Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 44

MOHAN SHARAN

Safety Consultant

EFFECTS OF ELECTRICAL
SHOCK
Organ Burns.

6000

Heart paralysis

300

Ventricular fibrillation

100

Respiratory paralysis

75

Let-go threshold

40.00

Pain

10

Muscle contractions

1.5

Perception

1.5
0

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

ELECTRICAL
ACCIDENTS- STATISTICS

ALMOST 12 PEOPLE DIE DUE


TO ELECTROCUTION EVERY
DAY.

42 % OF TOTAL FIRES OCCUR


DUE TO ELECTRICAL
SOURCES

8% DEATHS THAT OCCUR IN


FACTORIES ARE DUE TO
ELECTRICITY

SOME MORE FACTS ABOUT


ELECTRICAL INCIDENT

40,000 RESIDENTIAL FIRES ANNUALLY ARE


CAUSED DUE TO DEFECTIVE ELECTRICAL
WIRING SYSTEMS.A

7, 000 FIRES DUE TO DEFECTIVE DEFECTIVE


ELECTRIC CORDS AND PLUGS.

9,000 FIRES DUE TO DEFECTIVE LAMPS AND


LIGHT FIXTURES.

5,000 FIRES DUE TO DEFECTIVE SWITCHES

ABOUT 3,600 PEOPLE ARE TREATED FOR


INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH EXTENSION
CORDS.

10

INHERENT
CHARACTERISTICS
HEAT

ELECTROMAGNETIC

FIELD

ELECTROLYSIS

11

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

ELECTRICAL SHOCK

BURNS

DUE TO CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE


BODY

FLASH OVERS, SPARKING, ARCING, ETC.

CONTACT WITH OVERHEATED


APPLIANCES BLOWN FUSES ETC.

HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO THE RELEASE OF


TOXIC GASES E.G. OZONE.

EYE DAMAGE DUE TO RELEASE OF U.V.RAYS.


FIRE AND EXPLOSIONS.

MOTORS

12

DIFINITION OF ELECTRIC
SHOCK
HAVE

YOU EVER BEEN


SHOCKED?

ELECTRIC

SHOCK IS DEFINED
AS SUDDEN STIMULATION OF
THE BODYS NERVOUS SYSTEM
DUE TO THE PASSAGE OF
ELECTRIC CURRENT

13

EFFECT OF CURRENT ON HUMAN BODY

CURRENT IN MILIAMPS

EFFECTS

SAFE CURRENT VALUES


LESS THAN 1- NOT FELT, NO SENSATION.
1 TO 8 - SENSATION OF SHOC NOT PAINFUL
CAN LET GO. AT WILL

UNSAFE VALUES
8 TO 15 - PAINFUL SHOCK CAN LET GO.
15 TO 20 - PAINFUL SHOCK MUSCULAR CONTROL LOST CAN NOT LET GO.
20 TO 50 PAINFUL SERVERE MUSCULAR CONTRATION BREATHING DIFFICULT.

50 TO 100 (POSSIBLE)

VENTCICULAR

100 TO 200 (CERTAIN)

FIBRILLATION

OVER- 200 - SEVERE BURNS SEVERE MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS SO SEVERE


THATCHEST MUSCULARS SQUEEZE THE HEART AND STOP IT IN THE DIRECTION
OF SHOCK

THIS PREVENTS VENTRICULAR FIGRILLATION.

14

ELECTRIC SHOCK
OCCURS WHEN
BODY BECOMES PART OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT.
CURRENT MUST ENTER THE BODY AT ONE POINT AND LEAVE
AT ANOTHER . CONDITION TO BE MET, PERSON MUST COME
IN CONTACT BY TOUCHING.
BOTH WIRES OF THE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.
ONE WIRE OF THE ENERGISED CIRCUIT AND THE GROUND.
A METALLIC PART WHICH HAS BECOME HOT BEING IN
CONTACT WITH ENERGISED WIRE, WHILE THE PERSON IS
ALSO IN CONTACT WITH THE GROUND.

SOME OTHER FACTORS


1. CIRCUIT INCIDENTALLY SWITCHED ON
2. WRONG CONNECTIONS
3. COMING IN CONTACT WITH UNDERGROUND CABLE WHILE
DIGGING.

15

SEVERITY OF INJURY FROM SHOCK


DEPENDS UPON

AMOUNT OF CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE BODY.

PATH OF CURRENT THROUGH THE BODY.

TYPE OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE VICTIM DRY-WET.

PSYCOLOGICAL CONDITION.

FLOW OF CURRENT DEPEND UPON

VOLTAGE OF CURRENT

RESISTANCE OFFERED BY SKIN

CLOTHING FLOORING INSULATION ETC.

16

FACTORS AFFECTING THE


RESISTANCE
EVERY SUBSTANCE THROUGH WHICH THE CURRENT FLOWS HAS A
RESISTANCE AND FACTORS AFFECTING ARE.
NATURE
LENGTH : CROSS SECTION, SP RESISTANCE TEMP ETC.
RESISTANCE OF 10 SWG SOLD
COPPER- 1092/100 FT SAME SIZE RUBBER
MILLIONS OF OHMS.

CONDITIONS:
HUMIDITY: DRY WOOD A GOOD INSULATOR SATURATED WITH WATER
COULD CONDUCT ELECTRICITY EASILY.
IMPURITIES : PURE WATER IS NOT A CONDUCTOR SMALL AMOUNT OF
SALT OR ACID MAKES IT CONDUCTOR.

17

HUMAN RESISTANCE TO
ELECTRICAL CURRENT

BODY AREA

RESISTANCE (OHMS)

DRY SKIN

100 000 TO 600 000

WET SKIN

1000

EAR TO EAR

ABOUT 100

FOR THE SAME VOLTAGE DIFFERENT EFFECTS


18

CAUSES OF ELECTRICAL FIRES

OVERLOAD

SERIOUS

PRESENT

LOOSE CONNECTIONS

SHORT CIRCUITS

EARTH FAULTS

APPLICATIONS

HEATERS
LAMPS

SPARKING/ ARCING (Welding/Grinding)

POOR HOUSE KEEPING

DEFECTIVE WIRING

OVER HEATING OF APPLIANCES IN FLAMMABLE ARE AS OR


NOT USING EXPLOSION PROOF EQUIPMENT

STATIC SPARK

19

20

EQUIPMENT FOR HAZARDOUS


AREAS

WHERE THERE IS PRESENCE OF HAZARDOUS


ATMOSPHERE, ELECTRIC CONSTITUTES ONE OF THE
SOURCE OF IGNITION FOR FIRE/ EXPLOSION.
IT IS THEREFORE IMPERATIVE TO SELECT RIGHT TYPE
OF EQUIPMENT.
THE PROTECTION IS CLASSIFIED INTO THREE ZINES :
ZONE 0 : EXPLOSIVE GAS/AIR MIXTURE IS PRESENT
CONTINUOUSLY.
ZONE 1 : EXPLOSIVE GAS/ AIR MIXTURE IS PRESENT
DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS.
ZONE 2 : EXPLOSIVE GAS/AIR MIXTURE IS NOT PRESENT
DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS. IF PRESENT IT IS ONLY
FOR A SHORT TIME

21

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION

FUSES
PROVIDED TO PROTECT AGAINST SHORT CIRCUITS
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
PROVIDED TO PROTECT EQUIPMENT NOT PEOPLE
GFCIS/ ELCBS
PROVIDED TO PROTECT PEOPLE (TRIP RANGE 4-6MA)
DISTANCE
IF YOU SENSE THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRICAL
HAZARD OR EXPOSED CONDUCTORS THAT MAY BE
ENERGIZED, KEEP YOUR DISTANCE, STAY AWAY AND
INFORM THE CONCERNED.
22

EARTHING SYSTEMS
THERE ARE TWO TYPE OF EARTHING
SYSTEM EARTHING
PROVIDED FOR EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF THE ELECTRICAL
SYSTEM
PROTECTIVE EARTHING
PROVIDED FOR PROTECTION TO LIVING BEINGS.
EARTHING REQUIREMENTS
THE EARTHED SYSTEM NEUTRAL SHALL HAVE TWO DISTINCT
EARTH PITS APART FROM THE BODY EARTH WHICH SHALL
ALSO BE TWO AND DISTINCT.
THE BODY OF ALL ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SHALL BE
EARTHED BY TWO SEPARATE
THE EARTH CONDUCTORS SHALL BE ADEQUATELY SIZED AS
PER IE RULES.
THE RESISTANCE OF THE EARTH STATION SHALL BE
MEASURED REGULARLY AND MAINTAINED WITH IN THE
23
PERMISSIBLE LIMITS.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION BEFORE


ANY MAINTENANCE WORK

ENVIRONMENT
WET OR DRY
INDOORS OR OUTDOORS
OPEN OR CRAMPED
WELL LIT OR DIM
OVERHEAD WIRES OR PRESENCE OF EXPOSED
CONDUCTORS.
PRESENCE OF HEAT SOURCE
PRESENCE OF INFLAMMABLE GASSES
STATIC ELECTRICITY
24

CONDITION OF
EQUIPMENT
AGE OF EQUIPMENT
INTEGRITY OF GROUNDING SYSTEM
INTERNAL SAFETY MECHANISMS
OPERATING VOLTAGE
ELECTRICAL WIRING AND LOADS
INCURRED

25

PRECAUTIONS PRIOR TO
ELECTRICAL MAINTENANCE
There

are three categories of working on


Electrical systems:
working on Dead System
Working on live System
Working in the vicinity on Live Installation

26

PRIOR PRECAUTIONARY STEPS TO


BE TAKEN ARE

ISOLATE ALL SUPPLY SOURCES


LOCK ALL OPERATING MECHANISMS
VERIFY THAT THE SUPPLY IS DEAD.
GROUND AND SHORT CIRCUIT THE WORKING
SYSTEM BARRICADE ALL ADJACENT LIVE
INSTALLATIONS
ISSUE NECESSARY WORK PERMIT
RESTORE SUPPLY ONLY AFTER WITHDRAWAL
OF WORK PERIT
27

SOME CAUSES FOR ELECTRICAL


FIRE

SPARK/ IGNITION FROM AN ELECTRICAL


ENERGY
FOR SPARK/ IGNITION TO TAKE PLACE FROM
AN ELECTRICAL SOURCE, THE FOLLOWING
MUST OCCUR:
THE ELECTRICAL WIRING, EQUIPMENT, OR
COMPONENT MUST HAVE BEEN ENERGIZED.
SUFFICIENT HEAT AND TEMPERATURE MUST
BE PRODUCED BY THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY
AT THE POINT OF ORIGIN TO IGNITE A
COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL
28

ELECTRIC FIRES MAY ORGINATE FROM


ANY OF THE FOLLOWING CAUSES :

SHORT CIRCUITS (SPARKS/ HEAT)


GROUND FAULTS (INCLUDING LEAKAGE'S)
LOOSE CONTACTS (ARCING)
OVER LOADING (HEATING)
OVER HEATING (OVENS)
DEFECTIVE WIRING
STATIC ELECTRIC CHARGE BUILD UP
SPARKS (WELDING/ GRINDING)
POOR HOUSE KEEPING
29

ELECTRICAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT

PROVISION AND INSPECTION OF PPE


PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
WITH CHECKLISTS
CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT
ACCIDENT REPORTING, INVESTIGATION AND
ANALYSIS
AUDIT AND COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES
TRAINING, COMPETENCE, RETRAINING
REQUIREMENT
COMPLIANCE OF SAFETY REQUIREMENT BY
CONTRACTORS.

30

PROTECTION- OVERLOAD CURRENT


PROTECTIVE DEVICE AGAINST OVERLOAD CURRENT ARE
INTENDED TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT
OR PART OF AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DUE TO THE HEATING
EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT.
CAUSES OF OVERLOAD:
TOO MANY EQUIPMENT CONNECTED TO CIRCUIT.
ELECTRICAL FAULT IN AN EQUIPMENT.
CONNECTING AN EQUIPMENT NEEDING A LARGE CURRENT TO
FLOW IN THE CIRCUIT E.G. HEATERS, MOTORS ETC.

HAZARDS OF PERSISTENT OVERLOAD


PERMANENT DAMAGE TO THE CABLES OF INSTALLATION.
POSSIBILITY OF A FIRE, EITHER AT THE TIME OF OVERLOAD, OR
LATER AS A RESULT OF REPEATED OVERLOAD. DAMAGE TO
INSULATION.

31

ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT
OCCURS MANLY DUE TO

ERRORS IN DESIGN OR SELECTION

SUBSTANDERD
INSTALLATION
PRACTICES
CONNECTIONS, MECH. INJURY NO EARTHING ETC.

BAD MAINTENANCE, LOOSE CONNECTIONS


CURRENTS, EARTHING DISCONNECTED ETC.

APPOTING UN SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURE

IN ADEQUATE PROTECTION BY WORK MAN

IN ADEQUATE WORK SPACE

STRUCTURES IN THE VICINITY OF LIVE CONDUCTORS.

EMPLOYING
UNSKILLED/
UNAUTHORISED
PERSONNEL
ELECTRIC MOTORS GETTING EXCESSIVE HOT UNDER VERY
ABNORMAL CONDITION- E.G. OVER LOADING PARKING, DIRT
IN OPEN MOTOR

TEMP

LEAKAGE

32

HEATING AND ARCING OF LOE CONNECTION

ELECTRIC SHOCK PREVENTION

USING LOW VOLTAGE ELECTRIC


EARATHING OF EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYMENT OF AUTHORISED PERSONNEL FOR ELECT. JOB
ONLY.
WARNING SINGS.
PREVENTING HUMAN BODY BECOMING A PART OF ELECT
CIRCUIT BY
KEEPING BARE CONDUCTORS, OUT OF REACH
PROVIDING FENCING BARRIERS, ENCLOSURES
INSULATION, MAKING KNOB OF HANDLES SWITCH OF INSULATED
MATERIAL
USING INSULATED TOOLS.
PROVIDING ADEQUATE WORK SPACE
WORKING ON- DEAD LINES
USE OF RUBBER MAT, INSULATED SHOES
ADOPTING, WORK PERMIT PROCEDURES
USING ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS.
33
USING TRIPPING DEVICE IN THE CKT. ETC.

METHOD OF PROTECTION
ISOLATION

PROVIDING BARRIERS, ENCLOSURES

KEEPING BARE CONDUCTORS AT HEIGHTS INSULATION

INSULATING LIVE WIRES

PROVIDING RUBBER MATS

USING INSULATED TOOLS

MAKING HANDLES, KNOB OF INSULATING MATERIALS.

GROUNDING

USING ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS OR DOUBLE INSULATED


EQUIPMENT

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION.

FUSES

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

REPAIRS BY OUTHORISED PERSONS

WARNING SIGNS.

USING, LOW VOLTAGE, ELECTRICITY

34

ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES

ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE DEVICES ARE USED THROUGHOUT


AND ELECT SYSTEM FROM THE POINT OF GENERATION EG A
POWER HOUSE, (THROUGH ALL THE STAGES OF TRANSMISSION)
TO THE POINT OF FINAL USE.
PURPOSE
TO PROTECT ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND ITS ASSOCIATED
EQUIPMENT FROM DAMAGE TO VALUES OF VOLTAGE OR
CURRENT EXCEEDING DESIGN LEVEL.
TO ISOLATE FAULTS IN THE PART OF THE SYSTEM
TO PROTECT INDIVIDUALS FROM DEATH OR INJURY.
35

11 KV LINE

PERSON INVOLVED
ONE CONTRACT HELPER

EFFECT
SHOCK
FLASH BURNS & SLIP

36

33 KV SWITCHGEAR
Persons involved

FIVE
HELPER
ENGINEER
TECHNICIAN

TWO
OPERATORS
ARC FLASH

37

38

LETHAL EFFECTS
39

Death is Certain
TR

40

FIRST AID- ELECTRICAL


SHOCK

IF THE VICTIM IS
UNCONSCIOUS, PUT
HIM/ HER ON SIDE
TO LET FLUIDS
DRAIN.

MAKE SURE THE


VICTIM RECEIVES
PROFESIONAL
MEDICAL
ATTENTION
(PERSON SHOCKED
COULD
HAVE
HEART
FAILURE
HOURS LATER)
41

IN RESPONSE TO AN ELECTRICAL
ACCIDENT FOLLOW THESE STEPS
IMMEDIATELY

CALL FOR HELP (CANT BE HANDLED BY ONE PERSON))


PUT OFF THE SUPPLY.
SEPARATE THE PERSON FROM THE ELECTRICAL
CIRCUIT
MAKE SURE YOU AND THE VICTIM ARE IN A SAFE ZONENOT IN CONTACT WITH ANY ELECTRICAL SOURCE.
NEVER TOUCH THE PERSON IN CONTACT WITH THE
SUPPLY; YOU MIGHT BECOME PART OF THE CIRCUIT
AND BE ELECTROCUTED AS WELL

42

USE A DRY WOOD, LEATHER BELT, PLASTIC


ROPE OR A NON-CONDUCTIVE MATERIAL LIKE
WOOD OR PLASTIC TO FREE THE PERSON
FROM THE ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
GET THE FIRST-AID SUPPLIES KIT (THIS
SHOULD BE EASILY ACCESSIBLE WHEN
REQUIRED)
ADMINISTER FIRST AID/APPLY MOUTH-TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION AND/OR CPR; (KNOW
WHAT TO DO)
KEEP THE VICTIM LYING DOWN, WARM AND
COMFORTABLE TO MAINTAIN BODY HEAT
UNTIL HELP ARRIVES. DO NOT MOVE THE
PERSON IN CASE OF INJURY TO NECK OR BACK
43

THANKS

44

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi