Delic, Alen, Prows, Holly, Webb, Kristilyn

Courtney, Jennifer Writing 2010-091 October 11, 2014

Delic et al. 1

The Rising Costs of Higher Education

Alexander, Lamar. "A Moment of Crisis and Opportunity For American

Universities." Journal of College Admission 218 (2013): 7. Academic Search Premier. Web.
3 Oct. 2014.
Alexander brings up the correlation between Universities and the economic downturn. In this
journal, Lamar argues that government aid has greatly contributed to the functionality of
quality universities. With this said, he makes a parallel argument of how the quality of
universities is declining due to corresponding economic downturn. This source brings up an
interesting perspective of economics effecting the relation between university quality and
tuition rates. This source is relevant because it offers a strong argument with a big picture
perspective to this genre.
Archibald, Robert B. and David H. Feldman. "Explaining Increases in Higher Education
Costs." The Journal of Higher Education 79.3 (2008): 268-295. Project MUSE. Web. 4 Oct.
2014. <http://muse.jhu.edu/>.
This above article explains why there are increases in higher education costs and talks about
the "cost disease" and what the two major competing components are in revenue theory. The
authors then give detailed reasons and explanations to the negative impacts that the cost
disease has on higher education. They then explain the deviations between prices of higher
education versus other product categories to show the imbalance of values and then go into
detail about policy consequences.
Berman, Ellen. "Tuition Disruption." University Business 16.11 (2013): 22-26. Academic
Search Premier. Web. 3 Oct. 2014.
The author, Ellen Berman, offers very key aspects of this genre in her article on higher
education tuition. I like this source because it shows a very proactive approach to the topic of
rising tuition rates. In this topic, Berman shows many examples of various intuitions and their
actions. Included in these examples, Berman discusses all the different models and methods
institutions have put into play. Furthermore, she discusses each of these corresponding
results. This source is relevant because it shows that not only are people aware of the issue of
rising tuition rates, but that people and institutions are actively trying to problem solve to find
a workable solution.
Bernasek, Anna. "It's A Plane. It's A Yacht. No, It's Your Tuition Bill." Newsweek
Global 162.14 (2014): 1-3. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Oct. 2014.
Anna Bernasek, the author, discusses real life impacts of rising tuition rates. This source is
relevant not only by its nature with regards to rising tuition, but it offers tangible evidence
that allows the reader to personally identify with the presented ideas. Bernasek also provides
a great range of data of which her arguments are centered around. She is essentially
comparing all life expenses corresponding to their income and standard of life to show how
one childs tuition cost will be 40 percent of a familys income. This article is an extremely

valuable asset to this research genre because it offers these data points and tangible
realizations to the reader.
Best, Katharina, and Jussi Keppo. "The Credits That Count: How Credit Growth And
Financial Aid Affect College Tuition And Fees." Education Economics 22.6 (2014): 589-613.
Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Oct. 2014.
Using statistical methods such as a two-stage least squares model, the authors built a
macroeconomic model of supply and demand for US higher education. The methods use
enrollment and stats of tuition rates to create a relationship between the two. The results have
shown that higher tuition increases the appeal for higher education but also increases higher
debt levels. The author argues that schools nowadays are using higher education as a sign to
signal quality of the school.
Campbell, Kim and Cade Charlton and John Maynes and Richard West. "Utah." Journal of
Education Finance 39.3 (2014): 283-286. Project MUSE. Web. 4 Oct. 2014.
<http://muse.jhu.edu/>.
The above article talks about the issues in the state of Utah that affect funding for education
as well as the governors initiative for all Utahans to obtain some sort of post-secondary
certification or degree by the year by 2020. This article give funding percentage breakdowns
and goes over what legislative actions were taken in the 2013 session to support the
economy's health through education initiatives.
Canch, Manuel S. Gonzlez. "Is the Community College a Less Expensive Path Toward a
Bachelors Degree? Public 2- and 4-year Colleges Impact on Loan Debt." The Journal of
Higher Education 85.5 (2014): 723-759. Project MUSE. Web. 4 Oct. 2014.
<http://muse.jhu.edu/>.
The above article gives data that shows whether or not the community college yields lower
debt per degree than a typical 4 year university. The author goes into detail regarding the
claims of policy makers and what their ideas are regarding affordable higher education
options as well as how their ideas impact legislation and cost of tuition and how studies how
that an actual 4 year program is cheaper than an intense 2 year program.
Chen, Rong and Mark Wiederspan. "Understanding the Determinants of Debt Burden among
College Graduates." The Journal of Higher Education 85.4 (2014): 565-598. Project MUSE.
Web. 4 Oct. 2014. <http://muse.jhu.edu/>.
The article above goes into detail about what constitutes the debt burden for college graduates
and the direct relation that it has with whether the higher institution is public or private. The
authors also talk about how state funded merit based aid programs lower debt burden and
how institutions and governments can actually help in lowering student debt.
Kathy, Chu. "As higher education costs rise, so do debt loads." USA Today: Academic
Search Premier. Web. 4 Oct. 2014.
The article talks about how the increase of tuition, room and board, and fees are causing
horrible problems for post graduate students as they struggle to pay off the loans required for
their education. The author has clearly done research to compare before and after statistics of

tuition as well as debt load and then make a relationship between the two. Not only is the
initial debt higher than previously, but companies are charging higher interest rates which is
only adding to struggles.
"College Costs Continue Climb." USA Today Magazine 125.2619 (1996): 14. Academic
Search Premier. Web. 3 Oct. 2014.
The title of this article is fairly self-explanatory. The article discusses the overall rise in
tuition rates. One of the greatest benefits of this source is that it offers solid data numbers.
Furthermore, a variety of comparisons were concluded from the data. One other key aspect of
this source is a message from Donald M. Stewart, the president of College Board. He gives
some interesting advice regarding the rise in tuition, yet the great opportunity to gain
financial aid.
Fortin, Nicole. "Rising Tuition and Supply Constraints:." Labor Economics (2004). Web. 3
Oct. 2014. <http://cle.berkeley.edu/wp/wp66.pdf>.
This paper is about comparing differences and similarities in tuition rates between the US and
Canada. It investigates causes for the increasing tuition and is useful for the trends in tuition
rates during the 1990s. It uses many statistics and uses many sources that are credible. It is
also written from a university (University of California, Berkeley) which is a highly credible
source.
Frey, Thomas. "By 2030 Over 50% Of Colleges Will Collapse: Part 1." Journal of
Environmental Health 76.3 (2013): 58-59. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Oct. 2014.
Once again, the tile of this article, By 2030 Over 50% Of Colleges Will Collapse, gives a
solid overview of this article. In this article, Tomas Frey, a Senior Futurist and Executive
Director at DaVinci Institute, gives a very alarming statement to consider. He uses inputs
such as tuition rates and the high usage of online courses to predict the future realm of higher
education. I think this source is valuable and unique to our research in that it shows not only
what is happening in higher education now, but what we should prepare ourselves to see in
the future.
Heller, Donald E. "The Effects of Tuition and State Financial Aid on Public College
Enrollment." The Review of Higher Education 23.1 (1999): 65-89. Project MUSE. Web. 4
Oct. 2014. <http://muse.jhu.edu/>
In the above article, Heller talks about students inability to attend college due to the high
cost of education and the alarm concerning the access of higher education for all
students. He states concerns about the ability to attend college being tied to the economic
status of individuals wanting to attend and the potential deprivation it will lead to the
countrys economic and political growth. He also talks about the impact of state policy in
public higher education and the level of institutional support that is needed to determine
tuition and financial aid limits. Heller also talks about the impact that state grant spending
has on tuition prices.
Kissel, Kelly P. "Ark. Tuition Jumps at Rate Higher Than Inflation." Community College
Week 24.4 (2011): 11. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Oct. 2014.

This article analyzes the tuition rates at Arkansas. It looks at the public and private higher
education schools that all offer 4 year programs. The article specifically wants to show that
the increase of tuition at the schools are exceeding the rate of inflation. They also interviewed
people about how students are getting support from state and federal aid to find a way to pay
for tuition in these increased rates.
Li, Helen. "The Rising Cost of Higher Education: A Supply & Demand Analysis." (2013).
Web. 2 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.stern.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/assets/documents/con_042986.pdf>.
This also just talks about the rising rates of tuition but it compares it to other rates in US
alone. The articles main thesis is that the factors that have caused this increase is a supply
and demand framework that analyzes the increased tuition rates above the Consumer Price
Index. The inability for supply to meet the demands of higher education is causing this
increase of tuition that we see in the US. At the end of this article, the author talks about
possible solutions to these problems from a variety of perspectives.
St. John, Edward P. "Tuition Rising: Why College Costs So Much (review)." The Review of
Higher Education 27.2 (2004): 294-295. Project MUSE. Web. 4 Oct. 2014.
<http://muse.jhu.edu/>.
The above article talks about why tuition for higher education is so expensive and glosses
over issues such as faculty, budgeting issues, program ratings, and how the budget setting
process doesn't include, as it should, considerations from cost-benefit analysis reports. The
author talks about the influence of the science disciplines in the budgeting process and how
humanities disciplines are under considered in that process.
Strosnider, Kim. "Reports Look At Impact Of U.S. Aid On Tuition." Chronicle Of Higher
Education 43.27 (1997): A29. Academic Search Premier. Web. 4 Oct. 2014.
This article reports on the impact that federal aid has on the rates of tuition for higher
educations in the United States. It uses numbers and statistics to show that the tuition rates
are growing out of control and even uses excerpts from interviews with President Bill
Clinton to explain his views on it. They then analyze the decrease in enrollment of social
classes that cannot compete with these increased tuition rates.
"Thanks To the Banks." Economist 378.8465 (2006): 71-72. Academic Search Premier. Web.
3 Oct. 2014.
This source offers very relevant details pertaining to the rise of tuition rates. Furthermore, this
article shows several valid cause and effect details regarding government funding, tuition
rates, student loans, and company involvement. This source gives another interesting factor
of this topic, in that, they are showing how companies are providing private funding to
students in response to Congress cutting government involvement in student funding and
loans. This source not only shows some of the causes of rising tuition, but it also gives
perspective pertaining to some positive aspects.
David J. Weerts. "State Funding and the Engaged University: Understanding Community
Engagement and State Appropriations for Higher Education." The Review of Higher
Education 38.1 (2014): 133-169. Project MUSE. Web. 4 Oct. 2014. <http://muse.jhu.edu/>.

The main concern addressed in the above article is how over the last 30 years, the cost of
higher education has outpaced the ability of the state to fund public higher education and the
impact has included consequences such as raised tuition, higher attrition rates among students
as well as faculty, and decline in faculty salaries. Affordability, quality and access to higher
education has decreased, but community support can help with these issues.