EXCITATION SYSTEM &

AVR CONTROL
OF
HYDRO GENERATORS
By
Er. Randhir Kumar

OPERATION
EHG
C/ROOM

TO TURBINE

PMG

T/F
11KV/220KV

EXCITATION PANEL
HVCB
STATOR 11KV

PENSTOCK

TO GRID

INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE OF EXCITATION SYSTEM
ROLE OF AVR (AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE REGULATOR)

DEFINITION OF EXCITATION
SYSTEM
ELECTROMAGNETISING THE ROTOR
WITH DC SUPPLY FOR BUILDING UP THE
VOLTAGE IN THE STATOR WINDING

TYPES OF EXCITATION
BRUSH SYSTEM
(STATIC EXCITATION)

BRUSHLESS EXCITATION
SYSTEM

EXCITATION SUPPLY

ALTERNATING
DIRECT CURRENT(DC)
CURRENT(AC) EXCITATION EXCITATION PRODUCES
PRODUCES ALTERNATING
CONSTANT MAGNETIC
MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE
FIELD IN THE ROTOR
ROTOR , HENCE IS NOT
RECOMENDED

EXCITATION EQUIPMENT
EXCITATION TRANSFORMER
EXCITATION PANEL CONTANING ELECTRONIC CARDS FOR
GENERATING THYRISOR PULSE.
EXCITATION EQUIPMENT CONTROL SUPPLY AND RELAYS
PROTECTION EQUIPMENT USED FOR EXCITATION SYSTEM

REQUIREMENTS OF
EXCITATION SYSTEM
CT & PT SUPPLY FOR AVR CONTROL
DC SUPPLY FOR CONTROL AND
PROTECTION
AC SUPPLY FOR FIELD VOLTAGE
BUILD UP AND PROTECTION
COOLING OF THYRISTORS
COOLING OF ELECTRONIC CARDS

GENERATING EXCITATION
SUPPLY(DC)
WITH STATION BATTERIES
STATION AC SUPPLY CAN BE COVERTED TO DC
WITH THE HELP RECTIFER CIRCUIT( DIODE
OR THYRISTOR)

FIELD CIRCUIT OF EXCITATION

SYSTEM
EXCITATION CAN BE DONE IN AUTO OR MANUAL

EFFECTS OF EXCITATION

EXCITATION CAN BE AUTO OR MANUAL

CONTROL OF GENERATOR VOLTAGE
CONTROL OF MVAR
CONTROL OF POWER FACTOR

ROLE OF AVR
REGULATING THE TERMINAL VOLTAGE AT
GENERATOR TERMINALS
MAINTAINIG THE CONSTANT VOLTAGE AS PER
THE SETTING
AVR IS A PART OF EXCITATION SYSTEM
INCASE OF ANY PROBLEM IN THE AUTO CIRCUIT
EXCITATION WILL CHANGEOVER TO MANUAL

MANUAL EXCITATION
EXCITATION SYSTEM CAN BE DONE IN MANUAL ALSO.
IN MANUAL EXCITATION GENERATOR TERMINAL
VOLATGE WILL BE VARIED AS PER THE CONDITION OF
THE LOAD.
TO CHANGE THE THE EXCITATION SYSTEM FROM
MANUAL TO AUTO , MAKE THE BALANCE INDIACATOR
TO ZERO BY VARYING THE AUTO POTEMTIOMETER IN
THE EXCITATION PANEL.

POINTS TO BE OBSERVED WHEN EXCITATION

SYSTEM COMES FROM AUTO TO MANUAL

GENERATOR VOLTAGE

MVAR
POWERFACTOR
BALANCE INDIATOR
GENERATOR CURRENT
INDICATIONS ON EXCITATION PANEL

PROTECTION BY EXCITATION

STATOR OVER CURRENT

ROTOR CURRENT
LOAD ANGLE LIMIT
ROTOR UNDER/OVER VOLTAGE
UNDER EXCITATION
OVER EXCITATION

CONTROL OF REACTIVE POWER

WITH EXCITATION
BY INCREASING
EXCITATION
POWER FACTOR
LAGGING
LAGGING
REACTIVE POWER
INCREASES
STATOR CURRENT
INCREASES

BY DECREASING
EXCITATION
POWER FACTOR
LEADING
LEADING
REACTIVE POWER
INCREASES
STATOR CURRENT
DECREASES