Post-partum depression (PPD)

What is PPD?
PPD is a complex mix of emotional, physical, and behavioral changes that often occur 4-6
weeks after giving birth. Its a type of mood disorder that consists of intense feelings of sadness with
severe mood swings that is more persistent than baby blues. PPD can affect the newborn and the
entire family. It can interfere with the infant-maternal bond that is critical in a newborns
development.
What causes PPD?
PPD seems to be caused by the drastic changes in hormone levels after pregnancy. The exact
cause is unknown. There are some factors that put women at risk for developing PPD. They are:

Having a mood disorder (depression) before pregnancy

Having a miscarriage or stillbirth
Having a high risk pregnancy
Low birth weight, poor motor functioning, neonatal irritability, prematurity
High levels of stress, low family income, lack of support from family/friends
Negative feelings about pregnancy (unwanted)

Signs and symptoms

Severe feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and emptiness

Feeling anxious
Mood swings
Severe irritability
Insomia
Anorexia
Trouble concentrating
Feelings of guilt
Rejection of infant (disinterest, annoyance)

How is PPD treated?

Counseling and psychotherapy
Medication:

Antidepressants
Anti-anxiety

Alternative therapy:

Herbs
Dietary supplements
Massage
Aroma therapy
Acupuncture

Can PPD be prevented?

Although PPD cant be prevented, there are some ways to minimize the chances of acquiring the
disease. Women must keep their stress levels low. Ask help from family members. Get adequate rest
and eat a proper diet. Get as much exercise as possible. Avoid alcohol and continue post partum visits
with your health care provider.
Reference: Lowerdmilk, D. (2014). Maternity nursing. (8th ed.). Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier