frei d

abda spiqamiaa ka mezw, traktoeid, ka per atoj
fullria lept, ntomj puknj k plagwn conta, prosemfer
korJ, ppikra, glscra, polosma, ok hd, farmakdh
d tn smn, skidion p' krou periferj, nqh leuk, eta
cruszonta fetai n egeoij tpoij.
. ,
, ,
, , , , ,
() .
.
RV: 'Aclleioj o d murimorfon, o d cilifullon,
o d stratiwtikn, o d sidhrtin, o d `Hrkleion, `Rwmaoi
souperklioum bnerij, o d ko<rind>roum silbtikoum, o d
militrem, o d millefllioum, Afroi stircillq.

293

 (asparagin), inulin, cyanogenic glycosides, phytosteroles,

(stigmasterol) (sitosterol), ,
, (achillin, millefin, deacetylmatricarine), (quercitrin,
kaempferol,
apigenin,
luteolin),

(rutin),

(hydroxycoumarins), , (tricosane, pentacosane, heptadecane),

(linoleic, palmatic, oleic), , ( 48%,
, , , , ) C (Holmes, 1997).

( , 4.102507)
,
. (, 4.36508)
,
.
, .
(.. Ross, 2003)
(..
Gerard) .
(12.121509),

, . ( ,
15.1:18.20510)
( Sanguisorba spp.,
Rosaceae, . ).

.
1 oz (31,1 gr) 1 pint (568
ml), 45 60 ml, ,
.
(, .).
507

sti d botnh ath sfdra gaq prj amorragan

ka lkh palai ka prsfata ka sriggaj.
508

ka totou kmh lea namwn st kollhtik ka flgmantoj, amorragaj te fektik ka tj k mtraj n prosqtJ ka t fyhma d atj stin gkqisma okaj
pnetai d ka prj dusenteran.

509

[ig. Per sidhrtidoj.] Sidhrtij cei mn ti ka uptikn, ll t ge plon atj grn sti ka metrwj
yucrn, lghj d tinoj metelhfe styewj, qen flgmantj t' st ka kollhtikj. kalosi d' nioi ka tn 'Aclleion sidhrtin mfer mn t proeirhmnV kat tn
dnamin osan, ej ge t nn erhmna, pleonektoshj d'
atj t styei. di ka prj amoagaj te ka dusenteraj ka toj gunaikeouj rmttei oj.
510

kalosi d tinej ka tn clleion sidhrtin pleonekte d t styei tj proeirhmnhj.

294

 0,5 1 drachm ( 2 4 gr). Highlanders

(
Psoroptes equi Hering.). Linnaeus
.
(Grieve,
1931).
. supercilium veneris
( )
.

, , .
, , , , , Chong
Mai Ren Mai. (Holmes, 1997):
1. , .
, ,
.
a. : , ,
, (, ,
).
b. :
,
(, , ,
, ,
, , ,
, , , ).
2. Qi, ,
, .
Qi ,
, (
),
, ,
, , ,
, , .
3. Qi,
, ,
.
a. Qi : , ,
(, , ,
, 511, ).
b. Qi : , ,
( , ).
4. Qi, ,
.
a. Qi ( Yang ): ,
, , ,
(, , ).
511

, .

295

b. Qi : ,
(, ).
c. Qi : , , .
d. Qi :
,
,

( , ).
5. Qi , ,
, .
Qi ,
, (..
, ).
6. , ,
.
,
, , , ( ,
, .. , ).
7. ,
. ( ,
), ( , ,
), , ,
(), (
).
,
. .

,
( , .)
( .).
, .
2 , 8 14 gr
2 5 ml .
512.

( ).

.
(Holmes, 1997). Ross
(2003),
,
Yin .
Ross (2003)
( ),
.
,
:

512

Ross (2003).

296

 : ,
.
: Qi .
:
, .
Yang Shi Cao
( Achillea millefolium L.),
.
Perry (1980)
. Qi (
), Qi , Wei Qi ( ), Yin,

(Ross, 2003).
Pubmed Medline
260 , .

(Ross, 2003)
(Tajik et al., 2008). (linalool)
17 10 (Pattnaik et al., 1997).
in vivo
(Bradley, 1992). in vivo
(Chabrod et al., 1931 Ross, 2003).
.
3 (
A, B C) (Tozyo et al., 1994).

. ,
, ().
, ,
. ,
, ,
. Qi, , .
, .
, ,
. , ,
. ,
.

297


Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.
: Anthemis nobilis L.

Matricaria recutita (L.) Rausch.

: Matricaria chamomila L.
: Asteraceae ( Compositae)
: Flos Anthemis seu
Matricariae
: , ,

: ,
, , ,
, (Matricaria recutita),
(Anthemis nobilis)
: Roman chamomile,
mayweed, common chamomile, double
chamomile (Anthemis nobilis), German
chamomile, motherwort, feverfew, whitewort
(Matricaria recutita)
: camomille romaine,
camomile noble (Anthemis nobilis), camomille
allemande, camomille commune, camomille
vraie, matricaire, espargoutte (Matricaria
recutita)
: Rmische Kamille,
Rmische Hundskamille, Magdblume,
Hermelein, Langenblume (Anthemis nobilis),
Echte Kamille, Mutterkraut, Mettram,
Fieberkraut (Matricaria recutita)
: (), 1
1 () [ (Ody, 1994) (Ross, 2003)]
: [ , (Ross,
2003)]
: (.), , (.),
(.)
: , , , ,
: , ,
, , ,
(, , , , ,
, , , ,
, ),
, ,
( ,
, ), Qi
(,
298

 , ), (
, ,
Qi ), ( Qi
,
, , , ), ( Yang
, ,
, ) ( Qi
, ), - ,
, ,
,
,
,
, , , , ,
,
: -
:
:
: 2-14 gr 20 1 ( ), 2-10 ml
(1:5 45%, 3 ), 1
: Ju Hua ( Chrysanthemum morifolium)
:
( ),

: , Jue Yin, Shao Yang Tai Yang

Chamaemelum
nobile Matricaria recutita.
(, , ,
, ), ,
(
, 19.101.7513). ,
( , 3.137514).
Anthemis chia ( A. tinctoria
, 1914), ( A.
chia, , 1914,
513

enqemon: per ka nqemj lgetai ka camamhlon.

514

nqemj o d leuknqemon, o d rnqemon, pe

aroj nqe, o d camamhlon di tn prj t mla moithta tj smj, o d mhlnqemon, o d crusokallan, o d
kallan kalosi. tathj edh tra, nqesi mnon diafronta
klnej spiqamiaoi, qamnoeidej, masclaj contej pollj,
fullria mikr, lept, keflia perifer, ndoqen mn leukn
ka cruszon nqllion conta, xwqen d perkeitai kukloterj leuk mlina porfur <fullria> kat mgeqoj phgnou. fetai d n tpoij tracsi ka par tj doj, sullgetai d aroj.

299

 Anthemis rosea.
. -
( , 387.3, .
,
19.101.7).
(, Vindobonensis
Medicorum Graecorum 1, 3.137515).
. , .
, ,
, ,
, , ()
. ,
. ( ).
.
.
()
.
. .

0,4-1%
, (tiglic),
(angelic acid) ( 85%),
(sesquiterpene lactone, nobilin), (chamazulenes)
(proazulenes), ( ),
(farnasene) (bisabolol). ,
(quercetin), (luteolin), (apigenin)
(patuletin), ( ), ,
, , (valerianic acid),
, , ,
( scopolin), , , , ,
, .
( )
(blue chamazulene), ,
(caprylic) (monylic acid), ,
(pinocarvone), (anthemol), (polyphenols),
(sesquiterpenes), , (furfole) .
, (anthemidin) (luteolin),
(coumarins), ( ),
(Holmes, 1997).

515

RV: camamhlon ..... `Rwmaoi mlioum, Afroi stirtifr.

300


Matricaria recutita

,
.
.

.

.

Matricaria recutita (, 2001), (78.107516),
,
. 5 , ,
, , ,
(0,0114 lt), ,
15 .
.
.
(
, 3.137517). .
516

Coron xgei, ka pimnia katasp, ka mbruon mergon lkei

kanqardaj pnte, potlaj t pter ka t sklea ka tn kefaln, eta trbolon t
paraqalssion kyaj xn t zV ka tosi flloisin, son kgchn, ka t
enqemon t clwrn tryon son plqoj, ka selnou sprma, ka
shphj pentekadeka n onJ gluke kekrhmnJ tata mo, ka
peidn dnh cV, pnein ka n dati qerm gkaqizsqw, pintw d melkrhton darj ka glukn onon leukn. Usteron d517

dnamin d cousin a zai ka t nqh ka botnh qermantikn, leptuntikn pinmenai d ka gkaqizmenai gousi
katamnia ka mbrua ka lqouj ka ora potzontai d ka
prj mpneumatseij ka eleoj, ka kteron d pokaqarousi ka patikoj ntai ka t fyhma d atn ej
puraj lambnetai tj prj kstin. praktikteron d toj
liqisi t porfuranqj, per toj loij st mezon, dwj
rnqemon kalomenon t leuknqemon d kalomenon orhtikteron ka t crusnqemon. qerapeousi d ka agilpia kataplassmenai, diamasmenai d ka fqaj ntai.
crntai d tinej ka sunalemmati met' laou leiotribontej atn prj naskeun tn periodikn puretn. potqesqai d de t flla ka t nqh, kaston atn kptontaj dv ka nalambnontaj <ej> trocskouj, tn d zan xhranontaj creaj d pigenomnhj didnai t mn to nqouj
t diplsion, n d tj botnhj tj zhj, t d tonanton to nqouj mroj <n>, tj d botnhj do nallx diplasizontaj par' mran pnein d de n onomliti kekramnJ.

301

 () ,
, .
(), .

. ,
.
,
. ,
.
, .
2:1:1 (,
), 1:2:1 1:1:2 .
. -

( , , 27).

( ) (
, 1.12, 3.13 12.1518).
1 ,
( , 11.833.6519),

(Ody, 1994, Holmes, 1997 .).

.
( 1 )
(, )
,
(, 11.564.10520).

518

[Per liqishj kstewj.]

Toj d lqouj toj n kstei genomnouj kat rcj mn peirsqai pexgein farmkoij t d frmak sti prasou te
sprma, ka ppomarqrou za, ka rtemisa, ka nqemj
edhj, ka mrakoj, ka grwstij, ka sa prteron prj toj
nefroj erhtai
519

[mz. Per nqemdoj.] 'Anqemj camamhlon. erhtai mn kn t trtJ grmmati per tathj tj paj p
plon. ersetai d ka nn n kefal, j xhranei ka qermanei kat tn prthn txin. sti d ka leptomerj ka
di tata diaforhtik ka raiwtik ka calastik tn
dnamin prcei.
520

T gr toi tj mshj krsewj ka t

f' ktera brac parallttonta frmaka ka qermanein
n dxei pote ka ycein aqij, note d mte qermanein mte ycein, ll' oa parlabe t smata diafulttein, ka toto elgwj pponqen, e ge t cliarn dwr
ka t oron n mn toj balaneoij yucr, toj d' yugmnoij qerm fanetai. eper on par t pwj cein t

302

 ( ,
12.507.10521) 522 , .
(, 12.519.2, 12.561.1), (, 12.666.5), (, 13.228.5),
(, 13.318.9), (
, 13.644.10) ( )
(, 13.1008.7).

( ).

(
, 11.563.3, 11.563.7, 11.563.14).

, ( , 5.33.7523).
(, 14.38.13).
( ,
diatiqmena ka t diatiqn oc mowj nergen fanetai,
dlon j ote t don ote tolaion ote t camamhlon ote t linspermon, ll' od t nhqon ote
t tlinon leuron, ll' od t prinon od' lla mura,
t te kribj msa taj krsesin, t te brac parallttonta, tn atn nrgeian pidexetai di pantj. ote
gr gianontej mowj kekrmeqa pntej, ote tj atj
nosomen nsouj. atka g toi t dinon n t metax
tn krsin kekramnon laou te ka to tn dwn culo.
to mn gr tton prcei qermn, to d mllon. naycei mn gr toj gkekaumnouj t cliar dhlonti tj
qermthtoj, lgon d ti ka toj kateyugmnouj qermanei.
diti ka toto rgon st cliarj qermasaj, sper ge ka
t balanea ka toj igntaj qermanei ka toj gkekaumnouj naycei.
521

fexj d t odnJ t camaimlinn stin, f' n

swmtwn dedokamen myuxin sfodrn rgsasqai.

522

( ,
) (12.573.5),
.
.
[To ato 'Arcignouj perapta prj kefalalgan.]
'Epeid d ka perapta toj kefalalgosin grayen 'Arcignhj, sa mn odna lgon atrikn cei toj
perv kekriksi, tata paralepw, kat tina qaumastn
ntipqeian gnwston nqrpJ fskousin nergen, sa d
lgon atrikn cei tn p' 'Arcignouj gegrammnwn klxaj r mna, kat tn kenou lxin ato, kaqper cri
dero per tn farmkwn praxa.
523

Camaimhlton.
Onou 'Askalwntou ka, mlitoj z, camaimlwn kokkwn $
brce t kokka sn t onJ mraj k ka diulsaj at, ysaj t
mli ka pafrsaj nwson ka nadsaj a.

303

45.18) , (,
45.19). ,
(Origanum dictamnus) (
, 3.14.1524)
( , , , .),
, , .
524

.
,<>,,
,,,
,,,,
,,,
,,,,
,,,
,,,
(),
,,
,,,
,,,,
,,,,
.
,
,
,,
,
,
,,
<>,
,
.
,
,.

.
,,,
,

.
,
.

,
.
.
.

304

 ( ,
3.65.1525), ( ).

( , .38526 .114527),
. ,

, .

.
, .
(1200) (babunaj)
2 (Al-Sulami, Imtihan al-alibba li-kaffat al-atibba528, 12).
525

`H di foinkwn.
Tlewj, linosprmou n a, meliltou, camaimlou n g,
foinkwn b, onou edouj h, datoj a, rtou kaqaro b,
liqargrou b, yimuqou b, laou e, khro a, kolofwnaj a,
terminqnhj a. ye wj molntou.
526

'Anqem camamhlon qermanei ka xhranei kat tn prthn

txin t d leptomer ka di tata ka diaforhtik ka raiwtik ka calatik tn dnamn ti. e mn on eh clwrn, nafeyen at de t laJ, m parnto dhlonti to camaimhlnou
laou n bracn t nqo liqh. e d xhrn eh, xei lgJ
pronotiqn, peita ymenon n t laJ, pitdeion ggnetai f'
n opw tleon lh ppautai t p tn kefaln nafor tn
gr oan n t kefal diafore ka tran ok piptai, per
oden tn llwn untetchke farmkwn. Necey d Agptio
parakeleetai at t nqo kaqarn to camaimlou kmaitaton
ullgein ka kptein n lmJ, peita leion e mla n quv, ka
naplttein trockou ummtrou ka xhranein n ki kribtata
ka potqeqai. p d t crea leianta trockon na ka pibalnta laou prwteou t rkon, crein t pn ma p kefal mcri podn p tn purettntwn pntwn ka qlpein kpV.
kinhqetai gr dr crht, fh, p tn wqhomnwn ka
pallagontai to pureto. ka peperatai toto p pletwn ka
rmdin ti mlita n doiporai cein toto di t emetakmiton. parakeleetai d ka potzein totou trockou to purttonta on b meq' dato qermo.
527

Camaimlinon keuzetai otw laou gluko taliko xth

e, tn d nqn kaqarn t camaimlou b proeyugmnwn mrv
mi qnV d rai cr kepzein t tma to bkou, na diapnhtai t laion ka lion mra m hd gr tina mn, oikuan
grJ, prolambnei t camaimlinon e m diapnoito. fulttein d
at cr met tn lwin poeiranta n okoi ekrtoi p
andi tiqnta tn bkon crqai d at p kefal metrw
puknwqeh ka dunwmnh k puretn ok gan diakan. raio
gr to prou ka diafore to tmo ka katakirn t drimthta, ka t lon parhgoriktern ti toto to odnou p tn
m gan qermn puretn.
528

The Experts Examination for All Physicians, ,

Al-Sulami 1200-1208 ( 596-604). 3
(19 .), Bursa (16 .).

305

 (2001)
,
, ,
( ) (.
, 1982).
Ross (2003) ,
, . Holmes (1997)

, , ,
Chong Mai Ren Mai.
,
, ,
.

(Holmes, 1997 Ross, 2003):
1. Qi ,
, .
a. Qi ( ) (,
, , ,
):
, , (
), .
b. Qi (,
, , , , ):
( ), ,
, .
2. Qi, ,
,
, .
a. Qi ( ,
,
, , ,
): .
b. Yang ( ,
, , ):
.
c. (, , ):
, ,
.
d. Qi ( ,
): ,
( , , ,
, , ( ),
, , , .

306

3. Qi (wheezing)
, ,
.
a. Qi ( , ,
): ,
..
b. (
): , ,
.
4. , ,
.
(, , , ,
): ( )
, ( Shao Yang
Shao Yin), , , ,
( , ,
).
5. - , ,
.
a. (
): ,
(, Enterobius spp.).
b. (
): , ,
, urticaria (), , , ,
, , , 529 .,
( ), .
Ju Hua (
Chrysanthemum morifolium), , (
) . 2 :
.
, . 4,5 15
gr (, 2011).
( ).
() (
),
.
35 C.
( )
.
( )
.
529

,
, ,
, . (, 1902).

307

 3 .
50-150 300 kg .
20% (, 1985).
(2-14 gr)
(1:5 45%, 2-10 ml).
20 ( 1 ).
.

, ,
, , , , , ,
. , (1
1 gel cap )
(Holmes, 1997 Ross, 2003).

(blue chamazulene).


3 ,
, .
,
(sitzbaths),
.
.
, , , .
.
,
, ,
.
, (Holmes, 1997).

, .

, .
(Ody, 1994 Holmes, 1997).
Ross (2003) ( )
.
.
Camomilla
.

1. ,
, ,
. , , , ,
, ( Shao Yang
Shao Yin), , , ,
308

 ( , ,
).
2. ,
, .
, ,
,
, .
3. Qi , , , .
a. ,
, .
Qi ( ,
, ), ,
.,
(
), , ,
.
b. , .

(, , ,
, ),
, ,
( )
Qi (,
, , , , ,
, , ,
).
c. Qi ( ,
,
, , ,
): .
d. Yang ( ,
, , ):
.
e. Qi ( ,
): ,
( , , ,
, , ( ),
, , , .
4. - , ,
.
(
),
309

 (, Enterobius spp.),
(
), , , ,
urticaria (), , , ,
, , , .,
( ), .

(sitzbaths), ,
.
, ,
, . ,
, , .

, .

310


Mentha x piperita L.
(Mentha aquatica L. x Mentha spicata L.)

Mentha pulegium L.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
: Folium Menthae
piperitae, Oleum Menthae piperitae
: ,
: ,
, , ,
(M. x piperata),
(M. pulegium)
: peppermint (M. x
piperata), pennyroyal (M. pulegium)
: menthe poivre (M. x piperata),
menthe pouliot (M. pulegium)
: Pfefferminze, Edelminze,
Hausminze (M. x piperata), Polei-Minze (M. pulegium)
: 3 ,
( )
[
, ].
:
: , . : ,

: , [, ],
, , , .
: , , ,
: , , [Ross, 2001: , , , , ]
: , -, ,
( , ,
, , ), , ,
, ,
(,
, , , ,
Qi , ),
Qi, ( ,
, ,
, ),
, (
/ , , ,
, , , ),
311


, . ,
( , , ,
, , , , )
: -
: ( )
: - ( )
: 3-10 gr (Ross, 2001: 2-4 gr) 1 lt (),
1-3 ml (1:5 45% , 3 ), 2-10
25 ml 2% , 2 -4
: Jing Jie ( Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.), Bo
He ( Mentha haplocalyx Briq. M. arvensis L.)
: ( )
1 ,
, ,
Yin

,
, (, , 3.34, ,
, 11.882, , , .270
.271).
Mentha (Mentha spp.).
,
(.. , 78 109 74,
119 .).
(, , 3.34)
530. ,
Mentha x piperita ( Mentha x
piperata) (Dalby, 2001).

.
.
: M. aquatica L., M. spicata L., M. pulegium
L., M. microphylla K. Koch, M. longifolia (L.) Huds., M. arvensis L. M.
suaveolens Ehrh. M. pulegium L.
(, , 3.31),
.
.

(3.31)
(3.34)
(3.35)
(3.35)

530

Mentha pulegium L.
Mentha x piperata L.
Calamintha incana L.
Calamintha nepeta L.
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds.

,
, (, 8.3.14).

312

 (3.35)

H 2-3 (Oleum Menthae Piperitae),

.
(menthol, 40- 90%) (menthone, 7-20%),
(jasmone), , , .
Mentha arvensis var.
piperascens, 92%. T 300 kgr
2 lt (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
X
(, , 490),
( , 28531)
(, 74).
( , 3.34532)
, ,
( ). ,
, , ,
, . 2-3
(Punica granatum) ,
, .
.
( ), ,
, ( ) ( ).
,

. ,
. (
531

Hn d pepgwsi, fakoj ysaj n xei ka dusmJ

poll, lkein tn tmda j t stma ka tj naj prosscein,
.
:
.
532
dosmon, o d mnqhn gnrimon botnion, dnamin
con qermantikn, stuptikn, xhrantikn qen ama sthsi
pinmenoj culj ato met' xouj ka lminqaj ktenei strogglaj, frodsi te reqzei ka lugmoj ka mtouj ka colran paei do tra klwna sn oj xeaj cul poqnta
diafore d ka postmata met' lftou kataplasqn ka
kefalalgan parhgore piteqn t metpJ mastn te pertasin ka sprghsin pranei. sn ls d toj kunodktoij
katplasma, talgaij te culj sn melikrtJ rmzei. gunaix d pr to plhsizein prostiqmenon sullhmyan rgzetai glssn te tracean paratribmenon leanei ka gla
trwton fulssei, napoklusqntwn at klwnarwn, ka
kaqlou stn estmacon ka rtumatdej.

313

 , 11.882533 .),
3 , 534.

,
(
,12.538.2 , , . ).
,
, ,
,
(Thymus spp.) (Rosmarinus officinalis L.),
(, 1991). O
535.

( , 36.6), (, 38.1
45.4), (, 103.5)
(, 117.6).
( , .156). ,
,
( , 1.5, 4.1 6.2 ).
.
( , 3.31536) ,
533

[a. Per dusmou.] `Hdosmon, nioi d

mnqhn prosagoreousin. sti gr tra tij ok edhj
mnqh, n ka kalamnqhn kalosi. drimeai d' es geuomnoij mfterai ka qerma tn dnamin k tj trthj
pou txewj tn qermainntwn. sqenestra mn edhj
mnqh tj kalamnqhj st ka tton qermantik. kaqlou gr epen mn sper gra tj stin, d' meroj,
ste di tn k to khpeesqai prososan grthta ka prj
frodsia parorm metrwj. prcei d toto koinn pasin
oj mtestin grthtoj mipptou te ka fusdouj. di
d tn toiathn tj paj krsin ka kat tn posthmtwn pitiqasin nioi met' lftwn atn, per kalamnqh poien o dnatai t sfodrteron t toiata
qermanein ka xhranein. cei d ti ka pikrn ka strufnn n aut, ka t mn pikr tj lminqaj naire,
t d strufn met' xukrtou pinomnh tj prosftouj
amatoj nagwgj pcei. leptomerj d' st tn osan
eper tij ka llh pa.
534

, .
535
Woodward Gerard, The Herbal, 1927.
536
glcwn pa gnrimoj, qermantik, leptuntik,
peptik. poqesa d mmhna ka detera ka mbrua gei
ngei d ka t k pnemonoj meq' lj ka mlitoj poqesa
ka spwmnoij bohqe, nausaj te ka dhgmoj stomcou met'
xukrtou poqesa paramuqetai gei d ka kat koilan
mlana, bohqe ka qhriodktoij met' onou pinomnh, leipoqumontj te nakttai sn xei taj is prosagomnh. kra-

314

. , .
,
. 537
.
,
.
,
.
() ,
.
.
, .
(
, 11.857.12538),
, .

.
,
.
,
, ..
, : , .81539, :
, 11..10540, : , 3.28.11541,
.
tnei d ka ola xhr lea kekaumnh, piplasqesa d
pranei psan flegmonn sn lftJ, kaq' autn d podagrikoj rmzei cri foinxewj tj pifaneaj, sn khrwt
d nqouj sbnnusin fele d ka splhnikoj meq' lj
kataplassomnh. t d fyhma atj knhsmoj loumenon
paei ka ej gkqisma prj mpneumatseij ka sklhraj
ka postrofj straj rmzei. kalosi d tinej atn
blcwna, peid kat tn nqhsin t geusmena tn poimnwn
blhcj popmplatai.
537
.
538
[z. Per glcwnoj.] Glcwn. ka ath pa j
n drime te ka ppikroj osa qermanei te ka leptnei
sfodrj. kann d tekmrion to mn qermanein ti kataplattomnh foinssei, ka e pimnoi, p plon lko
t d leptnein, ti t t' k qrakoj ka pnemonoj gr
paca ka glscra vdwj naptesqai poie ka katamnia protrpei.
539
Glcwn qermanei ka leptnei fodr, qen t k qrako
ka pnemono gr paca ka glcra vdw napteqai poie ka
katamnia protrpei met' onou leuko yomnh ka pinomnou to
onou qermo krtou. ka kataplattomnh d xwqen p ciadikn
ka tn llwn kateyugmnwn foinei.

.
540
Glcwn pa gnrimoj, qermantik, leptuntik, peptik. poqesa
d' mmhna ka detera ka mbrua gei. ngei d ka t k pnemonoj meq' lj ka mlitoj poqesa ka spwmnoij bohqe, nausaj
te ka dhgmoj stomcou met' xukrtou poqesa paramuqetai gei
d ka kat koilan mlana, bohqe ka qhriodktoij met' onou pino-

315

, , , ,
.
, ( ),
, , , ,
, , . O Celsus
. O Campegius542
, ,
, ( &
, 1948). O Gerard (The Herbal, 101)

. O Picci (1980)
.
T (10 gr 1 lt ) (2-10 )
, ,
, , , ,
. T
, (,
1972).
.
,
. H
( )

(,
1972).
M

(Cydonia oblonga Mill.,

Rosaceae) (1977)
.

, . M. aquatica
.

( &
, 1948).
mnh, leipoqumontj te nakttai sn xei taj is prosagomnh.
kratnei d ka ola xhr lea kekaumnh, piplasqesa d pranei
psan flegmonn sn lftJ, kaq' autn d podagrikoj rmzei
cri foinxewj tj pifaneaj, sn khrwt d' nqouj sbnnusin
fele d ka splhnikoj meq' lj kataplassomnh. t d' fyhma
atj knhsmoj loumenon paei ka ej gkqisma prj mpneumatseij ka sklhraj ka postrofj straj rmzei.
541
.,,,
,.
.,,,,
.
: , .
.
542
.

316

O
. ,
.
, , , ,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). H
(),
, ( ),
, ,
(, 1972).
, ,
. (, 1929 Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).

. (,
, ) 3
(). (.
, Bekker 923)
. Fuchs (1543)

. (
)
.
,

543.
- -,
(Nepeta cataria .) Jing Jie (Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq.),
(Lamiaceae).
,
. .
- -,
, , .

. (,
, Bekker 923544), Arnold de
Villanova ,
/.
.
, ,
.
543

.
544
Di t lgetai mnqhn n polmJ mt' sqie mte
fteue; ti kataycei t smata; dhlo d to
sprmatoj fqor. toto d penanton prj ndrean ka
qumn tatn n t gnei.

317


(Holmes, 1997):
1. , - .
.
a. - (, , , ,
): .
b. - - (
, , , ,
): , , , (
).
2. , ,
. .
.
a. Qi (, ,
, ): , .
b. Qi ( , ,
, , ):
, , ,
Qi ( ),
( , ,
, , ,
, , Vaccinia,
), () ,
, .
3. Qi, .
a. Qi ( ) (
, stress): ,
(IBS)
, , ,
( ).
b. Qi ( ,
): , ,
.
4. , . .
a. Yang ( /
) (, , ).
b. (, , ,
, ): , ,
(vertigo), , ,
.
5. : ,
, .
6. , , :
, , , , ,
, , , .
.
,
(, , ),
318

 .
, , ,
( , ).
.
, .
,
, .
.
2%. 2-4
,
.
,
, . 3-7 gr ( ),
1-3 ml (3 ) 2% .
,
, .
( ) 1
.
. ,
Yin .
Boericke (1927)
. 30
( 1-20 ), , ,
, .
, ,
, , .
6 .
545 (1% ).

(Sarbhoy et al., 1978 Imai et al.,
2001),

(Tassou et al., 1995)
(Shkurupii et al., 2002).
(Atta & Alkofahi, 1998),
(Inoue et al., 2001 Inoue et al.,
2002).

, -
, ( ,
, , , , ).

545

319

 , ,
, ,
(,
, , , ,
Qi , , ..
, , , , ,
Vaccinia, , .).
Qi, ( ,
, ,
, , ,
).
,
( / , , ,
, , ,
).

, . ,
, (
, , , , , , ,
).

320

 9:

&

321


Sambucus nigra L.

Sambucus ebulus L.
: Caprifoliaceae
: Radix Ebulii
:
: , ,
(S. nigra), , , ,
(S. ebulus).
: elder, elderberry, boretree, pipe
tree, devils wood (S. nigra), dwarf elder, danewort (S.
ebulus).
: Sureau noir, seu, sognon,
hautbois (S. nigra), Herbe aux yeux, Herbe
laveugle, Herbe punaises, Hible (S. ebulus).
: Schwarzer Holunder,
Holler, Holder, Flieder (S. nigra), Attich, KrautHolder, Zwerg-Holunder, Zwergholunder (S.
ebulus).
: , [Ody, 1994:
, , ]
: , (Ross,
2003), , ,
(Ody, 1994)
: , ,
: ,
: , ,
, , (
), , , ,
, ( ),
, , ,
, , ,

: -
:
: I-I ( ), ( )
: 5-10 gr. (, , ), 510 gr. 1 lt. () (Bradley, 1992: 3-5 gr, 3 , Holmes, 1997:
6-14 gr), 10-25 ml (1:5, 25% ), 3 (Bradley, 1992)
[ Ross (2003), 1-2 ml
5 . Holmes (1997) 2-4 ml].
: Jie Gu Mu ( S. williamsii Hance),
Shuo Zhuo [ S. chinensis Lindl., S. formosana Nakai (Shuo Cho
) S. racemosa L. ssp. sieboldiana Hara. ()].
322

 Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae Japonicae: Lonicera japonica Thunb.,

L. hypoglauca Miq., L. confusa DC., L. dasystyla Rehd.) Lian Qiao [Fructus
Forsythiae Suspensae: Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl.] (
).
: S. ebulus . Jie Gu Mu
.

(1914),
,
Sambucus nigra L. (, 14.34)
(, 10.3.17)
( sambuca), .

, .
.
, Sambucus nigra L., Sambucus
ebulus L. ( , 4.173546).
( ,
3.14.4)547.

H . E
, , (Schauenberg
& Paris, 1981). O , ,
, , , , , , ,
, , (hiebline) ( &
546

kt diss mn gr tj sti dendrdhj, kldouj

kalamoeidej cousa, strogglouj, polekouj, emkeij t d
flla tra tssara k diasthmtwn per tn bdon, karv
basilik moia, barosma d ka mikrtera, p' krwn d tn
kldwn skidia perifer, conta nqh leuk, karpn d oikta terebnqJ, n t mlani poprfuron, botrudh, polculon, ondh.
t d' teron atj camaikth kaletai, f' n d leioj
kt lttwn d ka botanwdestra, kauln cousa tetrgwnon, polugnaton t d flla k diasthmtwn per kaston
gnu tetarswmna, moia mugdal, kecaragmna d kklJ ka
makrtera, barosma skidion d p' krou moion t pr
atj ka nqoj ka karpj za d' pesti makr, daktlou t pcoj.
547

Shmda d t mn fllon cei moion t

Persik kaloumnV karv pln mikr stenteron, tn floin d poiklon, xlon d lafrn
crsimon d ej bakthraj mnon ej llo d
odn.

323

, 1948 , 1959). T
( & , 1948),
, , , , .
( 1,5%,
, ), (, ),
( 3%, p- , ),
(0,05-0,2%), ( 1% - -
), ( 0,85% ), ,
(8-9%, ), ( 0,1%,
, ) (Steinegger & Hansel, 1968, Radu
et al., 1976, Willuhn & Richter, 1977, Toulemonde & Richard, 1983 Bisset,
1994).
X

, .

(Elder Mother) .

(Howard, 1987).
,

(32548).
( , 4.173549)
Sambucus , ().

,
.
, .
,
.
548

Crion n m dnasai kbalen pipskwn, propurisaj t kt, cul fq purhn

mbaln, tn kanqarda prostiqnai toto ka t mbruon xelanei

549

dnamij d at mfotrwn ka crsij, yuktik, dragwgj, kakostmacoj mntoi. ymena d t flla j lcana
kaqarei flgma ka coln, ka o kaulo d palo n lopdi lhmfqntej t at poiosi. ka za d atj yhqesa sn onJ ka didomnh par tn daitan drwpikoj
fele, bohqe d ka cidnodktoij mowj pinomnh feyhqesa d meq' datoj ej gkqisma stran malssei ka
nastomo ka diorqotai tj per atn diaqseij. ka karpj d sn onJ poqej t at poie, melanei d ka trcaj
gcrimenoj. t d flla prsfata ka pal flegmonj
pranei sn lftJ ka katakamasin rmzei ka kunodktoij
kataplassmena koll d <ka> poforj, ka podagrikoj
bohqe met statoj taureou trageou kataplassmena.

324

 ,
. ,
, .
,
, (
, 11.829550). ,
(
, .19551),
( , 7.3.1552).
, ,
553 ,
(Hippiatrica Berolinensia, 4.5).
,
. E
,
(herbe laveugle)
(Delaveau et al.,
1981). X , ,
. H (Radix Ebulii) ,
. -O
(Schauenberg & Paris,
1981). O
, . H ,
( 5-10 gr.
). T
, .
5-10 gr. 1 lt. .
( ),

( & , 1948). O
(Schauenberg & Paris,
1981).
( & , 1948). H
550

[ka. Per kthj ka camaikthj.] Akth te

meglh ka dendrdhj ka botanwdestra, n per d ka
camaikthn nomzousin xhrantikj mfterai dunmej esi, kollhtikj te ka metrwj diaforhtikj.

551

'Akt, te meglh ka dendrdh ka camaikth kaloumnh,

xhrantik mfterai dunmew e, kollhtik te ka metrw diaforhtik fele d ka drwpiko t fyhma t zh pinmenon.
552

'Akt te meglh ka camaikth xhrantik ti dunmew ka

metrw diaforhtik ka kollhtik, pinmenai d qimenai dwr
goui di gatr.

.
553
(Anemone sulcata).

325

 Sambucus canadensis L. (Muenscher, 1949).

,
.
(Ody, 1994)
. Tabernaemontanus
(1625)
( , Jews ear Hirneola auricola554).
, ,
, , .
.
,
.
(Lyle, 1932
Grieve, 1973). ,
. 18 .
.
, A C ,
.

. , ,
. .
,
(Ody, 1994).


(,
),
(Akerreta et al., 2007555).

20 .
2 .
. .
3 ,
10 . .

,

.

554

( ).

. .
.
(, 1995).
555
CONCLUSION: The results show a reduction in the ethnobotanical and medical knowledge in the
area of study, when compared to other studies carried out in the Pyrenees. Nevertheless, the use of
several species that may be regarded as possible sources for pharmacological studies is reported here
such as the bark of Sambucus nigra, the roots of Fragaria vesca, or the leaves of Scrophularia nodosa.

326

( ) .
(,
.).
1:10,
.
,
. Piedmont

.
Sambucus williamsii Hance556
Jie Gu Mu,
(, ),
(), , (Ross, 2003) (Li, 2002).
,
Bensky et al. (1993) Pharmacopoeia Commission (1995).

Shuo Zhuo, S. chinensis Lindl., S. formosana
Nakai (Shuo Cho ) S. racemosa L. ssp. sieboldiana Hara. ()
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986). .
, -.
, ,
(urticaria).
, , ,
, . 6-12 gr
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).

, ,
. ,
(Ross, 2003).
:
1. .
, (..
Zingiber officinalis)
.
2. .
.
.
3. . , ,
. ,
( ),

556

S. coreana Kom. & Klob. Alisova, S. latipinna Nakai, S. manshurica Kitag., S.

peninsularis Kitag., S. sieboldiana (Miq.) Blume ex Graebner var. Miquelli (Nakai) Hara (Li, 2002).

327

 (, ),
(, , ).
4. ,
, ( )
, . , ,
, ( , , , ) (
, , , , )
.
5. .

1
2
3
4

,
,
,

, , ,

,

,

Qi
.
( ) ().
( )
. (
). ..
(Achillea millefolium L., . )
.
.
Sambucus ebulus L.

,
, , . (Yesilada et al., 1997).

(Ahmadiani et al., 1998).
,
,
Helicobacter pylori (Yesilada et al., 1999). ,
(RIP), 1 (ebulin 1)

(Citores et al., 2002).
(Mascolo
et al., 1987b).
328

 in vitro (Gray et al., 2000).

(Thole et al., 2006).

(Chrubasik et al., 2008).
Influenza B 557,
(neuraminidase),
(Zakay-Rones et
al., 1995 Zakay-Rones et al., 2004).
,
.

H1N1 in vitro (Roschek et al., 2009).

, ,
, , ,
,
().
, . , ,
. , ,
,
. ,
. , , ,
.

557

60 , 90% 10%
. 94% 15 ml 2 .

329


Pistacia terebinthus L.
: Anacardiaceae
:
: , ,
()
: ,
, , , , ,
,
: terebinth, turpentine tree
: pistachier trbinthe
:
: 2, 2, 3
:
: ,
: , ,
:
,
, ,
, , , ,
, ,
: -
:
: ( )
:
: Huang Lian Ya (Pistacia chinensis Bge.)
:

ki-ta-no
(Chadwick, 1976). 558
. ( , 1.71559)
,

(10.24, 10.65).
558

,
(10.65).
559
trminqoj gnrimon dndron, j t flla ka karpj ka floij stuptik nta rmzei prj ka scnoj,
skeuazmena mowj ka lambanmena. d karpj atj stin
ddimoj, kakostmacoj, qermantikj, orhtikj. sti d ristoj prj frodsia, sn onJ d poqej prj falaggwn
dgmata rmzei.

330

 560.
, (Chian Scio turpentine),
.

( , Bekker 837).
Pistacia lentiscus L.,
.
(.562)561. ,
, Pistacia
lentiscus L. (, 1909).

,
,
(, , 13, ,
, 2.35).

(, 1929).
28
(GCMS562, 15 ), 92,3100% . 0,06-0,16%.
- (-pinene, 9,551,3%), (limonene,
39,0%), p-cymen-8-ol ( 40,0%) (caryophyllene
oxide, 51,0%) (zcan et al., 2009). (GC
GC-MS) Ot-pinene
(16,4%) -pinene (13,5%), -pinene (66,0%) -terpineol
(9,0%), -pinene (54,8%) -pinene
(22,2%) (Usai et al., 2006).
(Giner-Larza et al., 2002).

X

563.
,
(, 1997).
560

(, 300).
Scnon: tn skllan, n diamasntai o kallwpizmenoi neka to leukon toj dntaj f' o
ka scinzesqai.
561

562

Gas chromatographymass spectrometry,

, .
563
,
( 5 ..) (, 1997).

331


(Artzy, 1994).
()
(, 77564), (
, 12). (
, 9). (
, 32565) (,
192),
( , 102).
(. 242, , 1.71)

, . ,
, . ,
.
566, , ,
, (567).
, , .
(Pistacia lentiscus L., . ), (Pinus spp.,
Pinaceae), (Abies spp., Pinaceae) .
, , , ()
(
),
( ). , ,
,
( , ).
(568).
564

'Wkutkion htnhn terminqnhn, mli,

laion diplsion totwn, onon edea j diston, tata xummxaj,
clinaj, didnai kpien pleonkij katastsei d ka tj mtraj,
n flegmnwsin.
565

...Hn t pimnia m gnhtai termnqou karpn

tryaj n onJ ka dati diej ka dihqsaj didnai nstei pien,
ka qerm lousqw.
566

.
567
d x atj htnh komzetai mn x 'Arabaj tj n
Ptrv, genntai d ka n 'Ioudav ka Surv ka n KprJ
ka n LibV ka n taj Kuklsi nsoij, d ka diafrei
diaugestra osa, leuk, elzousa t crmati [ka kuanzousa],
edhj, termnqou pnousa. progei d pasn tn htinn
terminqnh ka met tathn scinnh, eta pitunh ka
latnh, meq' j riqmontai te peuknh ka strobilnh.
568

sti d psa htnh qermantik, malaktik, dialutik,

nakaqartik, bhxn rmzousa ka fqsesin n kleiktoj
kaq' autn met mlitoj, nakaqarousa ka t k qrakoj. sti d ka orhtik ka peptik koilan te malssei,

332

 ,

( ).
,
, ,
(, 1.51569), (, 1.55570), (,
1.68571), ,
(, 1.89572),
(, 1.135), (, 1.141), (, 1.143573),
(1.145574), (1.175), 575 (2.35),
(2.72), (2.126 2.127576) .
(, 2.84).

577 (, 2.145).
( , 2.15)
.
(
, 11.870). (,
) 2 , 2
. 3 ,
(, 12.137578).
n te nakollsei tricn rmzei tn n blefroij, ka prj
lpraj sn calko ka calknqJ ka ntrJ, prj te t
cwrorroonta ta sn mliti ka laJ ka prj knhsmn
adoou. megnutai d ka mplstroij ka malgmasi ka kpoij, ka pleuro lgmasi bohqe kaq' autn picrisqesa
ka pitiqemnh.
569

stupthra scist j ti plestV terminqnV nalhmfqesa prpolij ka terminqnh ka

cndroj, sa n splhnJ,
, ,
(),
570
kedra sn htnV terminqnV suntakesa,

571
pperi ka krkoj htnV terminqnV nalhmfqnta
...
572
sandarkh nalhmfqesa terminqnV j splnion,

573
sikou grou za nalhmfqesa htnV terminqnV,
(Ecballium elaterium)
574
... lqoj purthj kekaumnoj nalhmfqej htnV terminqnV, ...

575
.
576
- (23)
(14.4).
577
Cardopatum corymbosum (L.) Pers. (, 1983),
(, 1909).
578
[a. Per termnqou.] Termnqou ka
floij ka t flla ka karpj cous ti stuptikn.
ll ka qermanousi kat tn deutran txin, st' dh
dlon j ka xhranousi prsfatoi mn prcontej ti ka
gro metrwj, xhranqntej d kat tn deutran txin.
d karpj xhrj ggj ka tj trthj st txewj tn

333

,

, .
(12.593579), (12.635, 12.685 .),
(12.972), (13.410 ..),
(13.645) .
,
( , 14.43), (, 14.108) .
580 (
, 3.9)
(, 8.24) (, 8.39), (,
14.49), (, 14.60) . ,
.
(
, 3.73), (, 4.35 ..), (, 4.48),
(, 5.7) .
, (,
5.47).

( ) ( )
(, 1999).
581 (, 2000).

(.. Forda spp.),
.
(Baumann,
1982).
,
( ), .
(, 2000).

xhrainntwn. sti gr otw qermj j ka toj maswmnoij eqj edhlon gnesqai tn qermthta. tat' ra ka
orhtik sti ka splnaj nnhsi.
579

mlagma prj kefalalgan. o xusto d. calko kekaumnou b.

lepdoj stommatoj dracmj b. kimwlaj dracmj d. calktewj dracmj d. kissrewj mj dracmj d. terminqnhj
go a. khro lz . laou palaio kuqouj b. toj
xhroj leiottoij t thkt pikatacwn mlasse ka cr.
580

: ,
, .
581
. 10 1 , 2
, 3 1 .
. (, 2000).

334

 ( 1 6
) , , (Boericke,
1927), , , (Farrington, 1908).

Pistacia chinensis Bge. Huang Lian Ya.
, .
, ,
, , ,
(Hong-Yen
et al., 1986).

(Giner-Larza et al., 2002).

. ,
( ), , , ,
.

.

335


Pimpinella anisum L.
: Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae)
: Anisi Fructus
: ,
: , ,
,
: anise
: anis vert
: Anis
: 3, 3
: ,
: ,
: , , , ,
:
,
, ,
: -
: 2-3
:
,
1
: 1 2 gr 250 ml (3 ,
), 0,65 1,95 gr 250 ml ( ,
45 60 ml), 4 20
:
:

(1914) Pimpinella saxifraga L. Pimpinella

tragium Vill. ( , 4.179582),
(
, 11.875.10583) . P. anisum L.
( , 3.56),
582

mpetron o d fakoeidj. n reinoj ka paraloij ptraij fetai, lukn <n> n t gesei, t d prosgeiteron pikrteron. didmenon d n zwm dromliti kaqarei
flgma ka coln ka datdh.
583

[ig. Per mptrou.] Empetron ej kaqrseij mnaj

doke crsimon prcein gon flgma ka coln. sti d
lukn t gesei, ste ka ej lla crsait' n tij at
ej per ka tn lukn osan deknumen dunamnhn nomzetai d ka prasoeidj.

336


( , 1.11.2 1.12.1
). ,
(, 6.65) (Dalby, 2001).
.
Pimpinella cretica Poir.,
(Tutin et al., 1964-1976).

2 3 %.
,
(Illicium verum Hook., Magnoliaceae),
4 5 m .
(80 90%) ( )
--. (
Anisi stellati Fructus) .
,
15 C.
, ,
. ,
(Samuelsson, 1996).

(trans-anethole 76,9-93,7%), himachalene (0,4-8,2%), trans-pseudoisoeugenyl 2-methylbutyrate (0,4-6,4%), panisaldehyde ( 5,4%) (methylchavicol 0,5-2,3%).

(> 90%), , ,
( ) (Orav et al., 2008).

( , 32.141), (,
33.10584, 33.14585 33.27), (, 58586),
584

... 'Aktj karpn, nison, libanwtn, smrnan, onon, t cul toutwn klzein.
, , , , .
585
Eteron smrnhj son xbafon, libanwtn, sseli, nison, lnou sprma,
ntwpon, htnhn, mli, chnj laion, xoj leukn, t Agption,
toutwn kstou t son tryaj, dienai onou leuko kotlaij dusn peita clier klzein.
586

Hn metakinhqwsin a mtrai, kissn j xhrtaton tryaj

leon, dsaj j qnion, prosscein liparn prosfrein mhdn
pien d didnai puroj prokwnaj, ka mkwna ptn, ka lelsfakon, ka kperon, ka nison, tata tryaj lea, diej onJ, ka
tn kurhbwn tn p tn kriqn, didnai dj tj mrhj f' kteron mikotlion.

337

 (, 65), (, 70587),
,
(, 89588)
(, 108589). (92590)

( Littr),
591. (227 ml),
( ) (67,5
ml), (8,64 gr), , (12,96 gr)
( Ecballium elaterium L., .
, ,
. . ,
, , .
. ,
.
587
Hn tj xaj lgV, nison ka kminon Aqiopikn pintw, ka qerm lousqw, ka p
qermo pintw.
, .
.
588
Hn tn kefaln lgV ka tn neairan gastra ka tj
xaj, col n tsi mtrVsin st tatV cr donai frmakon,
kaqarein nw te ka ktw dnatai, ka loein qerm, ka prostiqnai sa coln kaqarei, ka nison ka melnqion diej onJ ddou
pien.
, ,
.
( ), ,
(Nigella sativa L.,
Ranunculaceae) .
- ( Claviceps purpurea)
.
589
Ka n lkwq ka flktainai sin n t kaqrsei, n mn
kra t celea lkwq, nison ka cneion laion n odnJ laJ
tryaj, j eron neilxaj, srka boj labn pacutrhn to meglou daktlou to podj, mkoj d x daktlwn, crsaj t farmkJ, perielxaj t erJ, t frmakon naspoggsaj, t scaton
tj sarkj, mllei xw enai, lnJ dsaj, nqej t yiln tj
sarkj j tj mtraj, o n t lkoj .
590

Nqa t teleut to prtou per gunaikewn biblou proskemena. Bhcj paidou qayhn p' lftoisi ywmzein. Eteron n ptsanta, tn lkiqon xelnta, tryai ka ssamon
leukn pefrugmnon ka lej, n mliti llecein. Tn koilhn
lsai paidou erion pluton j mli byaj nqenai n d gerateron , krommwn t swqen tryaj ntiqnai n d m, klsai
glakti agj, summxaj mli n d gla m , shtnion leuron
kplnaj, mli ka laion mxaj, clier klsai. Asqmatoj paidou libanwtn n onJ gluke, loush, kaqartrion balandaj
poiein, kotlhn mlitoj, nsou xbafon, sfltou do dracmj,
coln boj, smrnhj trej dracmj, psin lathrou yen n calk,
msgein laion chnj, ka tan mllV crsqai, lefein tj balnouj t chneJ malak erJ d crsqai t J, laJ d scinnJ, totJ msgein kinnbari.
591

,
.

338

 ). ,
.
( , 3.11.10592).
,
, 3 .
( , 3.56593)
, (), , ,
(594), ().
, , ( ),
, ( ).
(.
, 1.4.1), , .
, ,
.
.
( , 11.833.12595)
. ,
592

Nosoj kteroj kteroj toisde stn xj ka di tceoj

poktenwn croi lh sidioeidj sfdra stn clwrotrh oh
o saroi o clwro parmoioj d ka crj, ka t orJ fstatai
oon rbion pun ka puretj ka frkh blhcr cei note d
ka t mtion ok ncetai cwn, ll dknetai, ka xetai, ka
sitoj n t wqin t splgcna mssetai j pitopoul, ka
ktan gerV tij atn prosdialghtai, ok ncetai. Otoj
j pitopol poqnskei ntj tessareskadeka merwn tataj d
diafugn gij gnetai. Cr d qermoloutein, ka pnein melkrhton sn karwn qaswn lepisqntwn ka yinqou kmhj son, nsou
seshsmnou misu, pnein lkj tribolon nstij, ka plin j kothn t melkrhton toto, ka onon palain leptn, ka ofmata
sitein d m.

593

nhsson tn mn kaqlou dnamin cei qermantikn,

xhrantikn, epnoun, ndunon, diaforhtikn, orhtikn, drwtikn, dialutikn, diyon pinmenon. rmzei d prj te t
obla tn zwn ka prj mpneumatseij, koilan te sthsi
ka leukn on ka gla katasp ka sunousan parorm.
poqumimenon d taj is kefalalgan paei ka tj xeij
d tn twn sn odnJ leon nstazmenon tai. sti d
ato kresson t non ka drn ka m piturdej, etonon
t sm. prwteei d t Krhtikn, petai d t Agption.
594

,
.

, .
595
[mh. Per nsou.] 'Ansou t sprma mlist' st
crsimon, drim ka ppikron prcon, st' ggj kein
qermthtoj tn kaustikn. sti d kn t xhranein k
tj trthj postsewj, sper kn t qermanein. tat'
ra ka orhtikn sti ka diaforhtikn, mpneumatseij
te tj kat gastra kaqsthsin.

339

 3 . ,
.
.

, .
1 2 gr 250 ml ,
.
(Stary, 1991).
(Grieve, 1931).
(), .

. 0,65 1,95 gr (10 30
grains) 250 ml , 45 60 ml.
4 20 (Grieve, 1931),

.
,
.

.
,
(Stary, 1991).
(, pernot .). anisette
(, )
( ) (Grieve, 1931).

Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus Proteus
vulgaris,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Al-Bayati, 2008).

(Kosalec et al., 2005).
(Al Mofleh, 2007). ,
, Culex
pipiens (Erler, 2006).

,
( ).
(),
. .
. anisette
(, )
( ).

340


Inula helenium L.
: Asteraceae ( Compositae)
: Radix Inulae
Hellenii, Oleum Helenii
: , ()
: ,
: elecampane, horse-heal
: grande aune, inule
aune
: Echter Alant
: , (
)
: , ,
: ,
(, , )
: , , ,
: , (
, ,
, ), ,
, ,
,
(, .),
,
(), ( , ,
, )
: - (-)
:
: (), - ( )
: 4-10 gr ( ), 2 4 ml (3 ),
30 gr 1 lt
: Xuan Fu Hua ( Inula britannica L.)
Bai Zhu ( Atractylodes spp.),
Ban Xia ( Pinellia ternata Breitenbach) Mu Xiang [
Saussurea lappa (Decne.) C.B. Clarke]
: (
)

,
( , 2.1.3.7, 6.1.1.13, 6.6.2.6 ., ,

341

6.20.3.1 .) ( , 1.28596), ,
.
(597), .
. Inula viscose
, Inula britannica L.
(, 1914).

(azulene)
(sesquiterpenic lactones),
(helenin) (elecampane camphor).
, 40% (inulin) (Stary, 1991).

(32.114),
( ). (
, 1.28598) 599,
596

`Elnion o d smfuton, o d Persikn, o d Mhdikn, o d 'Orstion, o d nektrion, o d klenion, o d

bton 'Idaan, o d flmon 'Idaon kalosi. flla cei flmJ
t stenofllJ paraplsia, tractera d ka pimkh, kauln d ok nhsizan meglhn, edh, pdrimun, kirrn,
f' j ej tn fteusin kaqper p tn krnwn rwn a
parafudej lambnontai. gnetai d n reinoj ka suskoij
ka nkmoij tpoij.
597

C: `Elnion o d smfuton grion, o d Persikn, o

d Mhdikn, o d 'Orstion, o d nektaran, o d klewnaan,
o d bton 'Idaan, o d flmon 'Idaon, `Rwmaoi terminlioum,
o d noula Kampna, Agptioi lhnj.
N: `Elnion o d xulofron, o d smfuton, `Rwmaoi
noula Kampna. kauln nhsin dasn, diphcuaon ka mezona, gwnioeid, per n ok k meglwn diasthmtwn t flla
dasa, pomkh, prj t to bouglssou. cei d ka par
tj gwnaj kaulj xocj tinaj paratetamnaj fllwn prostpwn f' ksthj pasclhj, nqh mlina ka karpn n atoj j flmou kat tn prosafn knhsmn mpoionta. zai
d' peisin edeij, podrimeai, kirra, eafej ej tn fteusin, tn mn pifneian mlainai, ndoqen <d> leuka,
glscrai, n ka crsij. genntai d n reinoj ktl.
598

rssetai d za qrouj ka temnomnh xhranetai.

kine d t fyhma atj pinmenon ora ka mmhna. at
d za lambanomnh n kleikt met mlitoj rmzei bhxn,
rqopnoaij, gmasi, spsmasin, mpneumatsesi ka qhrwn
dgmasi, kaqlou qermantik prcousa. t d flla atj
piplttetai feyhqnta met' onou sciadikoj felmwj.
sti d ka estmacoj tariceuqesa n gluke xhrnantej gr

342

. .
( ) , ,
, , ,
.

. ( ),
. ,
, .
,
( , 2.41.3).

, ,
, . (
, 11.873.6600)
, .
, 601,
,
.
, ,
.

(,
2.271-273602) .
atn p' lgon o lmeuta, eta feysantej pobrcousin
dati yucr, eta balntej ej yhma potqentai ej crsin.
599

- -,
.
600
[z. Per 'Elenou.] 'Elenou tj paj za st
mlista crsimoj, ok eqj kat tn prthn prosboln
qermanousa, ka di toto lekton atn o qermn ka
xhrn kribj, sper t mlan ka leukn pperi, ll
sn grthti perittwmatik, ka di toto ka toj klegmasi toj ej tj nagwgj tn glscrwn ka tn pacwn n qraki ka pnemoni cumn pithdewj mgnutai
ka foinssousin at t mria, yucroj ka cronoij noclomena pqesin, sper scidej t tinj esi ka mikranai ka sunecej rqrwn tinn kptseij di' grthtoj.
601

.
602
Per ntidtwn prj toj di yucrn duskrasan peptontaj tn trofn.
Aristn sti boqhma ka di stmatoj didmenon toto ka plesthn
dedwkj peran
lenou
. . . . . . . . . ogg. d
marqrou sprmatoj
. . . . . ogg. g
peprewj
. . . . . . . . ogg. b
petroselnou sprmatoj
. . . . og. a
mlitoj 'Attiko mo kallstou
. litr. b.
n d m par, trou phfrismnou. g d prosqhka ka ezmou
sprmatoj ogg. b ka kat pnta pbh moi kllista. mixa d

343

 , , ,
.
(), ( Sison amomum L.)
( Tordylium officinalis L.),
, , ,
, ,
!

603, ,
, .
,
. ,
. 1 1 ,
3 (Stary, 1991).

,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
(1972) 15 20: 1000 , 30 gr o 1 kgr, (5 10
gr), (50 100 gr), (1 8 gr), (4 10 gr).

, , .
, , .
(Holmes, 1997):
1. ,
,
, ,
.
a. Qi : , ,
( , ,
).
b. Qi : ,
, , .

ka sswnoj Suriako, seslewj, n drac. b, ka to mlitoj ogg. $

perissotraj. mgistn sti toto t boqhma ka ej poll crsimon
o mnon gr toj fuswmnoij tn stmacon ka peyaj pomnousi
pepohtai, ll ka tn gunaikn gei t katamnia. crhsmhn d g
ka p duspnokn ka paradxwj pohsen. dsij kotl. b rqrJ
ka ej kothn ddotai ka di krmatojpoie d t krma sane
nktari prw d di' datoj poie gr tj rugj dstaj ka p
pshj bhcj ka toj p kefalj tn qraka eumatizomnoij ka kaqlou
p pasn tn ntj diaqsewn. poie ka rexin pitetamnhn, oj t tj
rxewj pleto. ka toj t frodsia parabeblammnoij diegerei tj
rxeij toj pimnwj at crwmnoij.
111,5 gr, 83,64 gr, 55,76, 27,88 gr, 648,9 gr,
55,76 gr.
603
2 3 ,
, 3 .

344

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

c. Qi : ,
, , ,
, (, ).
d. Qi: , ,
( ,
AIDS,
, , ).
, ,
.
a. ( ): ,
, .
b. Qi , :
, ,
, ( , ,
).
, ,
.
a. :
, , , ( ,
).
b. Yin : ,
, , ( ).
,
. -
, ,
, ,
, ,
( ,
, , , ,
).
, ,
. Qi ,
, ,
, , ( , ,
, , ., ,
, , , , ,
).
.
, , , ( .).

,
.

.

( William Salmon).
4 10 gr ( ) 2 4 ml, 3
(Holmes, 1997).

345


, ,
( 19 .).

.
.

Yin , ,
.
.

, ,

AIDS.
13OK, 18OK, 20OK, 22OK, 38OK, 13H, 6RM 12 RM.
Xuan Fu Hua ( Inula britannica L.)
Shen Nung Ben Cao Cing.
, . ,
, .
Qi, , , .
, ,
, , ,
, . 3 9 gr
( ). Ban
Xia ( Pinellia ternata Breitenbach),
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
Bai Zhu ( Atractylodes spp.), Ban Xia (
Pinellia ternata Breitenbach) Mu Xiang [ Saussurea lappa
(Decne.) C.B. Clarke].


Mycobacterium tuberculosis (
) in vitro (Cantrell et al., 1999).

Gram Candida spp. (Deriu et al., 2008).

(quinine reductase glutathione S-transferase)
(Lim et al., 2007).

(HT-29, MCF-7, Capan-2 G1)
(PBLs) (Dorn et al., 2006).

,
, .

346

( , , )
Yin ( , ).
,
,
, ( ,
, , Qi), .
, .
(
) Qi ,
( , , ).
,
.
(,
, , ,
, ,
).
, ,
, Qi (
, , , , .).
, , , , ,
( .).

347


Salvia officinalis L.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
: Folium Salviae
:
: ,
, ,
: sage, red sage, garden
sage, save
: sauge, th de Grce,
herbe sacre
: Salbei, Edel-Salbei,
Garten-Salbei, Scharlei, Sachsedenkraut
: , [Holmes (1997): ]
: , ,
: , , ,
/
: , , , , Chong Mai Ren Mai (Holmes, 1997) ,
, , , , , (Ross, 2001)
: -, ,
, , ,
, ,
( , , , , , ,
, , , , ,
, ,
, , , ),
, ,
, ,
( , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, ,
, ),
Qi, , , ,
, ,
, , , ,
: -
:
: - ( )
: 6-12 gr ( 2-4 gr, 3 ),
1:100, 12:250, 20-30 (3 ),
1-4 ml (1:5 45% , 3 )
: Wu Wei Zi () [ Schizandra
chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. S. sphenathera Rehd. et Wils.], Cang Zhu (
) (Atractylodes lancea Thunb. A. chinensis Koidz.)

348

: ( ,
) (
, ),

(1914)
( , 3.33604),
Salvia pomifera L. ( , 6.2.5).
, Salvia calycina
Sibth. & Sm., Salvia pomifera L. (Tutin et al.,
1964-1976).
S. grandiflora L., S. triloba L. S. sclarea L.,
(, 1985).

3- (3-carene), 6-- (6methoxy-genkwanin), - (-corocalene), - (-gurjunene),

(ursolic acid), - (-sitosterol), (calamene),
(cadinenes), (germanicol), (ledene),
(nepetin), (uvaol) . (Duke, 1992b).

(
, 5), (;) ( , 54),

( , 2.47, 2.65 .), ( , 38)
( , 10)
(, 58), 605 (, 44) .
(84).

604

lelsfakon o d lafobskon, o d sfgnon.

qmnoj stn pimkhj, polklwnoj, bdouj tetragnouj ka
polekouj cwn, flla d mhlv kudwnv oikta, pimhkstera d ka mikrtera ka traca lelhqtwj sper t ntripta tn matwn, dasa, pleuka, sfodrj edh, mbrwma
karpn d p' krwn tn kauln sper rmnou grou cei.
fetai d n tracsi cwroij.
605

349

 ( , 3.33606)
, ,
607.
, () ,
.
. (
, 5.61608) ,
, , ,
, .
( ,
11.873609).
,
,
.
( , .139610).
( , 7.25.6)
[Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi]. Lonicerus
Tabernaemontanus 1 2
.

606

dnamin d cei t fyhma tn fllwn ka tn kldwn

ora gein pinmenon ka mmhna ka mbrua kataspn ka
trugnoj plhgaj rgein melanei d ka trcaj ka traumatik ka scaimoj ka pokaqartik tn qhriwdn lkn
sti. paei d sn onJ t fyhma tn fllwn ka tn
kldwn atj proskluzmenon knhsmoj toj per t adoa.
607

Trygon spp., .
lelisfakthj mowj lelisfkou o ej glekouj mfora, sti kermion, kqej. poie d prj nefrn
pnouj ka kstewj <ka> pleurn, amatoj nagwgj, bhc,
gmasi, spsmasi, qlsmasin, mmnoij stegnwmnoij.
608

609

[h. Per lelisfkou.] 'Elelsfakoj qermantikj nargj sti krsewj, postufoshj trma.
610

'Elelfako qermantik narg ti krew, potufoh

trma. toroi d tine ti p' nqrkwn poqumiwmnh ta gunaix tllei katamnia mtrw fermena ka gunaikeon on. 'Agrppa d fhin lelfakon tn ern botnhn lainai kuaai trgouin. t gr krathtik ullyew zJogonik. pn on tn culn tath on o a meq' l lgou pV gun tetartaa oa x
fdrou ka ndrokoitV ullyetai parabtw. fa d ti loimo katacnto n Kopt t Agptou to n t crv perileipomnou nagkai t gunaka ka tatV craqai t dunmei
ka p gonn plethn genqai. 'Orfe d fhi ddou to amoptoiko to culo t lelifkou kuqou do met mlito a
ntei pien ka eqw taqetai. to d fqiiko, fh, keaze kataptia otw nardotcuo b ziggibrew b prmato
lelifkou pefrugmnou kekommnou ka eeimnou id peprew
makro ib nalmbane t cul ka poei kataptia ka ddou a
prw ntei ka e kothn mow ka pirrofetw dato kaqaro.

350



. ,
.
, (Stary, 1998).
, , ,
, , (
).
, ,
, , , , ,
, , , .

Lechelle Monterosi.
(Frank & Trousseau, 1:100).
,
( & , 1948).
.

.
, (Schauenberg & Paris,
1981).
(, 1972).

,
, (Stary, 1998).
. ( &
, 1948).
(1:100) (12:250),
(20-30 , ) (1-4 ml, 45%
, 3 ). 6-12 gr ( 2-4
gr, 3 ).
(vin aromatique, alcoolate et alcoolature vulnraires, th Suisse
ou espces vulnraires au codex 1908), liqueur de sauge,
30 gr 500 ml 611,

( & , 1948).

(Holmes, 1997):
1. -, ,
. . .
a. - (
, ): , ( ).

611

(1972) 80 gr 1 lt .

351

2.

3.

4.

5.

352

b. (- ) (,
, ,
): (), .
c. - (
, , ): ,
, ,
( ), (
), ,
, , ,
, ( , ,
, ),
.
Qi, , .
, .
.
a. Qi ( , ,
).
b. Yang
(, , ,
, ): , ,
, , , ,
, ,
(),
stress, , .
Qi,
.
.
a. (,
, ,
):
, , ,
,
, (PMS) ,
,
, .
Qi, .
, ,
.
a. Qi - (,
, ): .
b. Qi ( ,
stress ).
c. Qi ( , ,
, ).
d. Qi (, ):
.
e. (, ,
).
.

a. , , , , ,
, (,
, ), , .

Ross (2001).

, ,

,
,

,
, Wei
Qi

,
,

,
,
,

,
,

,
,

, Yin
,

Yang ,
Qi

, (.
). .. Qi
,
.
,
.

. Holmes
(1997) . , ,
. Ross (2001) ,
.
-
,
. , , ,
353

, Chong Mai Ren Mai (Holmes, 1997) , ,

, ,
(Ross, 2001).
,
.
,
( ).
,
( ).
.
, , ,
. ,
.
(Holmes, 1997)
, ,
(thujone).
(
).
,
(Ross, 2001).
,
, .

. ,
.
.
(20 )
,
. ( )
(Boericke, 1927).
,
.
salvin, Staphylococcus aureus
(Aizenman et al., 1982 Pavlenko et al., 1989).
(
) (Todorov et al., 1984),
(Baricevic et al., 2001)
612 (De Leo et al., 1998).
(Shubina et al., 1990).
(Wang et al.,
1999 Exarchou et al., 2002),
,

(Perry et al., 1999).
612

(De Leo et al., 1998).

354


-, , ,
, .
, , ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, , (
), ( ),
, , ,
, , ,
.
, ,
,
. , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , , ,
, ,
, stress, ,
.
Qi, , ,
, .
, , ,
, , ,
, (PMS) ,
,
, .
Qi, , , , ,
.
, ,
stress , , ,
, .
,
, , , , ,
, (, , ), ,
.
(, ).
, , , .
Yang ,
,
.

355

 &
Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.
: Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Rchb.f.,
Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Satureja
capitata L.

Thymus serpyllum L.
Thymus vulgaris L.
Thymus atticus C. Kelak.
Satureja thymbra L.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
: Herba Thymi, Herba
Serpylli, Oleum Thymi
: , ,
: , (Thymbra
capitata, Thymus vulgaris),
(Thymus serpyllum), , , (Thymus
atticus), , (Satureja thymbra)
: thyme, mother of thyme (Thymus
serpyllum)
: thym Zaatar (Thymbra capitata),
serpolet thym serpolet (Thymus serpyllum), thym
commun (Thymus vulgaris)
: Kopfige Thymian (Thymbra capitata), Sand-Thymian (Thymus
serpyllum), Echter Thymian (Thymus vulgaris)
: 3, 3
: , (.: )
: (.)
: , ,
: , (
, ), ,
, , , , ,
, , ,

: -
:
: - ( )
356

: 4-10 gr (12-30 gr ), 2-4 ml (1:5 45%,

3 , 6-12 ml), 5-15 gr,
1-2 , 1%
: Huo Xiang (, Agastache rugosa
Pogostemon cablin) Ban Xia (, Pinellia ternala) Bai
Qian (, Cynanchum stauntoni), - Zi Su Ye
(, Perilla frutescens)
:
( . .),

: , (Tai Yin )

Thymbra
capitata (L.) Cav. [ Coridothymus capitatus (L.) Rchb.f.,
Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link Satureja capitata L.].
Thymus serpyllum L. Thymus
atticus C. Kelak. Satureja thymbra L.
( , 3.36613)
. ,
.
(, 3.37614) (),
, , ,
, () .
.
, ,
, .
. ,
, , ,
, , .
.

, (
capitata capitatus), , 615. 616
613

qmoj ginsketai p pntwn. qamnskion fruganoeidj, fullaroij stenoj ka polloj perieilhmmnon, con
p' krou keflia nqouj <perplea>, porfurzonta. mlista
d fetai n petrdesi ka leptogeoij tpoij.
614

qmbra ka at gnrimoj, gennwmnh n leptogeoij

ka tracsi tpoij, moa qmJ, lsswn mntoi ka palwtra, frousa stcun nqouj mestn, gclwron.
615

RV: qmoj o d qmon, o d qmoj leukj, o d

kefalwtj, o d piqumj, o d qrsion, `Rwmaoi qomoum,

357

 , , , , .
, 617.
(,
, 4.177618, , ,
11.875.15, , , .144 .),
, .
[Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L.]. ,
(,
, 11.875.15619).
.

Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.
Thymus serpyllum L.
Thymus atticus C. Kelak
Satureja thymbra L.

.

.
.
1 (T. serpyllum) 3 % (T. vulgaris).
(thymol, 30-55%), (carvacrol, 1-5%), p- (p-cymene, 1520%), - (-terpinene, 5-10%), (linalool, 1-5%)
Agptioi stfanoi, Dkoi mzhla, Qoskoi motouka.
616

RV: qmbra o d rsnh, o d probtioj, o d

smtij, o d rganon grion, o d graton, `Rwmaoi satouram, o d qomoum, o d konoula ostika, Agptioi
sekemmnh.
617

RV: rpulloj o d zugj gra, o d plion, Agptioi

meroupuoj, `Rwmaoi serpolloum, o d kker rrtikoum.
618

pqumon nqoj st qmou to sklhrotrou ka

qmbrv oiktoj sti d keflia lept, kofa, oracoj
conta j trcaj.
kaqarei d pinmenon ktw flgma ka coln mlainan,
dwj rmzon p melagcolikn ka mpneumatoumnwn xubfou plqoj prj lkn dracmn tessrwn sn mliti ka ls
ka lgJ xei. genntai d pleston n Pamfulv ka Kappadokv.
619

[id. Per piqmou.] 'Epqumon tj qmou dunmej

stin scurteron, t pnta xhrainoshj te ka qermainoshj kat tn trthn pstasin.

358

 (0,5-1,5%), (borneol), (camphor), (limonene),

(myrcene), - (-pinene), trans-sabinene hydrate, - (terpineol) terpinen-4-ol. (-caryophyllene, 1-3%)
(Peter, 2001 Stahl-Biskup, 2002).

T. vulgaris. 6
1960
: , ,
, , - trans-thuyanol (= trans-sabinene hydrate).

(cineole).
T. serpyllum (20-40%),
(1-5%), p- (5-15%), - (5-15%),
, bornyl acetate, 1,8-cineol, (citral), (geraniol),
.
25 (Miura & Nakatani, 1989,
Wang et al., 1998), (aglycones) -
(o-glycosides). (apigenin)
(luteolin).

(rosmarinic acid, 0,15-2,6%,
). ,
(caffeic acid), p- (p-coumaric acid), (syringic
acid) (ferulic acid).
X

.
(43).
, , ,
( ) (54620).
(
) .
(12) ()
, ,
, (Ruta graveolens). (32.110)

620

... 'Organon qermanei, pgei d ka t

coldea. Qmbrh paraplsia t rignJ diaprssetai. Qmon
qermn, diacwrei ka oretai, gei d ka flegmatdea. Usswpoj qermanei ka flegmatdea gei.

359

 .
(371).
( , 3.36621)
.
( , .
, 2.41.3), , (.
, 2.119.4), , (
. , 2.80.3).

() (. , 2.34.1 2.39.3).
(.
, 1.201.1) ()
() (
, 1.167.3 1.140.2).
(. ,
1.233.1). (.
, 1.42.1). .

(1.5.1),
( ,
, , 2.31.2622),
,
(!) (, 2.138.1623).
621

dnamin d cei pinmenon met ln ka xouj gein

flegmatdej kat koilan. t d fyhma ato met mlitoj rqopnokoj ka sqmatikoj bohqe lminqj te xgei
ka mmhna ka detera ka mbrua gei sti d ka orhtikn, mign d mliti ka kleicqn eangwga t k qrakoj
poie. diafore d odmata prsfata kataplasqn met'
xouj ka amatoj qrmbouj dialei ka qmouj ka krocordnaj arei, ka sciadikoj met' onou ka lftou piteqn
rmzei, mbluwpontj te fele sqimenon n trof. ecrhston d ka prj tn n giev crsin nt rtmatoj.
622

qmou qmbraj sspou pzema [ fyhma] met mlitoj ka skwn xhrn

623

bdllaj d tj prosfuomnaj parisqmoij ka

katapsei ka stomcJ pobllei lmh katarrofoumnh, xoj,
pj silfou met xouj nagargarisqej katarrofomenoj
pfullon, clkanqoj sn xei nagargarisqej, culj
nagalldoj pinmenoj, xoj drim met qmou lenantej
pintwsan, ntrJ ka lsn sn dati nagargarizsqwsan.
kbalej <d>, n mbibsaj n balaneJ ej mbasin [ka] didj dwr yucrn lan n t stmati diakraten xelesontai
gr p t yucrn kpuromenai ka met t nagargarsasqa tini tn proeirhmnwn pericantw tn k to datoj
ln prj gr tn smn necqsontai.
, ,
, , , ,
, ,

360

 (3.37624)
,
.
, ,
.
(1.167.3,
1.201.1, 1.233.1, 2.34.1, 2.39.3, 2.41.3, 2.80.3, 2.119.4).
(, 3.38625).

. ,
( ),
, ( ).

, . 4
(13,64 gr) .
,
( , 5.16626).
, ,
. ( ) ( )
, ( ) .
, ( )
, ( ) .
624

dnatai d t at t qmJ mowj lambanomnh ka

prj tn n giev crsin eqetoj. gnetai d ka spart
qmbra, kat pnta tj graj lsswn, ecrhstotra d prj
brsin di t m pitetsqai tn drimthta.
625

rpulloj mn tj sti khpeutj, samyouczwn t

sm, ka stefanwmatikj nmastai d p to rpein te
ka ti n ato mroj qgV tj gj, izobolen. cei d
flla ka klwna rignJ mfer, pln leuktera p d
amasin kaqimenoj eauxsteroj gnetai. d tj stin
grioj, j ka zugj kaletai, oc rpwn, ll' rqj, klwna niej lept, frugandh, fllwn perplea mown phgnJ, pstena d sti ka pimhkstera ka sklhrtera <tata>,
nqh geuomnJ drima, sm dea, za crhstoj. fetai
n ptraij, nergsteroj ka qermantikteroj to khpeuto
prcwn ka prj tn n atrik crsin pithdeiteroj mmhn te gr gei ka ora kine pinmenoj fele <ka> strfouj, spsmata, gmata, patoj flegmonj ka prj rpet
pinmenj te ka kataplassmenoj, kefalj te dnhn paramuqetai yhqej sn xei ka katabracej migntoj at
odnou mlista d p lhqrgou ka frentidoj rmzei.
paei d ka meton amatoj dracmn tessrwn plqoj met'
xouj poqej.
626

qumoxlmV crnto o rcaoi p tn sqen tn

stmacon cntwn, kat trej tssaraj kuqouj prj dwr
qermn kerannntej ka didntej, ka p rqritikn ka pneumatoumnwn gei d paca ka mlana. skeuzetai d otw

361

 , , .
3-4 (135-180 ml)
,
.
( ). : 1 (67,5
ml) , , ,
(Mentha pulegium, . ),
6 (1,62 lt) (135 ml).
. (,
5.49-50627)
. 100 (34 gr)
, 1
( 26 ). , ,
, , ,
.
.
( , 5.25.46628).
( , 11.887.16629)
(), 3 3 ,
, , ,
.
, 630
, (

qmou leou xbafon, ln son, lftou, <phgnou>, glcwnoj,

kstou lgon, baln ej ggoj pcei datoj kotlaj ,
xouj mikotlion, periqej te qnion xaiqraze.
627

qumthj qmou kekommnou ka seshsmnou r

ndsaj ej qnion kqej ej glekouj kermion.
rmzei prj duspeyaj, norexaj, dusenergeaj nerwn,
pnouj pocondrwn, frkaj ceimerinj ka prj obla t
yconta ka pttonta.
qumbrthj mowj skeuzetai ka prj t at
poie, prj ka qumthj.

628

Qumtou skeuasa. [onoj qumthj]

Qmou kekommnou ka seshsmnou dracmj katn dsaj ej qnion kqej <ej> glekouj kermion. rmzei prj duspeyaj, norexaj,
dusergaj nerwn, pnouj pocondrwn, frkaj ceimerinj, ka prj
obla t yconta ka sponta.
629

[z. Per qmou.] Qmoj tmnei ka qermanei safj,

di toto ka ora ka katamnia kine ka mbrua katasp ka t splgcna diakaqarei pinomnh, taj te k
qrakoj ka pnemonoj nagwgaj sunaretai. ka tonun
n te t xhranein ka qermanein n t trtV txei qeton atn.
630

, 100 ..,
.
.

362

, 12.587.12631), (;)
(, 12.857.11632),
(, 12.879.14), 633
(, 13.108.17634 13.109.3),
(, 13.113.13635), (,
13.175.3636) .
, (Colchicum sp.) ( , 14.140.3)
(, 14.142.12).
( , 14.268.6637),

(, 14.292.14).
,
( , I.166638). 4
631

... llo. sspou, qmou, rignou ka dv ka mo cr.

632

sswpon qmon rganon kat' dan ka mo sn t xei ywn diaklzou,

= , = = ,
.
633
2 ., ,
.
634
... llo Carixnouj.
rignou h. qmou kmhj, rewj 'Illurikj, kalamnqhj
xhrj, peprewj leuko, nsou pefwgmnou kstou tosnde,
kpte ka sqe leptottJ kosknJ ka nalmbane mliti
fq, ddou d karou Pontiko t mgeqoj.
635

... llo, j Filnoj prj sqma ka dspnoian.

kardammou g. rewj a . pnakoj a. . kassaj a . strouqou a . strakoj b. qmou
h. phgnou grou sprmatoj h. brotnou h.
ristolocaj klhmatdoj, qeou prou, mmwniako qumimatoj n h. sn xei drime, poisaj pcoj khrwtj,
ddou kumou Aguptou mgeqoj n datoj kuqoij tris.
636

... brotnou ka qmou n do boloj sn onJ dj pien.

2 ( 1,1 gr) (Artemisia abrotanum) , .
637
... stw d ka t mli t kalomenon `Umttion.
tn gr qmon tn n totJ t rei t kaloumnJ `Umhtt ginmenon nmontai a mlissai, ka otw klliston
poiosi t mli.
638

Qmo tmnei ka qermanei af, enai t trth txew

tn qermainntwn ka di toto ka ora ka katamnia kine ka
mbrua katap ka t plgcna diakaqarei pinmeno ta te k
qrako ka pnemono nagwga unaretai. ka tata mn Galhn. t d di pera tata to rqritiko ddou to qmou xhro
leiottou d met' xumlito o ntei. kaqarei gr tn coln
ka to drime cra ka t per tn ktin. p d phrmnwn
koilin, tan rxwntai odanein, ddou a met melikrtou o a
ntei, pr fo ka cwn pnon pleur te ka qrako ka
pocondrwn metewrimo ka mpneumatei ddou g met' xumlito kekrammnou plqo kotlh a ntei. ddou d mow ka
to melagcoliko ka tn dinoian tetaragmnoi ka fbJ lgJ
unecomnoi g met o a to xumlito kekrammnou. p fqal-

363

 (13,6 gr) 70
(238 gr) , , ().
, ( )
. 1
(3,4 gr) 71 (241 gr),
. , , ,
, 3 (10,2 gr)
1 (270 ml), .
,
( )
( ), 3 (10,2 gr)
71 (241 gr) .
.
( )
, .
, 3 (10,2
gr) 71 (241 gr) .
,
( Helloborus sp.).
() ( ).
,
639.
, (, I.167640).
,
3 4 (10,2 13,6 gr)
(, .96.34).

(, 1.559641).
mintwn ka fdra dunwmnwn ddou mow ntei ka pr depnou ka p podagrikn dunwmnwn ka m dnaqai kineqai ddou
met' onou krtou mow p d didmwn phrmnwn ddou mow
g met o a onou ntei, pln mntoi t mlani qmJ t kaloumnJ llebrJ mhdlw kcrho fqartik gr ti ka col gennhtik, ll t conti nqo mprfuron mn fei, leukn d ti
con mplewn.
639

(Cuscuta epithymum)
(.144):
'Epqumon kat pnta curtern ti t qmou dunmew, xhranon ka qermanon kat tn trthn ptain. kaqarei d tn
melagcolikn cumn. klgou d to qmou to conto nqo eprfuron, con ti ka leukn mplewn.
640

Qmbra. Ka t qmbra d mlita t khpeumena paraplha

mn ei dunmew t qmJ, qenetra d poll.
641

'Ek tn 'Apollwnou epriston, eper simj stin pilhptikj.

'Epeidn katapsV, prsqej at qmon ka, e mn nalyetai,
simj stin, e d m, o. ej d prgnwsin pilhptikn ka tot
fasin, j clwra a p tn glttan atn erskontai flbej.

364

.
. .
.

().
.

(Maciocia, 1987),
(Bai, 1996).
.
( )
, () , 1
(27,264 gr), . 2
(9 ml) (, 2.181.11642).
(
, 8.19.1643),
.

(Holmes, 1997):
1. ,
, Qi ,
.
a. :
, ( ).
b. : , ,
,
.
c. Qi : , ,
, ( ,
, ).
2. , - -, ,
.
a. - : , , , ,
, ( ,
).
642

Bhcikn ntdoton poion pnu kalj prj tj yucrj diaqseij.

Peprewj, dafndwn, qmou n og. a, mlitoj t rkon. ddou
kocliria do wqen.
643

Onoj kanj gunaik kataspsai

gla, ka m sugcwrn tini wstmati
peripesen.
Tn qmon sullxaj tan nq ka xhrnaj tryon, eta mbale ej t kermion conikaj d picwn
onou leuko metrhtn, ka katleiyon t kermion
p mraj m.
1,44 ( ) 4,36 lt ( ) 39 lt,
40 .

365

b. - : ,
(, ).
3. ,
.
a. ( ): ,
, ,
(, ,
).
b. - : , ,
, (, ,
).
4. , .
a. : ,
, ().
b. - : , ,
(, ).
5. Qi , ,
,
.
a. Qi: , , , ,
.
b. Qi : , , ,
, ( ,
, .,
,
, ).

c. : ,
, ( ,
).
6. , ,
,
. :
a. ,
.
b. , ,
, , ,
.

,
,
, , , , ).
c. .
d. (.. , ).
e. (), .
f. , (hookworms,
Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus)
( ,
Echinococcus spp.).
g. .
h. .
i. .

366

 ,
, , , .
-
, .

,
,
, ,
. Huo Xiang (,
Agastache rugosa Pogostemon cablin) Ban
Xia (, Pinellia ternala) Bai Qian (,
Cynanchum stauntoni) (Holmes, 1997).
Qi -- .

- (
), - (),
Zi Su Ye (, Perilla frutescens).
-
, ,
.
, 5 9, 13, 20
38.
Qi.
(4-10 gr
) .
(2-4 ml , 1:5 45%, . Gruenwald et al.,
2000) ,
. ,
. 1-2
, .
1%.
. ,
.
(Syzygium aromaticum).
, , ,
. , .
.
, ..
(Eucalyptus globulus .), (Origanum majorana)
(Piper nigrum).
, (pituitous
humours) (Salmon, 1702).
.
,
.

Yin.
.
.
367

 . Thymus
serpyllum
(, , . Franchomme & Penoel, 1990).

(
), , , , ,
, .
, .

, , ( ),
. ( 100 gr
) , ,
, , ,
.
(Schauenberg & aris, 1981 Stary, 1991).
,
(.. Chartreuse, . Stary, 1991).
, (1972)
, ,
, ,
.
5-15 gr 1 lt ,
30-100 gr 1 lt .
1-5 2 gr .
, 25 .
.
LD50 (T. vulgaris)
2-5 g/kg (Peter, 2001).

( Manou et al., 1998,
Salmeron et al., 1990 Karaman et al., 2001).
(Van Den Broucke & Lemli, 1983 Cruz et al., 1989)
(Miura & Nakatani, 1989, Wang et al., 1998, Haraguchi et
al., 1996 Miura et al., 2002).
(Miura et al., 1989 Nakatani et al., 1989).

,
(
, , ,
) Qi ,
.
, , -
.
368

, - -
, , .
, , -
() (,
), .
Qi, ( Qi )
, (
, ), .
, (
, , , ,
,
), , ,
,
.

369

 10: &

370

 &
,

( ) (
).
,
.
,

.

.
, ,
.
, .

(
, ),
.
( ) , , ,
(), ( ), ,
, ( ) .
644
, 645.
( ),
.
() ,
(),
.

(), , ,
.

644

,
.
645
2
(30 1 2012), Duan Zhi Liang

[black gram, black lentil black bean, Vigna mungo (L.)
Hepper] da huang ( Rheum palmatum L.),
.
( ).

371


.
.
.
.

,
,
.

, ( 646)

, ,
. ,

,
.
, ,
. ,
(Mentha
pulegium) .


.
,
, .
.
,
.
- -
. ,
, ,
. ,
, , ,
646

,,11.750.12:
,,
,,.
,,

372

 , .
: (Raphanus sativus) ,
(Verbascum album),
.
,
da huang Duan (.
).

, .
.

, .
(),
. ()
,
, ,
-
.
.


,
.
, .


, 647. ()
,
. ,
,

. .
, ,
.
,
, .
,
,
. ..:

647

,.(,
,4.4).

373

1.
, ,
.
2. ,
.
3. 648 -
(),
.
, , , .
4. , ,
, .
5. .
6. , ,

( ).

, (
) .
, .


,
,
.
.
.
,
, , , , ,
( ;),
,
, , , ,
. ,
()
. .
,
, ,
648

:
.

374

, , ,
.
,
649
.
,

.
.
,
, ,
.

.
,
.
( ).
.
.
,
. .
.
,
,
. , .
,
.

.
.
.
,
.

.

649

:,..,,17:
,,,,,
,,.:.
.: , , .
() , , .

375


, , 4.13-4.16


.
,
.
( ).
.
.
,
.

,
.
,
,,
,
.
,
,,.
,
.

, , 21

( )
.

.
.
. .
, .
.
.
,
,
. , .
,
, (),

.
(), , ,
.
( )
, ,
.
,
376

 ,
.
.
.
.
,
, , , , ,
( ;),
,
, , , ,
. ,
()
. .
,
, ,
, , , ,
.
, . 0,5
. ,
.

.
.
.
, .
.

.,
,
.
,.
.
,.
.
.
,
,,.
,,
,
,
,,,,
.
,
,.
,
,,
,
,

377

,
,.
,
,,,,
,,,
,
,
,,
,,
,.
,
,,
,,,,
,.
,

,.

,,
,
,
.

( -),
, 19.661.15 - 19.664.10
.
.

,
,,.
,
,
.,
.,
.
.

.,

378

.
,
,
.
..

.
,
.,
,.
,

,
,.

,
,

,,
,
..
,,
.

379


Tragopogon pratensis L.
Tragopogon porrifolius L.
: T. sinuatum Ave. Lall.
: Asteraceae (
Compositae)
:
: ,
:
,
: goatsbeard, salsify,
oyster plant, Jack-go-to-bed-at-noon, goto-bed-at-noon.
: salsifis des prs (T.
pratensis L.), salsifis cultiv (T. porrifolius
L.)
: Wiesen-Bocksbart
(T. pratensis L.), Haferwurzel (T.
porrifolius L.)
: (;)
: ( ).
: , ,
,
: , , , (;)
: , , ,
(), ( , ,
,
)
: -
:
: ( ), ()
:
:
:

380


650 ( , 7.7651)
( , 2.143652)
Tragopogon,
Tragopogon porrifolius L.
(Baumann, 1982, , 1999 , 2000),
(1914).
(Polunin, 1987),
, .
,
Tragopogon spp., (Dalby, 2001).

,
Taraxacum Cichorium
.
Cichorium intybus L.
(lactucerol) (Tschirch & Stock, 1933-1936).
(orientin)
(iso-orientin). cis-9, 10epoxysteric (dienoic acids) (Khare, 2007).
(8 mgr/100 gr),
(183), (60), (14), (1,2), (0,1), (53),
(25) (46). (Khare, 2007).
X

. (, .)
.
(
, ,

650

.
tragopgwn, o d kmhn kalosin,
tn mn zan cei makrn ka glukean t d
flla t krkJ moia pln makrtera, tn
kauln d bracn, f' o tn kluka meglhn
ka x krou mgan tn pppon polin, f' o
kaletai tragopgwn.
651

652

tragopgwn, o d kmhn kalosi. kaulj bracj,

flla krkJ moia, za makr, glukea. p d to kaulo
klux meglh, ka x krou pppoj mgaj, f' o ka t
noma schken. sti d pa ddimoj.

381

12.423653 12.425), . ,
,
, (82).
(
, 12.19654).
Gerard (goats beard, The Herbal, 111)
( Tragopogon pratensis L. yellow goats beard) ,
.

.
Culpepper,
, ,
. , (),
(Grieve, 1931 Lust, 1983).
, .
(, 1999).
,
, (Delaveau et al., 1981). ,
,

(Chevallier, 1996).
(Thompson, 1878, Organ, 1960, Hedrick,
1972 Mabey, 1974), .
(Loewenfeld et al., 1980),
655 .
, (Facciola, 1990).

(Grieve, 1931).

(Huxley, 1992 Facciola,
1990).
., (Thompson, 1878, Organ,
653

[.]
,.
....
..
,..
.
654
Tragopgwn (o d kmhn kalosi) kaulj bracj flla
krkJ moia za makr, glukea p d to kaulo klux meglh,
ka x krou karpj mlaj, f' o ka t noma schken. sti d'
pa ddimoj.
655

, ,
45 cm . ,
(, 2000).

382

1960, Hedrick, 1972, Loewenfeld et al., 1980, Larkcom, 1980, Facciola, 1990).
(Facciola, 1990),
(Yanovsky, 1936, Usher, 1974,
Tanaka, 1976, Facciola, 1990).
,
16 . .
18 . .
, .
Ayurveda
(Chopra et al, 1986).

, .

(. ),
.
, (),
. , ,
,
.

383


Ficus carica L.
: Moraceae
:
: , ,
: ,
: common fig tree
: figuier commun
: Echte Feige
:
:
:
: , ,
:
,
,
, , ,
, , , .

: , , , (:
& , )
: , , ,
:
: 30-60 gr
: Wu Hua Guo ( Ficus carica L.)
: & ,
,

Ficus carica L. .
,
. 656,
, (, ,
, 1.40 15.1:18.58). ,
(Blastophaga psenes L.,
Hymenoptera), (
, Bekker, 557b657) (
656

,
(, , 4,73), (Atropa belladonna L.).
657
T d' rine t n toj rineoj cousi toj kaloumnouj ynaj. Gnetai d toto prton skwlkion, eta perirragntoj to drmatoj kptetai toto gkatalipn yn,
ka esdetai ej t tn sukn rine, ka di stigmtwn
poie m popptein t rine di periptous te t rine

384

, 2.8.1 2.8.3658 , 2.9.5659).

( ) (, 1987).
carica , ,
(Dalby, 2001).

. ,

. ,
,
(Naturalis Historiae, XV.80). 8000 ..,
, .
, ,
(Dalby, 2001).
, ,
,
.
.

()

( , )

( )

() ( )

( &
) ( )

( )

( )

()

()

, 5 . ..
, ,
prj tj sukj o gewrgo, ka futeousi plhson taj
sukaj rineoj.
658

qen ka rinasmj k gr tn
ke kremannumnwn rinn ynej kdumenoi katesqousi ka pianousi tj korufj.
659

atn diastsei di' ka rinzousi tj sukj toto

d poiosin pwj o ynej o k tn rinn tn pikremannumnwn ginmenoi diogwsi t p tj sukj
mn gr gnesij x kenwn zhtontej d tn moan
trofn kptontai ka prosptantai toj p tj sukj rinoj. Sumbanei d toto ka p tn (m)
rinazomnwn tan plhson tn sukn rineo sin,
di' ka parafuteousi taj sukaj rineoj p tn
krwn pwj kat' nemon ptsij ora gnhtai, taj
mn prwaij prwouj taj d' yaij youj taj d
msaij msouj na kat tn okean ran kstoij
rinasmj .

385

 ,
,
.
, .
,
, ( )
(
foie gras).

(bergapten), - (-sitosterol),
(cadalene), (coumarins), , (ficusin),
(fucosogenin), (guaiacol), (lupeol),
(neoxanthin), (psoralen), (stigmasterol),
(xanthotoxin), (xanthotoxol), . ,
(arginine), , , , , ,
, , , , , , , ,
(cystine), (histidine), (isoleucine), (leucine),
(lutein), (lysine), (methionine), (niacin) . ,
, (cerotinic acid),
(diastase), (esterase), (ficin), (lipase), (protease)
. (Duke, 1992b).

() .
,
. ( , 55.20660).

( , 2.28661).
,
. ,
, , , ,
660

Skon clwrn granei ka diacwrei ka qermanei, granei mn, ti gculn sti,

qermanei d di tn glukn pn, ka diacwrei t prta tn skwn kkista, ti esn
pwdstata, bltista d t stata t xhr ska kausdea mn, diacwrhtik d.

661

`Etrh kungch flegmanei topisqen tj glsshj ka t

klqron t p tn brgcon, ka o dnatai katapnein t salon,
od' llo odn n d' nagkasq, di tn inn o ei. Otan
otwj cV, tryaj mnqhn clwrn ka slinon ka rganon ka ltron ka tj ou tj ruqrj, mliti diej, pac poiwn, gcrein
tn glssan swqen n odV peita nazsaj ska, pocaj t
dwr, tryaj tj ou, lghn dinai t sukJ totJ, ka nagargarzein, n dnhtai n d m, diaklzesqai

386

 . ,
.
,
. ,
( , 91662).
, ,
, () (
, 1.128663).
662

Hn kaqrai tj straj bolV, ntron, kminon, skrodon,

ka ska lea poisaj, mliti desaj, prostqei, ka qerm
lousqw, ka p qermo pintw.
, , , , ,
.
.
663
ska ppeira t pal kakostmaca, koilaj lutik
vdwj d x atn eumatismj statai, xanqhmtwn
ka drtwn proklhtik, diya d ka sbestik qermasaj.
t d xhr trfima, qermantik, diyhtiktera, ekolia,
qeta d eumatismoj stomcou ka koilaj, brgcJ d ka
rthrv ka kstei ka nefroj eqeta ka toj k makronosaj
kakocroosi ka sqmatikoj ka pilhmptikoj ka drwpikoj nakaqarei d ka t n qraki pozesqnta sn sspJ ka poqnta, rmzei d ka palaiaj bhx ka toj
per pnemona cronoij pqesi, koilan te malssei kopnta met ntrou ka knkou ka sqimena. t d fyhma
atn taj per rthran ka parsqmia flegmonaj rmzei
ej nagargrisma, ka ej tj mhlseij d megnutai ka ej
gunaikeaj puraj met tlewj ptisnhj, sn phgnJ d
strfwn stn gklusma. kataplattmena d fq lea diafore sklhraj, parwtdaj, doqinaj malttei, fgeqla pepanei, ka mllon sn ridi ntrJ sbstJ ka m d
kopnta sn oj erhtai t at dr. sn sidJ d aj
ptergia nakaqarei, met calknqou d t n knmaij dusalq ka eumatik ka kakoqh qerapeei. yhqnta d
n onJ ka mignta yinqJ ka kriqnJ lerJ drwpikoj
fele kataplasqnta kekaumna d ka mignta khrwt cimtlaj tai, lea d m sn npui gr nalhmfqnta ka
nteqnta n sn couj ka knhsmoj qerapeei.
d pj tj graj ka tj mrou sukj phktikj sti
glaktoj sper pita lei d ka t pephgj sper ka
t xoj, lkwtikj te swmtwn ka nastomwtikj, koilaj te
lutikj ka straj nacalastikj met mlou leou pinmenoj, ka mmnwn gwgj prosteqej sn o lekqJ khr
Turrhnik, podagrikoj te kataplsmasi crsimoj met thlnou lerou ka xouj. smcei d ka lpraj ka leicnaj,
fleij, lfoj, yraj sn lftJ, ka skorpioplktoij kat
tj plhgj pistazmenoj ka obloij ka kunodktoij bohqe,
ka dontalgaj fele rJ nalhmfqej ka ej t brma
ntiqmenoj, ka murmhkan arei stati periplasqeshj tj
n kklJ sarkj. t at d ka culj poie tn p tj
graj sukj paln kldwn, nka n gkuoi si, mhdpw d
to fqalmo beblasthktoj. koptmenoi d kqlbontai, ka
culj xhrainmenoj n ski potqetai. lambnetai d ka
ej lkwtikj dunmeij te pj ka culj. a d krdai
<pala> boeoij krasi sugkaqeymenai eyhta tata poi-

387

( ), ,
. , ,
,
, , ,
. ,
, .
(),
(Hyssopus officinalis L.) .
.
(Cnicus benedictus L.) .
,
.
(Peganum harmala L.) .
, ,
, , (Iris
germanica L. Iris pallida Lam.) .
,
.
(Artemisia absinthium L.)
,
. (Sinapis spp. Brassica
spp.) .
osi, ka t gla d lutikteron n t ysei kinomenon ataj nt spqhj paraskeuzousin.
o d lunqoi, p d tinwn rineo kalomenoi, fqo
kataplasqntej psan sustrofn ka coirdaj kmalssousin,
mo d murmhkaj ka qmouj sn ntrJ ka lerJ kataplasqntej arousi. ka t flla d t at dnatai sn
xei d ka ls kataplasqnta craj, ptura, pinuktdaj
tai. paratrbetai d atoj ka t sukdh ka traca tn
blefrwn, ka lekai d kataplssontai toj tj melanhj
sukj flloij toj kldoij poie ka prj t kundhkta
sn mliti ka prj t khra. ngousi d o lunqoi ka
st sn mkwnoj graj flloij, doqinj te sn khr dialousi, sn rbJ d ka onJ kataplasqntej prj muogalj
dgmata ka skolopndraj rmzousi.
gnetai d ka kona graj sukj ka mrou, kantwn
tn kldwn, k tj tfraj polbrocon d atn de poien
ka palaion. rmzei d ej t kaustik ka gaggrainomena
nakaqarei d ka nalskei t periss. crsqai d at
de spggon brcontaj sunecj ka pitiqntaj, f' n d ka
gklzontaj, j p dusenterikn ka palain eumtwn ka
klpwn ponmwn ka meglwn kaqarei gr ka koll ka
sarko ka sumfei oiktwj toj namoij. ka potzetai d
prj amatoj kqrmbwsin ka ptmata, gmata, spsmata,
<a>tj sn datoj n kuqJ prosftou diulismnhj ka laou
migntoj lgou, koiliakoj d ka dusenterikoj kaq' autn
kuqou plqoj bohqe didomnh, ka toj neurikoj d ka
spastikoj sgcrisma rmdion sn onJ drtaj kinosa, ka
prj gyou psin ka falaggwn dgmata pnetai. parcousi
d t at ka a loipa konai, mlista d drunh, stuptika d esi psai.

388

 ( ;)
!
, .
,
.
( ), ,

. ,
. , ,
,
, .
,

. ,
.
.
().

. ,
.
,
.

, , ,
.
, (), , (
), , ,
, 664 ( ).
,
(Papaver rhoeas).
(),
,
.
,
( ), .
, , .
(45 ml)
664

.
(Desmana moschata Galemys pyrenaicus) .
(Sorex spp. Crocidura spp.).
(Genetta genetta),
, (Mustela nivalis) (Felis
cattus). ,
.
Glis glis,
, (,
2.68).

389

 (), , .

, .

.
,
( , 12.132665
12.88666).
. ()
(, 12.133667).
()
,
,
(Dalby, 2001).
665

[mg. Per skwn.] Ska t mn xhr qerm tn

dnamn sti, kat tn prthn pou txin dh sumplhroumnhn, tn deutran rcomnhn, cei d ti ka leptomerj.
x mfon totwn kan sumpptein st toj sklhroj
tn gkwn, eqj d' atoj diafore. ka at mn on
kaq' aut kataplassmena toiathj st dunmewj. ka
t fyhma d' atn moaj prcei fsewj. cr d pou
ka sumpyai bolei mllon, prinon leuron mignein,
pou d diaforsai, krqinon. d rtoj n t msJ totwn stn. ll mn toiata tj per farmkwn sunqsej sti ka tj qerapeutikj okeitera meqdou. prj
d t parn rke ka tata ginskein pr scdwn. ednai d ka j a mn uparterai pptein mllon, a drimterai d' n t geesqai ptein te ka diaforen pefkasi, t d' pipleston atn yhqeisn n dati gignmenon moin stin o tn sstasin mnon, ll ka tn
dnamin mliti. t d clwr ska sqimena di tn pimixan tj grthtoj sqenestraj st dunmewj, pgei
mntoi koilan mfw, ka t gr ka t xhr. t d tn
rinen ska drimeaj st ka diaforhtikj dunmewj. otw
d ka tn mrwn o lunqoi, metcousi gr ti to tj
sukj po.

666

[g. Per lnqwn.] Olunqoi drimeaj es ka diaforhtikj dunmewj, di tn mfermenon atoj pn, pantj to dndrou koinn. yhqntej mn on toj sklhroj
gkouj diaforosin, mo d ka murmhkaj ka qmouj
kbllousin.
667

[md. Per sukj.] Suk qermj ka leptomeroj sti krsewj, j te pj atj dhlo ka tn fllwn culj. scurj gr kteron atn sti qermn, ste
od dknei mnon ptei sfodrj, ll ka lko ka
nastomo ka murmhkaj kbllei. sti d ka kaqartikn.
d tj graj sukj, n rinen nomzousin, pj te ka
culj scurteroj ej panta to tj mrou. ka a krdai d' atn otwj es qerma ka leptomerej tn krsin ste ka toj boeoij krasi toj sklhroj yomnoij
mballmenai taker poiosin at.

390

 20 .
,
.
, ,
, ,
( & , 1948).
,
.
, ,
, , , , , , .

.
( & , 1948).
,
(. ).

.
, , . ,
(, 2000).
,
.
,
(, 2000).

(Wu Hua Guo) .
, .
, ,
.
, 30-60 gr (Hong-Yen et al., 1986).


( , Ippen, 1982
Dechamp et al., 1995).
(Serraclara et al., 1998) (Canal et al.,
2000), ,
(Perez et al., 1999).
,
(Amorin et al., 1999).

(Rubnov et al., 2001),

(Richter et al., 2002).
Ehrlich (
),
.
391


, ,
, , ,
.
()
.
, , , .

. ()
,
(. ).
() , ,
.
.

392


Helleborus niger L.
Helleborus cyclophyllus Boiss.
Helleborus orientalis Lam.
: Ranunculaceae
: Rhizoma Hellebori
:
: ,
( ), ,
, , , ,
: black hellebore
: hellbore noir, ellbore noir,
rose de Nel
: Schwarze Nieswurz,
Christrose
: 3, 3
: , ,
: (), ,

: ,
:
()
: -
:
: ()
: 2-10 , 0,065-0,13 gr,
0,65-1,3 gr (1,8-3,4 gr ) 0,13-0,19 gr
, 7,5 gr 500 ml (30 ml )
:
: , ,
,

(. ' = , ) (= ),
(Burrell & Tyler, 2006).
(Hofmann, 1974). (1914)
(H. niger L., H. cyclophyllus
Boiss. H. orientalis Lam.). Halascy (1875)

.
Flora Europaea (utin et al., 1964-1976) Helleborus
cyclophyllus Boiss. Helleborus orientalis Lam. ( ).

393


.

.
. (
, 4.162668)
, ( ), 669,
, ,
, H. niger L.
,
.
rose de Nel Christrose
-. Gerard
: H. niger L., H. occidentalis Reuter
H. foetidus L.

, .
(Veratrum album L.), .
,
( , 9.10.1670).
668

llboroj mlaj, o d Melampdion, o d ktomon, o d polrrizon kalosi Melampdion d, peid doke

Melmpouj tij aploj tj Protou qugatraj manesaj at
kaqrai ka qerapesai. cei d t flla clwr, platnJ
prosemfer, lttona d prj t to sfondulou ka poluscidstera ka melntera ka potraca kaulj bracj, nqh
d leuk, mprfura, t d scmati botruoeid, ka n at
karpj knkJ paraplsioj, n ka atn kalosin o n 'Antikrv shsamoeidj, crmenoi prj tj kaqrseij at zai
d mlainai, lepta, oone p tinoj kefalou kromudouj
rthmnai, n ka crsij fetai n tracsi ka gewlfoij
ka kataxroij tpoij. ka stin ristoj k tn toiotwn lambanmenoj cwrwn, oj stin x 'Antikraj ka gr mlaj
kllistoj n at genntai. klgou d tn etrofon ka esarkon, leptn conta tn nterinhn, drimn n t gesei ka
purdh toiotoj d' stn n t `Elikni ka Parnass ka
<n> Atwlv fumenoj, diafrei mntoi `Eliknioj.

669

:
RV: llboroj mlaj o d Melampdion, o d 'Orstion, o d polrrizon, o d Protion, o d melanrrizon,
o d koirneion, proftai zwmartij, Agptioi gaa, o d
lafuj, o d kemelg, o d rmiel, `Rwmaoi bertroum ngroum, o d konsilgw, o d sarrka, Dkoi prodirna.
670

`O d llboroj te mlaj ka leukj

sper mnumoi fanontai per d tj yewj
diafwnosin o mn gr moouj enai, pln t
crmati mnon diafrein tn zan to mn
leukn to d mlainan o d to mn mlanoj
t fllon dafndej to d leuko prasdej,
tj d zaj moaj pln tn crwmtwn. o d'

394

 , (, Bekker
864a.4671).

(helleborein), (hellebrin) (helleborin).
(Schauenberg
& Paris, 1981). 1970
,
.

, H. viridis L. (Spoerke & Smolinske, 1990).

,

,
.
( ) 585 ..,
,
( ) , .

(Mayor, 2003).
, , Thesaurus
Linguae Graecae ( ) 1.084
.
on moouj lgontej toinde fasn enai tn
morfn kauln mn nqerikdh bracn sfdra
fllon d platsciston, parmoion sfdra t
to nrqhkoj, mkoj d' con eq d' k tj zhj
rthmnon ka pigeifullon polrrizon d' e
mla taj leptaj ka crhsmoij.
'Anairen d tn mn mlana ka ppouj ka
boj ka j, di' ka odn nmesqai totwn tn
d leukn nmesqai t prbata ka k totou
prton sunofqnai tn dnamin kaqairomnwn
kenwn raoj d metoprou, to d' roj wroj
ll prj tn pulaan o k tj Othj sullgousi plestoj gr ntaqa fetai ka ristoj
monaco d fetai tj Othj per tn Purn.
671

Di t d t mn tn nw koilan t d tn ktw
kine, oon llboroj mn tn nw, skammwna d tn ktw, t d mfw, oon latrion ka tj qayaj pj;
( ) , ,
(Ecballium elaterium L.) (Thapsia garganica L.)
.

395

 .
( , 7.29672)
() ,
,
, .
(
, 16.1673).
.

(, .),
672

... Hn d p tj
frnaj t lghma, j d tn klhda m shmanV,
malqssein de tn koilhn, mlani llebrJ peplJ, mlani mn dakon sseli kminon nnhson llo ti tn ewdwn msgonta, peplJ d pn silfou tr ka misgmena llloisin moitropa tat stin.
Agei d mlaj mn kallw ka krisimtera peplou, pplion
d mlanoj mllon fuswn katahktikn stin mfw
d tata dnhn paei paei d ka lla poll tn phltwn
krtista d tata n g oda stn. 'Epe ka t n tosi ofmasi didmena plata rgei, ksa m gan stn hda di pikrthta di' llhn tin hdhn, di plqoj
croin poyhn tin.
,
(, Euphorbia peplis L.):
, , ,
.
.
.
. ,
. .
,
,
,
.
673
'Elleborzein d cr osin p kefalj fretai
ema ksoi d x posthmtwn fleboaghj
di' krhshn di' llhn tin scurn athn mpuoi ggnontai, m ddou llboron tosi toioutoisin odn gr
felsei, ka n ti pqV, ation dxei enai llboroj n d dialhtai t sma, pnoj n kefal ,
mpeplasmna t oata j, ptuelismj,
gountwn broj, smatoj gkoj par t qoj, ti n
xumbanV mte p potn, mte p frodiswn,
mte p lphj, mte p frontdwn, mte p grupnin n mn ti toutwn cV ation, prj toto poiesqai tn qerapehn.
<> (
). , , ,
,
, .
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
, . ,
.

396

 ,
(
).
(, 6.1.5)
7 (7.1.88).

(, 4.13-4.16674),
.
(4.16),
(5.1) , .

( , 32.20675 .),
(, 33.36676) (, 1.16.3, 1.74.43677).

.
(, 78.179678, . 91.18 91.21).

674

Prj toj llebrouj tosi m hdwj nw kaqairomnoisi, pr tj psioj progranein t smata pleoni
trof ka napasei.
'Epn pV tij llboron, prj mn tj kinsiaj tn swmtwn mllon gein, prj d toj pnouj ka m kinsiaj,
sson dhlo d ka nautilh, ti knhsij t smata
tarssei.
'Epn bolV mllon gein tn llboron, knei t
sma pn d pasai, pnon poei, ka m knei.
'Ellboroj pikndunoj tosi tj srkaj giaj cousi,
spasmn gr mpoiei.
13.

.
14. ,
.
( ).
15. .
.
16. , .
675
Eteron camailontoj tn zan xsaj son llebrou psin n onJ fq kersaj dati
psai.
676

Eteron llebrou son do psiaj diej onJ gluke, son do kotlaij, klsai clier.
: ,
.
677
Ka llboroj n onJ gluke, arn leuron ka prinon mliti fursaj, n erJ
prostiqnai.
, , ,
.
678
Embruon knhton fqerai ka kbalen stupthrhj scistj
dracmn man, smrnhj son, llebrou mlanoj tribolon tryaj
lea n onJ mlani, balnia poiein, ka prostiqnai, crij n
kat' lgon poluq.
: , ,
, ,
.

397

( ) (, 94.1679).
(21680) ,
:
679

T shptikn de poietai llboroj mlaj, sandarkh,

lepj calko, son kstou trbein cwrj tan d leon , paramxai mij merdoj diplsion ttanon, nadesaj kedrnJ, critw.
: , , ,
, . ,
, .
680
.

.,
,
.
,.
.
,.
.
.
,
,,.
,,
,
,
,,,,
.
,
,.
,
,,
,
,
,
,.
,
,,,,
,,,
,
,
,,
,,
,.
,
,,
,,,,
,.
,

,.

,,

398


.

. .
, .
.
, (
/).
, (. , 7.25681).
, .
,
,
(. , 1.2682). , .
, ()
, ,

.
(), ,
, .
,
, .

, ,
( )
,
.
.
.
, , , ,
, , ,
,
, , , ,
. ,
( )
,
,
.
681

,.

682

,,
,,,,
,.
,,,,
,.
,,,,,.

399

 .
.
,
, ,
, ( ),
(), ,
. ,
( Reseda alba L.) .
. ,
683.
(
) .
.
.
, .
()
( , 9.9.2684),
(,
9.8.8), .
30 (,
9.14.1685). (6.13.4686)
.

,
.

683

: 3 1,5
( , 4.149).
684
`O d llboroj p tat t te zV ka t
karp crsimoj, eper o n 'Antikrv, kaqper
fas, t karp kaqarousin cei d <tn>
shsamdh toton.
685

mn gr llboroj ka trikonta th crsimoj,

686

Ka di toto frmaka farmkwn menw kat toj tpouj o makrn pcontaj oon
k tj Othj llboroj to n t Parnas doke gr scurteroj enai otoj ka oc
rmttein ej tn crean.

400

 ( , 4.162687)
. ,
, 1,8 3,4 gr
. .
, , ,
. .
, .
2-3 .
, .
,
. .
.
.
,
.
.
,
688. ,
687

kaqarei d tn ktw koilan gwn flgma ka coln kaq'

autn met skammwnaj ka ln didmenoj dracmj mij
triwblou lk sunyetai d ka fakoj ka zwmoj toj
ej kqarsin lambanomnoij. fele d pilhmptikoj, melagcolikoj, mainomnouj, rqritikoj, paralelumnouj prosteqej d mmhna gei ka mbrua fqerei, sriggj te kaqarei
kaqeqej ka met trthn xaireqej mowj ka p duskwfontwn kaqetai ej t oj, menoj p do trej mraj.
qerapeei d ka yraj met libanwto ka khro ka ro
ptthj kedrnou laou katacrimenoj, met' xouj d kaq'
autn kataplassmenoj lfoj ka leicnaj ka lpraj qerapeei. yhqej d n xei dontalgaj pranei diakluzmenoj
shptaj te megnutai, met kriqnou d lerou ka onou
katplasma gnetai drwpikn flimon. sumfuteuqej d
mploij prj t zV tn x atn onon kaqartikn rgzetai
perirranousi d ka okaj at kaqrsion enai nomzontej,
qen ka rssontej stantai prj w, ecmenoi 'Apllwni
ka 'Asklhpi, fulattmenoi <d> etn fptasqai gr fasin ok kindnwj ddwsi gr tn qnaton rnij, nper
dV tn rugn to llebrou. suntnwj d de rttein di t
karhbaran k tj poforj gnesqai, qen ej profulakn
o rttontej proesqousi skrda ka onon pnousin, blabsteron diatiqmenoi. xenterzetai d sper leukj llboroj.

688

( , 9.8.8):
Ka lla d toiata plew. perigrfein d
ka tn mandragran ej trj xfei, tmnein d
prj spran blponta. tn d' teron kklJ
periorcesqai ka lgein j plesta per frodiswn. toto d' moion oike t per to
kumnou legomnJ kat tn blasfhman tan
sperwsi. perigrfein d ka tn llboron
tn mlana ka tmnein stmenon prj w ka
kateucmenon etn d fulttesqai ka k
dexij ka x risterj kndunon gr enai toj

401

 .

. .
.
(, 941
, 483) -
(Aplysia spp.) (
, 30689).
(
, 11.874690),
(), () (, 11.476).
, ,
, . 3 .
, .

.
:
, (Convolvulus scammonia L.)
[Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.] (
tmnousin, nper ggj pignhtai etj, poqnskein niaut. tata mn on piqtoij
oiken, sper erhtai. trpoi d' ok es tn
izotomin pln oj epomen.
(Mandragora officinarum L.)
.
689
[Per lagwo qalassou.] Lagwo d qalassou poqntoj, parakolouqe gesij moa cqsi brwmdesin n d t cronsai koila te lge, ka ora pcetai e pote d kkriqeh, porfurzonta t crv rtai
postrof te ka msoj prj pnta cqn ka drosi dujdh parpetai d atoj ka metoj coldhj, note amati
memigmnoj oj doton gla neion, gluk sunecj, ka
malchj zhj ka tn fllwn t fyhma, kuklamnou zan lean sn onJ llebrou mlanoj skammwnaj po a met melikrtou on te purnaj,
kedraj leaj met' onou poie ka chnj ama poqn qermn m dunmenoi d otoi cqaj projengkasqai, mnouj toj
potamouj karknouj fqoj sqousi, ka pnontej onon memigmnon p' atn, pssousin felomenoi tekmrion d' stn
p' atn swthraj, tan rxwntai cqaj projfresqai.
690

[q. Per llebrou.] 'Ellboroj kteroj, te

leukj ka mlaj, uptikj te ma ka qermantikj esi
dunmewj. di ka prj lfoj ka leicnaj ka yraj ka
lpraj rmttousi, ka mn d ka ej srigga tetulwmnhn mlaj, kaqimenoj n do pou ka trisn mraij
fsthsin atj tn tlon, ka dntaj d sn xei diakluzmenoj nnhsi. ka kesqwsan n t trtV txei tn
qermainntwn te ka xhrainntwn. sti d t gesei qermteroj mn mlaj, ppikroj d leukj.

402

 , 12.383691).
(,
12.393), (, 12.457), (, 12.605
12.628), (, 12.652, 12.655),
(, 12.687), (, 12.842), (,
12.867) .
()
(, 3.12.2).
( , 8.1.41 8.6.28).
(
) ( , .140692)
, (),
(;), ,
.
( , 2.18.2693),

.
,
, , ,
. 2-10 ,
0,065 0,13 gr (1-2 grains) , 0,65 1,3 gr (10-20 grains)
0,13 0,19 gr (2-3
grains) . 7,5 gr (7,78 gr, 2 drachms)
500 ml (568 ml, 1 pint), 30 ml (29,57 ml, 1 fluid ounce)
(Grieve, 1931).
691

... poa d sti tata, di tj

croij to tj kefalj drmatoj diagnsV. fanetai gr
nwn mn p t leukteron ktrepmenon, nwn d' p t
melnteron crteron, ste ka kqarsin prton p' atn rgsV to pantj smatoj, toi flgmatoj gwgn
doj frmakon colj crj melanhj, k tj
croij tekmairmenoj tn pleonzonta cumn. g d' e
di tj erj kqhra, prosbaln note mn llebrou mlanoj, e melagcolikteron boulmhn kkaqrai cumn, note d skammwnaj e pikrcolon. e d flegmatikteron
pikraten plabon, odn mixa. toj gr toiotouj, ka
mlista k tj kefalj, di tj kolokunqdoj er kaqarein pfuken ma t ka llouj tinj cumoj dhlonti,
kn m proslbV skammwnaj llebrou mlanoj piqmou, ka t di tj lhj d kataptia t ka tj skammwnaj ka tj kolokunqdoj conta, crhsimtera kaqarein
pfuke toj otw diakeimnouj.

692

... kaqarei d mn mla tn melagcolikn cumn, mllon di t ktw gatr, d leuk tn nw gatra mllon
keno di' mtwn, to pace ka glcrou cumo kkaqarwn, kine
d ka tn ktw.
693

n d lgon ston llebrJ mxaj xwqen kklJ sperhj, ok dikhqsetai p rnwn

t speirmena.

403

 (1875)
.
.

,
.
.

, .
.
,
, , , ,
, , ,
. H. niger L.
(. ).


(.. Majno, 1975694) .

, , ,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
.

(BJAB), (Reh,
Nalm6, Sup-B15) (Mel-HO) (Jesse et al., 2008). MCS-18
H. purpurascens Waldst. & Kit.
,

(Horstmann et al., 2007).

Na-K-ATPase
(Leonard, 2004).

694

O Guido Majno ,
, .

, .. , , 1.409:
oda gr, ti tn atrn o palaiteroi p tn leukn llboron
trecon, nka mhdn xilogon p tn llwn kaqarswn qeroun t
pqoj meiomenon, ll' gwge to llebrou leuko protim tn to
'Armeniako lqou dsin. ka presti t perv gnnai tn crmenon at,
pj met to drastiko ka t lupon ka kndunon cei, n odn
smen tn leukn llboron cein.

404


.
3 , , .
().
, , , ,
, , ,
, , .
.

405


Euphorbia spp.
: Euphorbiaceae
:
: , ,
,
: , ,
, , , ,
: milkwort, spurge
: euphorbie, tithymale
: Wolfsmilch
:
: ,
:
: ,
: &

: - (E. peplis, E. chamaesyce, E. acantothamnus, E.
dendroides, E. myrsinites, E. aleppica), - (E. cyparissias, E. peplus,
E. apios, E. characias), - (E. lathyris)
: ,

: (),

: 1,2 gr 3,4 gr 10,2 gr , 0,32
1 gr
: Ze Qi ( E. helioscopia L.), Xu Sui Zi (
E. lathyris L.), Gan Sui ( E. kansui Liou)
: : , (),
,
,

2.160 , Euphorbia
.
,
( ,
9.11.7695, 9.15.6) .
695

Tn d tiqumllwn mn parlioj kalomenoj kkkinon fllon cei periferj, kauln d

ka t lon mgeqoj j spiqamj tn d karpn
leukn. mtai d tan rti perkzV staful,
ka xhranqej karpj ddotai pnein trifqej
son trton mroj xubfou.

406

 12 , 7 (4.164696):
, , , , ,
, (,
4.165697), (, 4.166698), (, 4.167699), (, 4.168700)
`O d' rrhn kalomenoj t mn fllon laidej cei, t d lon mgeqoj phcuaon. toton
pzousin ma trught ka qerapesantej otwj
j de crntai kaqarei d ktw mllon.
`O d murtthj kalomenoj tiqmalloj leukj
t mn fllon cei kaqper mrrinoj, pln
kanqdej p' krou klmata d' fhsin p
tn gn j spiqamiaa, tata d' oc ma frei
tn karpn ll par' toj, t mn nn t d' ej
nwta, pefukta p tj atj zhj. file d
rein cwra. d karpj ato kaletai
kruon. msi d' tan drnwntai a kriqa ka
xhranontej ka pokaqarontej atn tn karpn plnantej n dati ka plin xhrnantej
didasi pien summignntej do mrh tj melanhj
mkwnoj, t d sunamfteron son xbafon
kaqarei d flgma ktw n d t kruon at
didsi, tryantej n onJ gluke didasin n
shsmJ pefrugmnJ katatragen. tata mn
on toj te flloij ka toj poj ka toj karpoj crsima.
696

tiqumllou edh pt, n mn rrhn carakaj

kaletai, p d tinwn komthj mugdalthj kwbij nomzetai d tij qluj mursinthj, n ka karuthn kalosin
d parlioj, n nioi tiqumallda klesan d tij lioskpioj, d kuparissaj, d dendrdhj, d platfulloj.
to d carakou kaloumnou es kaulo mn pr pcun,
nereuqej, po drimoj ka leuko mesto, flla d per
taj bdoij moia lav, makrtera d ka stentera, za
dr ka xuldhj p' krwn d tn kauln kmh scoinoeidn
abdwn, ka p' atn pkoila, moia puelsin, n oj karpj. fetai d n tracsi ka reinoj tpoij.
697

pitousa o d klma, o d krambon, o d parlion, o d Kanwpikn kalosin. edei <o> doke diafrein to
kuparissou tiqumllou, qen ka edoj ato katariqmetai
nhsi d kauln pcewj mezona, polugnaton, fullaroij xsi
ka leptoj kateilhmmnon, mfersi toj tj ptuoj, nqh
mikr, se porfur karpn d platn j fakn, zan leukn, pacean, po mestn ersketai d kat tpouj sfdra
emegqhj qmnoj.
698

laqurj katariqmonta tinej ka tathn n toj

tiqumlloij. kauln d nhsi pcewj t yoj, kenn, pcoj
daktlou, p' krou d ato masclai flla d t mn p
to kaulo pimkh, moia toj tj mugdalj, plattera d
ka leitera, t d p' krwn tn klwnwn mikrtera sper
tj pimkouj ristoloceaj kisso. karpn d cei p' krwn
tn kldwn trcwron, perifer, sper kpparin, n tra
spermtia dieirgmena ltroij p' lllwn, perifer, mezona rbwn, lepisqnta d leuk ka gluka n t gesei
za lept, crhstoj. loj d qmnoj po mestj sper

407

 (, 4.169701).
Linnaeus .
( , 1914):

( Linnaeus)

E. apios L.

E. apios L.

E. lathyris L.
E. peplis L.
E. chamaesyce L.

E. cyparissias L.

E. lathyris L.
E. peplis L.
E. chamaesyce L.
E. acanthothamnus
Heldr. & Sart. ex
Boiss.
E. cyparissias L.

E. myrsinites L.

E. myrsinites L.

E. peplus L.

E. spinosa L.

E. peplus L.

E. paralias L.

E. paralias L.

E. gerardiana Jacq.

E. seguierana Neck.

E. dendroides L.

E. dendroides L.

E. helioscopia L.

E. helioscopia L.

E. platyphyllos L.

E. platyphyllos L.

E. sibthorpii Boiss.

E. charakias L.

pploj o d sukn, o d mkwna frdh kalosi.

qamnskoj stn po leuko mestj, cwn fllon mikrn,
moion phgnJ, platteron d d smpasa kmh j spiqamj, periferj, kkecumnh p gj, ka p toj flloij karpj mikrj, stroggloj, ttwn tj leukj mkwnoj.
polkarpoj d pa, zan cousa man crhston, f' j loj
qmnoj pfuke. genntai d n kpoij ka mpelsi. sungetai d n puramht xhrainmenoj n ski ka sunecj strefmenoj kopej d karpj ka pobracej potqetai.
peplj o d ndrcnhn gran, `Ippokrthj (VII
184 L.) d pplion kale fetai mlista n paraqalassoij
tpoij qmnoj mfilafj, po mestj leuko, flla cwn
moia t khpav ndrcnV, perifer d ka k tn ktwqen
nereuq ka karpj d stroggloj, poktw tn fllwn
sper to pplou, purdhj t gesei, za lept, ma, crhstoj. sullgetai d ka potqetai ka ddotai sper pploj
ka tariceetai.
dnamin d cei tn atn.
camaiskh, o d sukn klnaj nhsi tetradaktlouj, p gj rrimmnouj periferj, po mestoj, flla
fakoeid, t pplJ moia, mikr, lept, prj t g karpj
d p toj flloij stroggloj, j pplou ote d nqoj
ote kauln cei, zan d leptn, crhston.

408

()

699

701

(),
,

()

tiqmalloj.

700

E. aleppica L.

E. aleppica L.

E. helioscopia,

.
, , , ,
(Zhang & Guo, 2006).

, .
,
.
.

. resiniferatoxin 10.000
100.000 (capsaicin)
.
.
(, .). (.. )
,
.

.
(38702)
7 .
( , Euphorbia peplis L.)

( , 7.29703).
702

Koilhn kkopro j scdaj po to tiqumllou pstaze ptkij j ksthn, eta j kainn ggoj sunqej tamieesqai ddou pr tn sitwn.
703

... Agei d mlaj mn kallw ka krisimtera peplou, pplion

d mlanoj mllon fuswn katahktikn stin mfw
d tata dnhn paei paei d ka lla poll tn phltwn
krtista d tata n g oda stn. 'Epe ka t n tosi ofmasi didmena plata rgei, ksa m gan stn hda di pikrthta di' llhn tin hdhn, di plqoj
croin poyhn tin.

. .
, .
.
,
,
,
.

409

 ,
. ,
.
( , 3.9704),
( , ,
32.175 , 74.67705), (
, , 33.47), (
, 32).
( , 38.7).
(
Hyla euphorbiae, Sphingidae706),
, ,
( , 28707).
704

Epeita qnion bssinon

tiqumllou p to meglou desaj, katapsswn nqoj calko
ptn tetrimmnon, stroblhn poisaj shn t sriggi t mkoj,
mma diej di' kraj tj stroblhj ka aqij di tj fsiggoj,
ption kataklnaj tn nqrwpon, katoptri katidn t diabebrwmnon to rco, tatV tn fsigga dienai
,
, , ,

.

705
... Qsson katasp ka mandragrou
za, kanqarj, rpuloj, dfnhj karpj, mron rinon, dfninon
tiqumlou tn pn msgein, ka nakinein, ka tn xn fairein,
ka didnai son robon, ka prosqetn poisai riston e d
plon oi, onJ proskluzsqw. H pto calko kdiej, cliern
nalambnein erJ, ka prostiqnai.
: , , , , ,
, , .
.
,
.
706
.
,
.
, (phorbol esters),
(Hundsdrfer et al., 2005).
707
tini n mtrh mpuoj gnhtai met tkon k
diafqorj llwj pwj, ka m n tecei trJ ka citni t pon
sper p fmatoj , xumfrei tatV mlhn paleiptrda kaqinai
j t stma tj mtrhj sson gr desetai klsioj, e cwrseie
prj tn mlhn peita kmpaj tj p tj tiqumaldoj
xullxaj, a d kntra cousin, atj potmnein suc, kwj
n forb m kru peita xhranein atj n lJ ka trbein
ka toj sklhkaj d toj koprnouj satwj xhranein n t lJ,
peita trbein ka tj mn kmphj do boloj staqm aginaouj,
tn d skwlkwn diplsion, ka nnsou lgon paramxai, tn
toioutotrpwn tinj kakdej gr gnetai tata d tryaj lea, dej
onJ leuk edei ka pn pV, broj pignetai ka nrkh mpptei
n t gastr n on pignhtai, melkrhton pipintw lgon.
.
, ,

410

 ( , 4.164708)
, ,
2 ( 1,2 gr)
, .
, .
. ( )
3-4 ,
.
.
, ,

, , .
.
, .
(Euphorbia tithymalis L.),
, . .
( , Lumbricus spp. .),
. 2 (2,10 gr)
(4,20 gr). (Pimpinella anisum L.) ,
.
. .
, .
708
dnamin d cei pj kaqartikn tj ktw koilaj, gwn
flgma ka coln, boln duen plqoj lambanmenoj met'
xukrtou, sn melikrtJ d ka meton kine. pzetai d
per tn trughtn sunacqeisn tn bdwn ka potmhqeisn
gkeklsqai d atj de ej ggeon. nioi d rbinon leuron meignntej sunanaplssousin robiaa megqh, tinj d
ej t xhrainmena ska postzousi stalagmoj trej tssaraj ka xhrnantej potqentai kaq' autn d tribmenoj
n quv naplssetai ka potqetai. n d t pzein o
de kat' nemon stasqai od tj ceraj prosgein toj
fqalmoj, ll ka pr to pzein t sma de crein stati
laJ met' onou, mlista d prswpon ka sceon ka trchlon. tracnei d ka tn frugga, qen de t kataptia
periplttein khr mliti fq ka otwj didnai scdej
mntoi do trej lambanmenai atrkeij es prj kqarsin.
yilo d ka trcaj pj prsfatoj picrisqej met' laou
n lJ, ka tj piginomnaj d xanqj ka leptj poie
ka tloj kfrei psaj. ntqetai d ka toj brmasi tn
dntwn koufzwn t lgmata khr d de toj dntaj perifrttein, na m pararruej kaksV tn <frugga tn>
glssan. arei d ka murmhkaj ka krocordnaj ka qmouj
ka leicnaj picrimenoj rmzei ka prj ptergia ka nqrakaj, fagedanaj, gaggranaj, sriggaj. ka karpj d
fqinoprJ sullegej ka xhranqej n lJ kopej te kofwj
ka pobrasqej kaqarj potqetai ka t flla mowj xhr.
poie d karpj ka t flla t at t p plqoj msouj xubfou potizmena nioi d ka tariceousin at,
meignntej t di to glaktoj lepidJ ka tur kopt. ka
za d pipasqesa dracm ma dromliti ka poqesa
gei kat koilan yhqesa d sn xei ka diakluzomnh
gomfalgaij bohqe.

411

 ()
. 1-2
.
. .
.
-
.
, , .
, , ,
. ,
, .
. ,
, (33,75 ml).
,
. (
3,4 gr) .

. (709)
(, , ),
. (710) .
, .
(711).
709

d qluj, n nioi mursinthn karuthn klesan,

prosemferj dafnoeide, leukj tn fsin, ka t flla moia
cei mursnV, mezw d ka stere, p' krou xa ka kanqdh klmata d p tj zhj j spiqamiaa fhsi, tn
d karpn frei par' niautn karJ moion, suc dknonta
tn glttan n tracsi cwroij ka otoj fetai.
dnamin d cei pj ka za ka karpj ka t
flla moan t pr ato metikteroj mntoi kenoj totou stn.
710

d parlioj legmenoj tiqmalloj, n nioi tiqumallda mkwna klesan fetai mn n paraqalattoij

tpoij klnaj d cei spiqamiaouj, rqoj, perqrouj,
pnte x p tj <atj> zhj, per oj t flla stoichdn
mikr, pstena, promkh, oikta lnJ kefaln d p' krJ
puknn, perifer, n karpj j roboj, poikloj, nqh
leuk. loj d qmnoj ka za po leuko pollo mest
ka totou d crsij ka pqesij moa st toj proeirhmnoij.

711

d lioskpioj legmenoj ndrcnV moia flla cei,

lepttera d ka periferstera, klnaj d fhsin p tj
zhj spiqamiaouj, tssaraj pnte, leptoj, ruqroj, po
leuko pollo mestoj kefal d nhqoeidj ka karpj
d sper n flloij sumperifretai d totou kmh t
to lou klsei, qen ka nmastai lioskpioj n reipoij mlista ka per tj pleij fetai. sullgetai d
pj ka karpj sper ka tn llwn, dnamin cwn tn
atn, ll' oc otwj pitetamnhn.
d kuparissaj kauln mn nhsi spiqamiaon ka
mezona, pruqron, x o beblsthke t flla toj tj ptuoj moia, trufertera mntoi ka lepttera, ka kaqlou
oike ptu rtifue, qen ka nmastai. peplrwtai d ka

412


(712). ,
.
( ).
.
( , 4.165) ,
2 ( 6,8 gr) , ( 3,4 gr)
, , ,
, 3 ( 10,2 gr).
(, 4.166713) . 7-8
. ,
.
. .
(, 4.167714 4.168) ,
1 (67,5 ml) 1 (270 ml)
. .
. , (, 4.169715)
.
. ,
() ().
( ).
.
, (), (),
().
otoj po leuko. dnamin d cei moan toj pr ato.
712

d n taj ptraij fumenoj, dendroeidj d

kalomenoj, mfilafj nwqen ka polkomoj, po mestj,
pruqroj toj kldouj, per oj t flla mursnV lept
proseoikta karpj d moioj t to carakou. paraplhswj
d ka otoj potqetai ka nerge mowj toj proeirhmnoij.
713

dnamin d cei kaqartikn koilaj t sprmata son pt

kt tn riqmn lambanmena n katapotJ sqimena
ka pinmena datoj pirrofoumnou yucro gei d flgma,
coln, dwr. ka pj d nalhmfqej sper to tiqumllou t at poie sunyetai d ka rniqi lacnoij t flla
prj tn atn nrgeian.
714

gei d flgma ka coln xubfou plqoj met dromlitoj kotlhj pinmenoj ka prosoymasi d meignmenoj tarssei koilan. tariceetai d ej lmaaj.

715

dnamin d cousin o klnej, leanqntej sn onJ, tj

per mtran dnaj paein nt pesso prosteqntej, kataplassmenoi d odmata ka krocordnaj ka murmhkaj
arousin, fqo d sqimenoi koilan klousi. ka x atn
d pj t at dr, ka katacrimenoj skorpioplktoij bohqe.
rmzei d ka prj mbluwpaj ka clj ka rcomnaj pocseij, olj, neflia sn mliti gcrimenoj. fetai n petrdesi ka acmhroj tpoij.

413


, . (
, 12.141.7716)
, .
, , .
. .
( )

. , ,
, ,
.
,
. :
, , ,
( ), , .
. (, 12.56717)
716

[z. Per tiqumllwn.] Tiqmalloi pntej pikratosan mn cousi tn drimean ka qermn dnamin. prcei
d' atoj ka pikrthj. scurtatoj mn on atj pj,
fexj d te karpj ka t flla. metcei d ka za
tn erhmnwn dunmewn, ll' ok pshj. at mn on
yomnh sn xei t tn dntwn lgmata ka mlisq'
sa bebrwmnoij atoj gnetai qerapeei. o d po sfodrotran contej dnamin ej mn t trma tn dntwn
ntqentai tn d' llwn to smatoj e yainto morwn
eqj pikaous te ka lkousi, diper xwqen atoj periplssetai khrj. es gr k tj tetrthj txewj tn qermainntwn, n d tn kaustikn famen prcein. otwj
d ka tj trcaj faire pericrimenoj pj. pe d
sfodrterj stin, laJ mgnutai ka e pollkij
toto gnoito, telwj a zai tn tricn plluntai kauqesai ka yiln atn ggnetai t sma. kat d tn
atn dnamin krocordnaj ka murmhkaj ka ptergia ka
qmouj fairosin. poptousi d ka leicnaj ka yraj, ti ka tj uptikj atoj mtesti dunmewj di tn
pikrthta ka t fagedainik te tn lkn ka t nqrakdh ka t gaggraindh, diti qermanous te sfodrj
ka ptousin, felen pefkasin, n tij n kair ka mtrJ crmenoj atoj tcV. ka gr on ka surggwn toj
tlouj kat tn atn dnamin xarousin. panta d tata
kat gnoj mn mowj, sqensteron d ka t flla ka
karpj rgzesqai pefkasin. oj d ka prj toj n
toj stasmoij dasin cqaj eqasi crsqai. tcista gr
p' atn skotwqntej te ka mqnhtoi genmenoi, prj tn
pifneian nafrontai to datoj. pt d ntwn atn
scurtatoj mn te carakaj nomazmenoj, n d ka
ena prosagoreousin nioi ka qluj mursinthj
kalomenoj ka n taj ptraij dendroeidj. fexj d
te t flmJ proseoikj ka kuparissaj, eq' otwj
parlioj, eta lioskpoj. kat nalogan d tj erhmnhj atn dunmewj tfra ka p' atj kona.
717

[b. Per laqurdoj.] Laqurj. ka tathn tinj edoj

414

 . (, 12.96718) (,
12.97719) , (,
12.103720) .

, , , ,
, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
8 (3 ).
(20
1-2 ) ( 24 ) ( & , 1948).
. E. apios
( ).
.
.

(, , 15 1938, . 41,
. & , 1948).
( & , 1948):
1. : 6-12 .
2. : , .
3. : 0,32 1 gr (5-16 grains), ,
.
4. :
tiqumllou fasn, ti te paraplhswj kenoij pn cei
ka ti kaqarei tn atn kenoij trpon, moa te tn
lhn dnamin kenoij st, pln son t sprma gluk
geuomnoij fanetai, d ka mlista tn kaqartikn cei
dnamin.
718

[q. Per pplou.] Pploj, nioi d mkwna frdh.

ka otoj qamnskoj pn cei paraplhswj toj tiqumlloij, t te llV ka ti kaqarei, kaqper kenoi.
719

[i. Per peplou.] Pplion. pn cei ka otoj

qamnskoj, sper ka o tiqmalloi, ka fetai t poll
par t qalttV, tn mn zan crhston cwn
sper ka pploj. pn d scurn, o pnu ti crsimon od' atn, ll t ge sprma crsimon ka fusdej
mowj t to pplou sprmati kaqaron.

720

[kd. Per pituoshj.] Pituosa. ka tathn tinj

edoj enai tiqumllou nomzousin, ti tn pn cei kaqper kenoi ka ti kaqarei paraplhswj kenoij ka t
lla pnta kat tn dnamin oiken atoj.

415

5.
6.
7.
8.

a. (mixtura): 116,64 gr (30 drachms),

31,1 gr (8 drachms),
8-12 . 2 .
b. 8-12 , 3,89 gr (1 drachm),
(Althaea officinalis L.) 116,64 gr (30
drachms).
: 8-15 ,
(magnesia calcinata), 5 .
: 11,66 gr (3 drachms), 5,83 gr (1,5
drachms), 2,07 gr (32 grains), 30 .
: 1 gr, (Mercurialis
annua L., Euphorbiaceae) 150 gr 5 gr.
: 9,72 gr (2,5 drachms) ,
1 lt . 2 ,
2 1 .
.

E. lathyris L.
.
E. peplus L.
() (Grieve, 1931).

Euphorbia, Ze Qi ( E. helioscopia L.).
, .
, .
(Bensky et al., 1993):
1. , .

.
2. .
( ).
3. , . ,
, . .
3-15 gr ,
.
.
Gan Sui ( E. kansui Liou) ,
.
, . ,
. (Bensky et al., 1993):
1. ,
.
, .
.

416

2. .
, ,
-.
, .

. .
1,5-3 gr 0,3-1 gr .
.
.
Xu Sui Zi ( E. lathyris L.721)
,
. .
, ,
. ,
, , , , ,
. 1,5-5 gr
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
20% E. helioscopia

(Bensky et al., 1993). E.
peplus, 3-ingenyl angelate
( )
(Ogbourne et al., 2004).

,
, .
,
( )
. . ,
, .

721

Kaibao Bencao, Mai Zhi, Sung

(973 ..).

417


Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.
: Cucurbitaceae
:
: , , ,
,
:
, , , ,
, (.),

: squirting cucumber,
exploding cucumber, donkeys green
: Concombre d'ne,
momordique
: Spritzgurke, Eselsgurke
: []
:
:
:
: , , ,
,
( )
( , ),
, , ,
,
,
( ),
, ,
: -
: -
: - ()
: (0,72 gr) ,
1:10 , (1,08 gr) (14,25 ml)
( ), 20-150 mgr
(, 2-3 ), 3 mgr ( 3 ,
)
:
:
,
()

418


,
,
( 722).
(. , 1914).

(Cucumis sativus L.), .
.
( , 1.13723)
(Cucumis melo L.),
(Cucurbita lagenaria L.).
( )
,
( , 4.150724).
.
( , 12.122.7 .),
( , 12..19 .), (
, 7.3.5.37 .) .

( , 2.149.35725).

(6 . .).

.

( ).

, .
,
(Barceloux, 2008).
, ,
Morries 1831.
722

. .. ( , 67.15).
latria koinj t tn ktw koilan kaqaronta frmaka.
723
n d toj lacanhroj te skuoj ka koloknth ka sika
724

skuj grioj, n frombrn tinej kalosi, t karp mnon diafrei to mrou, lssona poll ka balnoij
pimkesin oikta cwn, t d flla ka t klmata t
mrJ moia, zan leukn, meglhn. fetai n okopdoij ka
mmdesi tpoij loj d qmnoj pikrj.
725

latrion d stin pj cilj silfou.

419

 : - (60%) -.
. Berg
( & , 1948).
(cucurbitacin) ,
,
(cucurbitane).
[Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.].
(Yesilada et al., 1988
Yesilada et al., 1997).
. (
, ) ,

(Eken et al., 2008).
,
.
X
()
(, 77726),
(, 74727 , 109728), (,
6.5.15729, , 32730, 33731, 38, 95732 97733)
726

Eteron kutkion to sikou to grou, stij

n dh leukj , tn karpn mplsaj khr, eta erJ nelxaj
foinikJ, perayon per tn sfn.
727

'Epimnia kataspsai lathrou do psiaj, xummsgetai d

ka star oj p tn nefrn, son t latrion, m diaqrptesqai,
poiein d do prosqet melnqion t k tn purn tryaj dati
728

'Elathrou boln ka smrnhj boln tryaj, ka mliti j eron nelxaj, prostqei.

1 1 , , .
729
Gun, ax, latrion skuon grion bebrwkuai,
ka paidoisi kqarsij. 'EnqrmJ brwqn, swqen yxij,
xwqen pnoj, lJ, pur, sqti, rV qerin t d nantJ j
nantwj. Brmata t mn tacwj kratetai, t d bradwj.
730

'Ekblion batrcion ka lathrou mikrn mxaj n xei ekraton psai.

(Ranunculus spp.), , .
Eteron lathrou psiaj tssaraj, xummsgwn star cneion ka ageion
ka msu, blanon poiwn, prostqei n t kei.
4 , , ( ).
.
Eteron skou palaio t pon xsaj, ka xummxaj psiaj lathrou do ka ntrou
son
t latrion, mliti desaj, prostqei.
,
. .
731
Eteron latrion son do psiaj dati diej, klsai.
.

420

 ( , 78734).
(, 7.1.118)
(, 157).
,
( ).
2-3 , (, 2.6.22735).

(, 5.1.7736), ,
(, 5.1.18737),
732

'Ekblion mbrou ka strwn sikou grou tn pn,

son psin, j mzan mpsasan prosqenai, pronhstesasan p
do mraj. Stafdoj grhj son do dracmdaj diej melikrtJ
donai pien.
,
.
733
'Elatrion j do psiaj ka khron n onJ n qonJ prostqei.
, .
734
H lathrou boln ka smrnhj tryaj n mliti, j erion neilxaj, prostiqsqw.
, .
735
'Ap gastrj taracj p bhcj karknou genomnou, t stma pikranetai
didnai d pnein latrion dj trj, n m yilj piden
de calko nqoj, kasaj wj n pun , ka spogghn, n
m yilj .
736

Eplemoj n OneidVsin dunto scurj scon t dexin,

ka tn boubna, ka tn plhson xumboln prj to scou p
to boubnoj, ka to scou t prsqen. TotJ ama fVrqh p
to sfuro poul pnu, ka mlan, ka pac ka frmakon pien
latrion, ka kaqrqh poull ka hwn mn ti gneto A
d dnai ok xlipon, ll' mpuon sce t te scon, ka tn kocnhn, ka t mf tn boubna, per dunto ka p plon t d
pon gneto prj t ston mllon, prj t tj sarkj kat
bqoj ka lelqei crnon otwj cwn, wj pnu sqenj gneto. Epeita kaqh scraj pnu pollj, ka meglai gnonto
ka plhsai lllwn, ka pon h poul ka pac ka qanen
lgVsin mrVsi met tata, ka p megqeoj tn lkwn ka plqeoj, ka sqenehj to smatoj. Otoj dkeen n, e tmqh eroon
mhn tomn, ka prj tmon feto t pon, ka, e prosdei tomj
trhj, tamen eroon, tata paqn n t rV dkeen n gij gensqai.

737

Gun 'Antimcou, n LarssV, kusketo mraj se

pentkonta, ka siteto tn llon crnon, ka mraj pt tj
straj [ka] dunto tn kardhn, ka puretj pelmbanen. Oc
pekecwrkei to crnou totou tatV dqh latrion katpoton
scurteron to dontoj, ka pmese coln xugkekaumnhn p te
tj sithj ka to pureto (ka gr od pot crto oden),
lghn d ka pmese biawj ka qrombdea kpeita sto,
ka fei atn, ka dkeen sqenein, ka ok qele pnousa
dwr xemen. Met d toto, dnh scei scur tn ktw koilhn,
lkwto gr p to farmkou, ka creen at met tn
kpron atka faimon xusmatdej ae d plewn gneto ka
sqneia ka sh ka to kaqrmatoj san pnte kotlai. Esth
d koilh, datoj kataceomnou pollo kat tj gastrj llo d
odn dunqh prosdxasqai qane per msaj nktaj. 'Edkee d' n
binai, e dnato pnein t dwr, ka men atka, prn pinai.

421

 (, 5.1.19738)
( , , 5.1.33739, ,
, 5.1.34740, , , 5.1.36741).
(
, 28) (,
190). (
, 26), (, 46).
( , 4.150.1742)
.

.
.
.

738

Oktij Anhsidmou, n LarssV, lkqh koilhn ka t

nteron p colj atomtwj kinhqeshj, ka xecree ka nw
ka ktw col ka ama, ka puretj ecen. TatV dqh sqeneosV latrion sqenj, potn darj ka lgon, ka mes te p'
ato poul, ka ktw plqe plon, ka tj sprhj panlqen.
T d' steraV puretj n, sqenj d d koilh lkwto te ka
ti pecree tat. TrtV d qane delhj, pureto pilabntoj
pnu scuro. Ath dkeen poqanesqai pntwj, kista d' n,
dwr pnousa yucrn, wj metoj ecen pe d ycqh nw
koilh, pokaqarqesa t dati, culn metapiosa yucrn, otw
meteklsqh.
739

`H gun, psfaxen atn, pngeto, ka dqh at steron

poll katpoton latrion, ka xecrhsen at.
740

`O x Ebohj lqn nehnskoj, pol ktw kekaqarmnoj

dialipn, pepaumnoj pressen eta dokwn nw desqai, pien
sqenj, zhn latrion, ka met tn psin tetartaoj qanen,
kkaqarqej odn ll' pnoj ece, ka ok dnato pasasqai
dya.
, ,
(), .
741
`O Ebou nqrwpoj, pin latrion, trej mraj kaqareto, ka qane, tn d cera mpuon ece mcri to gknoj.
742

rmzei d tn fllwn culj nstazmenoj talgaij.

d za kataplasqesa met lftou pn odhma palain
diafore, met htnhj d terebinqnhj piteqesa fmata
ssei, met' xouj d yhqesa ka kataplasqesa podgraj
fele ka scidwn d stin gklusma ka dontalgaj diklusma t fyhma xhr d lea lfoj, lpraj, leicnaj
smcei ka olj melanaj ka splouj toj n prospJ pokaqarei. ka culj d tj zhj plqoj trin miwbolwn
t lciston ka floij d son ttarton xubfou kaqarei
flgma ka coln, ka mlista p drwpikn dca to tn stmacon diken de d tj zhj labnta mlitron met duen
xestn onou, mlista <d> htintou, leanein ka didnai
k totou kuqouj trej <nstesin p mraj trej>, wj n
gkoj kanj sustal.

422

 (), ,
, ().
3 (1,08 gr)
(14,25 ml)
, .
( 162 gr) , 2 (1,094 lt = 1 )
( ) 3 ,
, ,
.

( , 4.150.3743)
743

t d legmenon latrion k to karpo tn sikwn skeuzetai tn trpon toton toj ma t yasqai pophdntaj sikouj klegmenoj potqeso, n man nkta t d
sterav p krathraj kskinon m puknn pqej ka macarion ption rmsaj, tn kmn nw con, lambnwn mfotraij
taj cers kaq' na tn sikwn diarei ka kqlibe t grn
ej tn pokeimnhn krathran, prosepekqlbwn t n at
sarkdej, d ka t kosknJ prospptei, na ka at diekpptV, ka ej parakeimnhn leknhn t kqlibmena tn
sikwn blle swresaj d p to kosknou t teqlimmna
dat te gluke pericaj ka popisaj, tata mn pte, tarxaj d t n t krathrv grn ka perikalyaj qonJ tqei
n lJ ka tan post, pn t pinhcmenon dwr met
to pipgou pcei, t at te poei pollkij, cri o n
katast t fistmenon dwr, per kstraggsaj pimelj,
tn postqmhn baln ej quan, laine ka nplasse trocskouj. nioi d prj t tacwj nikmasqnai t grn
tfran seshsmnhn p gj katastrsantej ka koilnantej
t mson, qnion triplon pitenantej, kat' ato t latrion sn t kmdi picousin, naxhranqn d n quv leanousin, j proerhtai. nioi d nt to datoj qlattan
paracontej plnousin, o d t teleutav plsei melkraton
paracousi.
doke d klliston enai t met to leuko suc nikmon,
leon, kofon, pikrtaton t gesei ka prosacqn lcnJ ekaj t mntoi praszon ka trac ka qolern t yei, gmon
borbrou ka tfraj, bar t sti ka falon nioi d ka
tn culn to sikou meignousin, o d ka mulon prj t
mimsasqai ato t leukn ka kofon. ej mntoi t kaqartik t dietj rmdion cri dka tn d telea dsij
bolj ej, lacsth d miwblion, paidoij d dcalkon pleon
gr doqn kindnouj pifrei. kine d tn nw ka tn ktw
kqarsin, gon flgma ka coln rsth d toj duspnoosin
di' ato kqarsij. e mn on qloij kat koilan kaqarein, diplsion ln paramexaj ka stbewj, son crsai, di'
datoj robiaa kataptia ddou, pirrofetw d cliaro
datoj kaqon na. ej d' meton di' datoj nej pter toj
p tn glttan dicrie tpouj j ti swttw e d dusemj eh, laJ rnJ mrJ diej, klue d koimsqai.
toj d perkaqairomnoij sunecj prosfrein de onlaion
montej gr pokaqstantai. m pauomnwn d tn mtwn,
dwr yucrn ka lfiton ka xkraton ka pran ka sa
dnatai tn stmacon puknsai prosenekton. kine d t

423


.
,
.
.

.
, ,
, .
.
,
. ,
.
.
. ()
. .
,
,
.
.
, ().
, , , ,
, . , , ,
.

.
2 10 .
(0,72 gr), (0,36 gr),
(0,18 gr).
. (),
(), .
.
(),
() ,
.
,
, .
,
. ,
.
, , (), .
.
,
latrion ka mmhna, ka mbrua ktenei n prosqtJ, gcuqn
te met glaktoj ej toj qwnaj kteron kaqarei ka kefalalgaj tj cronouj pallttei, sunagcikoj te dicrisma
praktikn met' laou palaio mlitoj colj tarou.

424

 .
, .

(12.122.7744), ,
. ,
, , .
, .
, .
.
(, 2.230).
(1200) (qiththa alhimar) 2 (Al-Sulami, Imtihan alalibba li-kaffat al-atibba 745, 12).

20 .

, .

, (Grieve,
1931). ,
, , ,
.

( & , 1948),
.
.
19 .,
744

[ie. Per sikou grou.] Sikou grou ka to

karpo culj, n latrion nomzousin, oc kista d ka
tj zhj te ka tn fllwn, pitdeioi tugcnousin ntej ej tj seij. t mn on latrion mmhna prokaletai ka t kuomena diafqerei prostiqmenon, sper ka
t lla t pikr te ma ka leptomer, mlista e ka
qermthtj tinoj metcei, kaqper on ka t latrion.
krwj mn gr sti pikrn, p' lgon d qermn, j k tj
deutraj txewj enai kat qermthta. eqj d t toioton ka diaforhtikj sti dunmewj otw gon at ka
sunagcikoj diacrousin nioi met mlitoj, laou palaio. gaqn d ka toj kterikoj gcemenon met glaktoj taj isn. otw d crmenon ka kefalalgaj tai.
t mn on latrion toioton, d tj zhj culj, sper
ge ka tn fllwn, moioi mn lathrJ tn dnamin,
sqensteroi d. ka at d za paraplhsaj st dunmewj. ka gr ptei ka diafore ka malttei, xhrantikteroj d' atj stin floij.
745

The Experts Examination for All Physicians, ,

Al-Sulami 1200-1208 ( 596-604). 3
(19 .), Bursa (16 .).

425

 1820 (Spalding et al., 1820).

(20-150 mgr, 2-3
) 746 (3 mgr, 3 , ).
( &
, 1948).
3 30 ,
, , (
) (Boericke, 1927).

(3 30:1)
, (Sezik & Yesilada, 1995 Uslu et al., 2006).
, ,
, , , (Sezik et
al., 2001).


.

(71,0% 56,6% ). ,
20% ,
.
TLC,
(cucurbitacin B, HPLC
2,48% ) (Sezik & Yesilada, 1995 Sezik, 1997).

747.


1940 ( ).

. 1960,


.
,
,
. ,
,
,
,
.
746

.
.
747

(1912-2006).

426

 ,
,
.
( ).


, ,
, ,
748, 749.
(
), .
500 ml
(50-55 C) ,
. ,
.
.
(. .
).
,

.

. 42
,
(Kloutsos et al., 2001 Aronson, 2009).
10-20 24-48 (RaikhlinEisenkraft & Bentur, 2000).
, , , ,
, (
, ) (Koussidis et al., 2002).
Quincke ( ) (Plouvier et al., 1981).
13

, , , , ,
(RaikhlinEisenkraft & Bentur, 2000).

(Satar et al., 2001).
, ,
, 5
748

2-3 .

(. . ).
749
,
.
.
80%
(. . ).

427

 4-5
(Vlachos & Kanitsakis, 1994). 6 ,

( , , .)
, ,
(Barceloux, 2008).


.
,
.
1
,
(Mazokopakis et al., 2009). 1958

(Riddle, 1985).
, (cucurbitacin B) -
(Agil et al., 1999).

, ,
.
.

(0,72 gr) .

.
, .
.

,
.
.
,
. (1,08 gr) (14,25 ml)
( ),
.

428

 11:

&

&

429



.
2 :
1. ,
,
(, , , , , ).
: ,
(Angelica archangelica L.), (Levisticum officinale W.D.J.
Koch.), , (Armoracia rusticana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. &
Scherb), , , .
2. ,
(, ). :
(Chelidonium majus L.), (Cnicus benedictus L.),
(Silybum marianum L.), (Centaurium erythraea Rafn.).

:
, , ,
( ).
(
, 11.779.16).
.

430

 &
Pistacia lentiscus L.
: Anacardiaceae
:
: ,
: ,
, , ()
: mastic tree
: pistachier lentisque
: Mastixstrauch
: , 2 -3,
2, 2
:
: ,
,
: , , ,
: ( , ,
, , , ,
, ), (),
, , , , ,
, , ,
: -
:
: - ()
: 5 ml
:
:

Pistacia lentiscus
L., . (
, 19.144.18750)
, .

(.562751). Pistacia
lentiscus L. (, 1909).

750

scnon: o mnon t qamndej futn, ll ka edj ti

skllhj, e m ra ka pshj skllhj tn bolbn.

751

Scnon: tn skllan, n diamasntai o kallwpizmenoi neka to leukon toj dntaj f' o

ka scinzesqai.

431

 , ,
Pistacia lentiscus L.

(372-287 300 .., 9.1.2.12).
,
752,
.
Cesme ,
(Kivcak et al., 2004 Boztok & Cokuysal, 2007).
.
Pistacia lentiscus
, ,
Pistacia
atlantica Desf. (, 1914 -, ).


.
Linnaeus Pistacia, Pistacia
terebinthus, P. vera P. lentiscus. chia ( )
Desfontaine (1804) (nomen
nudum)753. Poiret (1809)
Pistacia lentiscus 754. De Candolle (1825) Pistacia lentiscus
var. Chia755. (1856) Pistacia lentiscus var.
mastichophora, . Flora Aegaea756
(Rechinger, 1943) .

Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia (Meikle, 1954, Yaltirik, 1967 Zohary,
1972). Pistacia
.

(, , , .)
.
,
.
.
.

752

(Heldreich, 1862),
(Pernot, 1856).
(1817 - 1886) (,
1872),
(1848-1917) (, 1914).
753
Pistacia chia Pistacier de Chio. Or. (econ.).
754
Pistacia lentiscus, foliis latioribus, Lentiscus ex Chio.
755
Foliolis ovatis. In ins. Chio. P. Chia DESF. Ex hac elicitur Resina Mastic dicta. An species propria.
756
Pistacia chia Desf.

432

 (, 2000).
.
,
.
.

,
(, 2000).


,
(,
2000).
,
.

(, 2000).
(Pistacia
terebinthus L.) ,
757 (, 2006),

.

. ,
,
:
1. .
2. .
3. .
(
GC-MS)
, (Boelens & Jimenez, 1991), (Amhamdi et al.,
2009), (Papageorgiou et al., 1981 1991), (De Pooter et al.,
1991), (Fleisher & Fleisher, 1992 Barazani et al., 2003)
(Castola et al., 2000). - (-pinene), (-terpinene) terpinene-4-ol
(Douissa et al., 2005 Duru
et al., 2003).
,
(Congiu et al., 2002
Zrira et al., 2003).

757

,
terebinthina ( ).

433



.
( , Gardeli et al., 2008)
(45,068,3%),
(). ,

(588 mg / gr
).
. - (-myrcene)
0,4, 0,3 1,7%, , .
- (-pinene) 17,1, 24,9 9,4% .
, ,
DNA (Random
Amplified Polymorphic DNA RAPD)
(Barazani et al., 2003).
,
.

,
,
.
(GC-MS)
:
1. (28,745,5%):
a. - (13,824,1%)
.
b.

(sesquiterpene
caryophyllene 13,222,4%),
.
2. :
a. - (35,1 49,0%)
.
b. (sabinene) (24,1
45,8%), 4 2 .
c. germacrene D (41,1 45,9%),
.
myrcene, -phellandrene, -terpinene, -terpinene, terpinolene, p-cymene limonene
. - (-pinene)
(myrcene) (Boelens &
Jimenz, 1991). Papageorgiou et al. (1991) -
58,9 70 % .
terpinen-4-ol - (Castola et
al., 2000). , Carmel
- (-terpineol, . Fleisher & Fleisher, 1992)
-3-carene (65%
434

 , . De Pooter et al., 1991).

- (9,4 24,9%),
(limonene 9,0 17,8%), germacrene D (2,7 13,5%), terpinen-4-ol (6,8 10,6%), pcymene (0,5 7,5%), b-pinene (2,0 6,9%), sabinene (1,0 6,7%), c-terpinene (3,1
3,6%) a-terpineol (2,5 4,0%).
d-3-carene, b-bisabolene b-bourbonene (Pooter et al., 1991),
b-pinene, bcaryophyllene b-phellandrene (Congiu et al., 2002).
a-pinene, c-terpinene terpinen- 4-ol (Douissa
et al., 2005).
( 86%) ( 25%) (Scrubis & Markakis,
1975, Papageorgiou et al., 1981, Katsiotis & Oikonomou, 1984, Papageorgiou et al.,
1991 Boelens & Jimenez, 1991). ()
Koutsoudaki et al. (2005)
GC-MS GC-FID (Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector).

. Gardeli et al. (2008)

, , GC-MS.
, ,
- (-tocopherol)
(Kivcak & Aksay, 2005).
( )

. Kivcak et al.
(2004) ,
.
- (0,5%
),
.
Cesme , Baytop
(1984) (Perikos, 1993).
,
(, 2006).
(Boztok & Cokuysal, 2007).
-
,
.
,
,
(Berg et al., 1998).
X

, . (29.3)

435

, (, 33.6),
(Sambucus nigra) (Hypericum spp.)
(Juniperus spp.) (, 104.4758
104.10) 13,6 gr
( ) (,
109.34). (74.23759)
(13,6 gr), (0,85 gr) (0,85 gr).

(, 75.78760), , ,
, , , .
(196.16761).
(, 167.15).
(, 90.34).
(, 92.13),
.
(
).
(, 201.1762), , ,
758

Klusmo mursnhj flla ka dfnhj ka kisso n dati

clier klzein. `Ro flla ka oij glukehj ka btou, n melikrtJ feyn, pocwn, klzein. Tj ktj t flla ka tj
scnou feyn dati, pocaj, krocleron klzein.
(. ).
`Uperikn ka scnon ka kedrdaj n dati feyn, krocleron klzein.

759

... Eteron prosqetn malqakn chnj mueln son kruon, khrn son kamon, htnhj
scinnhj terebinqnhj son kamon, tata txaj n mrJ odnJ p purj
malqako, pohson j khrwtn eta totJ clier nalefein t
stma tj mtrhj, ka tn ktna katabrcein.
: 13,6 gr, 0,85 gr 0,85
gr. .
.
760
... Kuhtrion prosqetn sfdra nastomsai mtrhn
dunmenon, tan memkV ka m dnhtai kusai, ka dwr kkaqrai labn scedida tn mikrn, ka scnon, ka kminon, ka
kpeiron, ka grhn koloknthn, ka ntron ruqrn, ka laj agption, ka scedida tn meglhn, tata pnta lea poisaj, di'
qonou dihqsai labn d mli, yhson p pur malqak peidn d zsV, parmixon khrn, htnhn peita xummxaj pnta,
laion picaj, feln, clinaj, erion gkulwton nelxaj prostqei t mtrV, mcrij n kaqarq
, ,
, :
, , , , , ,
. , ,
. . , ,
.
.
761
... H scnou flla on, mliti kaqfqJ, mxaj prsqej.
(Rhus coriaria), (
) .
762
Otan strh pngV, pnema d sehtai lej nw, ka
broj cV, ka gnmh kataplx, naudh, peryuxij, pnema
prosptaon, mmata maldnhtai, tn kefaln xurn ti tcista,

436

 ., ,
.
( , 8.3).

() (2.52.3.6),
() (, 3.46.1.3) .
, ,
, ( ,
1.70.1763). , ,

. ,
, ,
.
. .
,
.
. .

. .

ka tainV podiwqein, pr mfaln d elein didnai d kastrion ka knuzan ka phgnou dwr, kminon aqiopikn, afnou
sprma, qeon, smrnhn prj d tj naj t kkodma, eodma d j
tj straj n d nchtai, kkkou t ndon t leukn mliti
mxaj, lefein tn na. H scnon triptn, na dknhtai.
, ,
, , , , .

. , , ,
, , .
. , ,
.
.
763
scnoj dndron gnrimon, stuptikn lon ka gr
karpj atj ka t fllon ka floij tn kldwn ka tj
zhj soduname. gnetai d ka clisma k to floio ka
tj zhj ka tn fllwn yomnwn sn dati f' kann, eta
met t yugnai tn fllwn iptomnwn, to datoj d plin
yomnou cri melitdouj sustsewj.
poie d stfon prj amatoj nagwgj ka seij koilaj ka dusenteraj pinmenon, ka prj tj k mtraj amorragaj ka proptseij straj ka daktulou, ka kaqlou
nt kakaj ka pokistdoj nestin at crsqai ka
culj d tn fllwn kqlibntwn t at poie. ka t fyhma d atn katantlomenon t sumplrwta plhro ka
t prwta pwro sta ka tj k mtraj seij stllei
ka tn nomn potreptikn ka orhtikn stin sthsi d
ka seiomnouj dntaj diakluzmenon. t d xulria clwr
nt kalamdwn paratribmena toj dosi smcei totouj.
gnetai d ka k to karpo ato laion stuptikn, rmzon
prj t styewj demena.

437

 (, 1.70.3764),
.
. :
, , ,
, .
.
, .
,
. .

(1.5.1765),
(, 1.50.1),
(, , 1.51.3), (, 1.68.4), (,
1.73.1), (, 1.75.2), (, 1.104.1),
( ) (, 2.30.4) (,
2.31.1766).
(4,6 ml) (, 2.6.1767).
764

genntai d ka htnh x atj, kaloumnh scinnh,

p' nwn d mastch, crhsimeousa prj amatoj nagwgj
ka prj palain bca pinomnh. sti d estmacoj, reuktik megnutai d ka smgmasin dntwn ka picrsmasi
prospou stilbopoiosa, nakoll d ka trcaj n fqalmoj, stmatj te ewdaj paraskeuastik sti diamaswmnh
ka olwn staltik. genntai d kallsth ka plesth n CJ
t nsJ. diafrei d atj lampurzousa ka Turrhnik
khr moa t leukthti, dr ka kapur ka eqrubj, edhj, d clwr ttwn. dolotai d libnJ ka htnV strobilnV meignumnh.

765

ka o poflegmatismo d ok nwfelj p tn cronwj kefalalgontwn paralambnontai. pithdeontai d

diamaswmnwn totwn dafnoeidoj sprmatoj, kapprewj to
k tn pwn karpo, krqmou, kardmou karpo, mastchj,
npuoj, peprewj strogglou ka makro, purqrou ka stafdoj graj met ntrou ka peprewjkaei d <tn> rthran
, nemnhj za, stafj kgegigartismnh met peprewj,
qmon, sswpon, stroqion.
766

bcaj cronouj feletj gr prosftouj

smforn sti farmakeein di' droposaj gr ka okeou
trofj tj di ofmatoj ecerj sti qerapeeincronizosaj d tai tata pinmena
,
()

mastch lea poie katapinomnou to culo,

767

prj d t lgmata to stomcou poie gla gunaikeon beion neion qhlazmenon, pinmenon [] kclaxi sunafeymenon, gentianj a meq' datoj, mastchj
koclirion n kaq' mran pinmenon diamasmenon to culo katapinomnou, dusmou klwnwn trin flla sn xeaj
oj cul katarrofomena, glcwn met' xukrtou.

438

 (
, 12.135768)
, 2 3 .
( ),
(, , , ,
, ).
,
.
, , ,
. 769 (, 12.136770)
, .
, .
, .
.
.
(
, 12.68771) ,

768

[mh. Per scnou.] Scnoj. qmnoj otoj x datdouj osaj trma qermj t dunmei ka gedouj yucrj, o pollj sgkeitai, di' n ka stfei metrwj. xhranei mn on kat tn deutran txin dh sumplhroumnhn, tn trthn rcomnhn. n d t kat qermthta ka
yucrthta diafor msoj pj sti ka smmetroj. moan
d n pasin cei toj auto mresi tn styin, n zaij,
n kldoij, n krmosin, n blastoj, n flloij, ti d
karp te ka floi. ka e culn d' k tn fllwn ato clwrn kqlyaij, moaj mn ka otj sti txewj
stfwn metrwj, qen ka pnetai kaq' autn te ka sn
toj lloij farmkoij, sa dusenteraj te ka koiliakj
diaqseij tai. ka mn d ka prj tj to amatoj ptseij ka tj k mtraj amoagaj ka proptseij draj
te ka straj pitdeij stin ggj ti tj pokustdoj
prcwn.
769

( , .384) (
, 7.3.18.233), .
770
[mq. Per scnou nqouj.] Scnou nqoj qermanei
metrwj ka stfei metrwj ti ka tj leptomeroj fsewj
ok pllaktai. toigrtoi di tata ka orhtikn
sti t frmakon ka katamhnwn gwgn, n puraij te
ka pmasi paralambanmenon. fele d ka tj kaq' par
ka stmacon ka koilan flegmonj. sti d' ato stuptikwtra mn za, t d kalomenon nqoj qermteron. n
pasi d toj moroij ato, toj mn mllon, toj d' tton,
mfaneta ti geumenon styewj, di' n ka prj toj amoptukoj didomnoij mgnutai farmkoij.
771

[st. Per mastchj.] Mastch mn leuk ka Ca

sunqwj nomazomnh snqetj pj stin x nantwn dunmewn stuptikj ka malaktikj. di ka stomcou ka
koilaj ka ntrwn ka patoj flegmonaj rmttei kat

439

 , .
, ,
, 2 .
,
,
.
.
( , .122.1772),
. ,
, .
, .
(, , , .)

.
29 .
,
. .
,
, ,
.
. , ,
, , , .
,
, , , , .
(, 2006). Pistacia
,
(.. Delazar et al., 2004 Pistacia atlantica
var. mutica ).

,
, , ,
tn deutran pstasin qermanousa ka xhranousa. d
mlaina, Agupta prosagoreuomnh, xhranei te mllon
atj ka tton tj stuptikj metcei dunmewj, qen pithdeiotra pj sti prj t tj diaforsewj scurotraj
demena. tatV gon ka tn doqinwn gaqn sti frmakon. t mntoi mastcinon lain te ka mron k mn
tj Caj skeuzousin, k d tj Aguptaj o pnu ti.
paraplhsaj d' st ka at dhlonti t mastcV dunmewj.
772

Matcinon. Ggnetai toto match a n laJ pnu mfakzonti xtJ n mballomnh, yetai d n diplmati. qermn d
ti metrw ka dcroun. keuzetai mn paraplhw t maraknJ, ewdteron d ti mllon, poie d pr t at diaqei.
puknwtikn ka mplatikn progomen on at to deomnoi
tonoqai moroi ka fggeqai ka qermaneqai metrw.
1 (;) (28 gr) 1 (500
ml), ( = , , =
, = , , ,
).

440

 , .

,
.
.
.

.

(Al-Said et al., 1986).
Helicobacter pylori,
(Marone et al., 2001).
, ,
(Loughlin et al., 2003 Bebb et al.,
2003).
(Paraschos et al., 2007).
Streptococcus mutans in vitro in vivo (Aksoy et al., 2006),
Crohn (Kaliora et al., 2007)
(Kim & Neophytou, 2009).

(Loutrari et al., 2006),
( 50%
Balan et al., 2007) (Magkouta et al.,
2009).

(Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli) (Candida
albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Torulopsis glabrata, Cryptococcus neoformans) in
vitro (Iauk et al., 1996).
(Ali-Shtayeh & Abu
Ghdeib, 1999).
(Magiatis et al., 1999).
.

(CCl4),

(bilirubin) ( ).
(Janakat & Al-Merie, 2002). ,
(polymeric procyanidin
fraction) (Sanz et al., 1992).

441



( , ,
, , , ,
, , ).
(), ,
.
, , , , ,
.

442


Origanum vulgare L.
: Origanum viride Hal.

Origanum heracleoticum L.
: O. hirtum Link

Origanum onites L.
: Majorana onites (L.) Benth.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
: Herba Origani
: , ,

: , ,
, (), ()
: oregano, wild marjoram,
European oregano, Greek oregano
: origan, marjolaine
sauvage/batarde, grande marjolaine, thym de
berger
:Dosten, Wilder Majoran, Kostenz, Dorant
: 3,
: ,
: , , , , ,
: , ,
: , (,
, ), Qi , , ,
, ( ,
, , , ,
), -,
(, , ), ,
(, ), , (
, , ),
, ,
( ), , , , ,

: -
:
: - ( )
: 6-15 gr 1 lt ( ), 1-3 ml (3
), 5 gr, 0,5%
: Bei Yin Chen ( Origanum vulgare L.),
Artemisia capillaris Thunb.

443

:
, (15 gr),

.
+ (= , =
).
,
. , , ,
(,
, 3.27773, 3.28774, 3.29775 3.30776 , ,
, 12.91 12.144). Origanum vulgare L.

. Linnaeus,
Origanum heracleoticum L. Origanum onites L.
. Gerard (1636) (wild
marjoram) .
.

Origanum heracleoticum L.

Origanum onites L.

Origanum vulgare L. O. virens

Link & Hoffm. (, 2006)
Satureja spp.
Satureja spp.

, ,
()
, (),
()
,

773

rganoj `Hraklewtik o d konlhn kalosi. fllon cei mferj sspJ, skidion d o trocoeidj, ll'
sper diVrhmnon ka p' krwn tn bdwn t sprma o puknn.

774

d ntij kaloumnh leukotra toj flloij st

ka mllon oikua sspJ, ka t sprma sper kormbouj
sunecej pikeimnouj cei.

775

d griorganoj, n pnakej `Hraklean

konlhn kalosin, n sti ka Nkandroj Kolofnioj (Th.
626 sq.) cei t mn flla rignJ moia, abda d spiqamiaa, lept, f' n skidia moia nqJ nqh d leuk,
za lept, crhstoj.

776

tragorganoj qamnskoj stn rpllJ grJ

oikj t flla ka t klwna dh mntoi ersketa tij
kat tpouj eernestra ka platfulloj, kolldhj kanj
d tij leptkarfoj ka leptfulloj, n ka prsion nioi
kalosin. rsth d Kilkioj ka n K ka n CJ ka
SmrnV ka KrtV.

444

 (2006) O.
virens Links & Hoffm., Satureja spp.

M ( 4%).
16% , 80% ,
(, 1929).
, (Stary, 1991).
X
,
(, 1985).
.

777,
(, 5.1.54778 7.1.76),
( , , 2.26779 .),
(, 2.28780),
777

,
.
.
778
`O rganoj fqalmosi kakn pinmenoj, ka dosin.
779

peita purin atn xei ka ltrJ ka rignJ ka kardmou sprmati,

tryaj lea, kersaj t xoj scoon dati, ka leifa lgon pistxaj, dienai totJ peita j cutrdion gcaj, piqej pqhma,
ka kataskepsaj, trupsaj t pqhma, klamon nqenai kolon
peita piqej p' nqrakaj, nazsai, ka pn di to kalmou
tmj nV, pericskwn lktw sw tn tmda, fulassmenoj m
katakasV tn frugga xwqen d spggouj bptwn j dwr qermn,
prostiqsqw prj tj gnqouj ka t siagnia. 'Anagargriston
d at poiein rganon ka pganon ka qmbran ka slinon ka
mnqhn ka ltron lgon, melkrhton kersaj darj, xoj lgon
pistxai lea tryaj t flla ka t ltron, totJ diej, clinaj, nagargariztw n d t salon schtai, mrtou labn
, , .
, . ,
,
. .
, ,
.
. , (Ruta graveolens),
(Satureja thymbra), (Apium graveolens), .
. ,
, .
780
`Etrh kungch flegmanei topisqen tj glsshj ka t
klqron t p tn brgcon, ka o dnatai katapnein t salon,
od' llo odn n d' nagkasq, di tn inn o ei. Otan
otwj cV, tryaj mnqhn clwrn ka slinon ka rganon ka ltron ka tj ou tj ruqrj, mliti diej, pac poiwn, gcrein

445

 (, 2.47), (, 2.64).
( , 71 ,
74), ( , 109)
(, 51),
( , , 55),
(, 75) .

781,
(Conium maculatum L., Apiaceae), (Papaver somniferum L.,
Papaveraceae) ,
, . ,
, , , , ,
. ,
, ( , 3.27782
tn glssan swqen n odV
( ):
. , .
. ,
( , Mentha spp.), , , (Rhus coriaria),

.
781
, .. (Cervus
elaphus) . (
, 611b.21 612a.25).
782
st d qermantik, qen t fyhma atj sn onJ
poqn rmzei qhriodktoij, sn gluke d ka konv toj
kneion mhknion, sn xumliti d toj gyon fmeron
pepwksi, prj d t spsmata ka gmata ka drwpaj
met sukou bibrwskomnh. xhr d poqesa xubfou plqoj sn melikrtJ mlana kat koilan gei, mmhn te kine
ka bcaj qerapeei sn mliti kleicomnh ka knhsmoj d
ka yran ka kteron t fyhma atj n loutr fele.
d culj atj clwrj oshj parsqmia ka kiondaj ka
fqaj qerapeei ka <ama> di inn gei sn laJ rnJ gcumatizmenoj sn glakti d ka talgaj parhgore metikn
te frmakon di' atj skeuzetai ka kromwn ka oj to
p t ya, pntwn n calk KuprJ n toj p kna kamasin liasqntwn p mraj tessarkonta postrwnnumnh d pa rpet dikei.
,
, (),
() (Colchicum sp.).
, .
1 (67,5 ml) ,
.
, . ,
,
. .
, 40
, . .

,
.
.

446

 3. 28783).
(, 3.29784). (, 3.30785) ,
, , ,
, , , .

, , 3
( , 12.91786)
.
( , .302787),
, . (
, , 1.43). Gerard (The Herbal, 99)
Origanum vulgare L. (english wilde marjerome)
788 (marjoram of candy, bastard marjerome of candy
Origanum Hispanicun, Spanish Organy), N.
1597,
.

783

dnatai d t at t `Hraklewtik, oc otwj mntoi

drastik kaqsthken.
, .
784
dwj d bohqe qhriodktoij t flla ka t nqh sn onJ pinmena.
785

qermantika d psai ka orhtika ka ekolioi pinomnou to feymatoj pobibzousi gr t coldh eqetoi

ka splhnikoj potizmenai met' xouj ka toj xan pepwksi met' onou ka mmhna d gousi, bhx te ka peripneumonaij sn mliti n kleikt ddotai. sti d t pthma
pieikj, qen toj sdesi ka kakostomcoij ka xuregmisi
ddotai ka f' n lusij ka nauta ka qrmh pocondrwn
parakolouqe. diafore d ka odmata kataplasqesa met'
lftwn.
, , , ,
. ,
.
. ,
, ,
.
().
786
[ig. Per rignou.] 'Organoj mn `Hraklewtik
drastikwtra tj ntidoj, mfon d gra, n pnakej
`Hrkleion, o d konlhn kalosin. pasai d tmhtikj te
ka leptuntikj ka qermantikj esi dunmewj kat
tn trthn pstasin cousai tata. d tragorganoj
nomazomnh proselhf ti ka styewj.
787

'Organon. Tath t pa trittn t edo tmhtik d ei

ka leptuntik ka xhrantik ka qermantik dunmew kat tn
trthn ptain couai tata. d tragorgano proelhf ti
ka tyew.
788

Origanum creticum Woodward, (Origanum majorana L.),

, (Thymbra capitata) Origanum
compactum Bentham, (Tutin et al., 1964-1976).

447

 , , ,
789, , , , , ,
, , (Schauenberg & Paris,
1981, , 1985 Stary, 1998). ,
-, (8-15 gr 1 lt )
, .
,
.
(Stary, 1998).
O (1977)
.
, , ,
(, 1985).

(, 1985).
T ,
, .
, ,
.
(, 1929).

, .
(Holmes, 1997):
1. Qi , .
, :
a. Qi ( , , ):
.
b. / (,
, , ): ,
, , .
2. , - :
a. - ( , ,
): , .
3. ( ),
:
a. - , (,
, , , ):
, , .
4. , :
a. ( ,
): .
5. , : ,
( , , ,
, , ,
789

O (Picci, 1980).

448

, ), ,
, ( ),
, , , , .

.
Mattioli (1565) , (Artemisia vulgaris),
(Matricaria chamomila) (Mentha arvensis)
.
,
, , ,
, Qi
- .
, ,

- - (
).
,
( )
.
(1-3 ml, 3 )
(6-8 gr ).
.
, .
, 0,5%,
. ,
,
.
.
.
Bei Yin Chen (
Origanum vulgare L.) Yin Chen Hao ( Artemisia
capillaris Thunb. A. scoparia Waldst. et Kit.).
, , Qi, .
, , ,
, , .
9 15 gr ( ) (Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
,
(Dorman & Deans, 2000), (Daferera et al., 2000)
(Lamaison et al., 1991 Lagouri & Boskou, 1996).

,
, , , .
449

 Qi , ,
, .
, ,
, , ,
, , .
, - .
,
.
,
.
,
. ,
( , , , ),
, ,
( ), , , ,
, .

450


Origanum dictamnus L.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
:
:
: , ,
(), ,
(),
: Cretan dittany
: dictame de Crte
: Diptam-Dost, Kretischer
Diptam, Kretischer Bergtee, Dittam, Diktam,
Diktamnos
:
: ,
: , , ,
, , ,
: , ,
: , (
, , , ,
), , ,
( , , ),
,
, , ,
, , .
: -
:
: ( ),
( , 92/43/, .. 67/81)
: 1,6 15 gr 500 ml 10 , 15 30 gr
500 ml 25% 1
3 (20-30 gr ), 2
20 30 2 3 (64-96 gr )
:
:
( )

, ,
, , .
. (, 12.411)


,
451

 (. ,
, Bekker 612a790). ( , 3.32)
3 ( , 3.32): (Origanum
dictamnus L.), [Ballota pseudodictamnus (L.) Benth.791]
, 792.
(793).

(0,8% ) 30 (98,28% ,
GLC), (carvacrol, 62,44%),
- (-terpinene, 11,41%), - (p-cymene, 13,49%), -
(-terpinene, 1,88%), - (-caryophyllene, 1,63%), - (pinene, 1,56%), (myrcene, 1,21%), (borneol), terpin-1-en-4-ol
(carvacrol methyl ether) (Harvala et al., 1987
Sivropoulou et al., 1996).
: -, - - -,
, , -, -,
-, - , -
, , , ,
, , .
,
(Revithi-Moraiti et al., 1985).
-, -, - . -
(Lagouri et al., 1996).
, ,
, , ,
- -,
790

Poll d ka tn llwn zwn tn tetrapdwn poie prj boqeian atoj fronmwj, pe ka n KrtV fas tj agaj tj graj, tan toxeuqsi, zhten t dktamnon doke d toto
kblhtikn enai tn toxeumtwn n t smati.

791

, () () (,
1909). Ballota acetabulosa (L.) Benth., Ballota macedonica
Vandas Ballota nigra L. (Tutin et al., 1964-1976).
792
Origanum microphyllum (Benth.) Boiss.,
.
793
RV: dktamnon tktamnon o d beloulkj, o d
'Artemidion, o d Krhtik, o d fmeron, o d 'Idaa, o
d kutkoj, o d dorkdion, o d kblion, `Rwmaoi
ostilgw ostika, tinj d kalosin atn glcwna gran,
o d bation.
RV: yeudodktamnon o d lelsfakon, o d bkion,
proftai kunokefaloeidj, `Rwmaoi slbiam.
RV: dktamnon llo o d fmeron, o d 'Idaa, `Rwmaoi ostilgw.

452

 ,
(, 1972).
(Harvala & Skaltsa, 1986),
, , ,

.

, 794,
, , .
.

.
Thesaurus Linguae Graecae ( ) 214
. 1
( 0,6 gr) ( , 32.26795 32.113
), (, 46.6, 71.20, 1 78.85,
78.129796, , 4.11) 2
(1,14-1,46 gr), (, 77.3797) (, 77.6798
77.19799). (
) (, 233.20800), ,
794

,
, , .
.
795
Toto ka pimnia katasp ka crion xelsei.
Diktmnou krhtiko son boln, n dati pien.
796

Allo mowj diktmnou desmda ka dakou karpo dracmj do, ka

melnqion son, n onJ leuk, tryaj leon, dj pien, ka loson
qerm poll didnai d prj tn scn to nosmatoj.
, : , (8,72-8,8 gr) ( Daucus
carota L.) (Nigella sativa L.), .
.
.
797
'Wkutkion diktmnou son do boloj tryaj n dati qerm pintw.
798

H diktmnou boln, smrnhj boln, nnsou do boloj, ntrou boln tata tryaj
lea, glukoj onou picaj kaqon ka datoj qermo kuqouj do, dj pien, eta loson
qerm.
1 (0,7 gr), 1 (0,7 gr), 2 (1,4 gr), 1
(0,7 gr), 1 ( 45-48 ml) 2
( 90-98 ml).
799
pien d donai gnou karpn ka dktamnon krhtikn son katrou n onJ leuk n
dati
(Vitex agnus-castus, ) , .
800
Per mlhj. Per d mlhj kusioj tde ation pn
poll t pimnia nta gonn lghn ka nosdea xullbwsin,
ote khma qagenj gnetai, te gastr plrhj, sper kuoshj
kinetai d' odn n t gastr, od gla n tosi titqosin ggnetai sfrig d t stqoj at ka do tea, pollkij d ka tra
otwj cei. Ka n mn ma srx gnhtai, gun pllutai o

453

 (
.).
,
( , 9.16.1801).
3 (
, 3.32802). ,
gr oh t sti perigensqai n d polla, gnutai atV kat
t adoon am te pol ka sarkdej ka n mn metrisV, szetai n d m, p ou losa pllutai. T mn nshma toiotn sti krnesqai d cr t plhrmati, ka ti o kinetai n
t gastr t mn gr rsen trmhnon, t d ge qlu tetrmhnon
tn knhsin cei pn on to crnou parelqntoj m kintai, dhlonti tot sti t d ti tekmrion mga, n tosi titqosi gla
ok ggnetai. Tathn mlista mn m sqai e d m, proeipnta sqai. Ka prta mn purisai tn gunaka lon t sma,
peita kat tn drhn klsai pwj diakaqrV poul gr swj
klsaj n kinseie t mbruon t dokon enai t xunesthkj, diaqermanqeshj tj gunaikj p to farmkou. Klzein d ka kat tj
mtraj, kwj ama ggV n d m, prosqtoisi crsqai tosin
p tj bouprstioj j scurottoisi, ka pipskein t dktamnon
t krhtikn n onJ e d m, ka tn kastrion rcin ka pisqen
atj sikhn prosbllein prj toj kenenaj, ka fairein ti
pleston prsballe d ti mlista tekmairmenoj kat tj mtraj.
801

T d dktamnon dion tj Krthj, qaumastn d t dunmei ka prj plew crsimon

mlista d prj toj tkouj tn gunaikn. sti
d t mn fllon parmoion t blhco, cei d
ti ka kat tn culn mferj t d klwna
lepttera. crntai d toj flloij, o toj
klwsn od t karp crsimon d prj poll
mn ka lla, mlista d, sper lcqh, prj
tj dustokaj tn gunaikn gr etoken fasi
poien paein ge toj pnouj mologoumnwj
ddotai d pnein n dati. spnion d sti ka
gr lgoj tpoj frwn, ka toton a agej
knmontai di t filhden. lhqj d fasin
enai ka t per tn beln, ti fagosaij tan
toxeuqsi kbllei. t mn on dktamnon
toiotn te ka toiataj cei tj dunmeij.
802

dktamnon, kalos tinej glcwna gran, o d

bation. pa st Krhtik, drimea lan, moa glcwni, mezw
d ka gnafaloeid t flla cei ka ridh tin pfusin
ote d nqoj ote karpn frei.
poie d' panta, sa ka meroj glcwn, nergestra
d poll o mnon gr pinomnh ll ka prostiqemnh ka
poqumiwmnh t teqnhkta mbrua ktinssei. fas d ka
tj agaj n KrtV, peidn toxeuqsi, nemhqesaj tn pan
kbllein t toxemata.
t d yeudodktamnon kalomenon fetai <mn> n polloj
tpoij, mferj d t pr ato, latton d ka tton drim.
poie d t at t diktmnJ, oc mowj nergon.
fretai d ka p Krthj teron edoj diktmnou, fl-

454

 ( ) , ()
(Mentha pulegium L., , , .
), ,
. , .
. .
, .
(), ,
. , ,
.
.
, .
, .
, ( Mentha sp.),
,
, .
. ,
. .

(, , 1.138.2).
(, 1.159.1803)
1 ( 3,4 gr) (, 2.81.2, 2.83.2)
(, 2.84.1) (, 2.119.3
( , 11.863804)
, .
. (, 11.857805)
, .

loij oikj sisumbrou, klws d mezon, f' n nqoj rignJ grJ oikj, mlan, malakn sm d tn fllwn metax sisumbrou ka lelisfkou, dsth.
poie d prj sa ka pr atj, sson plhktik prcousa megnutai d ka mplstroij qhriakaj.
803

dktamnontoto d fasin n KrtV nemhqesaj p tinwn toxeuqesaj agaj kbllein t

blh,
804

[st. Per diktmnou.] Dktamnon k leptomerestraj

stn osaj kat glcwna. t d' lla paraplsion
at. t d kalomenon yeudodktamnon sqensteron ej
panta to diktmnou.

805

[z. Per glcwnoj.] Glcwn. ka ath pa j

n drime te ka ppikroj osa qermanei te ka leptnei
sfodrj. kann d tekmrion to mn qermanein ti kataplattomnh foinssei, ka e pimnoi, p plon lko
t d leptnein, ti t t' k qrakoj ka pnemonoj gr
paca ka glscra vdwj naptesqai poie ka katamnia protrpei.

455

, .

.

, .
.
, ,
, , ,
( & , 1948 , 1985).
(
, , ),
( & , 1948).
.
, (, 1985).
,
, ,
. ( & , 1948, , 1985).
806,
.
,
. 9 .

,
. .
3,2 30 gr 1.000 ml 10

806

,
.

, .


, , .
, ,
, .
,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
.

!

456

807. ,
(, , , )

.
(.. 1,5 gr). 15 30 gr808
500 ml 25% 1 ,
3 .
( )
.
20 30 gr.
2 20 30 , 2
3 . 20 30 (64 96 gr) ( &
, 1948).
.

.
.

. 2-4 .

, ,
.
(20 ), (, 1969).
(17
).
. To
,
, Dictamnus albus L.809.
,
, 92/43/ ..
67/81.
,
, . H ,
, ,
.
,
.
(, 1997 , 1997).
.
807

.
& (1948) 1/2 5 (1,6 16 gr) 150
(480 gr) . 3,2 32 gr 1.000 ml.
808
2:20-30, 66 - 100 gr 1.000 ml,
1 3 (4,8 9,6 gr) ( & , 1948) 15 20 gr (Ody,
1994).
809
Linnaeus
Dictamnus albus ( burning bush).

457


.
,
(, 1990).
1923
. , ,
. 1928
, .
1935
1940 8.000
(10.240 kg) , .

(, , , , ),
370 125 50
.
,
. 1964 24 .
1956, 1982
, 130 (, 1997).
30
.

. , (, , )

.
1/3
1/2 .
,
, 40-50 kg,
(, , ..) (, 1956).
250 400 kgr / 12
38 . 1.200 2.400 / .
1999 ,
387 kgr./. 5,9 / kgr.
0,5 2 ,
.
, o,
.
0,35%
(9.565,2
), 0,33%
0,02% .
Lamiaceae (, .) (, 2004).

458

 ,
810
Cinzano811.
(Couladis et al., 2003,
, . Lagouri et al., 1996)
in vitro (Sivropoulou et al., 1996, Economakis et al., 2002
Chorianopoulos et al., 2004812), Satureja (..
Satureja thymbra L.) .
Penicillium digitatum
(Daferera et al., 2000).
S-
(Lam & Zweng, 1991).
.

,
. , , ,
).
, ,
,
.
(
, , ), .
,
, , .

810

Fcamp 1510,
Dom Bernardo Vincelli .
. 1863
Alexandre le Grand
Bndictine. 3
. 27 .
811
1757
Giovanni Giacomo Carlo Stefano Cinzano, .
35 ( ,
).
812
Escherichia coli (0157:H7 NCTC 12900), Salmonella enteritidis (PT4), Staphylococcus
aureus (ATCC 6538), Listeria monocytogenes (ScottA) Bacillus cereus (FSS 134).

459

 &
Juniperus spp.
J. communis L.
J. drupacea Labill.
J. oxycedrus L.
J. macrocarpa Sibth. & Sm.
J. phoenicea L.
: Cupressaceae
: Juniperi Fructus
: ( )
: , ,
: juniper
: genvrier
: Wacholder, Kramerstaud, Machandel
:
: , [Ross, 2003: , , ]
: ( )
: , , , , ,
: , , ,
,
:
: 18 24 (J. drupacea)
:
: 30-60 gr 1 lt ( 60-100 gr
) 30 gr 500 ml ( 200 ml 3 ),
15 gr 300 ml ( 100 ml, 3 ), 1:5
45% (1-2 ml, 3 ), 200 gr
, 100 gr 1 lt , 3
200 gr
: Juniperus rigida Sieb. et Zucc. (Du Song Shi)
: ( ),

. 3
, , 2 (
, 1.75), 2 (, 1.76813) 2 (, 1.77814).
813

brqu, <> nioi braton kalosin. sti totou edh

do t mn gr stin ato toj flloij moion kuparssJ,
kanqwdsteron d ka barosmon, kolobn te t dndron ka

460

 (1914) Juniperus macrocarpa

, J. oxycedrus
, J. drupaceae
, J. communis , J.
foetidissima (
) J. phoenicea
.
,
J. excelsa.
(, .152.7815).
.

Juniperus
J. macrocarpa

J. oxycedrus

J. drupacea

J. communis

J. foetidissima

J. phoenicea

J. excelsa

Juniperus ()
( ).
, J. sabina L. .
4 (
) J. communis, J. drupacea, J. oxycedrus
J. phoenicea. J. communis 4 12 mm,
J. drupacea 20-28 mm.
- .
18 , J.
drupacea 24 (Farjon, 2005).
,
. (Ciesla, 1998).
ej pltoj mllon kcemenon crntai d totou toj flloij
nt qumimatoj. t d tern sti murkV toj flloij moion.
814

kdroj dndron st mga, x o legomnh kedra

sungetai. karpn d cei sper kuprissoj, mikrteron mntoi par pol. genntai d ka llh kdroj mikr, kanqdhj,
karpn d sper rkeuqoj frousa, mgeqoj mrtou, perifer. tj d kedraj rsth pacea ka diaugj, etonoj,
barea t sm, poceomnh te kat stalagmoj pidiamnousa
ka m diaceomnh.
815

Kedrdej: kdrou karpj lgontai d ka rkeuqdej.

461


J. communis , , , ,
, , C .
, .
0,5-2% 70
, : - - (pinene) 16,5-80% (
-), (sabinene) 0,2-50%, (limonene) 1-12% terpinen-4-ol
5%. 30% (
), 3-5%,
(Bisset, 1989). (GC GC-MS)
-pinene (
27%), sabinene (13%), germacrene-D (10%) myrcene (9%).
( 2,95%) 105 , 77
93,1%.
terpinen-4-ol (1,37%).
(Chatzopoulou & Katsiotis, 1993).

Juniperus sabina,
( ) ,
(sabinyl acetate).
X
,
1550 ..

, , , . (Ody, 1994).

J. phoenicea, J. excelsa J. oxycedrus816.

.
(Dalby, 2001).

(James, 1997).
(Piper
nigrum Piper longa) (Dalby, 2002).
()
( , 32.109
63.1-4817).

816

Tutankhamun
(Manniche, 1999).
817
Hn k tkou trwsmo goj lambnV, rkeqou tn karpn ka lelsfakon mo tryaj, diej xeoj leuko kuqJ, picaj

462

 , (, 93.10, ,
44.10818) ( ,
, 124.6). (Urtica spp.)
(Linum usitatissimum L.)
(, 51.2819 ,
78.256820 ).
,
() (, 210.6).

(584),
( , , 13.27)
,
(, 17821).
6 ( ,
1.75822, 1.76 1.77) . (
onou leuko kekrhmnou klika, katamxaj, ason kesqai wqen
d phqsaj, clinaj, pien ddou.
,
, (38 ml) ,
, . , .
818
gaqn ka tn lelsfakon yen,
rkeuqdwn kedrdwn pocousa tn culn ka onon picousa
pintw, ka j t loip laion picousa sqitw
, ,
, . .
819
Mhtrwn potn n lgV k tkou, ktan lgV tn drhn
llo ti, rkeqou karpn lnou sprma ka kndhj trbein, ka didnai pnein.
: ,
, (Urtica spp.)
.
820
Hn k tkou tn drhn lgV, rkeqou karpn, lnou zan yen, ka pnein mraj tssaraj
,
.
821
plateaj lminqoj ddou t kfi ka t masoufion. sti d snqesij
to kfewj ath ltou gagtou g lenou j spalqou floio z
zhj sfodlou d brquoj j rkeuqdoj flria r bdllhj petraikj
z scdwn liparn tgktwn b mmwniako g ncou 'Indiko
sprmatoj phgnou grou kstou n j karwn ko. j kardammou kuprou <n> g krkou ko. e sprmatoj kuparssou g ladnou ko.
z strakoj kalamtou z srou ko. j nrdou Keltikj dwn xhrn n
ko. g smrnhj trwgl<od>tidoj z mmou ko. j peukednou kalo j
sprmatoj ligaaj ko. j splgcnwn ko. e scoinnqhj ko. g stroblwn kaqarn ko. g stafdwn gigrtwn b terebinqnhj li. t fllou ko. g
paiwnaj ko. a foinkwn liparn li. a konzhj rwmatikj ko. j mastchj
ko. e diktmnou ko. h libnou ko. g floio ptuoj ko. e kalmou rwmatiko j rewj 'Illurikj ko. d mosclou ko. j karpobalsmou j mlitoj kalo li. j onou kalo ko. j
822

rkeuqoj mn tj sti meglh d mikr. mfterai d qermanousi ka leptnousi es d ka orhtika,

qumimenai d qhra dikousi. to mntoi karpo mn tij
kat karou Pontiko t mgeqoj ersketai, d kumJ soj,

463

 ) .
().
(J. macrocarpa) ( ),
(J. oxycedrus) , (),
, , , .
, ,
,
(), ()
.
, (. ).

( recensiones823).
(J. foetidissima) (.
), ()
, , , .
( ) .
.
, ( ) (, 1.76824).
825.
stroggloj d ka edhj, glukj n t diamassqai ka pkirroj, rkeuqj kalomenoj, qermantikj metrwj ka stuptikj, estmacoj, poin prj t n qraki ka bcaj ka mpneumatseij ka strfouj ka qhra pinmenoj. sti d ka
orhtikj, qen ka spsmasi ka gmasi ka sterikj pnigomnaij rmzei.
823

RV: rkeuqoj o d rkeuqda, o d Mnhsqeoj, o

d kakallda, Afroi zouorrinsoipt, Agptioi libiom, `Rwmaoi zouniproum, Glloi oupikllouj. stin rkeuqj mn
mikr d meglh drimeai d mfterai, diourhtika, purwtika, qumimenai qhra dikousin. d karpj atn edhj, glukj, qermantikj, diourhtikj. paralambnetai d
prj palaij bcaj, pneumatseij nomzetai d rkeuqj.
flla d' cei drima, di [ka] kataplassmena ka pinmena
ka at ka culj atn met' onou poie prj ciodktouj.
d floij kauqej ka met datoj katacrisqej lpraj
fsthsi. t d nhma to xlou poqn naire.
[rkeuqj meglh o d kuprissoj gra, o d Mnhsqeoj, o d kakallda, `Rwmaoi zouniproum. sti ka ath
gnrimoj toj plestoij, mferj kuparssJ, gennwmnh n
tracsi ka paraqalassoij tpoij j p t pleston. dnamin d cei tn atn t proeirhmnJ.]
824

mfotrwn d t flla sthsi nomj ka flegmonj kataplattmena pranei, pokaqarei te melanaj sn mliti kataplassmena ka tj uparaj ka nqrakaj perirrssei. poqnta d ka ama di' orwn gei ka mbrua ktinssei
prosteqnta d ka poqumiaqnta t at poie. megnutai
d ka toj qermantikoj crsmasin, dwj d t gleuknJ.
825

RV: brqu o d braton, `Rwmaoi rba Sabna. dissn t mn kmhn cei j murkh, t d j kuparssou, bostrucwdsteron d sti toj flloij ka kanqwdsteron, drim,
purwtikn diper ssei t nemmena. sn onJ <d> poqn

464

 (, 1.77826).
,
, .
,
.
. ,
,
.
( ).
(Hyssopus officinalis L.).
, .
.
.
, .
( Cerastes spp.).
827.

. ,
,
. (828)
prosteqn poqumiaqn mbrua katasp ka di' orwn
ama gei.
826

dnamin d cei shptikn mn tn mycwn, fulaktikn d

tn nekrn swmtwn, qen ka nekro zwn tinej klesan atn, ka mtia d ka drmata fqerei di t qermanein
pitetamnwj ka xhranein. eqete d ej te t fqalmik
xuderkj osa gcriomnh ka leukmata ka olj smcei.
sn xei d gkluzomnh sklhkaj toj n s ktenei, couj
te ka surigmoj paei sn sspou feymati gceomnh, ej
te mbrmata dntoj nstagesa qraei mn tn dnta, paei
d tn lghdna ka sn xei d diakluzomnh t at poie.
pericrisqesa d adoJ pr tj sunousaj tkin sti, sunagcikn te percristj sti ka parisqmwn flegmonaj bohqe, fqerj te ka knidaj fqerei pericrisqesa, kerstou
d dgmasi sn ls kataplassomnh rgei, prj te lagwo
qalassou psin sn gluke lambanomnh bohqe. fele ka
lefantintaj kleicomnh pericriomnh, kaqarei ka t
n pnemoni lkh ka tai <tata> son kaqoj ofoumnh,
sklhkj te ka skardaj gkluzomnh fqerei ka mbrua
katasp.

827

Aplysia,
. Lepus marinus
( , .45).
828
gnetai d ka laion x atj, cwrizmenon p tj
kedraj di' rou peraiwroumnou n t ysei, j p tj
psshj, poion prj sa ka kedra. qerapeei d dwj t
laion ka tj p tn tetrapdwn yraj ka kunn ka bon
ndrikj katacrimenon, ka toj p' atn krtwnaj fqerei
prosagmenon, ka tj p t kour ginomnaj lkseij atn
poulo. tn d lignn atj sunakton, sper tn tj psshj,
dnamin cousan tn atn kenV.

465

 ,
. .
(, ), ,
.
, ,
. ()
(829), .
, ,
.
. (Cervus elaphus)
, .

(1.138),
(1.230), (2.31830),
(2.36831), (2.46832), ( , 2.49),
(2.76), (2.122),
(2.119833),
(2.13). (2.107).
3 3 ,
3 , 1 (
, 11.836834),
. (, 11.853835),
829

kedrdej d kalontai o x atj karpo. dnamin d

cousi qermantikn, kakostmacon bohqosi d bhx, spsmasi,
gmasi, straggouraij, ka mmhna gousi met peprewj
leai pinmenai, ka prj lagwo qalassou psin sn onJ
lambnontai dikousi ka qhra criomnou to smatoj sn
lafeJ stati muel. megnuntai d ka ntidtoij.
830

bcaj cronouj feletj gr prosftouj

smforn sti farmakeein di' droposaj gr ka okeou
trofj tj di ofmatoj ecerj sti qerapeeincronizosaj d tai tata pinmena knqhj zhj a met mlitoj, rkeuqdej e z h ka kedrdej pinmenai sn
onJ melikrtJ,
,

: 1 () (Cnicus acama L.,
C. ferox L. , Astragalus gummifer Labill. A. parnassi L.) 5 6 7 8
,
831
5-8 .
832
.
833
.
834
[nz. Per rkeqou.] Arkeuqoj qerm ka xhr
tj trthj txewj kat' mfw. d karpj atj qermj
mn mowj, xhranei d' oc mowj, ll' eh n n tde
tj prthj txewj.
835

[ie. Per brquoj.] Brqu tn scurj xhrainntwn

st, kat ge tj trej poithtaj j ka t geesqai diashmanei, paraplhswj kuparssJ, pln ti drimteron a-

466

 , (, ,
), , ,
.
.
,
.
() ,
.
( ),
.
.
,
.
(, 12.16.14836).
tj sti ka j n epoi tij rwmatikteron. atj te on
tathj metcei tj poithtoj j erhka nn tj drimeaj,
p qerm krsei sunistamnhj, ti te pikrthtj te ka styewj mudrotraj kat kuprisson. son gr n drimthti pleonekte kuparssou, ka di toto ka diaforhtikteron. kollsai mn on o dnatai di mhn xhrthtoj ka qermthtoj. ej tosoton gr mfon totwn metelhfen, j dh suntatikn ka flogdej prcein ej d
tj shpednaj mowj rmttei kuparssJ, ka mlisq' sai
kakohqstera t' es ka croniterai. frousi gr lpwj
atai tn scn to farmkou. ka tonun ka t memelasmna ka t lan upar met mlitoj pokaqarei ka
nqrakaj polei. di d tn leptomreian ka katamhnwn stn gwgn, eper ti ka llo, ka di' orwn ama
kine, ka t znta tn mbrwn diafqerei, t nekr d'
kbllei. kesqw d ka toto t frmakon n t trtV
tn postsewn kat te t qermanein ka t xhranein
n toj mlista leptomersin prcon. tat' ra ka mroij mgnutai ka mlista t gleuknJ ka ej ntidtouj
mblletai pampllaj. nioi ka nt kinnammou diplsion
at bllousi, leptuntikj te gr sti ka diaforhtikj
e poqeh dunmewj.
836

[ist. Per kdrou.] Kdroj st mn ditt

kat' edoj, mn tra qamndhj, mowj taj rkeqoij,
d' tra dndron o mikrn. es d' mfterai qermj
ka xhrj krsewj, k tj trthj pou txewj kat' mfw.
mntoi kedra, kaletai d' otw t laion t k tj
kdrou, ka tj tetrthj n dh dxeien fptesqai txewj,
kanj qerm te ma ka leptomerj prcousa. tj mn
on palj srkaj tomwj te ma ka nwdnwj spei,
kaqper ka tlla, t tj mn atj txewj prconta
kat t qermanein, leptomer d taj osaij nta p d
tn sklhrn n crnJ te pleoni ka mgij nerge. kaletai mn on t toiata frmaka pnta shptik te ka
shpt. diafrei d' lllwn kat t mlln te ka tton.
sti d ka atn tn toiotwn farmkwn k tj prthj
te ka sqenestthj txewj kedra t plesta gr atn stin kanj drastria. t mn on toiata ka tj
tn nekrn swmtwn diafqerei srkaj mntoi kedra
xhranei te ka shpta diafulttei t teqneta smata,

467

 3 . 4 ,
. ( )
,
(
837).
.
. .
,
,
, .

. , ,
838.
.
,
tj mn grthtaj atn kboskomnh tj perittj, tn
steren d' oc ptomnh swmtwn. p d tn zntwn
qermthj n toj smasi sunauxnousa tn dnamin tj
kedraj ata ggnetai to tj palj srkaj p' atj
diakaesqai. qaumastn d' odn, e tosath tn dnamin
ka fqeraj ka kondaj ka skardaj ka toj n toj
s sklhkaj nairen pfuken, mbru te prostiqemnh
t mn znta ktenei, t d nekr kbllei. kaqper on
ka at t kat sunousan sprma, perialeifomnh t
adoJ. ka di tat' tkin sti frmakon otw crwmnoij odenj deteron, lla te poll kat mroj rgzetai
toiata. tekmrion gon to qermanein scurj, sper
kpeidn toj tn dntwn nstacq trmasi t mn gr
lghma prvnei, qraei d' atoj. leptnei d ka tj tn
fqalmn olj ka tj di pcoj grn mbluwpaj tai. t d lipartaton x atj ka kribj laiwdstaton, di tn peraiwroumnwn rwn yomnhj qrozetai, leptomersteron mn ggnetai tj lhj kedraj, tton
d drim, katoi qermanon oc tton. cei gr j prj
t poleipmenon tj kedraj t pacumersteron tn atn
lgon, nper ka t laion prj tn mrghn. qen keno
mn, j n pacumerj prcon, dakndj t' st ka nastomwtikn, ka di toto tn lkn reqistikn te ma
ka flegmondej. d' laidhj kedra praea tn dnamn
stin ej tosoton, ste t perv maqntej o ditai t
gignmena tramata toj keiromnoij probtoij p tn
yaldwn palefontej atn qerapeousin, sper ka tn
grn pssan. crntai d' at ka prj tj yraj tn
probtwn ka toj krtwnaj. a d kedrdej, otw gr
nomzousin tn karpn tj kdrou, metriwtran cousi tn
dnamin, ste ka sqesqai dnasqai. pleouj mntoi ka
totwn, e tij prosengkaito, tn te kefaln lge ka
qermanetai ka dknetai kat tn gastra.
= , . = , .
.
.
= . = , . = .
837
(1982) .
.
838
.

468

 .

(. ).
( ;).

(. ).
(), , .

(). ()
(839) .
.
,
.

(). ,
.
, .


( , 12.432
, 14.322), (, 12.792),
(, 12.876), (, 13.169
, 14.372). (, 13.204),
(,
13.214), (, 13.294
, 14.380) .
( , 14.112, 14.118, 14.125, 14.147, 14.155 14.207,
, 14.292, , 14.388),
( , 14.375) (, 14.503).

(Cyperus rotundus) (19.725.7),
( Cistus spp.) (19.731.16).

(
* ).
(
) ,
1 .

839

= , , (1982).

469

J. macrocarpa
J. oxycedrus
***
***

J. drupacea
J. communis

Du Song Shi
J. rigida

***
***

****

J. foeditissima
J. phoenicea
***
,
,
, ,
,

***
*

*
*

( , .77.13)
()
( ) (, 2.305.28840).
Culpeper (1652)
, , , ,
, , , , .

(, .) , ,
,
.
, ,
(Ellingwood, 1919).

1983,
, ,
( ),
(BHMA, 1983).
J. communis ,

. ,
() (Ody,
1994). ,
840

Prj kateyugmnon stmacon mbamma.

'Arkeuqdwn
. . . . . . . ogg. b
peprewj
. . . . . . . . ogg. b
ziggibrewj
. . . . . . ogg. d
petroselnou
. . . . . . . og. a
mlitoj t rkon.
cr j kallstJ.

470

 .

(Grieve, 1931).
.

. 30-60 gr 1 lt
( 60-100 gr ) ( & ,
1948 , 1959) 30 gr 500 ml (
150 ml, 3 ) (Christopher, 1996).
15 gr 300 ml ( 100 ml 3 ) (BHMA, 1983).
1:5 45% 1-2 ml, 3 .

(Ross, 2003).
200 gr , 100 gr 1 lt ,
200 gr .
30 gr (Artemisia absinthium)
100 gr (Cochlearia officinalis).
(J. communis),
100 gr 1 lt , 1/3
. 120 gr ,
150 200 ml, 2 ( &
, 1948 , 1959).
,
.
.

Berberis .
(Tilford, 1997).
Juniperus,
. & (1948)
J. phoenicea ,
, ,
10 gr 500 ml .
30 gr 200 ml , 20 40 ml
. J. oxycedrus
(huile de cade), ,
.
, 10 gr , 150 gr
450 gr , .


(Grieve, 1931).
(..
) (Schauenberg & aris, 1981).

471

 ,
, , ,
.
30 gr 500 ml ,
15 60 gr (Sayre, 1917 Boericke, 1927).
.
,
- .
,
gin, (genivre).
Borovika
sahti.
Du Song Shi ( Juniperus
rigida Sieb. et Zucc.) .
, , ,
Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Jiaxi, Gansu
(Jiangsu College of New Medicine, 1975).


. Du Song Shi
, .

, (
).
, , ,
.

(Holmes, 1997):
1. , --
.
( , ).
2. ,
,

.
,
(),
, .
3. , ,
. .
a. Qi ,
, , ,
(, , ,
,
, , ).
b. .
, (,
).

472

4. Qi , .
-
Yang , , , ,
, , , (
, , ).
5. , ,
, .
a. - ( Yang ),
, , , (
,
).
b. ( )
, ,
, , ( ,
).
6. ,
. .
,
, (, ,
), , ,
.

() () :


.
()

,

.

, ,

,
,
, ,

,

.
.

, ,
. Ross (2003)
3 .
,
3 ,
.
,
, (ginger).
473

 ,
,

,
.

[Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.]
(Hydrastis canadensis L.).
(Rosmarinus officinalis L.)
(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), (Ross,
2003).

.
:
(1:1)
&

& (Viola
tricolor)

&
(Petroselinum crispum)

&
(Taraxacum officinale)

& (Thymbra
capitata)

&
(Citrus aurantium)

/
/ ,
, & ,
, , &


.

,


Qi

, .

,
( J. sabina) .

(Ross, 2003).
,
(Agrawal et al., 1980 Prakash et al., 1985).
Ross (2003) Schisandra
chinensis (Wu Wei Zi) : , , ,
474

 , .
.

, (Lee et al., 2009),
Gram (Miceli et al., 2009),
, Aspergillus spp.
Candida spp. (Cavaleiro et al., 2006),
(Akkol et al., 2009), 841 (Samoylenko
et al., 2008), (Al-Mustafa & Al-Thunibat, 2008),
(Shkukani et al., 2007).

(,
), (, , ),
( , , , ),
( ), , .

841

J. procera ( ) Plasmodium falciparum

, Leishmania donovani Caenorhabditis
elegans.

475


Laurus nobilis L.
: Lauraceae
: Fructus Lauri, Oleum
Lauri folii, Oleum Lauri Oleum Laurinum
: , , ,
,
: ,
(), (),
: true laurel, sweet bay
: laurier dApollon
:
: , ()
: ,
,
, , , ,

: , ,
: ,
: : ,
, , , ,
, . : ,
, , .
: , , .
, , , ,
, ,

: ()
:
: (), ( )
: 10-30 gr 1 lt (), 1,8-3,2 gr

:
: ,
, (
), ()

.
(, ,

476

1.78842).
(, 4.17). (,
, 1.11.3).

T 45% ,
. O 25% 3%
, .
, (Oleum Lauri
folii) ( cade oil, Oleum Cadinum, Juniperus
oxycedrus), (Oleum Lauri, Oleum
Laurinum) (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
. K Bonastre
, , ,
, , , , , , ,
. H
. H
, ,
. T Planchon
50% , , , , ,
( & , 1948).
(1,8-cineole .),
-
(allo-aromadendrene),
-
(-amorphene),
(cubebenes), - (-guaiene), (artemorin),
(bassorin), (costunolide), (eugenol),
(muurolenes), (geraniol), (lauric acid),
(laurenolide), (myrcene), (myrtenal),
(myrtenol), (pelargonic acid),
(sabinene), (santamarine), (verlotorin) . (Duke,
1992b).
X

( , 2.13), () (
, 109).
(, 33, 104, 105, 109 .),
(, 51), ( , 52843) .
842

dfnh mn tj sti leptfulloj d platutra.

843

Ttanoi trej n mn p trmati ttanoj gnhtai, pscei

tde a gnuej pgnuntai, ka t stma diarein o dnatai, ka
o fqalmo dakrousi ka lkontai, ka t metfrenon pphge,
ka t sklea o dnatai xugkmptein, od tj ceraj, od tn
cin ktan d qanatdhj , t potn ka t brmata, prteron bbrwken, n tj naj nrcetai note. Toton, ktan otwj

477


.
.
. (Artemisia absinthium)
(Hyoscyamus spp.), .
.
,
, .
( ), .
.
, .
.
(, 75) (,
77844).
( , 3)
(, 15).

(499845).
(
, 1.78846).
cV, purin de, ka leyanta liparj prj t pr kaqen qlpein, ka clismata prostiqnai paleyaj t sma. Ka ynqion
flla dfnhj to oskumou tn karpn tryaj ka libanwtn,
eta onJ leuk diej gcai j cutrda kainn eta picai laion
son t onJ, ka qermnaj leyai poll qerm t sma ka tn
kefaln peita kataklnaj mbptein tn srka poisai, ka
mfisai mtia malqak kaqar, kwj n xidrsV sfdra melkrhton d cliern didnai, n mn dnhtai, kat stma, n d m
dnhtai, gcein kat tj naj didnai d onon leukn pnein j
diston ka pleston. Tata cr poiein ksthj mrhj, wj
n gij gnhtai d nosoj calep ka detai melthj paracrma.
844

'Wkutkia dustokesV dfnhj zhn xsaj toj krouj

son misu xubfou, f' dati dj pien qermnaj. 'Wkutkion
, : (68,4 ml)
.
845
A d dafndej goun t kokkdafna sqimena tn melagcolikn pogennsi cumn.
846

dfnh mn tj sti leptfulloj d platutra.

qermantika d mfterai ka malaktika, qen t fyhma
atn ej gkaqsmata taj per kstin ka mtran rmzei
diaqsesi. t d clwr tn fllwn rma postfei fele d lea kataplasqnta sfhkn ka melittn plhgj, dnatai d ka psan flegmonn pranein sn rtJ ka lftJ
kataplasqnta, poqnta d mblnei tn stmacon ka mtouj kine. a d dafndej qermantikterai tn fllwn es.
poiosi d kleicmenai leai sn mliti gluke prj fqsin
ka rqpnoian ka toj per qraka eumatismoj. pnontai
d sn onJ prj skorpioplktouj, ka lfoj d smcousi.
t d pesma atn talgaij ka coij ka dushkoaij bohqe sn
onJ palai ka odnJ gcemenon megnutai ka kpoij ka
sugcrsmasi qermantikoj ka diaforhtikaj dunmesi. d

478

 .
,
(),
.
( ) ,
.
().
(
) , ,
.
, (1,8 3,2 gr ).

(, 1.40847). ,
, ,
, .
, ( , Schoenus
spp.848) , , .
, .
.
. ,
, . ,
, , (
). , 849, ,
. .

(, 1.65.5),
() (, 3.16.1, 3.32.4 3.38.3),
floij tj zhj atn lqouj qrptei ka mbrua ktenei ka
patikoj fele triwblou plqoj sn onJ edei pinmenoj.
847

t d dfninon skeuzetai di tn dafndwn, tan

si drupepej, yomnwn meq' datoj k gr to perikeimnou
lpouj nhsi liparan tin, n diakyantej cersn ej maka
nalambnousin. nioi d mfkinon laion prostyantej kuprJ ka sconJ ka kalmJ ka met tata dfnhj flla
peribalntej sunyousin, o d ka dafndaj, wj n kann
gnhtai t sm nioi d ka straka msgousi ka mursnhn.
rsth d prj skeuasan rein ka platfulloj dfnh
diafrei d to dafnnou t prsfaton, clwrn t crv, pikrtaton, drim.
dnamin d cei qermantikn, malaktikn, nastomwtikn,
kpwn lutikn rmzei ka toj per t nera pqesi psi
ka frkaij ka talgaij ka katrroij ka kefalalgaij. sti
d ka nautidej poqn.
848

( , 4.12.2.1)
( ) ( , 4.52)
Schoenus nigricans L.
( ) Cymbopogon schoenanthus Spreng.
(. Andropogon schoenanthus L.).
849
,
(, 1927-1931).

479

 (,
4.13.2), (
, , 2.16.3).
( ,
11.863850)
.
, .
.
(, 11.871).
(
, 12.393851).
.
, , , , ,
(
, .108852).
,
(, 1.495853), (, 2.181854),
(, 2.351).
850

[d. Per dfnhj to dndrou.] Dfnhj to

dndrou ka t flla ka karpj xhranei ka qermanei sfodrj, ka mllon karpj atj tn fllwn.
d floij tj zhj tton mn sti drimj ka qermj, mllon d pikrj, ka ti ka styewj cei. tat' ra ka lqouj qrptei ka pati fele. pnetai d sn onJ
edei trioblou staqmj.

851

[Prj lwpekaj snqeta.] Snqeta d frmaka t

mn p tn mprosqen atrn, soi ge xilogoi, meglwj pVnhmna, t d' f' mn atn di makrj peraj
bebasanismna t toiat stin. eforbou ka qayaj
ka dafnnou, kstou b.

852

Dfninon k to karpo t dfnh keuzetai, proerhtai.

t d mmikton keuzetai otw pr e xta tn pepemmnwn
lawn mballomnou n xtou to karpo tn dafndwn liparo
ka proftou ka otw tribomnwn pntwn ma ka kqlibomnwn
per ka t laion. qermn d gan t ka malaktikn t mig,
te to fodr yugmnoi mro ti to mato crhimeei ka
xhranei d kan, te to ywrii xhrodrmoi ka leicna
coui trace crimenon n balaneoi poqerapeei. feukton d
at p tn flegmainntwn leicnwn ywrn ka p tn qermn
krewn ka colwdn. to gr gro ka flegmatiko rmttei ka
pi to p yxew nocloumnoi t rqra ka ciadiko katllhlon naire ka klhka ka fqera grou ka mrou ka
konda ka ptura kefal ka fiei ka lwpeka cri d
n loutr ntei, eta pomcein ka mliti ka tlew leroi, parafulttwn t qerm kefal m progein at.
853

'Epqema prj tj cronaj kefalalgaj.

Kcrhso d ka piqmasi kat tj kefalj ka crsmasin p
tn cronwn diaqsewn diaforen dunamnoij, x n sti ka toto
pollkij peran dedwkj. cei d graf otwj
Per khrwtj.

480

 . O
(1985) ,

20 . (1914)
.
.
(Fructus Lauri)
, , .
,
. ,
. Grieve (1931)
, .
. O
(1977) . O
(1916) , .
, ( ).
.
, , ,
, . H
, ,
.
. (Ruta
graveolens L., Rutaceae)
. (1969)
, , , , ,
. & (1948)
, , , ,
,
, . O Picci (1980)
.
, (10-30 gr 1 lt ),
,
(, 1914, & , 1948, , 1985
Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
(Oleum Lauri folii),
(, 1914).
'Irnou mrou
. . . . drac. a
peukednou
. . . . drac. a
kastorou
. . . . . drac. a
dafndwn
. . . . . drac. b
phgnou kremnwn
. . drac. d
: , ( Peucedanum officinal L.),
( ), , (
= ).
854
Bhcikn ntdoton poion pnu kalj prj tj yucrj diaqseij.
Peprewj, dafndwn, qmou n og. a, mlitoj t rkon. ddou
kocliria do wqen.
: , , 27 gr ,
. 10 ml ().

481


,
.


(Matsuda et al., 2002).

(Sayyah et al., 2002).
Trypanosoma cruzi (
Chagas) (Uchiyama et al., 2002),
(Gurbuz et al.,
2002).

: ,
. , .
: , ,
, .
: ,
, ,
, ,
.
. ,
(), .
: , ,
. , ,
, .
. ,
(), .
: , ,
.
: , ,
( ), .
. , , , ,
, (), , ,
, ,
.

482


Anethum graveolens L.
: Apiaceae ( Umbelliferae)
: Semen Anethi
Fructus Anethi
: ,
: ,
: dill
: aneth, fenouil btard
: Dille
: 2 3, 1 2,
,

: , ,
: , ,
: , , ,
:
, ,
,
, ,
(), ,
(, .), ,
, , ,
, ,

: -
: 2-3
: ,
1

: 1-2 gr 250 ml , 10
(2-20 ml 125-250 ml ), 1-5

:
:
,

(1914) Anethum graveolens L.

( , 1.11.2 .) (
, 3.58). ,
.
(1.51).
483


(3 4%), (d-carvone, 50 60%), (trans- cis-dihydrocarvone),
(trans- cis-carveol), (limonene), (ddihydrocarveol, l-dihydrocarveol), (a - g terpinene), -
(a phellandrene), - (b terpineol), terpinene-4-ol p-cymene,
(thymol), (carvacrol) . (Ishikawa et al., 2002).

4
.
(Amenhotep II, 1427 1400 ..) ,
( 2 ..).
,
( , 59.19855).
( )

(, 66.46856).
(, 89.13).
, ,
, (, 185.9857).
(33.16858).

855

Anhqon qermn ka statikn, ka ptarmn paei sfrainmenon.

856

krasin fqosi psi, pln boj ka agj, difqoisin n nqoisi ka marqroisin,

857

Trbein te nnhson, ka nqou karpn, ka smrnhj lkn

boloj do, diinai onJ leuk krtJ mikotulJ, n toutJ diakluzsqw, ka n t stmati pouln katectw crnon, qamin d
toto drn, ka nagargarzesqai nstin ka met tn trofn
riston d ligosith, krtista d cr prosfresqai. Toto t
frmakon dntaj kaqarei ka edeaj poiei kaletai d ndikn frmakon.
, . (. ).
858
Allo koloknqhj grhj t ndon, kminon pefrugmnon, nqou karpn,
kuparssou zan, tata tryaj lea, mliti fq fursaj, balnouj poiwn, ddou
prostiqnai
: , , (
) , ,
, .

484

 ( , 3.58859)
.
( ) , ()
(, ),
.
( ) ( )
. ()
().
.
( ) ( ,
1.51.1860), : 8 9
(2,859 kgr) 11 8 (3,813 kgr)
. .
.
, .
, ,
.
(5.55861), , ,
, .
(), (, )
(), .
(1.32),
.
859

nqou xhro tj kmhj ka to karpo t fyhma

pinmenon gla katasp, strfouj te ka mpneumatseij paei,
koilan te ka toj pipolaouj mtouj sthsin, or te kine
ka lugmoj parhgore, mblnei te tj yeij ka gonn sbnnusi sunecj pinmenon. crsimon d t fyhma ato ka
gunaixn sterikaj ej gkqisma t d sprma kan ka
kataplasqn kondulmata arei.
860

nhqnou skeuasa laou ltraj kt oggaj nna,

nqou nqouj ltraj ndeka oggaj kt napbrece t
laJ mran man, eta kpeze taj cers ka potqeso.
n d qlVj dbrocon poisai, prsfaton nqou nqoj satwj pbrece.
dnatai d malssein t per mtran ka nastomon,
rmzon prj t periodik gh, qermanon ka kpouj lon
ka lgmata rqrwn felon.
861

skeuzetai d onoj prj katrrouj, bcaj, mthtaj, mpneumatseij, pldon stomcou smrnhj b, peprewj leuko a, rewj , nqou g, lkopa ndsaj ej qnion kqej ej xstaj x onou. met d tn trthn
diulsaj potqeso ej lgunon ka ptize met perpaton,
didoj kraton, kaqon na.
, , ,
. 2
, 1 , 6 (Iris germanica L. Iris pallida
Lam.) 3 , 6 ( 3,28 lt).
1 ,
.

485

 ( , 11.832862)
2 3 ,
1 2 . ,
, () .
,
, .
3 .
() .
.
, . ,
.
.

( , .115863),
864.
40 (
) , .

,
, .
862

[me. Per nqou] Anhqon qermanei mn ej tosoton j toi tj deutraj at txewj pitetamnhj
tj trthj klelumnhj polaben. tn xhrainntwn d tj
deutraj st txewj rcomnhj, tj prthj pitetamnhj,
ste ektwj nafeymenon laJ, diaforhtikn te ka
ndunon ka pnopoin ka peptikn mn ka pptwn
gkwn prcei. ggnetai gr t x ato laion ggj ti
tj krsewj toj puopoioj te ka peptikoj nomazomnoij
farmkoij, pln ti qermteron atn brace ka leptomerj sti ka di toto ka diaforhtikn. kauqn d tj
trthj txewj gnetai tn qermainntwn te ka xhrainntwn, ka di toto pladaroj lkesin piplattmenon nnhsi ka mlista toj n adoJ. t d p tj psqhj
crnia ka poulo kalj. grteron d dhlonti ka tton qermn sti t clwrn ti ka ecumon, ste peptikteron mn ka pnopoin stai mllon to xhro, diaforhtikn d' tton. di tot moi dokosi ka o palaio
x ato stefnoij crsqai par t sumpsia.

863

'Anqinon gnetai k t kmh to nqou clwr ti oh,

prn t permtion teren gnhtai ka drim, mforon gr
gnetai e tn crin di tn poboln to nqou. potmnonta
d mnou to kalaqkou tn blatn ka tanta a, mbllein
cr t talik xtV to gluko laou, perifggein d krib
t tma to keou ka lion mra m. qermteron d ti toto
to camaimhlnou proagqw tonun to kekopwmnoi n ceimni
malei gr ka granei. crhton d kp tn p flgmato
purentwn blhcr, ka lw to p yucrn atin kmnouin
rmdion ka mlita tnonta ma.
864

, , .
743.

486


(Grieve, 1931). Culpeper
(
).
(
), , ()
.
,
, .
1-5 .
,
.
(Dill Water Gripe Water)
, .
(Woodwards Gripe
Water, 1876) 3,6% , ,
(NaHCO3), .

.
FDA 1993,
.
,
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (Blumenthal, 2000),

(Naturopathy).
1 2 gr
250 ml , 10 . 2 20 ml
( ) 125 250 ml .
,
.


(Monsefi et al., 2006).
,

in vivo (Hosseinzadeh et al.,
2002).
(Mycobacterium spp.) (Stavri & Gibbons, 2005),
Enterobacteriaceae (Rafii & Shahverdi, 2007).
,
, (Singh et al., 2002),
, Candida albicans (Jirovetz et al., 2003).

: Enterococcus
faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella
typhimurium Shigella flexneri.
(Kojuri et al.,
487

2007), (Bahramikia
& Yazdanparast, 2009).

, ,
(), ,
.
,
, .
.

,
,
. , , .
, .
, .

488

 &
Artemisia absinthium L.
Artemisia vulgaris L.
Artemisia abrotanum L.
: Asteraceae ( Compositae)
: Oleum Absinthii
Aethereum
:
: ,
, , ,
(), (),
(), (),
(), ,
: wormwood, absinthium,
absinthe wormwood
: armoise, absinthe
: Gemeiner Wermut, Wermutkraut, absinthe
: 2 & 1 2, 1 & 3
(), ,
: , ,
: , , ,
: , , , Chong Mai, Ren Mai
: , ,
, (, ,
, , ),
, (
, , ,
), ,
(, ),
, ( stress,
), ,
,
: -
:
:
: 3-7 gr (), 4-10 gr ( ), 1:5
1-2 ml (3 ), ,
4
: Yin Chen Hao (
Artemisia capillaries Thunb. A. scoparia Waldst. et Kit.), Qing Hao (
A. apiacea Hance. A. annua L.), Ai Ye ( A. argyi Levi et Vant.
A. vulgaris L.)
:
,

489


(1914)
( , 3.113865).
.
.
(, 3.113) (, 3.23866).
Artemisia arborescens L.867,
(, 3.23868), Artemisia alba Turra (=
Artemisia camphorata Vill.), Artemisia campestris L.
(, 3.113), Artemisia eriantha Ten. (= Artemisia
petrosa Fritsch), Artemisia vulgaris L. Artemisia scoparia
Waldst. & Kit. ,
Flora Europaea (Tutin et al., 19641976).
Artemisia pontica L., (
).
(, 3.24869) Linnaeus
865

.,,
<>.
,,
,,,,
.,
,,
,
.
866
.
.
867
, , , .
868
,

,.
,,
,,,,
,

,.

.
869
,
.,
,
,,
,,,
.
,<>,,.

490

 Artemisia abrotanum L.
, (, 3.23870),
Artemisia caerulescens L. (2006).
, , ,
(Euro+Med Plantbase, Greuter, 2006-2009).

.

Artemisia pontica L. (,
1914)
A. absinthium L. (, 2006)
Artemisia arborescens L.
(, 1914)
A. maritime L. (, 2006)
Artemisia caerulescens L.
(, 2006)
Artemisia absinthium L.
(, 1914)
Artemisia arborescens L.
(, 2006)
Artemisia campestris L.
Artemisia abrotanum L.

( )

3.23
3.23

, ,
(), (),
().

3.23
3.113

(),
()

3.113
3.24

, ,
(), ()

(0,5 1%, )
(thujone), (azulene, tanacetone .),
(absinthin, anabsinthgin, artabsin, artemetin, arabsin,
artabin, isoabsinthin .), (bisabolene), camphene, cadinene, sabinene,
pinene, phellandrene.
, (rutin, quercetin .), ,
, ketepelenolide, , , , ,
, (Holmes, 1997).

.

6 7
, (16.9).
(, 46.6, 74.39, 78.4,
870

,
,,
,,
,
.

491

78.23, , 32.65, 97.6, 109.2871 .),

( , 32.4).
5 , 2
3 . (
, 3.113872)
. ,
,
, .

,
6RM 3RM,
.
( ).
3 (10,2 gr)
. (, 3.23873) ,
871

Gunaikea kaqartria n m porehtai kqarsij, labn sikhj nterinhn son tribolon ka rtemishn pohn ka
libanwto boln, tryaj, n mliti mxaj, j eron nelxaj, prsqej prj t stma tj mtrhj, tj mrhj pentkij toto poin.
: , 3 ,
1 , , ,
. .
872
mfterai d qermanousi ka leptnousin pozennmenai
d rmzousin ej gkaqsmata prj gwgn mmnwn ka deutrwn ka mbrwn ka msin ka flegmonn tj straj ka
qryin lqwn ka pocn orwn. d pa kataplasqesa
kat to trou poll mmhna kine. d x atj culj sulleanqej smrnV ka prosteqej gei <t> p mtraj, sa ka t
gkqisma ka potzetai d kmh prj gwgn tn atn
plqoj dracmn trin.
873

ynqion gnrimoj pa. sti d ato bltion

t n PntJ ka Kappadokv gennmenon n rei t kaloumnJ TarJ.
dnamin d cei stuptikn, qermantikn, pokaqartikn
tn nhreiktwn stomcJ ka koilv colwdn. sti d ka
orhtikn ka krapalon propinmenon, ka prj mpneumatseij d rmzei ka koilaj ka stomcou lgmata pinmenon met seslewj nrdou Keltikj, ka norexaj ka
kterikoj qerapeei t pbregma ato t fyhma kaq'
ksthn mran lambanmenon ej plqoj kuqwn trin. gei
d ka mmhna pinmenn te ka prostiqmenon met mlitoj
prj te toj p muktwn pnigomnouj rmzei sn xei pinmenon, sn onJ d prj xan ka kneion ka mugalj dgmata
ka drkonta qalssion sunagcikoj te dicrisma sn mliti
ka ntrJ ka prj pinuktdaj sn dati, prj d ppia sn
mliti ka mbluwpaj ka prj t cwrorroonta ta mowj
ka patmismj d ato to feymatoj prj talgan
feymenn te sn gluke katplasma fqalmn periodunntwn
st. kataplssetai d ka prj pocndria ka par ka
stmacon pnw cronwj psconta sunekleiomenon khrwt KuprnV, prj d stmacon odnV rmzei d ka splhnikoj ka
drwpikoj migntwn at skwn ka ntrou ka arnou lerou.

492


.
. 874
.
3 (142,8 ml)
. .
,

.
,
. ,
.
,
.
875 ,
. ,
( , Lolium temulentum L.,
temulentus, ) .
(876).
,
, (
).
. ,
( ),
.
.
,
.
.

874

Valeriana celtica L., Valeriana dioscoridis,

Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch., Nardostachys grandiflora DC
Nardostachys jatamansi DC. ,
( , 1.7.1).
875
( , 1.55).
( , Lawsonia inermis L.).
876
skeuzetai d ka onoj legmenoj yinqthj di' ato,
mlista per tn Propontda ka Qrkhn, prj t proeirhmna crntai n purexv ka llwj d propnousi qrouj
gieaj poihtikn enai nomzontej. doke d ka parapattmenon ej tj kibwtoj brwta fulttein t sqmata leifmenn te met' laou knwpaj kwlein ptesqai to smatoj t d mlan t pobrgmati ato bracn brwta
mus thre t grmmata. oike d ka t to culsmatoj
rga t at, pln ej tj pseij o dokimzomen at, kakostmacon ka kefalalgj n. dolotai d t clisma mrgV
yhqesV ka meignumnV.

493

 (877)
878,
.
, ( Artemisia abrotanum L. A. cina
O. Berg & C. F. Schmidt), , , ,
, ,
,
( ).
.
.
(879),
,
880 .
,
.
( Artemisia abrotanum L.)
(, 3.24881).
, ,
, ( ).
877

,.
,,
,,,,
,

,.

.
878
Abusir, Taposiris Magna,
Mariut, .
.
879
,
,,
,,
,
.
880
.
881

,,,,
,

.
,
.
<>
,
..

494

 ( )
. ()
,
. 882
. .

.
( , 11.840883)
, .
2 1 2,
.
(, 11.844884).
, . , ,
.
.
.
, .
. 1 3 ,
.

882

, : ( ).
. , , 19.156: :

,.
883
[xb. Per rtemisaj.] 'Artemisa. ditt mn sti
ka rtemisa pa. qermanousi d' mfterai ka metrwj
xhranousi, ka kesqwsan n mn t qermanein deutraj
postsewj, n d t xhranein prthj pitetamnhj
deutraj rcomnhj. es d ka leptomerej metrwj, ste
ka prj toj n nefroj lqouj rmttein metrwj ka ej
puraj stern.
884

[oe. Per yinqou.] 'Aynqion stuptikn ka pikrn ka drimean ma poithta kkthtai, qermann te ma
ka pton ka tonon ka xhranon. di toto ka toj
n t koilv coldeij cumoj p te tn ktw diacrhsin
pgei ka di' orwn kkeno. mllon d' ti t n
taj fley coldej kkaqarei di' orwn. di tata ka
flgmata n t koilv periecmena prosfermenon odn
nnhsin. otw d ka e kat qraka ka pnemona tcoi. gr stuptik dnamij n at tj pikrj stin
scurotra. t d ka drimthtj tinoj metcein pleoni
mtrJ qermn stin per yucrn. e d doi kaqlou perilambnonti tn krsin ato kat tj prtaj forsai
dunmeij, katoi g' nomoiomeroj ntoj, qermn mn n
prcein at tj prthj postsewj epoimen, xhrn d
tj trthj. d culj ato pol tj paj qermteroj.

495

 (A. vulgaris L.)

Woden (Odin)885. Woden
9 ,
.

,
,
. 5 gr
(Ody, 1994).
(A. absinthium L.) ,
, ,
( & , 1948, Ody,
1994). Grieve (1931)
.
( ).

. F. J. Cazin
(1788-1864)
, , ,
(Cazin, 1850). & (1948)
Franois-Pierre Chaumeton (1775-1819)
32 gr .
Chaumeton (Flore mdicale,
Chaumeton et al., 1844).
(, , , Artemisia
abrotanum L.)
, , ( ).
.

(, 1959).
(1959) Artemisia mutellina Vill.
( Artemisia umbelliformis Lam.)
, (1
1 , 1 ).
gnpi, genepy genep,
,

885

A worm came crawling and tore a man asunder. Then took Woden nine magic twigs and smote the
serpent that he in nine pieces dispersed. Now these nine herbs have power, , Lacnunga,
11 . worm
. Lacnunga 200
. : ,
(Plantago major), (Nasturtium officinale), (Stachys
officinalis), (Chamaemelum nobile), (Urtica dioca), (Malus
sylvestris), (Anthriscus cerefolium) (Foeniculum vulgare).

496

 . Artemisia eriantha Ten.,

Artemisia
umbelliformis L. ssp. eriantha (Ten.) J. Valls Xirau & M. Oliva Braas (
Artemisia petrosa Fritsch) (. The IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species). (, ,
) , 2.100 2.800 m (
) (Strid & Tan, 1991).
(
V 92/43 Least Concern IUCN),
.
,
, (Holmes, 1997).
Ross (2003)
.
( ),

( ).

,
.
.
, , , Chong
Mai Ren Mai. (Holmes, 1997):
1. , ,
,
.
a. Qi :
, , , , ,
, , (, ,
).
b. ,
: , , ,
( , ,
).
2. ,
.
a. : ,
, , (
, ).
b. : , ,
( Shao
Yang Shao Yin, ).
3. , ,
.

497

a. :
, , ().
b. Qi :
(, ).
4. ,
.
a. : ,
, ( stress,
).
5. ,
, .
, .
a. : , ,
, , , , , ,
, .
.
, aperitif (Vermouth).
,
.
,
. (absinthe),
.
Neuchatel , 18 .,
20 .
. 1915
(, , , ).
.
1990886.
(thujone) 35 mg/kg.
, ,
, (Artemisia pontica
L.), , , (Illicium verum Hook. f.),
(Angelica archangelica L.), , (Coriandrum sativum
L.) (Veronica officinalis L.).
( )

.
9,6 32 gr 960 ml ( Ody, 1994: 5-10 gr
500 ml , Grieve, 1931: 31 gr 568 ml ).
3 7 gr 4 10 gr ( ).
5-10 gr 300 ml ,
886

1991 88/388/EEC,
, 2005, 2007
2009.

498

 15-20 gr 300 gr ( 1
) (, 1959). 32 gr 960 gr
15 30 gr 60 gr eau de
vie887 1 lt 10 . 80-100 gr
( & , 1948). (1:5)
1 2 ml, 3 .
.
,
4 .


.

.

(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
Ai Ye:
1. Yin Chen Hao ( Artemisia capillaris Thunb. A.
scoparia Waldst. et Kit.). ,
, ,
. , ,
. 15 30 gr ().
2. Qing Hao ( A. apiacea Hance. A. annua L.).
, .
, ,
. 3 9 gr,
15 24 gr.
(artemisinine)
(Artesunate).
3. Ai Ye ( A. argyi Levi et Vant. A. vulgaris L.). ,
, , .
, ,
, .
, , , ,
, .
3 15 gr ().
(tumericin),
,
.

887

.

.

499


,
,
. Qi (,
, ),
, ( , ,
).
,
.
( , ),
(
Shao Yang Shao Yin, ).
, ,
. ()
Qi (, ).
,
.
( stress, ).
,
, .
, ,
( , , ,
, , , , , ,
).

500


Gentiana lutea L.
: Gentianaceae
: Radix Gentianae
:
:
: bitterwort, Great Yellow
Gentian
: gentiane jaune, grande
gentiane
: Gelbe Enzian
: [ (.)],
: (), (),

: , , ,
,
: , , ,
: , , , ,
( Qi ,
, , ), -,
(- ,
, ), , ( ,
, ), - (.. ),
( , , , , ,
, )
: -
:
:
: 3-9 gr ( ), 1-3 ml (3 ),

: Long Dan Cao ( Gentiana scabra Bge.)
: Qi

( ,
3.3.1888) .
888

gentian doke mn p prtou ersqai Gntidoj,

to 'Illurin basilwj, f' o ka tn proswnuman schken
j flla t mn prj t zV karv rnoglssJ moia,
pruqra, t d' n msJ t kaul ka mlista t kat'
kron pescismna mikrj. kaulj d kenj, leoj, pcoj
daktlou, t d yoj dphcuj, gnasi dieilhmmnoj, k diasthmtwn meiznwn perikemenoj t flla karpn d cei n

501

 ,
(180-167 ..),
.

, , , . (889).
G. purpurea L., G. pannonica
Scop., G. punctata L., G. acaulis L.
G. verna L. ( ) G. asclepiadea L. (
).

, (gentiopicrin),
(gentiopicroside), (amaropanin),
(amarogentin), (amaroswerin), (swertiamarin),
, , (gentianine)
(gentialutine), , , (gentisein),
(gentisin), (isogentisin), (trimethoxyxanthone), 8
(syringic, gentistic, sinapic, procatechuic acids),
(gentianose, gentiobiose), , C (Holmes,
1994).

kluxi platn, kofon, curdh, prj tn to sfondulou, zan

makrn, moan ristolocev <t makr>, pacean, pikrn. genntai d n yhlottaij krwreaij ka suskoij tpoij ka ndroij.
889

RV: gentian o d kentareioj za, o d lh Gallik, o d nrkh, o d Ceirnion, Drdanoi lotij, `Rwmaoi
gentina, Qoskoi kiknda, o d komitilij.

502

 ( , 3.3.2890)
891 . (6,8 gr)
(Piper nigrum L.), (Ruta graveolens L.) ,
. (3,4 gr)
, , .
.
, ,
,
. .
.
. (
) 5 ,

. ,
. .
( , 11.856.4892)
,
(), () .

(, 12.356.12893), 5:10:1,
890

dnamin d cei za qermantikn, stuptikn bohqe d

qhriodktoij potizomnh dracmn duen plqoj met peprewj ka phgnou ka onou, to d culsmatoj son dracm
ma, ka prj dnaj pleurn, ptmata, strmmata, gmata
eqete ka patikoj, stomacikoj pinomnh meq' datoj.
kbllei d mbrua za j kollrion prostiqemnh sti
d traumatik pitiqemnh j t lkion ponmwn te lkn
ama, ka mlista t clisma, ka fqalmn pcrisma flegmainntwn. megnutai d ka ej t drima tn kollurwn t
clisma nt mhkwnou sti d ka lfn smhktikn za.
culzetai d qlasqesa ka bracesa n dati p mraj
pnte, eta yhqesa n t dati, crij n percwsin a zai,
ka met t yugnai t dwr dihqetai di' qonou ka yetai, cri o n gnhtai melitdej t sustsei, ka potqetai
n straknJ ggeJ.
891

.
.
892
[b. Per gentianj.] Gentian. tathj tj paj
za drastrioj kanj stin, na cr leptna te ka diakaqrai, ka poyai ka kfrxai, ka odn qaumastn
e tata dnatai pikr sfodrj prcousa.
893

[ld. Per karknwn kekaumnwn.] H ge mn tn potamwn karknwn tfra xhrantik mn stin mowj toj
proeirhmnoij, dithti d tj lhj osaj qaumastj p
tn lussodktwn nerge, ka mnh mn, ll ka met gentianj te ka libanwto pol mllon. enai d cr to
mn libanwto moran man, pnte d tj gentianj ka tn
karknwn dka. ka llwj mn on kauqesin atoj crhsmeq pote spanwj, j t pol d kaq' n Ascrwn
mpeirikj crsato farmkwn mpeiriktatoj grwn, polthj te ka didskaloj mteroj. n d lopj ru-

503

 .
(
18 ) .
,
( ,
, 13.71.8894), ,
( , , 13.72.8895),
(
, 13.820.14896) .
qro calko, kaq' j pitiqej zntaj toj karknouj kae
crij o tefrwqsin, j eklwj leiosqai. otoj Ascrwn ecen e pareskeuasmnon toimon p tj okaj
t frmakon, rv qrouj kwn toj karknouj, met tn
to kunj pitoln, nka lonti lioj n, selnh d ktwkaidekataa. pnein te kaq' ksthn mran ddou t
frmakon toto toj lussodktoij, cri tj tessarakostj
pipsswn dati koclirion emgeqej. e d' ok x rcj,
ll meq' mraj tinj to dhcqnai pronoeto to dedhgmnou, do kocliria kaq' ksthn mran ppatten.
894

[Ptima par Klhtou 'Abasknqou prj fqisikeuomnouj, crmai katakrwj, nepitdeion d sti prj
amatoj nagwgn.] 'Aristolocaj daktuldoj k. qeou
prou k. mandragrou floio k. libnou m. gentianj l. seslewj l. pou m. oskumou leuko
sprmatoj m. smrnhj m. krkou h. peprewj leuko kkkouj r. eforbou i. dafndwn z . kstou
z . kardammou z. kyaj n onJ efrbion ka
smrnan ka pion onomliti ka tn oskamon ka t
loip kyaj dv ej t at mxon ka mliti feyhmnJ,
cr m prosftJ t farmkJ. kalj prosqhken 'Andrmacoj per totou to farmkou t prj tj amatoj nagwgj nepitdeion prcein at di te t qeon puron
ka t efrbion. mroj d ti ka di tj dafndaj.
895

[Prj psan bca ka eumatismn ka t ntj postmata, j 'Apollnioj.] Sagaphno, gentianj, smrnhj, popnakoj, peprewj leuko n b. dafndwn kaqarn d. lea nalmbane dati, lka kamoj `Ellhnikj, ddou lgJ plon sciadikoj, n onou kekramnou kuqoij trisn.
896

[`H di diktmnou j Damokrthj.]

Erhta moi pollkij j o mnon ej mnmhn a mmetroi
grafa crhsimteroi tn pez gegrammnwn esn, ll ka
ej tn tj summetraj tn mignumnwn krbeian. di tot'
on ka nn tn di diktmnou prosgraye summetran
krib diaszousan n t Damokrtou graf.
Tn peribotwn d' stn mplstrwn ma,
Mnh t' cousa Krhtikn t kalomenon
Dktamnon, tai d tj tn rpetn,
'Ioblwn plhgj te ka t dgmata
Pntwn tetrapdwn, kn lelusskV tin,
Tetulwmna q' lkh, tj te tn nerwn fqorj.
Mun te ka tn stoij pikeimnwn
Cndrwn, cntwn di bqouj dh fqorn.

504

 ( , 11..3897)
T te per mastoj ka trchlon ka cin
Elkh qerapeei, kn crnouj polloj cV
Ka pnq' s' epon tn kaloumnhn poien
Aguptan mplastron mprosqen brac.
Tathn gaqn sfdr' osan nioi ka mnhn
Dokosi pasn tn kaln beltona,
Polln di peraj ok contej farmkwn.
Ecei d liqrguron dj katn dracmj,
Ltraj d' laou to palaio ttarton.
Tinj d kotlhj fas mllon ttarton.
Dj d' ekosi pnte Pontiko khro dracmj,
Kolofwnaj d tj kalj, khro diplon,
Tinj d mllon, tat tj terminqnhj.
'Io d calko ka lhj 'Indikj,
Calko te kekaumnou ka difrugoj kalo
`Ekkadec' misu x kstou mgmatoj,
Ekosi dracmj d calbnhj ka d.
Mnnhj, libnou te tj saj dj ib.
'Ammwniako dj e. ka dj k.
`Ekkadeka dracmj proplewj tj 'Attikj,
'Aristolocaj tj makrj dj i. dracmj
Dj st. lepdoj, to Kuprou calko dracmj
Ka gentianj xhrotthj zhj son.
Totoij prosapdoj psi diktmnou paj
Xhrj coshj nqoj lkj k.
Leaj. liqrguron d met' laou baln,
Ej lopda kainn keraman platstomon,
Eye pur kofJ ka malak, kinn spqV
Ewj gnhtai mlitoj 'Attiko pcoj.
Ison d ka tj lepdoj prosbaln plin
Eye labrteron, eta kio genomnou
To farmkou, prsbale calkn ka difrugj,
Poin t' mlunton ka pephgj frmakon
Prsballe khrn tn te htnhn ma.
Wn suntakntwn, tan dVj kekramnhn
Emplastron, areij tn ctran p to purj
Ka prosbaln proplej te ka calbnhn,
'Ammwniakn, mnnan te ka lhn, tte
Yxaj t purdej ka zon to farmkou,
'Aristolocan leiotthn prosempseij
Ka gentiann, tn te dktamnon pan
Ka prosanakyaj t spqV t frmakon
Cers ka magdalij poin, ce,
Ej j proepon crmenoj peristseij.
897

Gentian tathj t flla t mn prj t zV karv

rnoglssJ moia, pruqra, t d' n msJ t kaul ka mlista
kat' kron pescismna mikr kaulj kenj, leoj, pcoj daktlou, t d' yoj dphcu, gnasi dieilhmmnoj, k diasthmtwn meiznwn
perikemenoj t flla, karpn cwn n kluxi, platn, kofon,
curdh prj tn to sfondulou zan, makrn, moan ristolocev,
pacean, pikrn. genntai n yhlottaij krwreaij ka n suskoij
tpoij ka ndroij. culzetai d qlasqesa ka brecqesa n dati
f' mraj pnte peita yhqesa n t dati, crij n percwsin
a zai ka met toto yce t dwr dihqetai n qonJ ka
yetai, crij n gnhtai melitdej t sustsei, ka potqetai n

505

 ,
(, 8.47.8898).
(Aristolochia spp., .
) ,
,
.

,
, .
, ,
.
, . , ,
. Potentilla spp.
.
2 5 ml, ,
, 0,5 1 drahms (1,945 3,89 gr).
2 8 grains (0,13 0,52 gr), 0,5 1 oz (15,55
31,1 gr), 0,5 1 drahms (1,945 3,89 gr).
,
.
2 ( 62,2 gr) ,
1 ( 31,1 gr) 0,5
( 15,55 gr) , 1 quart
( 1.14 lt) 2 .
, .
, Stockton
Bitters, (Acorus calamus L.)
Angostura Bitters.

, , ,
, ,
. (Holmes, 1994):
1. ,
, , .
Qi
straknJ ggeJ.
898

`Uplaton 'Iostou, katgon e tn pon n t gastr

ka ma tn te qraka tn te kefaln lafrnon.
Ecei d kolokunqdoj Aguptaj to ntj lb, prsion ka
camadrun ka stoicda kaston n id, gentiann d ka garikn
kteron ib, ka bdllion ka nardstacun ka krkon ka kinnmwmon
kaston h, kasan d ka sconou nqoj ka t leukn pperi ka t
makrn ka skllan ptn $ ka to kentaurou tj zhj d lea
pnta katamgnutai dieqnti t bdellJ feymati pnakoj ka mliti
katfqJ lambnetai d' ato mgeqoj kumou pr tn sitwn.

506

 , , .

, , ( ), (
Qi ).
2. -, .
a. - : , ,
, , .
, .
b. : , ,
, , , .
c. - :
, , .
, ,
.
d. - :
,
.
3. , ,
.
a. : , , (, ).
, ,
, , , ,
( , Yang Ming
Shao Yang).
,
,
. 4 8 gr 1 3
ml (3 ).
( 1), .

( Qi ).

. .
,
,
.
,
. ,

. Long Dan Cao
( Gentiana scabra Bge.) (Holmes, 1994).
,
, ,
,
- .
, , , , ,
. 3 9 gr (Hong-Yen
et al., 1986).
507

 Qin Jiao (qn jio, , Gentiana macrophylla Pall.

G. dahurica Fisch.) ,
, ,
. (, 2011):
1. ,
,
.
( Bi).

,
( ...) ,
.
2. .
( ).
( ),
, , ,
,
.
3. Yin ( ).

.
4. .
.
( )

(isogentisin 1,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone)
(Schmieder et
al., 2007).
.
DPPH
(Kusar et al., 2006).

,
(Oztrk et al., 2002).

,
. ,
, Qi ,
,
( ).
-, ,
- (

508

, ), , -
( , ,
) - (.. ).
, ,
( , , , ,
, , , Yang
Ming Shao Yang).

509

 12:

510



.


,
(Hydropathy Hydrotherapy) Vincenz Preissnitz
(1799-1851), (Orthopathy) Herbert Shelton (1895-1985)
(Naturopathy) Benedict Lust (1872-1945).
,
( ),
. 200

.

, -
,
.

,
.
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
altering ()
Holmes (1997)
.
.
(eliminating)
/
(, , .).
xiao fa (reducing) .
, , ,
.
'
(restoratives)
(drainers).
. ,
, .

:

511

1. :
a. ,
. ,
.

.
(.. ,
, ), (.. , ,
) (.. , ginkgo).
( )
.
b.
,
, .
,
.
, . , ,
, .
(.. )
(.. , Solidago virgaurea L.).
2. E :
( , .).

,
(.. ).
( ) ,
.
, ,
, , , , ,
.
Jing . ,
.
(.. , , )
(.. , he shou wu), Yin
( ) -
(.. , , huang qi, , shu
di huang), (.. ginseng,
, ling zhi).
(.. ),
.
3. .
.

, . ,
, ,
( ) .
512

 , , ,
, ,
. ,
.
.
(
).
.
Holmes (1997)
:
1. , -.
, ,
-.
, , , ,
, , , , ,
,
, . ,
.
.
2. , .
,
( ).
, ,
(.. ),
(.. ), (.. ) .
, , .
.
, .
( Ban Bian Lian,
Lobelia chinensis Lour.).
,
.

, ,
,
.
, Ayurveda
() .
20 . (,
, , , , ,
.) .
( Hg2Cl2),
, ,
, , ,

513

. ( HgS)
.
,
, ( Bi ).
(. 15:
).

514


Arctium lappa L.
: Arctium majus Bernh., Arctium
chaorum Klokov, Lappa glabra Lam., Lappa
major Gaertn., Lappa officinalis All.
: Asteraceae ( Compositae)
: Radix Arctii, Fructus
Arctii
: , (
.),
: , ,
, , ,
,
: burdock, beggars buttons,
cocklebur
: glouteron, bardane
: Groe Klette, Klisse,
Dackenkraut
: ,
: , (), , ()
: ( Qi), , ,
: , , , , (Holmes, 1997) / , , , (Ross, 2003)
: , ,
, ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, , , Qi
, ,
: -
: -
: (), (),
( )
: 6-12 gr ( ), 24 36 ml
1-4 ml 5-10 ml (1:10 45% , 3 )
: Niu Bang Gen ( Arctium lappa L.), Niu Bang
Zi ( Arctium lappa L.)
: ( ),
, Qi

(Arctium majus Bernh., Arctium chaorum

Klokov, Lappa glabra Lam., Lappa major Gaertn., Lappa officinalis All.)
. (1914)
515

 , (
, 4.106), , ,
, .
.
, (. , 1914 , 2000
). (.
), (
, 11..61). ,
.

, , ,
(lignans). (0,002%) : polyacetylenic C13
alkylenes ( arctinone-a, arctinols, arctinal
). 1% , 60 ,
(sesquiterpene lactones),
dehydrocostus lactone 11, 13- dihydrodehydrocostus lactone.
1,9 3,65% ,
, .
, (arctiin)
(arctigenin) - (neo-arctin B).
( ),
45%, , . (Ross, 2003).

( , 4.106899)
1 (3,4 gr) (),
(. , 2.40.1900)
. ,
. .
(1.218.1)
. (
899

rkion, o d proswpda, o d prospion kalosin moia t flla cei toj tj koloknqhj, mezona mntoi
ka sklhrtera ka melntera, dasa kauloj d pa, za
meglh ka leuk, tij bohqe poqesa dracmj mij plqoj
met stroblwn amoptuikoj ka mpuikoj paei ka t k
tn lugismn per t rqra lgmata kataplassomnh lea
ka t flla d felmwj p tn palain lkn kataplttetai.
RV: rkion proswpda o d prospion, o d
potamogetwn, o d snhpi Persikn, o d pankeia, o d
krn<a>ion, o d qlspi, o d parnhn, `Rwmaoi perswnkiam, o d lppam.
900

rkou zhj a met datoj ka stroblwn m pinomnh,

3,4 gr 40 ( ).

516

 , 11.837901) ,
, ,
.

30 cm ( 1 m) 2,5 cm.
(alterative)
.
,
.
(),
.
, , .

, . ,
,
(Grieve, 1931).
Essiac,
Rene Caisse 1934
1942
. Ojibwa
8 . Essiac
:

6 (52 oz 1,617 kg)

1 pound (373,242 gr) Rumex acetosella,
1/4 pound (93,31 gr) Ulmus rubra
1 oz (31,10 gr) (Rheum officinale)

. 30 gr 1 lt (31,10 gr 946 ml ),
10 .
.
.
(Snow & Klein, 2001).

, . ,
, , .
(Holmes, 1997):

901

[nq. Per trou rktou.] T d' teron rktion,

d ka proswpda kalosin, o t flla toj tj koloknqhj stn moitata, pln sJ mezw te ka sklhrtera, diaforhtikn mn stin ka xhrantikn. cei d ti
ka stuptikn metrwj, di toto ato ka t flla
palain lkn stin atik.

517

1. ,
,
.
a. , , ,
, , , ,
, (
, , , ,
).
b. , , ,
, (, , ,
, , , , ,
, , , ).
2. ,
, ,
.
a. :
, , , (
, ,
, , ,
, ., ,
, ).
.
3. Qi ,
.
a. Qi : ,
().
b. Qi : , ,
().
4. , ,
.
a. : , ,
, ( ,
, , ,
).
5. , ,
Qi .
a. Qi :
() , , (
, ).
b. Qi:
( ).
.
6. .
, ( , , ),
, ,
( ).
,
.
. ,
518

 .

.

( , .. ).
.
6 12 gr () 1 4 ml (3
)902.
( , , ,
) .

(.. Taraxacum officinale
Urtica spp., . ) (.. Zingiber
officinalis).
, .
,
,
. (Arctium lappa),
(Achillea millefolium, Asteraceae, . ),
(Agrimonia eupatoria, Rosaceae, . ),
(Verbena officinalis, Verbenaceae)
(Veronica officinalis, Scrophulariaceae).
,
, ,
, (Holmes, 1997).
(Niu Bang
Zi) (Arctium lappa L.) (Niu Bang Gen).
,
. ,
, , ,
.
, , ,
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
(in vitro in vivo),
(in vitro) (
Knipping et al., 2008 Zhao et al., 2009 ).

(dermal extracellular matrix)
in vivo (Knott et al., 2008).

902

2 6 gr 3 ,
6 18 gr. 8 12 ml (1:10 45% ), 3
, 24 36 ml . Ross
1 2 ml 5 10 ml (BHMA, 1983). Grieve (1931)
1 (31,1 gr) 1 pint ( 850 ml)
570 ml, 3 4 45 60 ml , 9,84
13,12 gr.

519

 (Wu et al.,
2009).
(Li et al., 2008). ( Althaea
officinalis L., Malvaceae, . ),
( Prunus persica L.)

. ,
(Sutovska et al., 2007).
(
) (Kardosov & Machov, 2006).

. ,
(,
, , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, , , ).
, ,
(, , , ,
, , ,
, ).
,
( , , ).
,
(, ), Qi
, .
.
, ( , , ), ,
,
( ).

520


Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.
Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Mrat.
Leontodon tuberosus L.
: Asteraceae ( Compositae)
: Radix Taraxaci
cum Herba, Folium Taraxaci, Radix Taraxaci.
: (
),
: ,
,
: dandelion (
dent de lion, )
: pissenlit (
)
: Lwenzahn, Kuhblume, Rhrleinkraut, Butterblume.
: , ( )
: , ,
: , [ Ross (2003)], ,
, ,
: , , , , [ , , , Ross (2003)]
: ,
,
, ,
, , Qi
, ,
, , Yin ,
,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, , ,
: -
:
: : - , :

: 4-10 gr (, 3 ), 2-5 ml (
1:5, 25% , 3 ), 30 gr 700 gr
(), 50 gr 1 lt (), 5-10 ml / 2
10-20 ml / 3 ( )
: Pu Gong Yin (Herba Taraxaci Mongolici cum
Radice, Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.).
:
( , , ),
( )
521

, (..
trimethoprim).

, , ,
,
Cichorium.
,
903.
19 . Scweighaeuser (1801-7)

Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.904 ,
, , ( ,
7.7) ( , 7.8). ,
,
, 905 ( , 7.11),
.
, ( , 7.7)
906,
(Cichorium spp.)907, 908.
,

(2.133909).

Chondrilla (Chondrilla juncea L., C. ramosissima L.). (1914)
, (sic) Leontodon
tuberosus L. [ Thrincia tuberosa (L.) DC.].
,
Linnaeus Leontodon taraxacum L.910
(Cichorium spp.) (
903

Schauenberg & Paris (1981), (1999), (2000),

Ivanchenko (..).
904
(1914) (1931) Taraxacum gymnanthum.
905
,
. ,
(6.2.8 7.3.1).
906
Tn d rourawn legomnwn met tata hton...
907

ka lwj sa kicoridh kaletai di tn moithta tn fllwn...

908

`H d pocoirj leiotra ka merwtra t prosyei ka glukutra ka oc sper

cndrulla
909

sti d ka teron edoj condrlhj, fllon d cei peribebrwmnon, prmhkej, p gj strwmnon, kauln d po
mestn, zan d leptn, pakmon, kofhn, strogglhn, pxanqon, po mestn.
910

Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Mrat.

522

 , 12.119.11). , ,
, Leontodon - ,
Picris Hypochaeris.
,
Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg., Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Mrat.
Leontodon tuberosus L.,
. Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.
,
.
( , 15.8-16.1):
.
911. (2.38912)
,
, 17 .
, Abu ibn Sina ( )
Mohammad Zakariyya Razi (Rhazes),
(Delaveau et al., 1981).
1000 ..
- tharakhchakon913.
1485 .
Hieronymus Bock 1534
(Holmes, 1997). Gerard (, 2000)
(The Herbal,
1636, . Woodward, 1927).
, .
(dandelion dent de lion ),
dens leonis, ,
. 19
20
, , .

(Eclectics) ,
(Holmes, 1997). Lyle (1932),
Ellingwood (1919)914, Felter & Lloyd (1898),
Christopher (1976 1996).

,
.

911

.
, , , .
913
.
914

,
(http://www.swsbm.com/Ellingwoods/Ellingwoods.html)
Michael Moore (9 1941 20 2009).
912

523


H (latex) ,
, ( 2% 18% 915, Czygan, 1990)
. ( , 1998)

(sesquiterpene
lactones)

( 11,13 ), ( ), , (, ),
(, ), (: 14.000iu/100g , , C
D) ( 3,5-4,5% , Fe, P
Mn).
.
O (choline),
(neurin) cancronie
Adamkiewicz (Boericke, 1927).
X
,

.
,
.
,
( , 2.133916).
(Cichorium spp.) ( ,
12.119.11), (,
12.156.13917).
(Radix Taraxaci cum Herba).
, , , , ,
,
(, 1969).
,
918. E , 919.
915

, .
916
dnamin d' cei kaulj ka t flla peptikn. d
pj tricn tn n blefroij nakollhnikj. fetai d n
gedesi ka rgasmoij cwroij.
917
Condrlh. ka tathn nioi srin nomzousin.
sti gr pw tj atj kenhj dunmewj,
pln son plon cei t ppikron n t gesei, ka di
toto xhrotra tn dnamn stin.
918

Kortum (1745-1824) (, 1998).

524

 ,
(Delaveau et al., 1981).
50-60 gr . K
50 gr
1 lt , (, 1972). T
, , . A
, ,
( 30 gr 700 gr ) . E
,
(, 1972).
. (4-10 gr , 3
)
, (Chichiricco et
al., 1980).
H M-A (, 1935)
.
, ,
.
(Cichorium spp.).
, . O (1959)
( Picci, 1980). O
,
, , , .

.
(Arctium lappa L., .
) (dandelion
and burdock). 1265
.
(.. Fentimans).
Berkshire Worcestershire
(dandelion wine),
( , .). ,

(dandelion beer),
Grieve (1931)920.
Holmes (1997)
( )
.
919

Hieronymus Bock
(1498-1554), , ,
16 , New Kreterbuch, Strasburg 1534 1546.
920
, (Urtica spp.) (Rumex
crispus). Holmes (1997) (ginger, Zingiber officinalis),
A Modern Herbal, !
Lyle (1932).
.

525


(freeze dried extract).
.
.
:
1. -. ,

.
- ( ,
, ), Qi
- (, , ,
), ,
, (,
, , , ),
, .
2. , ,
.
( , ,
, , ),
, , ,
, , , , PID, ,
, .
3. ,
, .

( , , ), (,
, ) , , ,
, (,
, , , , ,
, (depository diathesis)
, , .
,
(, ).
4. Yin , ,
, .
,
. . :
a. Yin ( ),
, , , , ,
(
, ,
, , , , ),
, (
).

526

b. : ,
, , , .
.
c. .
.
,
, (heartburn) .
( ),
.
,
(Holmes, 1997).
,
(tropho-restorative),
(antidyskratic detoxicant). (,
),
Qi ,
.

. ,
, Yin ,
,
.

.

(interstitial fluids)921. ,
.

, (.. )
.
922
Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.
, - .
, , , , ,
923.
.

( ) ,
, .. (
). ,
.
921

(Equisetum spp.), .
Chang & Butt (1986)
Pu Gong Ying.
923
(2011), . 241: Pu Gong Ying (Herba Taraxaci Mongolici
Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.), Bensky et al., 1993, Ross, 2003.
922

527

 Ayurveda ,
.

: , .

.
, ,
, .
,
, (Holmes, 1997). Ross (2003)
,
.
:
1. .
,
, .
Gerard (1927). Ross (2003) (
Berberis spp. Rheum spp.) , ,
, , .
2. , .
,
.
(Yuan, 1976)
(Jiangsu College, 1977).
3. .
4. - .
5. Yin , , ,
( )
,
.
, .
,
trimethoprim (Sun, 1979).

528

Qi , ,
, ,

,
,

, ,
,
,
, ,

,
, ,
, , ,

(, 1998):
1. 4-10 gr , 3 .
2. ( 1:5, 25% ), 2-5 ml, 3 .
3. , 5-10 ml, 2 10-20 ml, 3
(Holmes, 1997).
4. 30 gr 700 gr ( 3 ), 50 gr
1 lt ( 3 ), 6-16 gr
( 3 ) (Holmes, 1997).
O (Boericke, 1927 Farrington, 1908)
,
. X
, , , ,
tela aranea ( ).
X 3 ,
3-6,5 gr . H ,
.

(Mascolo et al., 1987b Tita et al., 1993),
(Luo et al., 1993), (Chabrol et al., 1931,
Bssmaker, 1936, Bhm, 1959) (Kim et al.,
2000).

529



,
, .

() .
(, ).
,
, .
, ,
( ,
), Qi
(, , , ,
, , , , , ,
).
, Yin ,
,
, , .
Yin (, ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, , ),
( , , ,
, , , ). ,
.
, ,
.
( , , , ,
), , ,
, , ,
, , PID, , .
,
, .
( , ,
), (, , ),
, , .
, (, ,
, , , , ,
(depository diathesis), , ,
.
, , ,
(, ).

530


Cichorium intybus L.
Cichorium endivia L.
Cichorium spinosum L.
: Asteraceae ( Compositae)
:
:
( ).
: ,
, (C. spinosum,
)
: wild chicory, wild
succory
: chicore sauvage,
laidron, yeux de chat, ecoubette
: Wegwarte, Zichorie,
Wegweiss, Sonnenbraut
:
: , ,
: , ,
,
: , , , ,
: , ( ,
, o , ,
, , ), Yin ,
( , ,
, , .), ,
(, ),
, ( ,
, , ,
, , , ),
,

: -
:
: - - (), -
( ),
,
: 8-18 gr (), 2-5 ml (), 10-15 ml (2-3 )
( )
: : Zhi Mu, Xuan Shen, Sheng
Di Huang, / : He Shou Wu, : Sheng Di Huang
Shu Di Huang
:

531


( )
( , 1.10, 7.7, 7.8 .)
( , 6.622)
(-, , 389).
, ,
( , 2.132924)
,
Cichorium. ,
Cichorium intybus L. ( )925,
() , , Cichorium endivia L.
( ) () , ,
Cichorium spinosum L. ( )926. ,
De Virtutibus Herbarum (-Macer),
927.
.

Cichorium intybus L.
Cichorium endivia L.
Cichorium spinosum L.

( , 2.132)
,
() ,

() ,

, , , (, Na, Ca, P,
Mg, Fe), ( , , , , ),
, , , , (0,1-0,2%),
(0,04-0,11%) () , , 8- (Samuelsson, 1994, , 1998 Kraker,
1998), (, 1999 Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
928
(Georgiades, 1987). :
924

srij gra ka meroj, n mn gra pikrj

kicrion kaletai, tij st ka platufullotra ka estomacwtra tj khpeutj. ka tj khpeutj d dittn edoj
mn gr tj sti qridakwdestra ka platfulloj d stenfulloj ka mpikroj.
925

(.. ,
, 12.574).
926
(1914), Baumann (1982), (2000) Dalby
(2001).
927
: codd. Paris. Gr. 2502, Vindob. med. gr. 23, Londin. reg.
16CII (2.1) codd. Paris. Gr. 2256, Venet. App. Cl. V13, Mosq. 415 (2, ).
928
: 20% (Georgiades, 1987 Stary, 1998),
20-50% (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981), 10-14% (Ivanchenko, ..), 11-14% (Holmes, 1997).

532

- (alpha-amyrin), (taraxerone),
(baurenyl acetate) - (-sitosterol) (Du et al., 1998).

,
( , 54929).
,
( , 2.132930).
, Cichorium intybus L.
.
,
( ,
1.228). , ,
, (
931, , 2.107).
(2.9932)
(Hyoscyamus spp.) (, 2.155933 -,
, 15).
(
, 15).
(, 3.17),
(67.1934).
929

ycei skolopndrion, mnqh, sseli, srij, kaukaldej, perikn, kndai

930

psai d stuptika ka yuktika ka estmacoi. stsi

d ka koilan fqa met' xouj lambanmenai, ka mlista
a griai estomacterai brwqesai gr tononta stmacon
parhgorosi ka kausomenon <ka> kataplassmenai sn lftJ ka kaq' autj, ka kardiakoj esi katplasma crsimoi d ka podgraij ka fqalmn flegmonaj bohqosin.
d pa ka za kataplasqesa skorpioplktoij rgei
ka rusiplasi sn lftJ. sn yimuqJ d ka xei culj
atn pcristoj tn yxewj deomnwn.
931

.
toj d nautintaj ka pladntaj mowj tn stmacon ka xemontaj sthsi pinmena lfita sn onJ,
mgdala gluka prsfata sn t lpei sqimena, grstewj
tj n Parnass sprma, kminon Aqiopikn, nqou sprma
polugnou culj, ka kicrion sqimenon ka srij, ka culj pinmenoj
932

933

prj d oskamon gla, melkraton sn glakti neJ, [kraton pnein, men] markinon mron, tlij
sn laJ, kndhj sprma sn onJ t flla, krdamon,
npu, kicrion, fanoj, suczein te de <atoj> nagkzein,
na sper tn onon kpsswsi.
934

'Afrikano per sukn ka murmhkin ka

krocordnwn. Murmhkai esn swmtwn kfseij tra-

533


( ) (
, 11.214, 11.215
, 13.173, 13.206). (
, 6.794935). , 936
( , 12.119937) ,

938 ( ,
, 13.206, 13.208 13.232,
, 14.374, 14.376 14.457).
( ,
, 12.573 , 14.321 14.400).

(, 2.459939).
( , IX.30),
,

csin loij proseoikuai, gnontai d polloj pollaco. murmhkaj d kalosin t pqoj, pollo deisidamonej
ka shme tinoj atoj sumbhsomnou tqentai.
n pallag poiklh ka psi pepeiramnh. o mn gr
pifulxantej orsanta kat gj tn phln nafursantej
pqhkan t tpJ ka t ation t phl sunapkleisan.
lloi d' latrion tryantej ka pitiqntej otw periegnonto. kicorou nqoj, per kurwj liotrpion
kaletai, pr natolj lou felntej *** trj
pergrafe tn tpon ka murmhka pasetai.
935

tn d lacnwn odn mn ecumon, n mJ d' ecmwn te ka

kakocmwn qrdax tn, eta malch ka met' atn trfax te
ka ndrcnh ka blton ka lpaqon. ctw d kakcuma pnt'
tn, kaloin gria lcana, qridaknh, condrlh, kndix, giggdion,
ri, kicrion.

936

(. 14).
[z. Per srewj.] Srij ppikrn sti lcanon ka
mllon t grion. per ka di' at toto pikrda prosagoreousin nioi, tinj d kicrion nomzousin. sti d'
at xhrj mn ka yucrj krsewj mftera kat tn
prthn pstasin cousa. d' meroj p mllon mn
ycei tj graj, pimixv d pollj qnaj grthtoj
pllusi t xhranein. mfterai d metcousi tj stufoshj poithtoj, sper ka condrlh ka gr at
srewj edj stin.
937

938

1 (38 ml) 3 (114 ml) .

E d ka purttousin o contej tn deron, o de pnu toj
qermanousi kecrsqai ote p tn splgcnwn ote p tn desmtwn
pomtwn ntidtwn kaqarthrwn, ll' rke tn mn lacnwn
lambnein t te ntubon ka t trximon kaukalda giggda mignumnhn
totoij ka kicrion d mlista tn selnwn tj kefalj.
939

534

 ( , 3.59940)
(, 3.64).
()
(2.38)941.
(Ibn Sina)
( ),
( ,
) . ,

: , , (Holmes, 1997).

, ,
.
.
. ,
,
. ,
(cafe de chicoree, sucory),
(, 2000 .).
1806,

(, 1999 Stary, 1998). (1916)
, .
, ,
.
, ,
, 942.
.
, , , ,
, , .
, ,
(, 1959, , 1999).
, .
, ,
(), ( , 1999),
(Grieve, 1931).
.

940

trofa d ta mn perkenoumnai lgaimo te ka prittoi

rmzoui ka xhrantika ka tfouai, o tin te plut cndro di' xukrtou ka ruza ka lix ka tn lacnwn ntub te ka
kicria ka ndrcnh ka tn onwn o tfonte

941

, .
Heraud (1949) ,
( & , 1948).

942

535

 943.
, ,
,

. ,
944.
.
.
(Grieve, 1931). (Georgiades,
1987) .

, (Ivanchenko, ..).

(Grieve, 1931 Stary, 1998),
(Grieve, 1931).
Holmes (1997)
. , .
. ,
. .
Yin ,
(Holmes, 1997), .
,
. : Yin
,
, , , , ,
( ,
.) , , ,
, (,
, , .).
,
(), .
, ()
. Qi
, , ,
Qi
, , , ,
( , , ).
, ()
, .
( , ,
no ), (,
943

(Urtica spp.) (Betula spp.),

(Sambucus nigra).
944
(Rheum spp.) ( , 1931 & , 1948)
.

536

, , , ),
,
, , (
), ,
(, ( ).
, Holmes (1997)
, ().
( )
, , ,
, (,
, , (
). ,
, , ,
(, , ).
, .

.
,
.
(, )
Yang Ming, Shao Yang Shao Yin
.
, ,
.
(),
.
Zhi Mu, Xuan Shen Sheng Di
Huang. ,
Qi ,
.
.
,
.
,
(jing), , , ,
. He Shou Wu,
.
Sheng Di Huang Shu Di Huang
.
:
1. 1
250 ml , 2 (, 1959)945.
(1972) : 10 gr 1 lt
20 gr 1 lt .
945

3 Stary (1998).

537

2. . 3
(, 1959).
3. 30 gr 600 ml (Grieve,
1931) 25 gr 350 ml (, 1916).
4. 500
690 (, 1931).
5. (Siropus Cichorii cum Rheo)
, , ,
(7,50:7,50:30:1,25:400) 350 650
(, 1931).
6. .
1937 Arullani 1940 Ploese
(, 1998), .

,
.
(Gadgoli & Mishara, 1995 1997).
,
,
(CCl4) (acetaminophen) (Gilani & Janbaz,
1994). (esculetin)
(Gilani et al., 1998).
()
, Bifidobacteria
, .
Bifidobacteria
, bifidogenesis (Roberfroid, 1997
Roberfroid et al., 1998).
, HDL
LDL (Kim & Shin, 1998).

, ,
(Pieroni et al., 2000).
(Commission E)
(Blumenthal et al., 1998).

1. ,
:
a. ( , ,
).
b. (, ,
, , ).
c. ,
, ,
( ).

538

d. ,
(,
).
2. Yin , :
a. Yin ,
, , ,
, , (
, .).
b. , , ,
, (,
, , .).
3. , :
a. Qi ,
, , .
b. Qi , , , ,
, ( , ,
).
4. , :
a. ( ), ,
, , ,
(,
, , .
b. ,
, , , (,
, ).
.
Yin , ,
.

539


Plantago major L.
Plantago lanceolata L.
Plantago media L.
: Plantaginaceae
: Folia Plantaginis
: , ,
:
: greater plantain (P. major),
ribwort plantain (P. lanceolata), hoary plantain (P.
media)
: grand plantain (P. major),
plantain lancol (P. lanceolata), plantain
intermediaire (P. media)
: Breitwegerich (P. major),
Spitzwegerich (P. lanceolata), Mittlere Wegerich (P.
media)
: : , ,
2 & 2, & , &
& ,

: , ,
: , , , &

: , , , (;)
: , ,
, ,
( , - ),
, ,
(- , ,
), Qi ,
( Qi ), ,
-, Qi ,
(- , -
), ,

: -
:
: - ( )
: 10 ml (2 ), 8-16 gr (
), 2-4 ml (3 ), P. lanceolata L.
, 3-15 gr 9-30 gr
: Che Qian Cao () ( Plantago asiatica
L.), Che Qian Zi () ( P. asiatica L. P. depressa Willd. var. asiatica
L.)

540

: ,
Yang Qi ( )

(1914)
Plantago lagopus L. ( ,
2.126946), (, 2.126)
Plantago major L.,
Plantago afra L. ( Plantago psyllium L.) ( ,
4.69947) Plantago coronopus L.
( , 2.130948). , ,
Plantago ,
( ,
7.11.2), , ( , 4.11949), ,
.
, Plantago afra
L. Plantago coronopus L. .

946

rnglwsson, o d ptpleuron, o d polpleuron dittn sti, t mn mikrn t d mezon. cei d t

mn mikrn flla stentera ka mikrtera ka leitera, kauln gwnioeid, [ka] keklimnon j p tn gn, nqh cr, t
d sprma p' krJ t kaul. t d mezon eernsteron,
platfullon, lacandej kaulj d ka p totJ gwnioeidj,
pruqroj, yoj pcewj, k msou mcri korufj strmati
periecmenoj lept. zai d peisin pala, daseai, leuka,
pcoj daktlou. genntai d prj toj tlmasi ka fragmoj
ka <n> nkmoij tpoij ecrhstteron d t mga.
947

yllion o d kunokfalon, Sikelo d krustllion,

o d kunmuian kalosi fllon cei korwnpodi moion, das,
klnaj d spiqamiaouj ka t lon d botnion cortdej.
rcetai d ato kmh p msou to kaulo, keflia do
tra p' krou sunestrammna, n oj sprma ylloij oikj, mlan, sklhrn fetai n roraij.
948

korwnpouj prmhkj sti botnion, kat to dfouj katestrwmnon, katescismnon t flla lacaneetai d
ka toto fqn.
949

lsteon pa st mikr pr gj j trin daktlwn tessrwn flla d cei ka klmata korwnpodi paraplsia grstei, stuptik, zan d sfdra leptn j
trca, leukn, ondh, mkoj d daktlwn tessrwn fetai
n gewlfoij.

541


Plantago lagopus L.
Plantago lanceolata L.

(. 2.126)

(, 1909)
()
,

Plantago major L.

( 2.126)
(. 7.11.2)

Plantago coronopus L.

(. 2.130)

(), ,
, ,
(), ()

Plantago psyllium L.
(. P. afra L.)

(. 4.69)

Plantago lanceolata L.
( ),
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). Plantago major L. 3,4 (3,4-dihydroaucubin), (aucubin),
(baicalein), (baicalin), (catalpol), (hispidulin),
(indicaine), (invertin), (nepetin),
(plantagic acids), (plantagonine), (plantagoside),
(plantease), (planteolic acid) . (Duke, 1992b).
X

(Codex Vindobonensis Med. Gr. 1)
, .
( , 6950).
( , 2.126951)
950

rnglwsson dnamin cei thktikn ka flgmanton kopesa gr met statoj ka pitiqemnh toj t ceirnia
cousin eqete. prj d t loip poie sce...
.
951
dnamin d cei t flla stuptikn, xhrantikn, qen
kataplassmena prj pnta t kakoqh ka lefantintaj
ka eumatik ka kqarta lkh rmzei. pcei d ka amorragaj, nomj, nqrakaj, rphtaj, pinuktdaj poulo
ka crnia lkh ka nmala ka t ceirnia tai ka klpouj parakoll, ka kundhkta ka purkauta, flegmonj,
parwtdaj, fgeqla, coirdaj ka aglwpaj sn lsn piplassmena fele. fqn d t lcanon meq' ln ka
xouj lambanmenon dusenterikoj ka koiliakoj rmzei
ddotai d ka met fakj nt setlou suneymenon, ka
prj leukoflegmataj met t xhrofagsai msh ddotai
pa fq poie d ka pilhmptikoj ka sqmatikoj didomnh. d culj tn fllwn tj n stmati nomj nakaqarei sunecj diakluzmenoj, sn d kimwlv yimuqJ
rusiplata tai, sriggj te gkluzmenoj fele, ka prj

542

 .
, , ,
, , , , ,
, , , , ,
. ,
, ,
.
, ,
( ), 952, (
). .
()
( ).
.
. ,

. ,

( 115 ml) .
(150 ml).
.

953 (
, 19954).
(, 1.51), (,
2.52 .). ( , 11.83811.839955) .
talgaj ka fqalmaj nstazmenoj culj ka kolluroij
misgmenoj, ka prj ola amassmena ka prj ama ngontaj pinmenoj, ka prj fqisikoj ka p dusenterikn
gkluzmenoj pnetai d ka prj fqsin, ka prj sterikj
pngaj prostqetai n rJ ka strv eumatizomnV. ka
karpj d pinmenoj met' onou toj tj koilaj eumatismoj
ka ptseij amatoj pcei. d za feyhqesa ka diakluzomnh at diamaswmnh dontalgaj paei. prj d
t n kstei <lkh> ka nefroj ddotai ka t flla ka
za met glukoj. fas d zaj drj trej poqesaj
met' onou kuqwn trin ka datoj sou tritaJ bohqen,
tetartaJ d tssaraj zaj. nioi d ka ndsmati crntai
taj zaij prj coirdaj diaforosaij.
952

,
.
953
.
954
'Epieik d, [ka po]lgonon t qlu,
ka dintou flla tetrimmna met datoj, ka []mnou flla,
ka lxnh, ka t to triblou flla ka rnglwsson, ka t
p tn telmtwn nqoj, ka lwtj, ka wni totoij katacronta tn sfn naycein t d p atn kataplsmata sson pitdeia crzei gr katadesqai, t d poqlpei, kn pnu
yucr prosfrVj.
955

[x. Per rnoglssou.] 'Arnglwsson. miktj ka

543

 , - ,
-. ,
, , .

. ,
.
, .
, ,
, .

, Gerard
.
, .

. Gerard

. Plantago major
L. Plantago media L. (The Herbal, 62).
Plantago lanceolata L.
,
(Stary, 1998).
, . . T ,
, ,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). O
toto krsej stin. cei mn gr ti ka datdej yucrn,
cei d ti ka asthrn, per st gedej, xhrn yucrn,
ste ycei te ma ka xhranei ka kat' mfw tj deutraj stn postsewj tn mswn. sa d met yxewj
xhr sti frmaka, ka prj lkh kakoqh pnta ka prj
emata ka shpednaj rmttei. ka di toto ka prj
dusenteraj, ka gr ka tj amoagaj sthsi ka, e ti
diakaj, mycei, ka kollhtik klpwn st ka tn llwn
lkn prosftwn te ma ka palain. n pasi d scedn toj toiotoij farmkoij prton odenj deteron
rnglwsson prcei t summetrv tj krsewj. ka gr
xhrthtoj dktou metcei ka yxewj mhdpw narkoshj,
ka karpj d' ato ka a zai paraplhsaj es dunmewj, pln ge ti xhrotraj te ka tton yucrj. ll'
mn karpj leptomersteroj, a d zai pacumersterai.
ka at d t flla tj paj xhranqnta leptomerestraj te ka tton yucrj ggnetai dunmewj, j popnesantoj atn ka diaforhqntoj to datdouj perittmatoj. tat' ra taj mn zaij ka prj dntwn lgmata crntai, diamaswmnaij te ka toj diaklmasin atn neyomnaij. prj d tj kaq' par ka nefroj mfrxeij ka tataij mn, ll ka toj flloij ka pol
mllon ti t karp. metcei gr tinoj panta tata dunmewj uptikj, n ekj enai kn t pv mn clwr,
niksqai d' p to plqouj tj grthtoj.

544

 (1977) ( 55)
956, 640 gr , 640 gr (Mentha spp.,
Lamiaceae), 640 gr ( Cynodon dactylon L.,
Poaceae) (Juniperus communis L.,
Juniperaceae). O (1969)
957, , . ,
(Fol. Plantaginis)
, .
,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). O

(Picci, 1980).
(, 1999).
Plantago major
L. P. lanceolata L. , , ,
. ,
. ,
.
(Holmes, 1994):
1. , ,
, ,
.
a. : , ,
, , .
(
), (
), , ,
(, , , ).
b. - : ,
(
).
c. : , ,

,
,
.
, , .
2. , ()
, .
a. - : ,
, (
).
b. - : , ,
, . , ,

956

(640 gr), (Plantago spp.) (640 gr),

(Mentha spp., Lamiaceae), (640 gr) (Cynodon dactylon L.,
Poaceae) . 3 .
957
, ,
(, 1999).

545

, ( , -
-).
c. - :
, .
d. : ,
,
,
,

.
(,
).
3. Qi ,
. Qi
, , , .
4. , -,
, Qi .
a. - :
, .
b. - : , ,
, ,
. , ,
, .
5. .
( , ),
( , ), ,
, .

( freeze dried extract),
.
. , ,
,
. ,
.
.
10 ml (2 ) 8 16 gr .
(1:5) 2 4 ml, 3 . P.
lanceolata L. (Holmes, 1994).
Che Qian Cao ()
Plantago asiatica L. () (. P. depressa Willd.
var. asiatica L.). ,
.
, , , ,
.
, , .
9 30 gr.
Che Qian Zi ().
, ,
, .
, , ,
546

 . .
3 15 gr (4,5 9 gr Bensky et al., 1993)
. ,
.
,
Yang Qi
(Bensky et al., 1993).
Plantago lanceolata L.
(Shipochliev et al., 1981), (Murai et al., 1995),
(Wegener & Kraft, 1999).
Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago media L.
-
(Hriscu et al., 1990).
(Kunvari et al., 1999).

, ,
, ,
. (
), , ,
, , , , - (
, ),
(, , , , ).
, ,
. -
(, ,
), - (, ,
, , - -),
- (
, ), ( ,
, , , ).
Qi , .
Qi , ,
, .
, -,
, Qi .
- (
, )
- (, ,
, ).
, .
( , ),

547

( , ), ,
, .

548


Centaurium erythraea Rafn.
: Erythraea centaurium (L.) Pers.,
Centaurium minus Moench
: Gentianaceae
: Herba Centaurii
mini
: , ,
(
)
: ,
, , ,

: bitterherb, banwort,
feverfew, feltrine, hurdreve
: petite centaure, fiel de
terre, chirone ( ),
centaurelle
: Tausendguldenkraut ( ),
Erdgall, Fieberkraut, Toter Aurin, Laurinkraut
: []
: , [ ]
: , , ,
: ,
: , , ,
( Qi ),
- () ,
, () (,
), ( Qi ),
( Qi ), , ,
,
:
:
: - ( )
: 10-32 gr 1 lt 6-12 gr (),
64 gr 1 lt, 2-4 ml (1:4 , 3 ),
0,5-2 gr (2 ),
,
: Bai Jiang Cao ( Thlaspi arvensis L.,
Brassicaceae, , Sonchus brachyotus DC.,
Asteraceae, , Patrinia villosa Juss. P. scabiosaefolia Fisch.,
Valerianaceae, ), Pu Gong Ying ( Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.Mazz. T. sinicum Kitag., Asteraceae)
: ( )

549


(1914),
( , 3.7958),
. Centaurea cyanus L. (
Asteraceae) ,
(, 3.6959).
,
960 Rhus coriaria ( ),
Centaurium erythraea .
Centaurea centaurium L. (. Dunglison,
1839 . , ,
2006).

(centapicrin), (erythrosterol),
(gentianidine), (gentianine), (gentiopicrin),
(gentioflavine), (xanthone), (sweroside),
(swertiamarin) . (Duke, 1992b).

958

kentareion t leptn mikrn, tinej limnsion kalosin, peid nkmouj file tpouj. pa
perik ka rignJ paraplsioj, kauln cousa pr spiqamn, gegwniwmnon nqh n t foinik poprfura prj
t tj lucndoj, flla mikr, pomkh, sper phgnou, karpj puroj moioj, za mikr, crhstoj, geuomnJ d mpoie
pikran.
959

kentareion t mga o d nrkhn, <o d gentiann> kalosi. flla cei karv basilik oikta, promkh,
crmati clwr j krmbhj t d periferj atn nttmhtai
sper prwn kauln d cei j lpaqon, dphcun ka
trphcun, parafudaj p tj zhj conta pollj, f' n
kefala moiai mkwni, pomkeij n t perifere, nqoj
kuanzon karpj d moioj knkJ, gkemenoj sper n ridesi toj nqesi, za pacea, stere, barea, per pceij
do, mest culo, drimea met posj styewj ka glukthtoj,
pruqroj mowj d ka culj ruqrj. file d liparn
gn, elion, drumoj ka gelofa pleonzei d n Lukv ka
ntj tj Peloponnsou n Hlidi ka 'Arkadv ka Messhnv
ka per Folhn ka Lkaion ka Kullnhn.
960

. , , 3.2.

550


( , 2.54961)
( , 1967) ( , 2.59962).

, (
, 1.10963) ()
961

Aortra to plemonoj spasqnta pn ortron spasq

to plemonoj, t ptsma leptn ptei, note d amatdej, fronei te ka puretj scei, ka dnh t stqoj ka t metfrenon ka
t pleurn, ka n straf, bssetai ka ptrnutai. Toton n
dnh cV, clismata prostiqnai, ka didnai proofnein kentarion ka dakon, ka lelisfkou flla trbwn, ka mli ka
xoj picwn ka dwr, didnai kataofnein
, , , , .
. ,
( Daucus carota L.) (Salvia officinalis L.)
, .
962
`O plemwn prospesn j t pleurn n plemwn prj
t pleurn prospsV, bx scei ka rqopnoh, ka salon bssetai
leukn, ka dnh t stqoj ka t metfrenon scei, ka qei
proskemenoj, ka dokei ti gkesqai bar n tosi stqesi, ka
kentousin dnai xeai, ka trzei oon msqlhj, ka tn pnoin
pcei ka p mn t ponon ncetai katakemenoj, p d t
gij o, ll dokei ti at oon kkrmasqai bar k to pleuro, ka diapnein dokei di to stqeoj. Toton loein qerm
poll dj tj mrhj, ka melkrhton pipskein, ka k to loutro, onon leukn kerannj ka mli lgon, ka dakou karpn
tryaj ka tj kentaurhj, diej totoisi, didnai cliarn kataofnein ka prostiqnai prj t pleurn j skeon j boehn kstin dwr cliarn gcwn, ka tainV sunden t stqea, ka kesqai
p t gij, ka tn culn didnai tj ptisnhj cliarn, ka pipnein onon dara.
. ,
. .
,
. .
. ,
, .
.
.
, , .
,
. .
.
Guido
Manjo (1975), Littr (1851)
( )

.
, Majno
(misconception).
,
.
963

'Oxteron d ponontwn flba kat gkna

tmnein e d ka j t polepoito tj flegmonj, kataplssein, t mn prta lerJ n melikrtJ fq, t lnou sprmati,

551

(, 15.7964).
965 (, 3.38.5).
,
( , 15.12-17.12).

.
,
966.
, 967.
,
, (
, 3.7968). .
peita d ka tj camaiptuoj msgein, ka to polou, ka brotnou d msgein, ka tj bruwnaj, ka to phgnou, ka yinqou, ka kentaurou, ka rtemisaj, ka tj camadruoj tn fllwn, ka to srou, ka tj sconou to nqouj
964

Cr d toj] lloij klusmoj toj scurotroij cr[sqai toiata

d] klsmat sti sikuwnaj te pbregma ka lle[brou mlanoj], ka melanqou, ka kentaurou prj gr tn asqhsin sumfrei.
965

, , .
,
, coln ka mxa
kaqaron ( , 7.4.7).

966

967

Huai Niu Xi ( Achyranthes bidentata Blume)

.
968
ath koptomnh clwr ka kataplassomnh traumtwn
st kollhtik ka nakaqartik lkn palain ka poulwtik
feyhqesa d ka pinomnh gei kat koilan coldh ka
paca, gklusm te t fyhma atj p sciadikn rmdion, gon ama ka koufzon. d culj prj te t fqalmik
ecrhstoj, pokaqarwn t piskotonta taj kraij sn mliti, ka n prosqtJ mmnwn gwgj ka mbrwn poqej
d rmzei toj per nera pqesin dwj.
culzetai d sullegomnh pa gkmwn sprmatoj ka
pobrecomnh mraj pnte, eta yetai, cri n percV t
dwr eta yugn lzetai di' qonou ifqeshj tj paj ka
plin yetai mcri melitdouj sustsewj. nioi d clwrn
gkmona atn kyantej kqlbousi tn culn ka balntej
ej kerameon kniston ggeon n lJ sustrfousi, kinontej e xlJ ka t periphgnmenon poxontej ka t
gr msgontej skepzontj te nuktj pimelj gr drsoj kwlutik tj tn grn culn sustsewj kaqsthken.
sa mn on k xhrn tn izn botann culzetai,
ymena skeuzetai j gentian sa d' k floin grn
izn botann kqlibomnwn, n lJ sustrfetai, j proerhtai. otwj ka qaya ka mandragraj ka mfkion ka
t moia totoij culzetai lkion mntoi ka ynqion ka
pokistj ka t moia totoij ymena sustrfetai, nper
trpon proerhtai.

552

 .
.
,
. ,
,
,
, ,
969.
, .
, , ,
. (Thapsia garganica L.),
(Mandragora officinarum L.), ( )
. (Lycium barbarum L. vulgare), (Artemisia sp.),
(Cytinus hypocystis) , ,
.
,
, .
, , ., ,
(
, 12.20-12.22970).
969

, ..
(. ).
970
[ih. Per kentaurou mikro.] Kentaurou to
mikro mn za pantpasin praktoj, o d klnj ge
ka mllon t flla t p' atn ka t nqh crhsimtata. krate d' n atoj pikr poithj, lgon ti ka
styewj metcousa, ka di tn toiathn krsin scurj
xhrantikn sti t frmakon, neu dxewj. ti d pnta
t toiata crhsimtera ka prsqen mn erhtai ka nn
d' odn tton namnsai kairj, psaj ato tj kat
mroj nergeaj dielqntej. t te on megla tramata kolltai kataplattmena, tj paj atj ti prosftou, ka
t palai d ka t duskatolwta tn lkn poulotai,
kat tn atn trpon crwmnwn, ka xhranqesa d taj
kollhtikaj te ka xhrantikaj mgnutai dunmesin, sai
klpouj ka sriggaj sqai pefkasi, ka tj palaij
sklhrthtaj malssein ka t kakoqh tn lkn sqai.
mgnutai d toj tj eumatikj diaqseij wmnoij, f' n
rista frmak stin sa xhranonta sfodrj ma tin
styei mhdeman cei dxin. t d' fyhma tj paj nis
tinej sciadikoj, j gon coldh te ka paca, ka gr
kaqarei toiata, ka mn d ka tan nergsV sfodrj,
j amatdh kenon, fele mllon. d culj ato
plhsaj prcwn dunmewj, toutsti tj xhrantikj te ka
uptikj, t te lla t proeirhmna kalj rgzesqai pfuke ka met mlitoj palefetai toj fqalmoj, mmhn
te prostiqmenoj gei ka mbrua. didasi d' ato pnein
nioi ka toj t nera peponqsin, j kenontj te ka
xhranontoj lpwj t mpeplasmna. ka gr on ka tn
kaq' par mfrxewn ristn sti frmakon, gaqn d
ka splhn skioumnJ, ka xwqen mn pitiqmenon, odn
d tton e ka pnein tij qlei.

553

 ( ),
.
.
(;), .
.

.

( ),
( ) ( , .193971).
.
().
, ,
Novaesium ( Neuss
). ,
.
(Majno, 1975972). ,
,

,
.
.

,
.
,
.
, (Stary, 1998).
(Schauenberg &
Paris, 1981), , ( &
, 1948).
. , ,
,
,
( & , 1948).
tiqmenon, odn d tton e ka pnein ti qloi. de d tn pan
culzein tan kmaiotth t ka gkmwn to nqou. ddotai d
to culo n o a dato qermo ka ln lgwn ka braco
xou ka kaqarei gennaw tn melagcolikn cumn. t d kmh
koptomnh ka n fq mliti ka ymati e kollria naplattomnh ka kaqiemnwn atn rigg te pericarei ka
tlou xarei. p d ciadikn to kormbou kya ea ddou
ntei koclirion n dati qerm p mra g ka pleou. qaumqh gr pnu nerg ka pr plupa d n muktri xhrn ppae.
971

972

Centaurium umbellatum Gilib., Flora

Europaea (Tutin et al., 1993). Centaurium umbellatum
Centaurium erythraea Rafn.

554

 -, (10-32 gr 1 lt ),
( 1:4) (64 gr 1 lt ).

.
:
1. , . ,
, .
Qi ,
, , , , ,
( , ,
).
2. - .
.
a. - ( , , ,
): ( Shao Yang).
b. : , , , ,
.
3. ( , )
:
a. , ( ).
b. .
4. . ,
.
a. Qi ( ,
): .
b. Qi (, , ): ,
( , ,
).
5. .
: ( ),
( ), , ,
, , (
).
,
,
.
. ( )
.
(pessaries, sitzbaths), , .
6-12 gr ,
2-4 ml, 3 . ,
(Holmes, 1997).
, .
(0,5-2 gr 2 ).

(Haloui et al., 2000),
555

 (Valentao et al., 2001)

(Kumarasamy et al., 2002).

, , ,
, ( Qi
, , , , ,
).
- ,
(- , ,
, , , , ,
, ).
( ) (,
).
, ,
( Qi ,
, , Qi ,
, , , ).
,
( , ..
, , , , ,
).

556


ypericum perforatum L.
: Clusiaceae ( Hypericaceae)
: Oleum
Hypericum, Flora et Folia Hypericum
:
:
, , ,
, , ,

: touch and heal, amber,

rosin rose, witches herb, St. Johns wort,
Klamath weed
: millepertuis, herbe de
St-Jean, chasse-diable, herbe aux piqures
: Wundkraut,
Blutkraut, Tausendlcherkraut,
Frauenkraut, Konradskraut, Donnerkraut,
Hexenkraut
: , [Holmes (1997): , ] [Ross: ]
: , ,
: ,
: [Holmes (1997) , , ], [Ross (2003) , , ]
: ,
, , ,
, ( ), ,
Qi ( , ,
), ( ),
, Qi - ,
( ), ( ),
.
: -
:
: -,

: 16-32 gr 1 lt (1-2 ), 1530 gr 1 lt (1 ), 1-6 gr (10 , 3
), 16-32 ,
32 gr 1 lt , 30 gr 500 ml 15-20
, 100 gr 1 lt .
:
: ( ),
, HIV
,

557

 ,
, .

(1914) Hypericum
perforatum L., Hypericum perfoliatum L.,
Hypericum empetrifolium Willd. Hypericum
triquetrifolium Turra (H. crispum).
973. Hypericum
triquetrifolium Turra (H. crispum) . 974.
(3.154975)
,
( , , )
. ( )
(, 3.155976) ( ),
(, 3.156977), 978. 979 ( )
973

& , 1948 , 1959.

, 1906
, 1921 1926
.
975
perikn o d ndrsaimon, o d krion, o d
camapitun di t tn per t sprma smn oiknai htnV
pitunV. flla cei phgnJ moia qmnoj fruganoeidj, spiqamiaoj, pruqroj, nqoj <cwn> leukoJ moion, lobn d
pdasun, promkh n t perifere, mgeqoj kriqj, n
sprma mlan htnhj zon. fetai d n rgasmoij ka tracsi cwroij.
RV: pganon grion o d perikn, o d ndrsaimon, o d krion, o d camapitun, `Rwmaoi nferilij, o d
saggouinlij, o d roundinlem, o d otam grstem, o d
ota koutika, o d moum, Afroi courmasemmakd.
974

976

skuron o d skuroeidj, o d ndrsaimon. ka

toto edj stin periko megqei diafron, klws mezon,
fruganwdsteron d ka pefoinigmnon nqh d mlina frei,
karpn moion perik, zonta htnhj ka n t paratribnai oone amssonta toj daktlouj, j di toto ndrsaimon kalesqai.
RV: perikn o d skuron, o d skuroeidj, o d
ndrsaimon.
977

ndrsaimon o d Dionusida, o d ka toto

skuron kalosi. diafrei d to periko ka to skrou
qmnoj n leptkarfoj, frugandhj, pefoinigmnoj t abda
flla triplasona phgnou, trifqnta ondh culn nhsi,
masclaj te cei pleonaj p' krJ tetarswmnaj, per j
nqllia mikr, mlina karpj n kluki moioj t tj melanhj mkwnoj, oone katgrafoj natrifqesa d kmh htindh smn prosddwsi.
978
(Malus domestica Borkh .),
(Cydonia oblonga Mill.), ,
(Punica granatum L.) (. Dalby, 2001, . 131). .
979
.

558

 , (Erica
spp., Ericaceae) (, 3.157980)
Hypericum empetrifolium Willd. ( Hypericum coris L., . , 2006),
,
.
. Hypericum perforatum L.
(Ruta graveolens L.,
Rutaceae) Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra,
. Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra
(Polunin, 1987, .
324).
( , 3.7).
981 :
982, , , , , ,
, (3.154 3.155). (2006)
Hypericum crispum L.
,
,
(
, 11.830983).

( , 19.113984). , .

(386985).
( , 11.28, 11..50,
11..68 12..4).
980

krij o d ka toto perikn kalosi. fllon

cei paraplsion t tj rekhj, mikrteron d ka liparteron ka ruqrn qmnoj d spiqamiaoj, estomoj, drimj,
edhj.
981
M. Wellmann, Pedanii Dioscuridis Anazarbei de materia medica libri quinque, 3 vols. Berlin:
Weidmann, 1:1907; 2:1906; 3:1914, repr. 1958,
RV .
982

Peganum harmala L., Zygophyllaceae (
).
983
[ma. Per ndrosamou.] 'Andrsaimon, qamndej
futn dittn tn fsin, t mn teron skuron skuroeidj nomazmenon, edoj prcon periko. t d' teron,
per nomzetai prj tinwn dionusaj. sti d mn karpj atn kaqartikj, d tn fllwn dnamij xhrantik
te ka uptik metrwj, ste ka purkauta qerapeein pepsteutai. kaqeyhqnta d n onJ asthr kollhtikn
traumtwn meglwn tn onon pofanei.
984

korn: tn pan, tij ka perikn nomzetai, cei d

tn karpn korJ moion.
985

ndrsaimon ka skron t perikn cei d flla katatrupht.

559

 ,
: ( , 7.3). ,

.
(, 1909).
.

( )

Hypericum perforatum L.

(3.155)

Hypericum perfoliatum L.

(3.156)

Hypericum empetrifolium Willd.

(3.157)

Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra

Hypericum crispum L.

(3.154)

(, 1909)
, ,

,
,
, ,

, ,

.
, . ,
: ,
, ( ),
, .
( lanchon)
.
( & , 1948).

. (Chevalier, 1999 Ganzera et
al., 2002) (hypericin)
(pseudohypericin), (phloroglycinols) (hyperforin)
(adhyperforin), (quercetin),
(proanthocyanidins) (catechin)
(epicatechin), (amentoflavone) 118-
(118-biapigenin), (caffeic
acid), (kielcorin) 1,3,6,7--,
(2, methyloctane, -pinene, -pinene sesquiteperpenes),
(- GABA ),
.
.


.

560


Hypericum spp.
(, 1997),
,
986.
,
.

( ) (
, , 2.54987)
988,
(, 2.64989).
(54),

(10990), (32),
( , 33991
, , 104992), (105993).

986

(, 1997).
987
'Epn d tj dnhj
pashtai, lelsfakon kyaj ka ssaj, ka perikn ka rsimon lea ka lfiton, son kstou, tat' pibaln p onon
kekrhmnon, didnai pnein nstei, ka n m nstij , didnai d
ofnein tnoj nalton n d qlpoj , sitoisi diacrsqai j
(Salvia officinalis),
(Sisymbrium spp.), , ,
.
988
,
( , 1967).
989
n d ekostaoj t pon ptsV, pintw, kyaj ka ssaj tn lelsfakon ka pganon ka qmbrhn ka rganon ka perikn, son kstou xummsgwn, son skafda smikrn xumpntwn, ka lftwn
t at p onJ gluke kekrhmnJ, nstei pnein
, (Salvia
officinalis), (Peganum harmala), (Satureja thymbra), (Origanum vulgaris)
, ,
. ,
, .
.
990
pintw d nstij perikn, lnou sprma, lelsfakon n onJ dare
991

Eteron scnou flla, lelisfkou, periko ysaj n onJ mlani

(Pistacia lentiscus), (Salvia officinalis)
.
Eteron lelsfakon ka perikn n dati ysaj, t dati klze
.
992
`Uperikn ka scnon ka kedrdaj n dati feyn, krocleron klzein.
(Juniperus spp.).
993
'Elelsfakon ka perikn feyn n dati, n t feymati cura kriqn ysaj, ndsaj qonJ, pura.

561

 (57994) ,
, ( ,
, 78), ( , , , 80).
(
) ,
, ,
(, 121).

(, 133995). ,
(Salvia
officinalis L., Lamiaceae) (, 193).
()
,
(, 209).
.
(
, 3.154996).
(). 40
(. , 1.230),

. ( )
(2.20 2.21997,
,
. ( , 1967)
. (1982)
( , 1992d).
994
n d barnhtai ka ychtai ka nrkh cV, gla didnai ka onon edea pintw d
nstij perikn, lnou sprma, lelsfakon n onJ edei dare
, , .
[] , .
995
Met d tata, tan dokV soi kairj enai, tn purhn kataskeuzein tn k tn
qumihmtwn skeuzetai d tnde tn trpon kpeiron kyanta katassai son skafda, ka klamon mureyikn teron tosoton, ka sconou tj mureyikj son, kardammou te son, ka kumnou aqiopiko,
ka nnsou, ka phgnou xhro, ka periko, ka marqou sprma tan d tata paraskeusVj, gcaj j tn ctrinon onou
.
: ( Cyperus
rotundus) ( Acorus calamus), (
Andropogon schoenanthus), (Elettaria cardamomum), (
(Cuminum cyminum), (Anethum
graveolens) (Peganum harmala), (Foeniculum vulgare).
, ,
.
.
996
dnamin d cei diourhtikn ka mmnwn gwgn prostiqmenon, tetartakoj te pallssei met' onou pinmenon.
qerapeei d ka scidaj p mraj tessarkonta t sprma
pinmenon, t d flla sn t sprmati kataplasqnta tai
katakamata.
997

koinj d prj psaj peridouj ka gh poie kinonta drtaj

562

 , 2.23). ,
(, 2.37), (, 2.58),
(2.65).
(2.80 2.83),
(2.119),
, ,
(2.126). 998,
(2.166999).
1000 (1.169).
( , 3.1551001).
, .
(, 3.1561002) .
(
, 3.14).

, , ,
( ), (
, 12.1481003).

.
998

, (PbO),
.
( , 22).
999
prj d toj liqrguron pintaj poie kratoj
polj didmenoj sn yinqJ, selnou sprma, perikn, sswpon
sn onJ, smrnhj , rmnou sprma, selnou grou sprma
sn onJ, leimnion ka slinon ka grwn peristern kproj
xhr doqesa met nrdou.
,
, , , 2 , ,
, , , .
1000
, .
1001
poie d ka totou karpj prj scidaj pinmenoj
meq' dromlitoj kotuln duen gei d coldh ka kpria
poll sunecj d de didnai, cri n giasqsi. poie ka
prj purkauta piplasqesa.
,
. .
. .
1002
ka totou karpj leoj dracmn duen lk poqej
gei coldh ka kpria. qerapeei d mlista scidaj de
d met tn kqarsin datoj pirrofen <lgon> ka purkauta d pa kataplasqesa qerapeei ka ama pcei.
1003

[e. Per periko.] `Uperikn qermanei ka xhranei

leptomeroj osaj prcon, j katamni te ka ora
prokalesqai. cr d lon ej tata lambnein tn karpn
o t sprma mnon, ll met tn fllwn piplassmenoj clwrj, ej oln gein dnatai t t' lla ka purkauta. xhranqnta d' e kyaj pipttoij, sV t pladar ka shpedondh tn lkn. nioi d ka toj sciadikoj pnein atn didasin.

563

 .
, ,
:
(13.204), (,
13.234), (, 13.239-13.240)
()
, (
) (, 13.330).
(14.377 14.456)
(, 14.511). (19.745)
1004
(Anethum graveolens L., Apiaceae).
,
,
( , ,
11.830, . 11).
(, )
( ,
, 14.41, 14.43 14.260).
(
, 13.43) (, 14.97 14.117).
:
(, 14, 108),
(, 14.109), 1005
(, 14.1091006), (, 14.113),
1004

( , 7.25).
Thomas (1904)
Rvana. Rama,
(Arkapraka, 16
., ,
, arkam = , araq/) (Prioreschi, 1996).
1006[,
.].
..,,
,...
...
....
...
...
..
....
..
....
...
..
..
..
...
1005

564

 ( , ,
14.122), 1007, , ,
. (, 14.152), ,
(, 14.157),
(, 14.188),
, (, 14.206)
(, 14.208).
( , 7.111008).
,
(Hippiatrica Cantabrigiensia, 71).
, 4 ., :
( , 14.49), (, 14.62), (, 14.65),
, (, 15.1.20,
, 2.2 , 2.5), ( )
( , 43.57), ( , 50.4),
( ) (, 51.1), (
, 3.103 9.61 ).

( ) (, 2.521 2.571),
(, 2.553).
1009 ( , .124)
(, .400)1010.
..,
...
..
...
..
..
,.
..
.,,
.,
..

().
1007
Scincus officinalis, . .
1008
.
1009
(, 78.19),
, ,
,
(. , , 19.137 ,
1982).
1010
( , .198), (, V.89)
. (, XI.11.63):
,,
,,,,
,,,,
.

565


( ), (Helleborus spp.,
Ranunculaceae) ( , .113 114),
( , VII.45)
( , XI.35),
. 1011,
( , 7.5.21012),
,
(. , 7.8), ( , , 7.11)
.
,
( & , 1948).

( & , 1948),
(, 1959).
, , ,
.
, , ,
, , ,
, , .
,
. ,
, .
, , .
(Grieve, 1973).

1011

( , 3.48), ( ) . (, 3.48
7.3).
1012.
,,,,
,,,
,,,,
,,,,
,,,,
,,,,,,
,,,,,
,,
,,,

,,
..
,,
.

566


(Schauenberg & aris, 1981),
, , , ,
(, 1972). (1959)
.
Cazin ,
. .
1013.
( -, 1014) , ,
. Dubois
. homas artholin
ragus ( & , 1948).

(Georgiades, 1987).
,
(
).
,

.
: milepertuis, , , fuga daemonum,
herba che scacia i diavoli1015 ( & , 1948).
Bartolomeus Carrichter 1673
,
,
6 (Holmes,
1997)1016.
(Midsummer Eve) (Midsummer
Day).
, ,
. (Frazer, 1890,
1922, .
Moore, 1891).
,

.
( & , 1948).
(Oleum Hypericum),

, (Georgiades, 1987).
1013

, , . . 13, & , 1948.

Schauenberg & aris, 1981.
1015
.
1016
29 30 1673 2013.
21 .
1014

567

 1:10,
,
10-15 .
.
. .

.
( & , 1948).

Reformierte Deutsche Apotheck Ryffs (1573)
(Commiphora myrrha), (Aloe vera).

, .
, 1017
( & , 1948).
(Ratafia)
. au de
vie rouges ( ) ( & , 1948).
Stary (1991) , ,
, , ,
,
.
. ,
, .
,

. Payk (1994)

.
( 14 )
.
1018,
(. ).
(Ernst
et al., 1998 Stevinson & Ernst, 1999).
,

.
:

1017

Rolet & ouret, lantes edicales, p.362.

(, ,
) (. ).

1018

568

1. : 16-32 gr 1 lt ( & , 1948). 1-2

1 , 1-2
, (Stary, 1991).
2. : 1 1 .
1 ( & , 1948).
(Georgiades, 1987).
15-30 gr 1 lt 3
500 ml 1
(, 1972) 28 gr 470 ml ,
1-2 (Grieve, 1973).
3. , 1,6-6,4 gr (Grieve, 1973). 10 , 3
(Stary, 1991).
4. : 16-32 ,
( & , 1948).
5. : 32 gr 1 lt . 48-96
gr , ( & , 1948).
6. : 10%,
. :
2 ,
,
( & , 1948 Stary, 1991).
7. Ratafia 35 gr 500 ml
. ,
15-20 ,
64 gr ( & , 1948).
6-8
, , ,
, , .
, , , (,
1959). Ross (2003) 2-4 gr
2-4 ml 1:10 45% .
(Mills & Bone, 1986).

, elmarius,
(
& , 1948).
, (54)
. ,

. Holmes (1997)
, .
, .

:
1. Qi .
. .
569

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

a. Qi ( ,
, , ):
, .
b. Qi (, , ):
.
c. Qi (,
, , ):
( ).
Qi ,
. .
:
a. Qi ,
( ,
, stress, ,
, ): ,
(irritable bowel syndrome), ,
( ), , ,
, , ,
, .
(Jing) . :
a. (
) ( , stress, , ):
, , , , .
, .
- Qi
, ,
( ).
-, .
- (
, , ): (
, , , , -
, Shao Yang,
, ,
( ).
, . , ,
1019,
, , , , .
, (
, , , ,
, , , , ,
).

(), ,
.

(250 500 mg).
1019

.
.

570

, , .
, ( ).

.
.
2-3 , ,
.. (Melissa officinalis, . ).
8-14 gr (), 2-4 ml (3
) 2-3 ml ( ).
,
.
,
(Holmes, 1997).
3
, ,
, , ,
, ,
(Boericke, 1927).

, 1020
(Dubey, 1990).

Prozac,
.
P-450 (CYP) CYP3A4,
.
(
). -
CYP3A4.
.
(Broughton & Denham, 2000)
.

( Rossi, 2005).

. 2.400
, 1994
66
.

, HIV,
40 .

1020

HIV

571

HIV
()

tacrolimus
()

(digoxin)

(,
)
MAO (Mono
Amino Oxidase) SSR
(Serotonin Specific Receptor)

&

,
.
, --2-,
. 1998
,
(, ,
GABA) (Bhattacarya et al., 1998).
(Schempp et al., 2002).

. ( ,
) (Nahrstedt &
Butterweck, 1997). 15%
, , ,
. .
(Baureithel et al,
1997) ,
. ,
, ,
(Chevalier, 1999).

Holmes (1997)
.
, , ,
, (
).
.
Qi, ,
572

 , , . 19
. .
. ,
, ,
. Qi
.
,
.
.

573

 13:
()

574


Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
Crataegus orientalis Pallas ex Bieb.
Crataegus azarolus L.
[Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.]
: Rosaceae

.
: Flos Crataegi,
Folium Crataegi, Folium Cum Flore Crataegi,
Fructus Crataegi
: , , ,
: ,
(C. monogyna),
(C. azarolus), (C. orientalis)
: english hawthorn (C. monogyna), midland hawthorn, woodland
hawthorn (C. laevigata)
: epine blanche, epine de Mai (C. monogyna), ubpine pineuse
(C. laevigata)
: Haagdorn, Zweigriffelige Weidorn (C. laevigata)
: ,
: , ,
: , ,
: , , , ,
: ,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
(
, )
: - (C. monogyna, C. laevigata)
:
: - (), (),
()
: 6-16 gr 250 ml ( 2-3 ),
3-6 ml (3 )
: Shan Zha ( Crataegus pinnatifida
Bge. var. major N.E. Br. C. cuneata Sieb. & Zucc.), Suan Zao Ren (Zizyphus sp.)
:

575



( , 3.15.61021).
, (, 3.12.53.12.9). ,
, ( , 1.1181022).
(, 3.1241023).
(
, 12.721024), ( , 11..91025)
, Crataegus.
Sprengel (, 1914) Crataegus azarolus L.
.
Crataegus pycnoloba Boiss. & Heldr.,
1021

Plqei d pol krtaigj stin, o d krataigna kalosin cei d t mn fllon moion

mesplV tetann, pln mezon kenou ka platteron promhksteron, tn d caragmn ok
con sper keno. gnetai d t dndron ote
mga lan ote pac t d xlon poiklon
scurn xanqn cei d floin leon moion
mesplV monrrizon d' ej bqoj j p t pol.
karpn d' cei strogglon lkon ktinoj
pepainmenoj d xanqnetai ka pimelanetai
kat d tn gesin ka tn culn mespildej
diper oon gra mesplh dxeien n enai.
monoeidj d ka ok con diaforj.
1022

mspilon t dndron, par' noij rwna kaletai,

kanqdj stin, moion toj flloij puraknqV, karpn <d>
frei mikrn, <strogglon>, mlJ moion, [platn conta tn
puqmna,] dn, conta tra stria ndoqen, par' ka trkokkn tinej atn nmasan. stfei d ka bibrwskmenj
stin estmacoj, koilaj stegnwtikj.
sti d ka teron edoj n 'Italv gennmenon, nioi
pimhlda, o d shtnion nomzousi dndron mlJ mferj
ka toj flloij, ti m mikrteron karpn d cei ka toto
strogglon, brsimon, platn conta tn puqmna, postfonta, pepainmenon bradwj.
1023

Polygonum persicaria L. Crucianella latifolia L. (, 2006).

[ia. Per mesplou.] Mspilon note trkokkon nomzousin, ti trej cei toj pntaj kkkouj ndon ato,
sprma d stin kastoj atn to dndrou, kaqper ka
t n toj mloij eriskmena tj mhlaj ka t ggarta
tj mplou ka kegcramdej tj sukj. strufnj kanj
karpj to dndrou ka mgij ddimoj, fektikj kanj
tj gastrj. sti d kn toj blastoj ato kn toj
flloij strufn poithj ok lgh.
1024

1025

Mspilon t dndron kanqdj sti, karpn fron mikrn,

mlJ moion, dn, conta tra stria. stfei d ka bibrwskmenj
stin estmacoj, koilaj stegnwtikj.

576

 . ,
Sprengel & Fraas Crataegus azarolus L. (,
1914).

Mespilus germanica L.,
(, 1952 Dalby, 2001).
, ,
( )
, , .
( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)

.
Crataegus,
, .

(Sorbus spp., Rosaceae)1026. E
, ,
Mespilus germanica L., Crataegus.
Sprengel (, 1914)
( , 3.12.5-3.12.9) Crataegus
orientalis Pallas ex Bieb. . (2006)
Crataegus orientalis Pall., C. oxyacantha L.
Mespilus germanica L.
.

Crataegus oxyacantha L.
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
Crataegus orientalis Pallas ex Bieb.
Crataegus azarolus L.
Crataegus pycnoloba Boiss. & Heldr.
Mespilus germanica L.

&
( 1.118),
( 12.72)
;
&
( 3.12.5-3.12.9), (
1.118), ( 12.72)
,
( 1.118)
(;) ( 3.15.6)
(;) ( 3.15.6)
(
1.118)

(, 1909)
,
,
,
, ,

C. monogyna Jacq. C. laevigata (Poir.) DC.

, , , .

(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.
(acantolic acid), (amygdalin), (-sitosterol), (chlorogenic acid),
1026

Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz.

577

 (crataegolic acid), (epicatechin),

(leucoanthocyanidin), (neoategolic acid), (uric
acid), (ursolic acid), (vitexins), (pectin) .
, ,
(aminopurine), C, (catechin), (choline), , ,
, , , , , , , (esculin),
l- (l-epicatechol), (lauric acid), (octacosane),
(oxalic acid), (phlobaphene), (rhamnose),
(riboflavin), (tartaric acid), (vitexin) . (Duke,
1992b).
X

, ( , 21)
( , 55).
, , ,
( , 1.118).
,
(, 5.241027).
, Crataegus spp.

(Weihmayr & Ernst, 1996)1028, .

(Anschutz, 1900, Delaveau et al., 1981,
Schauenberg et al., 1981 Hobbs & Foster, 1990), ,

(Griggs, 1997).
. Lonicerus
( ) Tabernaemontanus
. Gerard
Culpeper, ,
.
20 .
Felter & Lloyd (1898)
. Ellingwood
(1919) Dr. Jennings
.


1027

pthj skeuzetai mowj sper ka kudwnthj,

m lan d stwsan o pioi ppeiroi. ka tn keratwn
d ka tn mesplwn ka own mowj skeuzetai. pntej
d esi stuptiko, strufno, estmacoi, emata ndon pcontej.

1028

Paracelsus (14931541),
.

578

, ,
, .
(3 ). .

. (Flos Crataegi),
, 2
(6-16 gr Holmes, 1997) 1
2-3 , .
o 3-6 ml.
(. ) 2 .
gingko (.
yn xng, Gingko biloba L.) (6-9 gr 6-9 gr gingko) (,
).
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
,
1:1000 .
( & , 1948).
,
(Ross, 2003). O ,
, (
& , 1948).
(1-15 ) Crataegus
spp. ,
, .
,
, .
,
. ,
, .
,
(Boericke, 1927).
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
Kommission E, ,

. (1984)
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.
(New York Heart
Association Classification1029).
,
digitalis (Digitalis spp., Scrophulariaceae)
. , 1994,
1029

4 :
I. .
II. ( / )
.
III. , .
IV. , .

579

 :
, .

,
(Blumenthal et al., 1998).
Shan Zha
Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E. Br. C. cuneata Sieb. & Zucc.
, ,
. , ,
, .

, (Ross, 2003),
.

(Holmes, 1997):
1. Qi ,
,
.
a. Qi : , , ,
, ( ,

).
b. :
, ,
( ,
,
, ., ,
, ).
2. Yin ( ), ,
Qi .
a. Yin :
, , (, ,
, ,
, ).
b. Qi : , ,
(, , , , ).
3. ,
. : ,
, , (
, , , ,
, , ), .
4. ,
, . : ,
, , ,
( ,
, , ).

580

 15, 24, 39, 7, 7

3.
, ,
,
, (Bahorun et al., 1994
Bahorun et al., 1996),
(Saenz et al., 1997), ,
(Rogers et al., 2000)
, (Ahumada et
al., 1997).
,

Crataegus.
,
(Yesilada et al.,
1997).

,
. ,
, .
, ,
.
, .

581


Melissa officinalis L.
: Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)
: Folium Melissae,
Oleum Melissae, Aqua Melissae, alcootole de
melisse compos
: ,
: ,
, ,
: balm, lemon balm, sweet
balm, Smiths Bawme, Carpenters Bawme
: mlisse, herbe au citron,
cline, citronne
: Melisse, Mutterkraut,
Zintronenkraut, Konigsblume, Bienenkraut,
Herzkraut
: , [], [ Holmes, 1997 Ody,
1994]
: , ,
: , ,
: , , , , , , , Chong Mai, Ren Mai
: , ,
(, , , ,
, , , stress, ,
), Qi,
(, , , ,
, , , , , ,
, , , ,
, , ), ,
(, , , ,
, , ,
, ), ,
( ,
, , , , ,
, stress, ,
, ),
( , , , , ,
, , , ),
,
(, 3
), , ,

: -
:
:
582

: 8-16 gr (), 5-20 gr, 2-5 ml

(3 ), 10:1000 5 ml 100 gr

: Xia Ku Cao (
Prunella vulgaris L.) Qi,
: ( ),

(1914)
(, 676),
(, , 6.1.4 , ,
3.1041030). (
) , , .
Melittis
melissophyllum L. (Fuchs, New Kreterbuch, 190, . 281,
melissen).

T (Oleum melissae) 40% (citronellal), 30%

(citral), (linalool), (geraniol), ,
(pinene), (limonene) (Schauenberg & Paris, 1981
Holmes, 1997). , , 3-5%
(catechin tannins), , (stachyose)
(Holmes, 1997).
X
(676). O

, .
, ,
.
1031,
.
1030

melissfullon, nioi melttainan kalosi di t

desqai t pv tj melssaj. oike tathj t flla ka t
kaula t proeirhmnV ballwt, mezona d tata ka lepttera, oc otw dasa, zonta d kitromlwn.

1031

bohqe ka toj p muktwn pnigomnoij met ntrou t flla pinmena.

, 2.164.
-, , 23,

.

583

 ( , 3.1041032).
.
-
(, 27).

, (
, 12.711033 , 14.193).
,
( , 14.4781034).
2 (
, 14.16), 3 (, 14.27), 1035 (, 14.48)
(, 14.60)
, ( , 132.3).

( , XIII.12), (,
XIII.231036),
(, XII.48).

1032

rmzei d t flla potizmena sn onJ ka kataplassmena prj te skorpioplktouj ka falaggiodktouj ka kunodktouj ka t fyhma d atn katantlomenon prj t
at poie, ej te t gkaqsmata prj mmnwn gwgn eqete,
dontalgaj te diklusma, gklusm te dusenteraj bohqe ka
toj p muktwn pnigomnoij met ntrou t flla pinmena
ka strofoumnoij, ka kleigma rqopnokoj. kataplassmena
d sn ls diafore coirdaj ka lkh nakaqarei, t te p
tn rqritikn lgmata paraitetai kataplasqnta.
1033

[i. Per melissofllou.] Melissfullon prasJ mn

sti paraplsion tn dnamin, polepetai d' ato pmpolu. di toto od kcrhta tij at. perittn gr
prasou parntoj otwj fqnou pantacqen tj gj melissofllJ crsqai. e mntoi pot m pareh prsion,
nestin ej sa per kenJ crsqai ginskonti t tj nergeaj llipj.
1034

[ia. Prj pnon straj.] Paionaj zan ptize

ridoj zan paionaj sprmatoj kkkouj ie. yullou kalfhj culn prsqej. t flla melissofllou fhymena n onJ. llo. labn pganon clwrn ka
kyaj sn boutrJ ka stati coireJ poei crma.
1035

, . :
`Rptei d ka tata mn sa toj te prouj kfrttei ka tmnei toj pacej cumoj,
1036

pnu gr nergj sti toj ceodktoij t futn, ka melissofllou d t flla ka culj pinmena sn onJ ka t plhg pitiqmena, narg tn fleian deknusi, kn dh poqnskV kmnwn
!

584

O
(melissophyllum, Gaius Secundus Plinius, Naturalis
Historiae, XXI.53, 70, 82 149). O Abu ibn Sina ()
( Gerard,
The Herbal, 103).
Qi .
20 .
(Delaveau et al., 1981).

(Holmes, 1997), Primum Ens Melissae,
. Primum Ens (= )
1037,
.
,
Franz Hartmann (1838 1912)
(Hartmann, 1887): 0,5 pound (226,8 gr)
(K2CO3)
.
, .
24 .
2,5 5 cm. 1-2
.

Primus Ens Melissae.
.
O Tournefort (1717)

, ,
.
, .
17 ( 1611),
(Eau de mlisse des Carmes)
: , ,
, (Cinnamomum ceylanicum Breyn.,
Lauraceae), [Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baill,
Myrtaceae], (Myristica fragrans Houtt., Myristicaceae)
1037

Hartmann ,
Waite:
Primum Ens Corpus () .
(De Separat. Rer.).
The Book concerning Renovation and Restoration (p. 132
Waite 1894): Primum Ens
, , ,
. Primum Entia
.

585

 (Coriandrum sativum L., Apiaceae) (Schauenberg & Paris,

1981).
, , ,
(coup de froid). O Gerard (The Herbal, 103)
(Smiths Bawme Carpenters Bawme)

.
,
.
T ,
, . T
(10-13 gr 300 ml ) , , ,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981).
(, 1972).
,
.
,

. , , , 1038,
, , .
, , ,
.
, . (10:1000)
(alcootole de melisse compos, 5-20 gr),
, , , , ,
, . E
(Humulus lupulus L., Cannabaceae)
(Valeriana officinalis L., Valerianaceae) (,
1972). ,
(, 1985),
, . (, 1969).

(Holmes, 1997):
1. Qi ,
:
a. Qi ( Yang ),
( , ,
, , , ,
, ): , ,
, .
b. Yin ( ,
, , stress): , ,
.
2. Qi,
:
1038

586

O (Picci, 1980).

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

a. Qi (
, , ).
b. Qi (, ,
): (, ).
c. Qi ( , , ).
d. Qi (,
): .
e. Qi (, ,
, ): .,
( , , ).
, ,
. .
a. Yang (, ,
, , , ): ,
,
, (PMS)
, , , ,
.
, - .
, -.
a. - ( , ,
, ): .
b. - ( ,
, ): .
Jing Qi , ,
.
a. Jing Qi ( )
( , , , ,
): ,
.
b. Qi (stress, ,
, ).
Qi ,
: , 3
,
.
. .
. .
,
, , , , ,
, , ,
( scrofula), (
), , , ,
.

( ).
(
Rosmarinuss officinalis Ocimum basilicum).
,
587


( Matricaria chamomila).

Jing (Holmes, 1997).
Qi,
, Xia Ku Cao (
Prunella vulgaris L.).

.
,
. ,
. Qi
Yin .
Yuan Zhi ( Polygala tenuifolia Willd. P. sibirica L.).


. .
,
.
,
.
.
(8-16 gr ) ,
, , ,
.
. , (2-5 ml, 3
)
. 1039
1% ,
. 2-3
3 15-30
.
,
, ,
( Yevtika Krumtsanka
80% ).
, .
1.500 2.000 kgr
300 400 kgr .
(Aqua et Oleum Melissae), (,
1985).
, .
1039

lemongrass (Cymbopogon sp.), citronella [Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle,
Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt] .

588


(Wake et al., 2000).

.
, , ,
, , , , stress,
, .
Qi,
.
:
, , (), ,
, , ( ) (),
, , (), ,
(), , , , ,
( , ,
) ( ).
, ,
. , , , ,
, , ,
, (PMS) ,
, , , .
,
. ,
, , , , ,
( Jing
Qi ), stress, , ,
( Qi )
, , , ,
, , , ,
, , .
,
. ,
3 ,
.
, .
. .
, , ,
, , , , ,
, ,
( ), , ,
589

 , .

.

590

 14:

591


Aristolochia clematitis L.
Aristolochia rotunda L.
Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut.
: A. longa L.
: Aristolochiaceae
: Radix Aristolochiae
:
:
() , (),
() (A. rotunda),
,
(A. fontanesii),
(A. clematitis),
: Birthwort (A. clematitis)
Smearwort, Round-leaved Birthwort, English Mercury,
Mercury Goosefoot, Allgood, Tola Bona (A. rotunda),
Long Aristolochia, Sarrasine (A. fontanesii)
: Aristoloche clmatite (A.
clematitis)
: Gewhnliche Osterluzei (A. clematitis)
: ( A. fontanesii)
: ,
: , , ( A. rotunda),
( A. clematitis), ( A. fontanesii), , ,

: , , , Chong Mai, Ren Mai

: ,
,
, , , ,
, (,
, , ,
, , --, ,
,
, ( Shao Yang),
, , ,

, ,
, ,
, .
: - (A. sempervirens L.), - (
),
:
:
: 3 gr (), 1 ml (3 )

592

 : Ma Dou Ling ( Aristolochia

contorta Bunge. A. debilis Sieb. & Zucc.)
: in vivo
(ristolochic cid ephropathy), ,
,
.

(1914) Aristolochia
( , 3.4) A.
rotunda L. [ ()], ()
(), A. fontanesii Boiss. & Reut. (= A. longa L.)
( ),
A. clematitis L. (
). A. cretica Lam.
( , )
A. microstoma Boiss. & Spruner ( ,
).
A. sempervirens L. (= A. altissima Desf.) A. pallida
Willd. A. clematitis L.
60 .
(Tutin et al., 1993).
(
, 11.835.15).
.

Aristolochia rotunda L.
Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. &
Reut.
(= A. longa L.)
A. clematitis L.

&
( , 3.4)

(, 1909)

()

()
()

A. cretica Lam.
A. microstoma Boiss. & Spruner
A. sempervirens L. (= A. altissima
Desf.)
A. pallida Willd.

(;) ()
(;) ()

, ,
( magnoflorine), , ,

593

 . ,
(cinnamonic acid) (Holmes, 1997).

,
.
( , 32.114), (,
74.421040), (, 201.211041)
(, 206.351042).
, (Hyssopus officinalis L.),
(Cuminum cyminum L.), , , , ,
,
(3.16.631043).
(
) ( , 131044).
1040

Kpeiroj, ynqion, ristoloca, kminon, lej, mli, tata pnta n twt trbein
ka prostiqnai.
, , , , (
).
1041
Bohqei d ka t peukdanon, ristoloca, krommou dkruon, pnakej, n onJ
dati, krocleron didmenon.
, , ,
, .
1042
`Upr sterwn dnhj peukdanon, ristolocan, pnakej, tata mo mxai n
gluke onJ, ka clinanta psai, ka mkwnoj leukj ofein, ka kndhj sprma.
: ,
. .
1043
n d prj tsin n tsi pleursin dnVsi ka t pocndria lgV, poklsai de, ka piein donai nstei ristolocan ka sswpon ka
kminon ka slfion ka mkwna leukn ka nqoj calko ka mli
ka xoj ka dwr.
,
, , , , ,
, , .
1044
Xhr potrpei t netrwta diapuskesqai, xei ponyaj, onJ pospoggsaj. Tn mlibon tn leon xn t spod t
kuprV leanqnta pipssein ka to lwto t cqumata pipssein, ka tn lepda to calko, ka tn stupthrhn, ka tn
calktin met to calko, ka mnhn, ka met tn to lwto
cquhmtwn. Ka llwj, tan dhtai, xhrosi tosi toiotoisi
cresqai, ka t spod t lluritidi leV met tn cquhmtwn,
ka atosi mnoisin cqumasi, ka nqei rgrou mnJ j leiottJ ka tn ristolochn xwn te ka trbwn lehn pipssein.
.
.
( )
. ,
, ( )
. , , ,
,
() , ,
.

594

 (,
309 937).
( , 11045),
(Codex Vindobonensis Med. Gr. 1),
,
, .
.
, , , , ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
. ( , 3.41046)
1045

'Aristolcioj makr poie prj rpet ka qansima

lk pinomnh met' onou ka kataplassomnh, t d n mtrv
sunistmena lcia ka mmhna ka mbrua kbllei poqesa
met peprewj ka smrnhj ka n pess d prosteqesa t
at dr.
ristolcioj <strogglh> pinomnh met' onou mlanoj
poie prj rpetn dgmata cwre d ka ej ntidtouj tj
qhriakj, cwre ka ej tj podagrikj sunqseij, ti d mplstrouj. gei d ka mmhna ka mbrua kbllei bohqe
sqmati, lugm, gei, splhn, gmasin, spsmasin. poqesa
d meq' datoj ngei sklopaj, kdaj, lepdaj stn kataplassomnh fsthsin ka shpednaj pericarssei ka t upar kaqarei lkh smcei d ka dntaj ka ola.

1046

ristolocea nmastai mn p to doken

rista bohqen taj locoj. sti d mn tij strogglh, qleia kaloumnh flla d cei kissoeid, edh met drimthtoj, postrggula, pal per polloj blastoj k mij zhj,
t d klmata pimkh, nqh leuk, oone pilskouj, t d' n
atoj ruqrn, dusdej. d makr ristolocea rrhn kaletai ka daktultij, cousa flla pimhkstera tj strogglhj ka t klwna lept, j spiqamj t mgeqoj, nqoj
porfuron, dusdej, per xanqsan pJ paraplsion gnetai. za d tj mn strogglhj periferj, gogguldi moa,
d tj makrj daktlou t pcoj cei, spiqamiaa ka
mezwn mfterai d t poll puxoeidej ndoqen, pikra
tn gesin ka brwmdeij. sti d tij ka trth, makr, tij
ka klhmattij kaletai, klwna cousa lept, flloij postroggloij eizou <to> mikro oiksi perplea, nqh oikta phgnJ, zaj makrottaj, leptj, floin cosaj pacn
ka rwmatzonta, dwj crhsimeuosaj mureyoj ej tj tn
mrwn styeij.
poie d prj mn t lla frmaka strogglh, prj
d t rpet ka qansima makr dracmj mij lk pinomnh met' onou ka kataplassomnh ka t n mtrv sunistmena pnta locea ka mmhna ka mbrua kbllei poqesa
met peprewj ka smrnhj ka n pess d prosteqesa t
at dr. d strogglh poie mn prj ka proeirhmnh, k perisso d bohqe sqmati, lugm, gei, splhn,
gmasi, spsmasin, lgmasi pleurj poqesa meq' datoj.
ngei d sklopaj, kdaj <ka> lepdaj stn kataplassomnh
fsthsi ka shpednaj pericarssei ka t upar perika-

595

 .
( 3,4 gr)

. ,
.
( ,
).
. ,
, , ,
. .
, .

qarei lkh ka t kola plhro sn ridi ka mliti smcei

d ka ola ka dntaj. doke d ka klhmattij prj t
at poien, lattotai mntoi t dunmei tn proeirhmnwn.
.
, . ,
, ,
, ,
.
, , . ,
, . ,
, .
, . ,
, ,
, , ,
,
.
,
( 3,4 gr)
.
, .
. ,
, , , ,
, .
, , , ,
. .
, .

596

 ( , 11.835.151047)
,
.
. ,
,
.
, .
, .
,
.
()
.
, 1048 (),
. ,
.
.
, .

, .

1047

[nst. Per ristolocaj.] 'Aristolocaj za creiwdestth prj tj seij, pikr ka pdrimuj prcousa.
leptomerestra d' x atn stin strogglh ka kat
pnta drastikwtra. tn d' llwn duon mn klhmattij ewdestra mn, ste ka prj t mra crsqai toj
mureyoj at, prj tj seij d' sqenestra. makr
d' tton mn leptomerj sti tj strogglhj, o mn od'
at ge praktoj, ll' sti tj uptikj te ka qermantikj dunmewj, ka tj strogglhj tton mn ptei ka
diafore, qermanei d' oc tton, ll' swj ka mllon.
qen f' n mn sti crea to metrwj ptein, makr
crhsimwtra, kaqper n te taj tn lkn sarksesi ka
taj tn stern puraij f' n d pacn cumn
scurteron leptnai, tj strogglhj crea. di toto
ka t di' mfraxin ti pcoj pptwn pneumtwn lgmata qerapeei mllon strogglh ka sklopaj ngei ka shpednaj tai ka t upar tn lkn kaqarei ka dntaj ka olj lamprnei. bohqe d ka sqmatikoj ka lzousin, pilhptikoj te ka podagrikoj, meq'
datoj pinomnh, ka gmasi d ka spsmasin eper ti
llo frmakon pitdeij stin.
1048

.
.

597


. 0,5 1 ( 1,95 3,9 gr) (Grieve, 1914).

,
, , , Chong Mai Ren Mai.
(Holmes, 1997):
1. , ,
() , ,
.
, ,
.
, ( ),

.
2. , --,
, .
a. - , ,
, , , .
,

, ( Shao Yang).
b. --: ,
, .
,
.
3. , , Qi
, .
a. - :
.
.
b. Qi : , ,
, , ,
.
4. , .
,
, .
5. , ,
(),
.
a. Yang ( ),
, , , .

.
b. ( ): ,
, .
.
6. , ,
,
598

 .
( ,
, , ).
a.
:

,
,
,
(,
.), , , ( ,
, ),
(, ).
, ,
. , .
. 2
4 gr () 0,5 1,5 ml (12 40 , 3 ).

, .
.

,
.
,
.
,
. -
--
.
-
, Qi ,
.

.

. ,
,
.
,
, .
,
, ,
. /
1049,

.
(Hahnemann .)
.

1049

,
(Green, 2008).

599

 Ma Dou Ling
Aristolochia contorta Bunge. A. debilis Sieb. & Zucc.
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
A. clematitis L., A. auricularia, A. fangchi Wu, A.
heterophylla Hemsl., A. kwangsiensis, A. moupinensis, A. reticulata A.
serpentaria. Ma Dou Ling ,
.
,
, Qi.
Qi , .
3 9 gr.
Aristolochia contorta Bunge. A. debilis Sieb. & Zucc.,
Tian Xian Teng ( A. shmadai
Hayata) , ,
. Qi, ,
.
, .

, , .
6 9 gr. A. fangchi Wu (= A. westlandii
Hemsl.) A. heterophylla Hemsl. Fang Ji1050 ,
.
. ,
. ,
, , -, beri beri,
. 5 15 gr.

, ,
,
.

.

(Chinese Herb Nephropathy CHN).

,
.
,
(Werner et al., 1995, Thadhani et al., 1996 Bennett & Porter,
1993).


()

1050

,

, ,

Cocculus trilobus (Thunb.) DC (

Menispermaceae), Stephania tetrandra S. Moore ( ) Sinomenium acutum Rehder
& Wilson ( ) .

600

,

[],
D-,
, ,

,
,

.
Stephania tetrandra Magnolia officinalis,
.
(Cosyns et al., 1998
1999).
. Aristolochia fangchi
Stephania tetrandra S. Moore Fang Ji
(Guang Fang Ji Han Fang Ji ),
,
(Stiborova et
al., 1999 Bieler et al., 1997).


,
.
.

, 1051 (. Stengel &
Jones, 1998, ).

.
,
(fenfluramine diethylpropion), ,
.


( , Huong &
Li-Li, 2008). , Stephania
tetrandra .

, 3-6 mg / .

(Violon, 1997). in vivo
1051

1.500 2.000 .

601


(Cosyns et al., 1998),
(Cosyns et al., 2001).
,
, , , Hong Kong
.

1052
(Grollman et al., 2007).

,
DNA,
.
(Hranjec et al., 2005)

(2-5%) .

,
ochratoxin A ( Aspegillus Penicillium).

.

.


.

.

(Voice et al., 2006, Long & Voice, 2007 Peraica et al.,
2008).

1990 :
1.
, Stephania
tetrandra .
1052

(Danubian Endemic Familial Nephropathy DEFN),
1920
, , , , .
1956 Yoto Tanchev 1956,
Vratsa.
,
, ( Tanchev),
.

Vratsa.

602


,
(Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy).
2. 2002 100
.

(Inula helenium, . )
(Qiao et al., 2007).
,
(Kupchan & Doskotch, 1962
Hong-Yen et al., 1986).
in vitro
(Tsai et al., 1975).
2 Vipera russelli,

(Vishwanath & Gowda, 1987 Vishwanath et al., 1987).

(. ).

,
.
, .
.
, ,
, ( ),
.
,
, .

, ,
.
, , ,
.
--,
, .
,
,
( Shao Yang), ,
.
,
(
), Qi , .

603

 , .
, ,
. , ,
,
(, ).
, ,
.
( ,
, , ).

604

 15:

605




. ,
,
.
:
1. :
a. (). ()
( )
().
b. .
c. (fontanella):
( ,
) ,
. .

fontanella (
).
d.
Lebenswecker (= ) 1848
Carl Baunscheidt (1809-1873)
. 7star.
2. :
a. (rubefacients). .
, , .
b. (, vesicants ).
( , 1.128). : Anemone, Clematis (,
, 11..18.2),

().
c. (postulants) (,
, 11.710.18):
( ).
, (,
, 14.37). .. , , ( ,
, .2221053), ( Croton tiglium L.).
Carl Baunscheidt
Lebenswecker
(Baunscheidt Oil), 3 ,
.
.

1053

.<>

606



(1.393.14),

, (Ars Medica).

( )1054.

( ).
(). :
1. ().
a. ().
b. ().
c. ().
d. ( ).
e. ( ).
2. ( ).
a. ( ).
b. ( ).
:
1.
,
( ,
).
2. ()
.

. [

.
].
,
.

, ( ). :
1054

.
().

607


()
.
.
.
, .
.
. [
, .
].
:
1. ( ).
,
.
2. ,
.
.
a.
() ()

.
, (
).
.
()
.
b.

,
,
.

.
:
,
:
1. , () : .
2. , () :
, .

608


.
1. ,
( ).
2. .
(
).
,
.
() ()

.
.

,
. ,
, ,
.


, '
, 11.743.14
,
'
. 11.694.10
, 1.393.14 1.398.5
, . ' ,
, , ,
,
, .
,
. ' ' , ,
. 609

 , , ,
,
, ' .
, , '
.
,
.
, ,
, . , , , ' . , , ,
, , . '
, , .
,
. ,
.
,
, . '
,
. ,

, . , . ' , .
.
, . ,
, ,
, ,
' .
. '
,
.
, 610

 ' . '
, '
, , ,
. , , .
, , . , . , ' ,
. ,
, ' , , .

, ' , .
. ,
. ,
, , .
. ' , .

611


Lonicera caprifolium L.
Lonicera periclymenum L.
: Caprifoliaceae
:
: , ,
: ,
(L. caprifolium), (L.
periclymenum),
: common honeysuckle, european
honeysuckle, woodbine (L. periclymenum)
: chvrefeuille des bois
: Wald-Geiblatt, Wildes Geiblatt
(L. periclymenum)
: ( )
:
: , (),

:
: ,
, , ,
, , ,
,
: - (L. caprifolium), (L. periclymenum)
:
: (, )
: 9-15 gr (Jin Yin Hua)
: Jin Yin Hua (Flos
Lonicerae Japonicae: Lonicera japonica
Thunb., L. hypoglauca Miq., L. confusa DC., L. dasystyla Rehd.), Ren Dong Teng
( , Ramus Lonicerae Japonicae)
: :
( 10 37 ),
,
, (
)

, (
, )
( , 4.141055), Lonicera periclymenum L.
1055

612

periklmenon o d splnion, o d ka toto kl-

 (, 2.1651056).
Fuchs (beyblatt),
Volucrum maius
Syluae mater (New Kreterbuch, 250, . 368). (.286)
,
, .
, .
Lonicera Linnaeus
Adam Lonicer1057.

, , ,
(inositol), (sorbitol) (Li, 2002).

( , 4.141058)
(), , ,
(3,4 gr) 40 , ( ,
), , .
().
menon kalosi. qamnskoj stn ploj, cwn k diastmatoj
fullria perieilhfta atn, pleuka, kissoeid ka par
t flla kblastseij, f' n karpj kiss paraplsioj,
oone pikemenoj t fllJ, sklhrj ka dusapspastoj,
za pacea fetai n roraij ka fragmoj, perieltteta
te toj plhsizousi qmnoij.
RV: periklmenon o d agnh, o d klmenon, o d
krpaqon, o d splnion, o d pattij, o d lxnh mezwn, o d klhmattij, o d <>mersnh, o d kaluknqemon,
proftai pilon 'Afrodthj, Agptioi touko, Afroi lauq,
`Rwmaoi boloukroum mouj.
1056
kuklminoj tra, n nioi kissnqemon kalosi,
flla cei kiss oikta, lssona d, kauloj pacej, gonatdeij, perielissomnouj toj parakeimnoij dndresin likoeidj, nqh leuk, edh. karpj d j gej stafulj, moioj
kiss, malakj, drimj n t gesei rma ka glscroj, za
crhstoj. fetai d n tracsi cwroij.
1057

1528 Marburg 1586.

Naturalis Historiae Opus novum,
(Grieve, 1973).
1058
totou karpj ppeiroj sullegej ka xhranqej n ski
pnetai met' onou dracmj mij lk p mraj tessarkonta
ka splna ktkei ka kpon lei ka rqpnoian fele ka
lugmn, orn te gei p tj kthj mraj amatdej sti d
ka kutkioj. tn atn d ka t flla dnamin cei p mraj d trikonta pt poqnta gnouj poien storetai, sunaleifmena d met' laou p tn peridwn t frika paraitetai.

613

. .
1059.
().
, ( )
(2.41.11060 2.41.5,
2.291061 2.63 ). ,
(2.79, 2.81 2.119 ),

(, 1.200).
,
, (
, 291062).
,

( ).
().
( ,
12.981063). ,
( , 14.166).
( , 13.239, 13.254
.). , ( ,
2.1651064, , 2.41, 2.63, 2.81, 2.83), (
, 12.511065).
1059
1060
1061

, .
periklumnou dracm p mraj m sn onJ
periklumnou culo tribolon met datoj

1062

Pnein d frmaka, tn to periklumnou karpn, ka tn tj numfaaj zan

ka neirwgmoj bohqe, ka tn lhqinn potrpei mxewn.

1063

[ig. Per periklumnou.] Periklumnou crsimoj te

karpj sti ka t flla, tmhtikj te ma ka qermainoshj
prconta dunmewj ej tosoton, ste ka t oron amatdej rgzesqai, pinmena mcri pleonoj. n rc mntoi
orhtikn mnon stn, xwqen d met' laou sunaleifmenon qermanei. fele d ka splhndeij ka duspnoontaj. d summetra tj psewj dracmj mij plqoj sn
onJ. xhranei d ka sprma, ka tinj fasin e p plon
pnoito, pantpasin gnouj gnesqai toj pnontaj. rzousi d' nioi ka proqesman mern p t toiatV psei, kaqper ka Dioskordhj pt ka trikonta lgwn
storesqai atj. otoj d ka t oron amatdej gnesqa fhsin p tj kthj tn mern.
1064

tathj karpj son dracmj mij plqoj pinmenoj

met' onou leuko kuqwn duen plqoj p mraj tessarkonta splna tkei di' orwn ka koilaj dapanmenon pnetai
d ka prj rqpnoian, ka t k toketn kaqarei poqej.

1065

d' tra kuklminoj, n nioi

kissnqemon nomzousi, di t kiss kat t nqoj oi-

614

 (,
1914).
. ,
.
.
, .
,
.
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). Grieve (1931)
,
.
Lonicera etrusca Santi.
() (Georgiades, 1987).

( ) : (Steinmetz, 1957),
(Li, 2002), (Steinmetz, 1957 Li,
2002), (Steinmetz, 1957 List & Hohammer, 1969-1979),
(Steinmetz, 1957, List & Hohammer, 1969-1979,
Gruenwald et al., 2000 Li, 2002), (Steinmetz, 1957 Williamson
& Evans, 1989), (Steinmetz, 1957, Gruenwald et al., 2000 Williamson
& Evans, 1989).
(Li, 2002).
,
.
. 10
, , , , (Gruenwald
et al., 2000).
1066 Jin Yin Hua (Flos
Lonicerae Japonicae) ,
Ren Dong Teng1067 ( , Ramus Lonicerae Japonicae).
L. caprifolium L. (HongYen et al., 1986). Jin Yin Hua ,
, .
( Jin Yin Hua 9-15 gr )
(Bensky et al., 1993 , 2011):
knai, tn zan crhston cousa tn karpn cei drastikn kanj, ste ka met' onou leuko kuqwn duon pinmenoj p pleouj mraj tai splnaj, kinn ora
ka tn koilan pgwn, kbllei d ka t cria ka toj
sqmatikoj rgei. poithj d' ato geuomnJ drime
te ka pgliscrj sti.
1066

Lonicera japonica Thunb., L. hypoglauca Miq. (= Hong Xian Ren Dong, Li, 2002), L.
confusa DC., L. dasystyla Rehd. (Bensky et al., 1993, Pharmacopoiea Commission, 1995 Wu,
2005) L. acuminata Wallich (= Rui Ye Ren Dong), L. apodonta Ohwi (= Duan Geng Ren
Dong), L. brachypoda DC, L. chinensis Wats., L. flexuosa Thunb., L. maackii (Rupr.) Maxim. (Li,
2002).
1067
(Bensky et al., 1993).

615

1. .
a. - ( ,
, ).
b. ().
c. ,
(, ).
2. - .
(, , .)
(, .).
,
, (Besnky
et al., 1993 Pharmacopoeia Commission, 1995).
(Li,
2002).
(
),
,
,
(, ,
, ) (Bensky et al., 1993 Wu, 2005).
16-20 gr
(Wu, 2005).

.
Lonicera japonica Thunb.,
.
( Coxsackie) (Yan, 1991),

(Liu et al., 1992),
(Lee et al., 2001)
(Li et al., 1992).

, ,
( ) .
,
.
.
, .

616


Platanus orientalis L.
: Platanaceae
:
: , (),
: ,
: plane tree, oriental plane
: platane dOrient
: Morgenlndische Platane,
Orientalische Platane
: & (), ( &
), ( )
: (, & )
:
:
: , ,
, ,

: - ()
: ( )
: ( ), ( ),
(), ( )
: 20 gr ( )
:
:
, ,

,
, .

. ( ,
1.9.5) ,
.

O , .
,
(Pinus spp.,
Pinaceae), (Cinchona succirubra Pav. et Klotsch,
617

 Rubiaceae) . ( & , 1948). T

(allantoin) . H
,
(, 1980).
(betulinic acid, ) (Pavannasasivam &
Sultanbawa, 1974), (platanoside tiliroside,
).
X
()
, (, 584). (
, 1.791068)
, .
.
, (.
, 2.121.1 2.122.6, -,
, 19) () .
,
.
(1.66.3) (1.74.1).

(, 1.141.2).
,
, ,
,
(Naturalis Historiae, XXIV.44- XXIV.45).

1068

platnou t trufer tn fllwn yhqnta n onJ

ka kataplasqnta stllei emata fqalmn koufzei d
ka [t] odmata ka flegmonj. d floij yhqej sn
xei dontalgaj st diklusma. t d sfaira clwr sn
onJ poqnta rpetodktoij bohqe, nalhmfqnta d stati
purkauta qerapeei. d cnoj tn fllwn ka tn sfairwn kon ka yin parempesn lumanetai.

618

 ( , 12.1041069)

, .
,
.

. ,
,
. , .

,
,
() (, , 15.1.16.301070,
, , .326, , , 7.3.161071).

.
,
. (, 19271931), ,
(, 1980) ( , 1977).
(1969) , ,
1069

[ke. Per platnou.] Pltanoj grotraj

st ka yucrotraj osaj o poll tini tn summtrwn.
di toto ka t flla t clwr leiwqnta ka kataplasqnta tj n gensei flegmonj nnhsin ok safj.
d floij ato ka t sfaira xhrantikwtraj dh dunmej stin, j tn mn n xei kaqeymenon ej dntwn
lgmata paralambnesqai, t d sfaira met statoj
p tn purikatwn lkn. es d' o ka kasantej tn
floin xhrantikn te ka uptikn pergzontai frmakon,
j meq' datoj mn sqai lpraj, at d kaq' aut
piplattmenon t di' grthta polln lkh palai ka
upar. fulttesqai d tn p toj flloij to dndrou
cnon ka gr tn rthran espneusqej dike, xhranwn
te ka tracnwn sfodrj, ka kako tn fwnn, sper ge
ka tn yin ka tn kon fqalmoj ka sn mpesn.
1070

Pltanoj grotraj st ka yucrotraj osaj

o poll tini tn summtrwn d floij atj ka t sfaira
xhrantikwtraj dh dunmej stin. es d' o kaontej tn floin
pergzontai frmakon. fulttesqai d de tn p toj flloij to
dndrou cnon ka gr tn rthran espneusqej dike ka kako
tn fwnn ka tn yin ka tn kon, fqalmoj ka sn mpesn.

1071

Pltano grotra t ka yucrotra dunmew qen ka t

clwr flla t ginomna flegmon nnhin. d floi ka
t faira xhrantikwtra t dunmew, te tn mn n xei kaqeyhqnta dontalga qai, t d purkauta met tato qerapeein. d floi kauqe xhrantiktero ka uptiktero gnetai,
lpra te ka t kqugra tn lkn qai.

619

 , , . O
de Poederle (1792, . 195)
(Cinchona succirubra Pav. et Klotsch,
Rubiaceae). 1790,
Nieuwinchel
, .

( & , 1948). (1980)

,
,
.

, .
.
,
(
).
.
, .
20 gr
.
.

, .

,
(Mitrocotsa et al., 1999 Dimas et al.,
2000b) (Mitrokotsa, 1993).

,
, .
, .
.
,
, ,
.
.

620



Sinapis alba L.
: Brassica alba L.

Brassica nigra L.
: Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae)
: Semen Sinapis, Farina
Sinapeos
:
: , ,
, ,
: white mustard (Sinapis alba),
black mustard (Brassica nigra)
: moutarde blanche, moutarde noir
: Weier Senf, Schwarze Senf
:
:
:
: (, )
: Qi,
, ,

() ,
, , ,

: -
: -
: - ( )
: 3-6 gr (Hong-Yen et al., 1986), 3-9 gr (Bensky et al., 1993),
20-40 gr 1-2 lt
: Bai Jie Zi ( Sinapis alba L.)
: Yin
,

( , 2.154).
.

(3.41), (, 3.28.6.9, 3.44..5.8 4.39.3.4),
621

 ( , 13.217.13 13.353.9,
, 8.153.2), -
(14.739.10)
(19.675.9), .

.
(2,5%), (p-hydroxybenzyl isothiocyanate),
.
30%. (1%),
(allyl isothiocyanate),
. 30% (Samuelsson, 1996).
- ( )
.
( ),
. (.. Dijon, Lwensenf)
,
(verjus) .

.


. (thioglycosides)

.
(30%)
(, .),
.

,
! ,


.

,
( , 54.151072).
,
1072

Npu qermn, diacwrhtikn d, pln dusouretai ka toto

, .

622

 (3.15.621073 3.16.1011074).
()
(,
13.201075).

( , 2.1541076),
1073

Poien d ka llwj p tj prthj mrhj rxmenoj ddou

rou to meglou kgchn chramda, ka dakou ka kalfhj mhn,
ka npuoj ka phgnou son tosi tris daktloisi laben, ka pn
silfou son kamon tata n xugluke ka dati kersaj ka dihqsaj, ddou nstei cliarn. 'Epeidn d rchtai kaqarn kptein,
rou chramda ka ssamon ka mgdala kaqraj n xugluke
kekrhmnJ pnein n d mllon bolV gein, kapprioj tj zhj
floin mignnai totoisin.
, :
(11,4 ml) ,
, ( 0,85 gr).
( ) ,
. , ,
, , .
.
1074
E d scurteron boloio poiein, sspou ka npuoj ka kardmou kgchn chramda tryaj n mliti ka dati,
ka nazsaj, ka dihqsaj, piofen cliarn ddou.
(11,4 ml)
, , ,
.
1075
Hn d t stma pimeldej ka
pceton, ka di toto m kuskhtai, npu fqn sqein nstin,
ka krhton pipnein
,
().
1076
snhpi npu klgou t m katxhron ka kapurn, drn d ka qlasqn ndoqen clwrn ka oone gculon,
glaukn prsfaton gr ka kmaon t toioton.
dnatai d qermanein, leptnein, pispsqai, poflegmatzein diamashqn. migej d culj ato dromliti
onomliti prj ntidaj ka tj cronouj tracthtaj tj
rthraj ka tuldeij nagargarizmenoj rmzei. prosacqn
d toj muktrsi leon ptarmoj kine, ka pilhmptikoj ka
sterikj pnigomnaj diegerei, ka p lhqargikn kataplssetai xurhqeshj tj kefalj. mign d skoij ka piteqn
cri foinxewj rmzei prj scidaj, splnaj ka kaqlou
pn crnion lghma, pou metagagen ti k bqouj ej tn
pifneian boulmeqa t tj teropaqeaj lgJ qerapeei
ka lwpekaj kataplasqn, prswpn te kaqarei ka ppia arei sn mliti stati khrwt. sn xei d prj
lpraj ka leicnaj grouj pericretai pnetai d ka prj
peridouj xhrn j lfita pipassmenon t pot, pispastikaj te mplstroij ka ywrikaj megnutai crhsmwj,
dushkoaij te ka coij leon ntiqmenon t ko met skou
fele. d culj ato sn mliti rmzei prj te mbluwpaj ka traca blfara gcrimenoj. culzetai d ti clwrn <n> t sprma, ka t poqlifqn xhranetai n lJ.

623

 .
, , ,
, .
, , ,
.

.
.

. (
) ,
,
, .
, ,
.
.
.
. .

.
.
(
) (
, 12.85.151077).
( ,
12.404.51078).
.

(, 12.565.161079)
1077

[e. Per npuoj.] Npu qermanei ka xhranei kat tn tetrthn txin.

1078

[Per tn p Kleoptraj gegrammnwn n t

kosmhtik.] 'En t Kleoptraj kosmhtik prj lwpekaj
ggraptai frmaka kat tn atj kenhj lxin, d pwj
cousan. prj lwpekaj. sandarchn leisaj nalmbane
x drunJ, j ti plestJ ka proeknitrsaj, mplasse ej
qnion ka pitqei. g d ka ntrou fr prosmixa
t proeirhmna ka nrghsen kalj. llo. skllhj
a. llebrou leuko a. lea poisaj sn xei ka
xursaj ka proeknitrsaj katcrie. llo. npuoj
a. kardmou a. lea met' xouj pitqei, proxursaj
ka knitrsaj tn tpon, bltion d katasczein.
1079

['Arcignouj per poflegmatismn.] Met tata d

poflegmatismo di npuoj sspou met glukoj kaqeyhmnou stafdoj graj met peprewj tetrimmnhj
ka met mlitoj laou memigmnou mliti stafdoj
graj ka kat' dan ka met mlitoj tribomnhj. tn mn
tn nomazomnwn sunqwj toj atroj poflegmatizntwn farmkwn lhn steron r, nun d tosoton pishmnasqai crsimon, j t boqhma toto flgmatoj noclontj stin ama, kaqper d ka at tonoma ato

624

 .
(, , ,
) ,
( ).

( ).
,
(, 12.655.171080), (, 13.113.5).
(, 12.798.3),
1081 () (, 12.811.15, 12.812.1 12.815.12),
(, 13.59.12), (, 13.349.71082),
1083 (, 13.214.61084)
(, 13.246.91085).
dhlo. d 'Arcignhj qermn ka pneumatdh diqesin
psceto qerapeein, o yucrn ka flegmatdh. felontai d kanj katantlomenoi dfnhj feymati phgnou pnakoj kwdein dafndwn. scurj qermanousi farmkoij ok oda pj katlexe kwdeaj yucosaj
ok gennj,
1080

['Arcignouj t prj dushkoaj ka kwfseij atoj

nmasi gegrammna.] 'Ep d dushkoaj to floio tj afnou tn culn sn odnJ kuprnJ clinaj nstaze.
calbnhn sn xei ka mliti zsaj. p d tn pigenomnwn kwfsewn llebrou mlanoj son robon, n mliti
fq tqei ka a wj n t mpodzon diafrgV. yinqou kklsaj feymati mli ka laion nstaze. kollrion kaqntej di ntrou ka skou ka npuoj, ok xairomen mraj trej. met toto d xeaij fwnaj mbomen sunecsi ka aqij bareaij, nsalpsantej d atoj
steron pokaqistmen, meq' gcomen felmwj sfodlou zaj laJ palai feysantej, ageJ te orJ kklzomen sunecj.

1081

.
.
1082
[Allo to ato crsato Filkaloj.] Npuoj, tlewj lhlesmnhj kstou xe. . purqrou, stafdoj graj, ntrou ruqro n d. popnakoj b.
calbnhj b. htnhj terminqnhj ltran a. khro ltran
man, laou kuprnou ltran a. t thkt kat tn xhrn.
1083

, ( ,
). Xiong Dan (Vesica Fellea Ursi),
(Selenarctus thibetanus G. Cuvier)
(Ursus arctos L.) ,
, . Yao Xing
Ben Cao (Materia Medica of Medicinal Properties, Tang, 600 ..).
(
), (
, ),
(, ,

625


(2.359.27), ()
.
, (
, .2921086).
, (, .1811087).
), ( , , ).
Yin Chen Hao (Herba Artemisiae Yinchenhao, Artemisia capillaris
Thunb.) .
1-2,5 g
. Xiong Dan , ,
(Bensky et al., 1993). Xiong Dan


,
.
tauroursodesoxy cholic acid, (papaverine),
.
Xiong Dan
glomerulonephritis. Xiong Dan
(Niu Dan) .
,
Xiong Dan.
1084
['Antdotoj di tj rkeou colj, frmakon piteteugmnon prj tj skideij to patoj diaqseij.]
Camaiptuoj, prasou, petroselnou sprmatoj, gentianj,
gnou sprmatoj, rktou colj, npuoj, sikou sprmatoj,
skolopendrou, pnakoj, mltou Lhmnaj, ruqrodnou, krmbhj sprmatoj, ristolocaj, peprewj, nrdou 'Indikj,
kstou, selnou sprmatoj, ezmou sprmatoj, ruggou,
polou, cou, epatorou, rkeuqdwn n a. kyaj,
ssaj, nalmbane mliti, dsij karou Pontiko t mgeqoj n onomliti kuqoij b.
1085

[Prj tj skideij to splhnj diaqseij. crsato

Trfwn Gortunithj.] Tlewj lhlesmnhj, npuoj,
mnnhj libnou n xe. a. murobalnou pismatoj xe. .
ntrou fro go g. leitata poisaj ka mxaj, nalmbane feyhmnV kedrv, ste mplstrou grj cein t
pcoj. crsij n dialemmati, piqej t frmakon katalmbane tainidoij. crnoj tj piqsewj pr balaneou,
f' son on t sti tn psconta frein, peita pidedemnon esgein ej t balaneon ka met tn loipn to
smatoj pimleian mbibzein ka otwj n t dati
lein tn tainan.
1086

Npu qermanei ka xhranei kat tn tetrthn ptain,

[riton d ka t Agption t ^Suriakn, mikrteron d t gkJ
ka naimteron kecrwmnon.]
1087

,
,.

626

,
,.
.
,

,
.
.
.

..
,
,,
,
,
,.
,,
,,,,
.
,
.

.
.
.

.
.,

627

 ,
.
( . , , 10.13)
.
,
,
.
( )
.
,
. 5-15 .
.
,
.
. - 1
.
( 60 C).
20-40 gr 1-2 lt 35-45 C (,
1959).
, , ,
, , , .
.
(
). ,
, .
,
, (, 1914).

, (Farina Sinapeos)
.
Bai Jie Zi Sinapis
alba L. (). Tang Bencao (Tang Materia Medica)
Ming i Pieh Lu [ 523-656 . ., Informal (or Additional)
Records of Famous Physicians (on Materia Medica), . Needham, 1986]
. jie ()
, Qi .
,
. Qi, ,
,

,
,
.

628

.
(), , ,
.
. 3-6 gr
(Hong-Yen et al., 1986) (3-9 gr Bensky et al., 1993).
Yin ,
.

(75% 157 ),
(Bensky et al., 1993).
,
,

.
, ,
. in vitro
(Chung Shan Medical College, 1976
Namba, 1980).

(Kim & Lee,
2009). ( Altaea officinalis Glycyrrhiza glabra,
Matricaria chamomilla, Achillea millefolium .)
, (Gawron-Gzella et al., 2005).

,
(Eskin et al., 2007).

,
, . Qi,
, ,
.
(), ,
, .
.

.

629

 16:

630


Taxus baccata L.
: Taxaceae
:
: ().
: , ,

: Yew
: if commun
: Europische Eibe
:
:
:

:
:
(), ()
(Ayurveda)
:
: 6-9
:
:
:
: ( )

Baumann (1982)
(, .607),
6
, 1088.
,
(,
.261).

,
.
.
,
,
(Gaius Secundus Plinius, Naturalis
Historiae, 16.50-16.51, Loeb Classical Library IV.420-1).
1088

, . . & . . , , .

631

 taxus (Majno, 1975).

,

(Metamorphoses, 4.432 Lucanus, Pharsalia, 6.645). ,
,
(Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, 1.777).

, ,

(Wilks, 1972).
,
(Hamburger et al., 1991).
Ambiorix, Catuvolcus
,
(Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico, 6.31.5).
Catuvolcus Eburones,
(eburo),
(Major, 1995).
,
( , 3.10.21089),
(, 3.16) Smilax aspera L. (, 3.18).
,
,
, ( , 4.791090).
1089

Monogenj d ka mloj, rqofuj d ka

eauxj ka moa t ltV, pln oc yhln
otw, polumscalon d mllon. moion d ka
t fllon cei t ltV, liparteron d ka
malakteron. t d xlon mn x 'Arkadaj
mlan ka foinikon, d' k tj Idhj xanqn
sfdra ka moion t kdrJ, di' ka toj pwlontj fasin xapatn j kdron pwlontaj
pn gr enai kardan, tan floij periaireq
moion d ka tn floin cein ka t tracthti
ka t crmati t kdrJ, zaj d mikrj ka
leptj ka pipolaouj. spnion d t dndron
per tn Idhn, per d Makedonan ka 'Arkadan
pol ka karpn frei strogglon mikr mezw
kumou, t crmati d' ruqrn ka malakn
fas d t mn lfoura n fgV tn fllwn
poqnskein, t d mhrukzonta odn pscein.
tn d karpn sqousi ka tn nqrpwn tinj
ka stin dj ka sinj.
1090

smlax o d smlon, [o d tiqmallon,] `Rwmaoi d

txon kalosi dndron stn ltV paraplsion flloij ka
megqei, n 'Italv ka n Narbwnv t kat tn Spanan
fumenon. to d' n 'Italv gennwmnou tn karpn rnfia
sqonta pngetai, nqrwpoi d prosenegkmenoi diarroaij
peripptousi. t d' n t Narbwnv tosathj metcei dunmewj, j ka k tj skij toj pokaqsantaj koimhqntaj
blptesqai, pollkij d ka qnskein. storetai d per

632

 :
(2.146, Dolichos spp., Fabaceae), (4.143, .
Calystegia spp., Convolvulaceae), , ,
(4.142, . Smilax aspera L., Liliaceae)
(Taxus baccata L.) (, 1914, . Thomson, 1989
Scarborough, 2002). Dolichos
,
(Dalby, 2001)1091. ,
,
.
,
(-,
, 20).
, ,
( ),
.
.

1092 ,
.
, , (baccatin III),
(taxol), (cephalomannine) 10-deacetylbaccatin III,
1093.

.
,
(, , 3.10.2)
(, 5.7.6).
.
tzi,
, 1991.
Ydalir,
. Yggdrasil .

,
.
atj crin to profulssesqai.
1091

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Dolichos melanophtalmos DC.

, Phaseolus
.
1092
Marne (, 1938).
1093
Lefebre (, 1938).

633

 (, , ,
).
( , 4.79) ,
.
,
.

.
(, 5.6.10) (, 5.13.3 , 2.1481094).
, .
,
(-,
, 121095).
(, 647).
( , 12.127),
( , 15.1.18 , 127)
( , 5.30 5.49)
. 1096

Suetonius,
, (Divus Claudius, 16.41097). Flobert
(1968)
. , ,
(Major, 1995).
1098
(Ibn Sina, 980 1037), zarnab
. Tekol (2007)
(calcium channel blocker)
1099. zarnab Taxus baccata L.
Hayatizade Mustafa Ferzi Efendi (1641-1693) (Tuncer,
1978) Vohora & Kumar (1971)
1094

smlakoj d poqntoj, n nioi tiqmallon kalosin, `Rwmaoi d txon, doton onon poln ka xoj, ka
sa toj kneion pepwksin rmzei, paralhpton ka p
tathj.
, ,
,
(Conium maculatum).
1095
[Per smlakoj.] `H d kaloumnh smlax, p' nwn d qmion, par d `Rwmaoij txoj, poqesa pifrei yxin kaq' lou to smatoj, ka pnigmn,
xn te qnaton oj bohqe pnta ka toj t kneion
pepwksi.
1096

Major, 1995.
nihil aeque facere ad viperae morsum quam taxi arboris sucum.
1098
(Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb, 1025).
1099

.
, .
1097

634

Alakbarov (2002) (Tekol, 2007).

(Ayurveda)
(Kupeli, 2003).

.
18 . Harmande de Montgarny.

,
, , , ,
, ,
.
.
8 gr ,
, 0,5-0,65 gr (de
Montgarny, 1790). 19 .
, , . Lowe

(Brian-Brown, 1932).

, ,
20 . (, 1938).

(Voliotis, 1986).
(1959)
, .
,
(Schauenberg & Paris, 1981). ,
1,6 12 gr/kgr
.
(30 90 ) ,
, , , , , ,
( ), , ,
, (, 1938).
, ,
.
. ,
, , , ,
(Schulte, 1975).

1100. , ,

.

1100

Dach & Streuli, 1988, Feldman et al., 1988, Musshoff et al., 1993 Willaert et al., 2002.

635

 3
, ,
(Boericke, 1927).
1970
(Wani et al., 1971).

1993. ( Paclitaxel)
Taxus brevifolia Nutt.,
,
Taxus baccata L.
.
.
,
Taxus, 1990
taxotere (Docetaxel),
10-deacetylbaccatin III,
Taxus baccata L. .

. ,
. ( taxotere)
1993.

636


Abdel-Sattar, A., V. Bankova, A. Kujumgiev, A. Galabov, A. Ignatova, C. Todorova & S. Popov.
1995. Chemical composition and biological activity of leaf exudates from some Lamiaceae plants.
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Abe, F., T. Yamauchi, T. Nagao, J. Kinjo, H. Okabe, H. Higo & H. Akahane.
2002. Ursolic Acid as a Ttrypanocidal Constituent in Rosemary. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 25 (11): 1485-7.
Aelianus, Claudius. 1864. Claudii Aeliani de Natura Animalium Libri xvii, Varia Historia, Epistolae,
Fragmenta, vol. 1. Leipzig: Teubner, R. Hercher.
Agil, A., M. Mir, J. Jimenez, J. Aneiros, M. D. Caracuel, A. Garca-Granados, M. C. Navarro.
1999. Isolation of an Anti-Hepatotoxic Principle from the Juice of Ecballium elaterium. Planta
Medica 65(7), pp. 673-675.
Agrawal, O. P., S. Bharadwaj & R. Mathur.1980. Antifertility effects of fruits of Juniperus
communis. Plant Medica 39, pp. 98-101.
Ahmadiani, A., M. Fereidoni, S. Semnanian, M. Kamalinejad & S. Saremi. 1998. Antinociceptive
and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Sambucus ebulus Rhizome Extract in Rats. Journal of
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Ahumada, C., T. Saenz, D. Garcia, R. De La Puerta, A. Fernandez & E. Martinez. 1997. The
Effects of a Triterpene Fraction Isolated From Crataegus monogyna Jacq. on Different Acute
Inflammation Models in Rats and Mice Leucocyte Migration and Phospholipase A2 Inhibition. J.
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. 1887 & 1890. Athenaei Naucratitae Deipnosophistarum libri xv, 3 vols. Leipzig: Teubner,
G. Kaibel.
, . 1921, 1924. Paulus Aegineta, 2 vols. [Corpus Medicorum Graecorum, vols. 9.1 &
9.2]. Leipzig: Teubner, J.L. Heiberg.
Ainley, W. (ed.). 1977. The Extra Pharmacopoeias. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
Ainsworth, R. 1773. Dictionary English and Latin. A new edition with great additions and
amendments, by Thomas Morell. London.
. 1955, (repr. 1960). Aeschyli Tragoediae. [ (103-145)]. 2nd edn, G.
Murray, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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(, 13.299-300), (, 13.308),
( , , , ., , 14.164-165),
(), (, 14.208)
, , , , , , , ,
. (, 14.112-114, . )
(Keyser & Irby-Massie, 2008).
al-Sulam, Abd al-Azz ( 1155 1208)
al-Sulami Nuri
, 1200 (1200-1208, 596-604),
al-Sahib, Imtihn al-alibb' likffat al-atibb' (Intelligent Examination of All Physicians), ,
(, , , ,
, .). Qnun () Ibn Sn ( 980
1037), Kitb al-Malak ( ) al-Majus (. Haly Abbas, . 982-994),
. 3 (19
.), Bursa (16 .). Gary Leiser
Noury al-Khaledy (2004).
Sabuncuoglu, Serafeddin (15 .)
( , ),
, .
1308. Cerrahiyetl
Haniye ( , 1465),
(Basagaoglu et al., 2006) Mcerrebname ( ). ,
, 191 .
Al-Tasrif Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (9361013),
Sabuncuoglu. 3
.
. Fatih Millet
,
.
Sammonicus, Serenus Quintus (; - 212)
, Geta (189 211) Caracalla (188 217)
. ,
Liber Medicinalis ( De medicina praecepta saluberrima).
1.115 , ,
, ,
abracadabra (. 51).
.
Res reconditae ( 5 ).
60.000 . Historia Augusta (
400 .. ) Sammonicus
Caracalla 212,
Geta 211. De medicina praecepta Johannes
Sulpitius Verulanus, 1484.

682

 (200 .. 65 ..)
(, 1891101)
, .


( 6 7 .) ( Jan Bollanse, Karen Haegemans & Guido
Schepens Keyser & Irby-Massie, 2008).
30 .
( 15 .. 20 ..)
Scribonius Largus ,
(praeceptor, Compositiones, 175 ,
, 13.253). (Scribonius Largus, Compositiones, 201,
203 .), (Scribonius Largus,
Compositiones, 201, , ,
, 13.745.4), (Scribonius Largus, Compositiones, 203),
( , , , 12.784)
(Scribonius Largus, Compositiones, 175),
( Antonia Minor,
). (
),
, .
Celsus (pater) (
, De Medicina, vi.5 & vii.1),
( , 12.843.11
, 13.745), Caelius
Aurelianus (Chronicae Passiones, i.4) ( John Scarborough Keyser & Irby-Massie,
2008).
Vindonius Anatolius ( Vindanius, Vindanionius, Berytius) (4 . ..)
,
Illyricum. ( , , -, Florentinus .). (
, MS Bibliotheque Nationale Gr. 2313 f.
49v.), (6 7 .), (9 10 .).
Vindonius .

1101

683



10 .
.. :

90 .

12 .
.. :

75 1102.

13 .
.. :

.. :

64 .
65 .
66 .
70 .
71 .
355 .

14 .
.. :

69 .

15 .
.. :

.. :

1102

38 ,
(1403).
72 , ,
. ( 1425).
63 ( 1440).
73 .
654 ( 192) ,
.
704 .
1883 .
78 (4198) .
83 (4203) .
151 (4271) .
206 (4326) .
214 (4334) , , .

75 .. ,
,
10 .
. 12 .
(Codex
Vindobonensis Med. Gr. 1, Wien, Nationalbibliothek), 512 .., New
York Pierpoint Morgan 652, 10 .

684

.. :

.. :

16 .
.. :

.. :

.. :
.. :

.. :

216 (4336) .
382 (4502) .
167 (3701) , ,
.
214 (3748) .
265 (3799) .
269 (3342) , .
379 (3452) (15-16 .).

29 , , .
39 , , .
74 .
866 .
891 .
1884 , ,
, (;).
92 (4212) , , .
181 (4301) , .
182 (4302) , ( 1560).
207 (4327) .
217 (4337) , ,
.
218 (4338)
, .
222 (4342) .
329 (4449) .
388 (4508) .
494 (4614) , .
520 (4640) .
535 (4655) , ,
.
182 (4302) , .
692 (4812) .
29 .
985 .
224 (3758) , .
226 (3760) .
289 (3823) .
346 (3880) , .
584 (4118) , .
277 (6616) ( 1583).

685

.. :

.. :
.. :
17 .
.. :

.. :

.. :
.. :

.. :
. . :

686

236 (3309)
.
254 (3327) .
263 (3336) .
317 (2330) , .
69 (4337) .

221 , .
474 .
1083 , .
1132 .
1725 .
1726 .
1728 37 ( 1612).
2164 , (
1619).
174 (4294) , ,
.
180 (4300) , .
182 (4302) ( 1635).
220 (4340) , . (
1644).
316 (4436) , ,
.
689 (4809) .
732 .
766 (4886) .
914 (5034) , , .
927 (5047) ( 1682).
23 (244) .
177 (3250) .
227 (3300) .
239 (3312) .
248 (3321) , , ,
, .,
.
257 (6596) .
247 (3781) , .
274 (3808) , .
( 1647).
521 (4055) .
532 (4066) .

. . :

..
.. :
18 .
.. :

.. :

610 , . ( 1613).
294 (5801) ,
.
835 (6342) , (
1796).
134 (2808) .
243 (2917) , .
274 (2948) ( 1657).
22 (149) , .

67 , .
68 , .
33
99 , ( 1762).
661 .
1083 ,
.
1328 .
1699 .
1724 .
1727 , ,
.
1730 .
1759 ( 1772).
1790 ( 1762).
1877 .
1878 .
1886 .
1889 .
156 (4276) , ,
.
183 (4303) .,
.
196 (4316) .
219 (4339) , ,
.
330 (4450) .
669 (4789) .
687 (4807) .
923 (5043) .
1317 (5437) , .
1359 (5479) .

687

.. :

.. :

.. :
.. :

.. :

.. :
.. :
.. :
19 .
.. :
.. :

.. :
:

42 (
1725).
380 .
381 ,
.
741 , .
262 (5769) , , ,
,
( 1772).
684 (6191) .
793 (6300) , .
844 (6351) .
845 (6352) .
850 (6357) .
37 (739) .
91 (793) .
99 (2432) , , .
256 (2589) () ,
.
38 (2051) .
276 (2289) ,
.
187 (1700) .
313 , , .
214 (3287) .
271 (2945) . (18-19 .).

92 , 1831/ .
377 , ().
378 , , .
( 1807).
379 , , .
.
382 ,
.
584 (;).
69 .

:
.. .

688

 .
(1994).

689

 -
B

,

0,023

Chalcus

0,071

0,189

Siliqua

0,189

0,36 (0,365)

= 2

0,378

Lupinus

0,378

= 3 = 8

0,72 (0,.73)
1,05 ()

Obolus (3 sil.)

0,568

= 1 12

1,095 (0,852)

= 2

1,46 (1,137)

Scrupulum (2 ob.)

1,136

= 3

2,16

Triobolon

1,7
(1,71, 1,794)

= 3 = 6 =
48

4,36 (4,4)
6,3 (6,6) ()

Drachma

3,4
(3,408, 3,42, 3,411, 3,24)

Sicilicus (2 dr.)

6,816

3,40

13,644

13,644

= 8

27,88

Uncia (8 dr.)

27,264

= 1/6

54,58

Sextans
(2 un. = 16 dr.)

54,58

81,86

Quadrans
(3 un. = 24 dr.)

81,792

= 12

324,45

Libra
(12 un. = 96 dr.)

327,168

= 100 = 600
= 4800

436 (436,6)
630 ()

Mina
(16 un. = 128 dr.)

436,224

= 60

25.860
37.800 ()

0,0045 (0,0046)

= 2

0,01 (0,0114)

Concha

0,01
(0,0114)

= 2,5

0,0125

Ligula ()

0,01125

= 5

0,025 (0,0225)

= 10

0,045 (0,038,
0,0476)

0,063

0,068

690

0,025
(0,0225)
Cyathus ()

0,045

,
,

0,0675 (0,0625,
0,057, 0,0684)

= 1.5

0,125 (0,113,
0,137)

= 3

= 6 = 60

0,227
0,253 ()

= 12

0,5 (0,547)

()*

= 2 = 4 = 24

1,09 (1,08 1,094)

= 12 = 72 =
720

3,3 (3,282)

Acetabulum ()

0,0675

Sextans ()

0,090

Quartarius ()

0,135

Triens ()

0,180

Hemina
( & )

0,27

Choenix

0,36

Sextarius
( & )

0,54

Congius

3,25

3,632

3,632
Semodius ()

7,264

4,33
7,264

Modius

8,66

13,130

Urna

13 (13,130)

26,260

Amphora (),
Quadrantal ()

26 (26,260)

Metreta

39 (39,360)

Culleus

520

= 12 = 144 =
39 (39,360)
864 = 8640

*1 .
1 .
71,16 77,88 lt.
: Lindemann & Frber, 2003. (1982).

(1-900)

'
'
'
'
'
' , ' , '
'
'
'

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90

'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'

100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900

691

 Avoirdupois, Troy, ,

Grain (g)

0.06479892

1.2959784

Scruple (scrupulum)

= 1/3 dr = 20 g

Drachm (dr)

= 1/8 oz troy
= 60 g

3.8879352

Ounce troy (oz)

= 480 g

31.103481

Pound troy (lb)

= 12 ozs

373.24177

()

3.2

1280 (1.28 kg)

()

= 44

(UK/USA)

56.32 kg

(UK/USA)
0.059192 ml
0.0616 ml

Fluid minim (drop)

Fluid drachm (f d)

Fl

= 60 f m

3.55153 ml
3.696 ml

Fluid ounce (f oz.)

Fl

=8fd

28.4122 ml
29.568 ml

Gill

= 5 f oz
= 4 f oz

0.142061
0.11829

Pint (pt)

= 4 gills

0.568245
0.47318

Quart (qt)

= 2 pts

1.136491
0.94635

Drop (gtt)

= 0.05 ml

Tea-spoonful
(cochleare minus)

= 1 fluid drachm
= 14 tablespoon =
1
8 fluid ounce

~ 4 5 ml

Dessert-spoonful

=2fd

~ 8 ml

Table-spoonful
(cochleare majus)

= f oz

Wine-glassful

= 1 - 2 f ozs

Tea-cupful

= 5 f ozs

Breakfast-cupful

= 8 f ozs

~ 240 ml

Tumblerful

= 11 f ozs

~ 330 ml

692

~ 0.05 ml

~ 15 20 ml

~ 45 60 ml

~ 150 ml

 19 .
Infusion of Dandelion, &c.
4 fluid ounces of dandelion infusion
Infusi Taraxaci, fiv.
2 fluid drachms of dandelion extract
Extracti Taraxaci, fij.
1
Sod Carbonatis, .
2 drachm of sodium carbonate
3 drachms of potassium tartrate
Potasse Tartratis, iij.
3 fluid drachms of rhubarb tincture
Tinctur Rhei, fiij.
Hyoscyami, gtt. xx.
20 drops of henbane tincture
Fiat mistura. Signa.One third part to be Make mixture. Write: "One third part to
taken three times a day. In dropsical and
be taken three times a day. In dropsical
visceral affections.
and visceral affections."

693

 (Apiaceae, Umbelliferae) & (Brassicaceae, Cruciferae)

&

Foeniculum vulgare

Fennel

Pimpinella anisum L.

Anise

Anethum graveolens L.

Dill

, ,

Daucus carota L.

Carot

()

Carum carvi L.

Caraway

Cuminum cyminum L.

Cumin

Apium graveolens L. var. dulce

Celery

Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum

Celeriac

Sium latifolium L.

Greater Water parsnip

Petroselinum crispum L.

Parsley

()

Coriandrum sativum L.

Coriander

Crithmum maritimum L.

Samphire, rock
samphire,

, ,

Smyrnium olusatrum L.

Alexanders, Alisanders

Tordylium apulum L.

Mediterranean
Hartwort

, ,

Eryngium campestre L.

Field eryngo

Scandix pectin-veneris

Wild chervil, venus

694

Caucalis daucoides L.

comb
,

Smyrnium perfoliatum L.

Oenanthe pimpineloides L.

Tordylium apulum L.

Mediterranean
Hartwort

Bunium ferulaceum Sibth. & Sm.

Angelica archangelica L.

Garden Angelica

Levisticum officinale W.D.J. Koch

Lovage

Heracleum sphondylium L.

Common Hogweed

Ferula communis L.

Giant fennel

Thapsia garganica L.

Ferula assafoetida L.

asafoetida

Ferula gummosa Boiss.

(= F. galbaniflua. Bioss. & Buhse.)

galbanum

Ferula persica Willd.

sagapenum

Ferula moschata Hook

sumbul

Ferula tingitana L.

African Ammoniacum

Silphium, Ferula ?

laser, laserpicium,
lasarpicium

Conium maculatum L.

Hemlock

Cicuta virosa L.

Cowbane, Northern
Water Hemlock

695

696

Lepidium sativum L.

Garden cress

Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton

(. Zingiberaceae)

Cardamom

Brassica oleraceae

Cabbage

(;)

() ()

Brassica oleraceae var. acephala

Curly kale

Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris

(Amaranthaceae)

Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris

(Amaranthaceae)

Beet

Brassica rapa

turnip, turnip rape, fast

plants, field mustard,
turnip mustard

Eruca sativa Mill.

rocket, roquette,
rucola, rugula,
colewort

Sinapis alba L.

White mustard

Brassica nigra L.

Black mustard

Sinapis arvensis L. (= Brassica

arvensis)

Field mustard, Wild

mustard, charlock

, (),
Atriplex hortensis L. (= A.
&
acuminate)
()

Garden Orache, Red

Orach, Mountain
Spinach, French
Spinach

 (Asteraceae, Compositae)

()

(3.137)
() (:11.833.6)

Matricaria chamomilla L.

[,
(Holmes)]

Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.

(= Anthemis nobilis L.)

[,
(Holmes)]

Tussilago farfara L.

[ ,
,
(Holmes)]

(:3.112) (:11.850.15)

()
1,
1
[

Holmes]

[,
/
(Holmes)]

( & )

()
()
/

-

-
6-14 g

-
6-14 g

-

6-14 g

697

 (Lamiaceae, Labiatae)
&

(:3.36)
(:11.887.16)

(3.37)

()

Thymbra capitata (L.)

Cav.

Satureja thymbra L.

()

( & )

3,
3

()

(
),
/

,
/ ,

(3.38)
(:11.877.12)

Thymus serpyllum L.

&

,

(3.38)
(:11.877.12)
,

Thymus atticus C.
Kelak.

Ocimum basilicum L.

[, ,
(Ody)]

2,

[ (Ody)]

(:2.141)
(:12.158.10)

698

,
&

4-10 g

10-30 g
&

10-30 g

[ ]

(:3.35)
(:12.4.3)

Calamintha incana
(Sibth. & Sm.) Boiss.
C. alpina Lmk. ()

3,
3

[ ]
[ ] ()
- [ ] ()
&

/ ()
, ,

(:3.35)
(:12.4.3)

Calamintha nepeta (L.)

Savi ()

(:3.35) (:12.4.3)

Mentha longifolia (L.)

Huds. Calamintha
officinalis L. ()

(:3.39) (:12.118.1)

(:3.25)
(:12.149.3)

Origanum majorana L.

Hyssopus officinalis L.

3 ,
2

3,
3

, ,
,

, ,

4-10 g

C. officinalis:

4-10 g

6-10 g

699



(:3.25)
(:12.149.3)

(:3.26)
(:12.130.13)
,

(:4.174)
(:12.110.4)

700

Micromeria graeca (L.)

Benth. ex Rchb.

Lavandula stoechas L.

Leonurus cardiaca L.

[,
(Ody)]

[,
(Ody)]

4-10 g

()
()

()
()


,

3-15 g

8-14 g (-40g
)

 &

Black pepper

Americanasta

~ 200 ASTA

Sarawakasta
Malay / Singapore
pepper

> 200 ASTA

Piper nigrum L.

Tellicherry pepper
Piperaceae

( Thalassery
Tellicherry, )

Green pepper

White pepper

Long peper

Piper longum L.

Pippali Rasayana

Betel

Piper betle L.

Paan

Kava kava

Piper methysticum
G. Forst

Red pepper, chili

Cayenne

Solanaceae

Pimiento
Sambal

Sambal oelek, Sambal

manis

Jalapenos

,
tabasco

Capsicum annuum

Capsicum
50000-100000 SR

Chiltepin

(
)

,
, 1000023000 SR

Serrano
Coniaoides pepper

tabasco

Ethiopian chili,
African bird's eye

Capsicum frutescens

, 50000175000 SR

Aji pepper

Capsicum baccatum
Jacq.

Peru,
, 30000-

701

50000 SR
Rocoto

. , 50000250000 SR

Capsicum pubescens

, 150000 325000

Scotch bonnet
Capsicum chinense
Jacq.

Habanero

100000 - 350000 SR
&
, 350000
580000 SR

Red Savina
Bhut joloki

Assam 855000 1041427 SR

Allspice, Jamaica
pepper, kurundu,
myrtle pepper,
pimenta

Betel nut
Grains of Selim,
Ethiopian pepper,
kimba p., African p.,
Moor p., Negro p.,
Kani p., Kili p.,
Sngal p.,

Pimenta dioica

Myrtaceae

.
,
jerk spice

Areca catechu L.

Arecaceae

Xylopia aethiopica
(Dunal) A. Rich.

Pink pepper, Brazilian

Pepper Aroeira,
Florida holly, Rose

Pepper,
Christmasberry

Schinus
terebinthifolius
Raddi

Sichuan Szechuan
pepper

Zanthoxylum
piperitum, Z.
simulans, Z.
schinifolium

Grains of paradise,
melegueta pepper,
alligator p., Guinea p.

Aframomum
melegueta K. Schum

Annonaceae

Anacardiaceae

Rutaceae

Zingiberaceae

chaste tree, Monk's

Pepper

Vitex agnus-castus

Lamiaceae

Fenugreek

Trigonella foenumgraecum

Fabaceae

ASTA:
SR:

702

.
Scoville (scale) Rating, .


LYCOPODIOPHYTA
Lycopodiaceae

Lycopodium clavatum L.

PTERIDOPHYTA
Adiantaceae
Aspleniaceae
Equisetaceae

Adiantum capillus- veneris L.

Ceterach officinarum DC.
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) ewm.
Equisetum arvense L.

MAGNOLIOPHYTA
GYMNOSPERMAE
Cupressaceae

Taxaceae

Juniperus communis L.
Juniperus drupacea Labill.
Juniperus oxycedrus L.
Juniperus macrocarpa Sibth. & Sm.
Juniperus phoenicea L.
Taxus baccata L.

ANGIOSPERMAE
DICOTYLEDONES
Anacardiaceae
Apiaceae

Araliaceae
Aristolochiaceae
Asteraceae

Pistacia terebinthus L.
Pistacia lentiscus L.
Achillea milefolium L.
Anethum graveolens L.
Daucus carota L.
Foeniculum vulgare iller
Pimpinella anisum L.
Hedera helix L.
Aristolochia clematitis L.
Aristolochia fontanesii Boiss. & Reut.
Aristolochia rotunda L.
Arctium lappa L.
Artemisia absinthium L.
Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.
Cichorium endivia L.
Cichorium intybus L.
Cichorium spinosum L.
Inula helenium L.
Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Mrat.
Leontodon tuberosus L.
703

Brassicaceae
Caprifoliaceae

Cistaceae

Cucurbitaceae
Ericaceae
Euphorbiaceae
Fabaceae
Fagaceae

Gentianaceae
Hypericaceae
Juglandaceae
Lamiaceae

Lauraceae
Malvaceae

704

Matricaria recutita (L.) Rausch.

Taraxacum officinale Weber
Tragopogon porrifolius L.
Tragopogon pratensis L.
Brassica nigra L.
Sinapis alba L.
Lonicera caprifolium L.
Lonicera periclymenum L.
Sambucus ebulus L.
Sambucus nigra L.
Cistus incanus L.
Cistus incanus subsp. creticus L.
Cistus monspeliensis L.
Cistus salvifolius L.
Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich.
Arbutus unedo L.
Arbutus andrachne L.
Euphorbia spp.
Ceratonia siliqua L.
Castanea sativa Miller
Quercus coccifera L.
Quercus ilex L.
Quercus macrolepis Kotschy
Quercus pubescens Willd.
Centaurium erythraea Rafn.
Gentiana lutea L.
Hypericum perforatum L.
Juglans regia L.
Melissa officinalis L.
Melittis melissophyllum L.
Mentha x piperata L.
Mentha pulegium L.
Ocimum basilicum L.
Origanum dictamnus L.
Origanum heracleoticum L.
Origanum onites L.
Origanum vulgare L.
Prunella vulgaris L.
Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Salvia officinalis L.
Satureja thymbra L.
Thymus atticus C. Kelak
Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav.
Thymus serpyllum L.
Thymus vulgaris L.
Laurus nobilis L.
Althaea cannabina L.
Althaea officinalis L.
Malva parviflora L.
Malva rotundifolia L.

Moraceae
Papaveraceae
Plantaginaceae
Platanaceae
Primulaceae
Punicaceae
Ranunculaceae
Rosaceae

Salicaceae

Solanaceae

Malva sylvestris L.
Ficus carica L.
Morus nigra L.
Morus alba L.
Papaver rhoeas L.
Plantago lanceolata L.
Plantago major L.
Plantago media L.
Platanus orientalis L.
Lysimachia vulgaris L.
Punica granatum L.
Helleborus cyclophyllus Boissier
Helleborus niger L.
Helleborus orientalis Lam.
Agrimonia eupatoria L.
Crataegus azarolus L.
Crataegus laevigata (Poir.) DC.
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
Crataegus orientalis allas ex ieb.
Rubus canescens DC.
Rubus fruticosus L.
Rubus idaeus L.
Sanguisorba officinalis L.
Salix alba L.
Salix elaeagnos Scop.
Salix purpurea L.
Salix triandra L.
Atropa belladonna L.
Datura stramonium L.
Mandragora autumnalis L.
Mandragora officinarum L.
Solanum nigrum L.

705

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A

Achillea millefolium ..290, 295, 326, 516, 625, 643,

660, 661
Adiantum capillus-veneris........ 232, 238, 280, 651
Agrimonia eupatoria................. 227, 516, 643, 700
Althaea cannabina ............................ 109, 112, 699
Althaea officinalis .....108, 109, 145, 231, 414, 517,
660, 699
Anethum graveolens .255, 481, 558, 560, 635, 645,
647, 652, 659, 689, 698
Arbutus andrachne ........................... 268, 272, 699
Arbutus unedo................... 268, 272, 654, 664, 699
Arctium lappa ...512, 516, 522, 648, 660, 663, 664,
698
Aristolochia clematitis .............................. 588, 698
Aristolochia fontanesii .............................. 588, 698
Aristolochia rotunda ......................... 588, 589, 698
Artemisia absinthium231, 386, 469, 476, 487, 489,
698
Atropa belladonna ..7, 91, 106, 164, 165, 166, 167,
173, 175, 176, 185, 188, 700

Ficus carica..89, 284, 382, 638, 640, 654, 656, 657,

700
Foeniculum vulgare ..231, 248, 257, 558, 638, 641,
649, 657, 689, 698

Inula helenium.......68, 69, 129, 339, 599, 638, 640,

641, 650, 698

Brassica nigra............................................ 617, 699

C
Castanea sativa.................................... 82, 636, 699
Centaurium erythraea ..... 428, 545, 546, 550, 644,
662, 699
Ceratonia siliqua ......................... 96, 639, 654, 699
Ceterach officinarum.236, 237, 238, 265, 267, 698
Chamaemelum nobile ............... 296, 297, 692, 698
Cichorium endivia............................. 528, 529, 698
Cichorium intybus ......25, 379, 528, 529, 530, 641,
643, 660, 698
Cichorium spinosum ......................... 528, 529, 698
Cistus incanus.....134, 135, 140, 141, 635, 637, 699
Cistus monspeliensis ......... 133, 135, 142, 635, 699
Cistus salvifolius................................ 134, 141, 699
Crataegus azarolus.................... 571, 572, 573, 700
Crataegus laevigata................... 571, 573, 575, 700
Crataegus monogyna .571, 573, 575, 633, 635, 700
Crataegus orientalis .......................... 571, 573, 700

D
Datura metel...............167, 172, 173, 175, 176, 177
Datura stramonium ..166, 172, 173, 176, 177, 638,
644, 700
Daucus carota.....231, 240, 247, 451, 547, 689, 698

E
Equisetum arvense ............................ 191, 193, 698
Euphorbia..155, 162, 280, 394, 404, 407, 414, 664,
699

706

G
Gentiana lutea ................68, 69, 499, 649, 654, 699

H
Hedera helix ......155, 157, 638, 639, 641, 642, 644,
651, 661, 698
Helleborus cyclophyllus............................ 391, 700
Helleborus niger................................ 391, 646, 700
Helleborus orientalis................................. 391, 700
Hypericum perforatum ... 194, 554, 556, 642, 643,
652, 699

J
Juglans regia........................ 87, 255, 634, 657, 699
Juniperus communis................. 633, 638, 652, 698
Juniperus drupacea .......................................... 698
Juniperus macrocarpa.............................. 459, 698
Juniperus oxycedrus ......................................... 698
Juniperus phoenicea ......................................... 698

L
Laurus nobilis.....117, 158, 474, 651, 657, 661, 699
Leontodon taraxacoides............ 518, 519, 520, 698
Leontodon tuberosus ........................ 518, 519, 698
Lonicera caprifolium ................................ 608, 699
Lonicera periclymenum............................ 608, 699
Lycopodium clavatum ...... 261, 264, 651, 653, 698

M
Malva parviflora ............................... 109, 143, 699
Malva rotundifolia ............................ 109, 143, 699
Malva sylvestris................. 109, 143, 643, 661, 700
Mandragora autumnalis................... 181, 182, 700
Mandragora officinarum7, 32, 165, 166, 167, 181,
400, 549, 700
Melissa officinalis...................... 221, 567, 578, 699
Melittis melissophyllum............................ 579, 699
Mentha pulegium .......309, 310, 360, 370, 453, 699
Mentha x piperata..................................... 310, 699
Morus alba......................... 282, 287, 288, 660, 700
Morus nigra....................... 273, 282, 288, 659, 700

O
Origanum dictamnus 302, 449, 450, 641, 644, 647,
656, 699
Origanum heracleoticum.................. 441, 442, 699
Origanum onites................................ 441, 442, 699
Origanum vulgare......441, 442, 445, 447, 657, 699

P
Papaver rhoeas.................. 148, 152, 387, 659, 700
Phyllitis scolopendrium .................... 237, 265, 698
Pimpinella anisum......334, 633, 648, 653, 689, 698
Pistacia lentiscus329, 330, 429, 430, 557, 633, 634,
635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 641, 642, 643, 646, 648,
650, 651, 657, 664, 698
Pistacia terebinthus...328, 430, 431, 643, 648, 654,
661, 698
Plantago lanceolata ...537, 539, 541, 544, 652, 662,
700
Plantago major...........537, 538, 539, 541, 542, 700
Plantago media.................. 537, 541, 544, 648, 700
Platanus orientalis..................... 175, 613, 652, 700
Prunella vulgaris .......217, 218, 220, 222, 579, 584,
651, 660, 663, 699
Punica granatum.......204, 210, 287, 311, 554, 639,
643, 646, 647, 658, 664, 700

Q
Quercus coccifera...................................... 197, 699
Quercus ilex............................... 197, 643, 647, 699
Quercus macrolepis .......................... 196, 197, 699
Quercus pubescens.................................... 197, 699

R
Rosmarinus officinalis 69, 115, 207, 312, 472, 634,
640, 644, 645, 658, 664, 699
Rubus canescens........................ 273, 274, 277, 700
Rubus fruticosus .94, 158, 231, 273, 278, 283, 634,
700
Rubus idaeus ............................................. 273, 700

S
Salix alba.................................... 202, 203, 207, 700
Salix elaeagnos................................................... 700
Salix purpurea........................................... 202, 700
Salix triandra............................................. 203, 700
Salvia officinalis 346, 547, 557, 558, 633, 636, 652,
658, 662, 699
Sambucus ebulus........320, 321, 326, 633, 656, 699
Sambucus nigra...67, 320, 321, 324, 434, 532, 638,
644, 656, 661, 663, 699
Sanguisorba minor............................................ 224
Sanguisorba officinalis...................... 224, 225, 700
Sinapis alba................................ 617, 624, 642, 699
Solanum nigrum103, 107, 164, 633, 645, 655, 660,
700

T
Taraxacum officinale ..69, 231, 472, 516, 518, 519,
520, 638, 639, 647, 661, 699

Taxus baccata 7, 627, 629, 630, 632, 639, 642, 648,

652, 658, 660, 662, 663, 698
Tragopogon porrifolius .................... 378, 379, 699
Tragopogon pratensis ....................... 378, 380, 699

................................................. 601, 608

................................................... 190, 227
......................................... 196, 197
............................................ 68, 81, 108, 109
........................................................ 481, 689
.................................................................... 196
............................................ 587, 588
.................................................... 427, 458
........................................................ 507, 512
................................................ 427, 487, 488

........................................... 507, 553

............................................. 81, 122, 693
.............................................. 260, 273
................................................... 196, 197
................................................................ 320
............................................ 190, 217

................................................. 368, 404

......................................... 68, 69, 427, 499
.......................................... 319, 334, 689

......................................................... 427, 474

......................................... 69, 81, 115
............................................ 427, 449, 451
...................................................... 68, 190, 196
.............................................. 279, 309, 310

............................................. 68, 69, 319, 339

.................................................... 154, 164

............................................. 507, 545

..................................................... 356, 693
..................................................... 319, 354

........................................................ 626, 627

............................................................ 190, 202

............................................... 230, 240, 689

......................................................... 81, 87
....................................................... 81, 82
................................................................ 458
........................................................ 154, 155
............................................. 319, 328

707

.......................................................... 260
......................................... 67, 319, 320
.................................................. 570, 571

.................................................... 132, 133

.................................................. 260, 261

............................................ 171, 181

............................................ 230, 248, 689
.................................................. 657
............................................ 570, 578
..................................................... 132, 143
...................................................... 279, 282

....................................................... 507, 528

................................................................ 442
.......................................................... 190, 210

............................................ 260, 265

..................................................... 230, 237
................................................. 171, 172
........................................................ 81, 103
.......................................................... 368, 382
......................................................... 427, 429

.............................................. 368, 378

................................................ 132, 148

................................................ 507, 537
............................................ 368, 416
............................................ 69, 507, 518
................................................... 601, 613
................................................. 190, 191
................................................... 230, 232
.................................................... 196, 197

708

................................................ 319, 346

.................................................. 309, 310

................................................. 279, 296

............................................... 81, 96, 660

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24, 145-61
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