Cortney Forgette

19700 14 Mile Rd
Big Rapids, MI 49307
December 10, 2014
Perk Weisenburger
Athletic Director
Athletics Department
Ferris State University
Big Rapids, MI 49307

Dear Mr. Perk Weisenburger,

The attached report proposes the request of adding a varsity-level Equestrian team to Ferris States
athletic program. My role on the equestrian team has given me personal insight into the dynamics of the
Intercollegiate Equestrian world. Based on my personal experiences and the data I have compiled, I
believe that Ferris State University, its students, and surrounding community will benefit from the
addition of a varsity-level Equestrian team to the athletic programs.
I expand on multiple benefits such as increasing and diversifying the athletic program, increased
scholarship opportunities, team growth, more practice opportunities, and better funding. Horseback
riding is a unique sport and will contribute to what makes Ferris State special.
I am happy to discuss further plans about making this proposal a reality in the future. Please feel free to
contact me when you are available to discuss this possibility. I look forward to hearing from you.

Kindly,

Cortney A. Forgette
Ferris State Equestrian Club Team Member
forgetc@ferris.edu
(906) 295-0201 cell

Attachment

FERRIS STATE UNIVERSITY

PROPOSAL OF A VARSITY EQUESTRIAN TEAM

Prepared for
Perk Weisenburger
Athletic Director
Ferris State University

Prepared by
Cortney A. Forgette
Ferris State Equestrian Club Team Member
Ferris State University

November 18, 2014

Table of Contents
Executive Summary.1
Introduction..2
Current Situation..2
Benefits of Having a Varsity Equestrian Team..2
Background of Intercollegiate Equestrian2-3
Riders Safety..3
Ferris State Athletic History..3
Equestrian as an Emerging Sport3-4
Three Part Test.4
Male vs. Female Student Athletes4
Male Participation4
Regional and National Championships..4
Recruitment and Scholarship Opportunities ...5
Ferris State vs. Albion State Score Comparison..5
Practice Resources..5-6
Other Facility Options..6
Conclusion....6-7
Appendix I Fact sheet.8
About IHSA..8
Levels of Riding Ranked by Skill..8
Championship Events8
Appendix II Definitions..9
Gaits of a Horse.9
Ring Steward Responsibilities/Duties.9
Styles of Horseback Riding.9-10
Appendix III Point Values...11-12
Works Cited..13

Executive Summary
This report promotes the idea of adding a Ferris State University varsity Equestrian team to our
athletic programs. It describes how the addition will benefit the university, students, and community
members. Currently at Ferris State, there is a club Equestrian team supported by Ferris State Club Sports
program. The Equestrian club at Ferris State participates in Intercollegiate Equestrian events, and
competes against other varsity, or varsity-level teams and colleges.
A varsity equestrian team would benefit the community, students, and the university through:
more scholarship opportunities, an expanded athletic program, making the university more
accommodating to equestrians, helping promote the equestrian sport, team growth via more
recognition, and more practice opportunities for riders.
Unlike non-collegiate equestrian events, riders do not use their own horses. The horses are
chosen at random in order to test a riders true horsemanship ability. This may sound dangerous, but
the horses brought to these shows are trained, warmed-up, and evaluated by a ring steward to
determine if they are fit to show that day.
The earliest successors of Ferris State University did not want Ferris to become a one sport
school. Today it offers multiple sports for both men and women. Adding a varsity equestrian team
would expand the universitys programs even more-so than what they already are, and continue the
growth of the university.
Equestrian is already viewed to be an emerging sport in the Title IX journal and it meets all of
the requirements to the Three-Part-Test. Over 8,300 riders participate in the IHSA intercollegiate horse
events every year and over 370 colleges (IHSA). Ferris has always been a predominantly male school.
The number of female and male athletes is extensively unequal. A total of 259 male athletes and 136
female athletes attend Ferris State. Even if the team were mainly all female, the average team size being
45 riders, it would not even make the gap between male and female athletes even out.
In order to be a sport, the program must participate in intercollegiate events and have national
and regional championships (Title IX). The IHSA Intercollegiate Equestrian teams compete in regional,
zone finals, semi-finals, and national championships.
In the report, I compare the team scores of the Ferris State Equestrian Club and the Albion
College Equestrian Team. Albions scores are significantly greater than Ferris. This is due to their access
to multiple resources and recruitment opportunities that club sports, such as Ferris do not have
available to them. I also include various facilities that Ferris could practice at if the varsity status and
privileges were granted to the club.
Based on the data, potential gains for the university, and more, it is clear that Ferris State
University will benefit from the addition of a varsity-level Equestrian program.

Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to propose adding a co-ed varsity equestrian team to the Ferris
State Athletics program. Currently, Ferris has a club equestrian team recognized and supported by Club
Sports. Adding a varsity-level Equestrian team would not only benefit the university, but it would also
benefit the student equestrian athletes who work so hard to compete with the other intercollegiate
varsity-level athletes. Perhaps, if Ferris recognized it as a varsity-level sport, then our athletes would be
more competitive and benefit from more resources and opportunities. The current lack of funding,
recruitment, and attention to Ferris State Equestrian athletes has stunted the growth of the university
as a whole. The equestrian sport is gaining popularity every year. Adding the unique sport of
equestrianism to Ferriss Athletic Programs will open doors for current equestrians, provide new
opportunities for new equestrians, and attract a unique student group to Ferris State University.
Current Situation
Club sports are for those who want to engage in a sport or activity that does not require as
much commitment, time, experience, athletic ability, and arent as competitive as a varsity sport. Club
Sports provides an opportunity for students to participate in the sport that they love, without the
constraints and demands of a varsity sport. They are merely for recreational purposes. Members of the
Ferris State Equestrian Team participate in intercollegiate horse shows, which are extremely
competitive, more so than a club sport level event. (Riders compete in a total of 10 intercollegiate shows
during the season.) Therefore, due to the varsity-level competition at these shows, I believe that
recognizing the equestrian team as a varsity-level program is necessary.
Because the Equestrian team at Ferris State is currently a club sport, riders are only granted the
opportunity to practice 1-2 days per week. The facility Ferris State Equestrian Club uses is the Cran-Hill
Ranch; Ferris State utilizes Cran-Hill Ranchs horses, tack and outdoor arenas. Cran-Hill is a small facility
located about 15 miles out of Big Rapids. It is a Christian-based camp that hosts retreats, summer
camps, lessons, trail rides, family camping, and other adventurous activities. Because the club
equestrian team hosts practices out of the Cran-Hill facility, practice opportunities are limited to 1-2
days a week, with weather permitting the use of the outdoor arena. Ferris State Equestrian Club uses
Cran-Hill as a result of the limited amount of resources available to the team.
When the Ferris State Club Equestrian Team started in 2008 there were a total of 3 people on
the team. In 2011 the team had 12 people, in 2012 it had 18 and in 2013 there were 20. This year we
have a total of 24 riders on the team accurately displaying an increase in popularity over the years.

Benefits of Having a Varsity Equestrian Team (as Opposed to a Club Team)

Recognizing an Equestrian team at Ferris State will make our Equestrian athletes more
competitive, and benefit the university, its students and surrounding community as well. By promoting
the Equestrian team to varsity status, it would expand the athletic and educational program

opportunities of both the male and female populations. For instance, students can benefit from this
because it opens more opportunities for scholarships. Also, the program will expand with this unique
and increasingly popular sport. The costs to attend universities are only increasing for students. With the
addition of another varsity-level program more scholarship opportunities are made available to the
Equestrian athletes. Another benefit of having a varsity Equestrian program would be the availability of
more practice opportunities for its participants. Adding this program to the varsity athletics would
attract a distinct crowd of students, and would make the university more accommodating to its fellow
horse lovers in the community of Big Rapids. The Equestrian sport would be promoted; additionally, the
team would grow via more recognition and increased status.
Background of Intercollegiate Equestrian
The intercollegiate level equestrian competitions are far different from other non-collegiate
equestrian events. Unlike other non-collegiate equestrian events, where riders use their own horses
that they have trained and are familiar with, intercollegiate equestrian competitors do not ride their
own horses. The riders draw a horse (at random) which they may have never ridden and compete on
that animal without personal practice or warm-up. Riders pick the names of horses out of a bucket to
randomize the selection of what horse they will ride at that show. This ensures a true test of
horsemanship ability because an inept rider will not be at an advantage merely because he or she has a
well-trained horse (IHSA). Intercollegiate equestrian athletes must be able to adapt to the animal they
draw. Also, because the horse is so much more powerful than any rider is able to be, pure strength and
athletic ability are not enough to control and communicate with the animal. Riders must also have
adaptability, finesse, and excellent technique in order to perform well (Keeton 2003).
Riders Safety
Popular belief is that in order to be considered a sport there must be skill and some level of
contact or danger involved. It takes talent and some amount of risk in order to consider an activity a
sport. Riding horses is immensely difficult. The activity calls for a vast amount of skill and is also
dangerous. Contrastingly, football and hockey are just as dangerous. This is exemplified by the amount
of times participants are shoved into the dirt or slammed into the walls of an ice rink. These incidents
can and often do result in serious physical injury.
The horses acquired for the IHSA horse shows are trained. Before the horses are brought to the
shows, the owners must assure the hosting team that each of the various gaits (walk, trot, and canter)
and jumping can be performed in a safe and effective manner. Before the start of the show, there are
warm-up sessions to help determine if all of the horses are considered safe to ride. There are also
competent ring stewards evaluating the horses during the show at all times. The stewards have the
authority to pull unfit/unsafe horses from the show. There is also an EMT on facility property at every
event.
Ferris Athletic History

Mr. Woodbridge Ferris was not a big sports fan, and thought that games such as football were
horseplay. President Victor Spathelf, taking office after Mr. Woodbridge Ferris, did not want Ferris
State University to become a one-sport school (Deupree, 1981). He strived to make opportunities
available to a variety of students through sports.
The earlier successors of Ferris State were always expanding and adding to what the school
could offer its students. This included the addition of multiple sports to Ferris varsity athletic programs.
Furthermore, despite the fact that Mr. Ferris himself was not fond of football, the game is extremely
popular today; in fact, Ferris State has a football team. The equestrian sport may not be as popular as
football, but it is a growing program; additionally, many schools are starting to adopt varsity programs
for this unique and emerging co-ed sport.
Equestrian as an Emerging Sport
The Equestrian sport is documented by Title IX, in the NCAA guide for colleges and universities,
as an emerging sport (Judge et al., 2011). In other words, it is a developing sport that is becoming
recognized by an increasing number of universities and colleges as a suitable varsity program. There are
a total of over 8,300 riders, and over 370 colleges and universities that participate in IHSA Equestrian
Sporting events (IHSA). Equestrian, as a sport, meets all the proposed requirements to become a varsity
sport. Some of these requirements are evaluated and analyzed using the Three-Part-Test.
Three-Part-Test
In order for a program to be eligible to become a varsity-level sport, it must pass the Three-PartTest as described in the Title IX journal. The Three-Part-Test states that the program is eligible to
becoming a Varsity Sport if it can demonstrate the following attributes:
1. Its intercollegiate level participation opportunities for male and female students are
substantially proportionate to their respective full-time enrollments.
2. It has a history and continuing practice of program expansion for the underrepresented sex.
3. It is fully and effectively accommodating the interests and abilities of the underrepresented sex (Judge, OBrien 2011).
Male vs. Female Student Athletes
Ferris originated as a technical college dominated by males. To this day, there is a slightly higher
male to female population. According to the Ferris State Universitys 2011 fact sheet, page 43 states that
the full-time enrollment in the fall of 2011 was 52% male and 48% female.
The total number of varsity athletes at Ferris State University is 395. And of that, 259 of those
athletes are male, meaning there are only 136 female varsity athletes (Ferris State Athletic Page). The
opportunity to participate in a Ferris State University varsity sport is much greater for males than the
opportunity for females.
Male Participation

Horseback riding is not an all-female sport, and the equestrian community is welcoming to
having male participants. Though the sport is female dominated, the sport is co-ed and male students
have shown interest in joining the Ferris State Equestrian Club for the upcoming (2015-2016) academic
year. The Ferris State Equestrian Club has enjoyed the participation of two male riders in the past. If
Equestrian becomes a varsity sport, it will become more well-known throughout campus; consequently,
it will attract more athletes to represent Ferris State at Intercollegiate Equestrian events.
Regional and National Championships
To be considered for becoming a varsity sport, the program in consideration must have national
and conference championships. Just as varsity sports have championships, Intercollegiate Equestrians
also have regionals, semi-finals, and even national championships.
Each region hosts its own local IHSA horse show followed by a Regional Championship
competition. Qualified riders and teams then proceed to their Zone Championships if they are hunt seat
riders or to one of 3 Western Semi-Finals if they are western riders. From there, teams and riders qualify
for the capstone event of the year - the IHSA National Championship Show. (IHSAinc.com)
Recruitment and Scholarship Opportunities
The equestrian club is open to all participants at all levels. There is no recruitment or scholarship
opportunities involved in the club sport. With the team being a varsity sport, recruiters would scope out
to find the best riders, possibly offer scholarships to these riders, and build up the status and respect of
the Ferris State Equestrian Program. Having a team of talented riders is crucial in gaining team points in
order to win high point team and other team awards. Each team is allowed one riders score, per
division, to count toward the teams points. Serious riders would be more apt to attend a university with
a quality varsity Equestrian team, as opposed to a club team.
Ferris State University vs. Albion College - Score Comparison
When comparing the scores of a varsity-level team (Albion University) to that of the club team
(Ferris State) you can see a dramatic difference in the scores. Varsity sports have more opportunities
and resources available such as funding, practices, rider recruitment, etc. Because of the extra assets
varsity programs are entitled to, the effort put into the program greatly reflects the advantage that
varsity riders have over club sport riders. The varsity riders are more accomplished on show day as
shown in their team scores.
Individual, as well as team points, are kept on record throughout the season:

Albion College Stock Team Points: 164

Ferris State Stock Team Points: 83
Albion College Hunt Team Points: 62
Ferris State Hunt Team Points: 26
(Accessed via Facebook; Ferris State Equestrian Club)

If given the chance to become a varsity sport, and the addition of these important resources and
extra recruitment, Ferris State would have a chance to compete with schools such as Albion. We are
both small schools, but with an effective varsity program, our scores could say otherwise. Ferris
Equestrian could compete with the other schools with the actual varsity programs, if our sport got the
privileges of a varsity sport.
Practice Resources
As stated in the previous Current Situation paragraph, Ferris State Equestrian riders have
limited practice resources available for use by Cran-Hill Ranch. Albion College has access to the Nancy G.
Held Equestrian Center for their practices and shows. The Equestrian Center provides the Albion
Equestrian Team with horses, tack, and indoor/outdoor arenas. Riders are also able to board their own
horses and use the arenas whenever they would like (during facility hours of course). The indoor arena is
a 100' x 400' large area. Board is roughly $575.00 per month (rates vary whether or not the owner wants
a stall/pasture/turn out/etc.). Riders without horses are able to practice on the horses that are kept at
the facility. Access to a well-equipped riding facility at which to practice is essential for any serious
equestrian team. Ferris State Equestrians are limited to using Cran-Hill Ranch due to the lack of funding
and support from Ferris State University. If the Ferris State Equestrian Team had varsity standing,
perhaps the team would have the funds to utilize a more well-equipped facility.
Other Facility Options
While Cran-Hill is a suitable facility with the weather permitting accessibility to ride, due to the
lack of an indoor arena, it would not be suitable for a serious and committed team to hold practices.
There are a few different equestrian centers with indoor practice arenas within 15 miles of Big Rapids.
The first alternative facility, located 2 miles east of Big Rapids, is The Circle B Ranch. The Circle B
Ranch has an indoor/outdoor arena. Though it is quite smaller than the Albion facility, the cost is also a
lot cheaper. The second possible facility, Wahl-Rees Farm, is located 10 miles out of Big Rapids. The third
possible facility, located just 15 minutes out of Big Rapids (same distance as our current facility CranHill), is Split Pine Acres home of the famous stallion, Lucks Phantom. The fourth option also located 15
minutes out of Big Rapids is Bar23Horses. All of these horse farms have indoor arenas available for use.
Any of these facilities, especially Split Pine Acres and Bar23Horses (the two larger facilities), have the
resources available to support a varsity level equestrian team.
Conclusion
As stated in the Ferris State University Athletics webpage describing their purpose, vision, and
values, Ferris State University Athletics integrates intercollegiate athletics into higher education by
providing a program that has lasting importance on students' future success (Athletics Purpose, Vision,
and Values, 2014). Ferris State Universitys mission is to prepare students for successful careers,
responsible citizenship, and lifelong learning. The athletic department strives to maintain a highly
competitive athletic program to prepare students through stimulating attitudes of passion,
sportsmanship, integrity, leadership, resourcefulness, and service to community. A varsity equestrian

team will only help the athletic department achieve this goal by diversifying and expanding the athletic
program.
Adding equestrian to the varsity athletics program at Ferris State would benefit the students,
community members, upcoming equestrian athletes, and the university as a whole (increased student
attendance, and expansion of the athletic program). A varsity equestrian team at Ferris State will have
more resources available for practice, increased funding, and access to scholarship opportunities. As a
result of these advancements, the team will be more competitive, recruitment for equestrian athletes
will rise, and the university will grow as a whole.

Appendix I
IHSA Equestrian: Fact Sheet

About IHSA (Intercollegiate Horse Show Association):

IHSA is the overseeing organization that manages all intercollegiate equestrian competitions. According
to IHSA, they provide collegiate riders of all skills the opportunity to compete individually and as teams
in equestrian competition. It was founded on the principle that any college student should be able to
participate in horse shows regardless of his or her riding ability or financial status Eliminating the
expense of shipping or even owning horses puts IHSA competitions within reach of many who would
otherwise miss the equestrian experience (IHSA, 2014). Although there are other organizations, IHSA is
oversees the intercollegiate equestrian competitions in Michigan and other states; therefore the Ferris
State Equestrian Club (Big Rapids, MI) reports to IHSA.
Levels of Riding Ranked by Skill:
Level
1

Stock
Beginner: Horsemanship

Intermediate 1: Horsemanship

Intermediate 2: Horsemanship

Novice: Horsemanship

Advanced: Horsemanship

6
7

Open: Horsemanship
Open: Reining

Hunt
Beginner: Walk, trot/post (flat
horsemanship)
Beginner: Walk, trot, canter/post
(flat horsemanship)
Advanced: Walk trot, canter/post
(flat horsemanship)
Novice: Fences
(23)/Horsemanship
Intermediate: Fences
(26)/horsemanship
Open: Fences (29)/horsemanship

Each region hosts its own local IHSA horse show. The last show of the season is the Regional
Championship competition, for which riders must qualify. Qualified riders and teams then proceed to
their Zone Championships (hunt seat riders) or Semi-Finals (western riders). From there, teams and
riders qualify for the capstone event of the year - the IHSA National Championship Show (IHSA, 2014).
Last year Regional Championships were held at Michigan State University though an arena has yet to be
decided for the 2014-2015 year Regional Championships.
If riders qualify for Zone or Semi-Finals our qualifying members from (Zone 6, Region 4) will travel to
Oklahoma and our alumni travel to Florida. Nationals are held in Texas.

Appendix II
Definitions
Equestrian: of or pertaining to horseback riding or horseback riders (dictionary.com, 2014).
Gaits of a Horse
Trot: (of a horse) to go at a gait between a walk and a run, in which the legs move in diagonal pairs, but
not quite simultaneously, so that when the movement is slow one foot at least is always on the ground,
and when fast all four feet are momentarily off the ground at once (dictionary.com, 2014).
Gallop: to ride a horse at a gallop; ride at full speed (dictionary.com, 2014).
Canter: an easy gallop (dictionary.com, 2014).
Ring Steward Responsibilities/Duties
The following is retrieved from the AQHA handbook:

Relieve the judge of unnecessary details, assemble the class promptly, keep the judging program
on schedule, eliminate long delays between classes and control the conduct of the horses and
exhibitors in the ring (Section IV.436.c1).
Notify the judge when all horses are present for each class and call his attention to those horses
that are absent (Section IV.436.c2).
Ensure no person rides more than one horse in any approved performance class, except as
allowed under rule 450(m) (Section IV.436.c3).
Assist the judge, not advise him/her and shall refrain from discussing, or seeming to discuss, the
horses or the exhibitors with the judge (Section IV.436.c4).
Not take part, or seem to take part, in any of the judging. (Section IV.436.c5).
Have charge of the activity in the ring or the arena. He/she should act as mediator between the
judge and the exhibitor. The judge should request the ring steward to move and place horses as
he/she advises. When the ring or arena size is small and the class entries are large, he/she
should survey the situation and take every precaution to keep the horses moving until the judge
is ready for them to be judged. He/she has the authority to ask an exhibitor to remove his or her
horse for the safety of other horses or spectators (Section IV.436.c8).
Have the authority to remove unsportsmanlike exhibitors from the arena (Section IV.436.c9).
Styles of Horseback Riding

Hunt: Riders are judged by two mediums: flat and over fences (jumping). In the jumping classes, riders
are judged by their style and position, as well as their ability to control and navigate a horse over jumps.
The riders goal is to perform in a competitive manner that makes their ride seem completely effortless
and smooth. In the flat classes, riders do not jump over fences. They are tested at various gaits
dependent upon their level of skill (walk, trot, and canter) on a flat course. Riders must execute these
gaits with ease and proper style and position (Mellenkamp, 2014).

Stock: Stock is a western style riding (commonly called cowboy style riding or seen in old western
movies). The riders are judged on their appearance and the position of their hands, legs, and body.
Riders should execute their gaits with ease and precision. These gaits are walk, trot, canter, stop, and
back. Proper form, smooth transitions, and easy execution of the gaits are the most important judged
aspects of western riding (Mellenkamp, 2014).
Reining: Reining is a western style riding as well. Reining involves riders performing a distinct pattern
while executing the more complicated gaits. These gaits performed are sliding stops, spins, and faster
riding. Riders are judged on how well they keep their seat and their hand and body position. Riders
should show complete and confident control of their animal; the smoothness of their ride and the
performance of their horse must be evident in their riding. However, for IHSA events only the rider is
judged and the performance of the horse is not factored into the riders placing (Mellenkamp, 2014).

Appendix III
Table 1.1 displays updated hunt team scores for Region 6 Zone 4 (Albion College and Ferris States
region). Albions scores surpass all of the other schools that are at club sport status and those having
limited opportunities.
Table 1.1 Updated Hunt Team Points

Retrieved from Ferris State Club Equestrian 2014-2015 Facebook Group.

Table 1.2 displays updated stock team points for Region 6 Zone 4, (Albion College and Ferris States
region). Once again Albion and the larger schools with the more advanced equestrian programs excel
more than the club teams.

Table 1.2 Updated Stock Team Totals

Retrieved from Ferris State Club Equestrian 2014-2015 Facebook Group.

Works Cited
Athletics Purpose, Vision & Values. (2014, January 1). Retrieved November 15, 2014, from
<http://www.ferrisstatebulldogs.com/information/visionvalues>
Bixman, L. (2014). Team Points. Retrieved November 9, 2014 from Ferris State Club Equestrian 20142015 Facebook Group
Bixman, L. (2014). Team Totals. Retrieved November 9, 2014 from Ferris State Club Equestrian 20142015 Facebook Group
Cranhill Ranch Homepage. (2014, January 1). Retrieved November 18, 2014, from
<http://www.cranhillranch.com/>
Definitions of: equestrian, trot, gallop, canter. (2014, January 1). Retrieved November 9, 2014, from
<http://dictionary.reference.com/>
Deupree, J. (1981, November 1). The Athletic Programs: A Century of Opportunity: Ferris State
University. Retrieved November 9, 2014, from
<http://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/alumni/Historical/COO/phase-III/athletic.htm>
Enrollment. (2012). In Ferris State University: Fact Book 2011-2012 (p. 54). Institutional Research and
Testing. < http://www.ferris.edu/HTMLS/Admision/testing/factbook/FactBook11-12.pdf>
Intercollegiate horse show association. (2014, January 1). Retrieved November 9, 2014, from
<http://www.ihsainc.com/>
Judge, J., & O'Brien, T. (2011). In K. Morrison (Ed.), Equity and title IX in intercollegiate athletics: A
practical guide for colleges and universities (pp. 1-133). <www.NCAA.org/gender_equity.>
Keeton, S. (2003). Fitness level and success in female intercollegiate equestrian athletes. 1-38. Retrieved
November 9, 2014, from <http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/umi-okstate-1447.pdf>
Key Facts. (2014, January 1). Retrieved November 9, 2014, from <http://www.albion.edu/aboutalbion/key-facts>
Mellenkamp, J. (2014, January 1). National disciplines: Hunter seat equitation, western seat/reining seat
equitation. Retrieved November 9, 2014, from
<https://www.usef.org/_IFrames/breedsDisciplines/discipline/allhse.aspx>
Section IV: 436. Ring Steward. (2014, January 1). Retrieved November 9, 2014, from
<http://services2.aqha.com/iphonedev/www/sections/sectionIV/rules/433-463/436.html>