Study Guide for Finals

1)

Safety and Equipment Use

-Know your Flinn Safety Rules

-Recognize lab equipment (name and use)
2)

Matter and Change (Ch. 2)

Vocabulary
Matter
Physical property
Chemical change
Homogeneous
Element
Product

Intensive
Chemical property
Mixture
Solution
Substance
Conservation of mass

Extensive
Physical change
Heterogeneous
Compound
Reactant

-States of matter: solid, liquid, gas, vapor

-How to separate mixtures
-Symbols (elements) and formulas (compounds)
-hints of physical vs. chemical change
-extensive vs. intensive properties
-chemical vs. physical properties
3)

Ch. 3 Scientific Measurement

Vocabulary
Absolute zero
Accepted value
Accuracy
International system of units
Density

Error
experimental value
precision
scientific notation
Kelvin scale

Measurement
meter (m)
percent error
significant figures
temperature

-accuracy vs. precision

-five commonly used SI base units
-conversion problems (prefixes and converting between units)
*example: converting from mL to L
-calculating density
-calculating % error
-writing in scientific/standard notation
-reporting calculations (addition/subtraction or multiplication/division) in the correct # of sig figs
-counting the # of sig figs

Ch 4 Atomic Structure
Vocabulary
Atom
Atomic Mass
Atomic Mass Unit
Atomic Number
Cathode Ray

Daltons Atomic Theory

Electron
Group
Isotopes
Mass Number

Neutron
Nucleus
Period
Periodic Table
Proton

It is important to note that the knowledge of dictionary definitions alone will not be sufficient to enable
a student to do well on the test. Students must be prepared to apply the concepts indicated by these
vocabulary words.
Development of modern atomic model:
-Be able to describe Democritus, Daltons (and Millikans), Thomsons, Rutherfords, Bohrs, and
Chadwicks ideas/contributions
Atomic Structure:
-Know the structure of the atom
-Be able to determine # protons, neutrons, electrons, and atomic mass (for example: solving for the
unknown)
*interpret information from periodic table and when written as atomic notation
*recognizing/identifying differences in isotopes or ions
-Know the properties of the subatomic particles (refer to Table 4.1 in book)
-Calculate the average atomic mass
-Know that isotopes can also be written as Element-atomic mass (ex. Chlorine-35, or Cl-35)
Ch. 5 Vocabulary
Aufbau principle
-Amplitude
-Atomic emission spectrum
- Atomic orbital
-Bohr
-box & arrows (orbital)
diagrams
-electromagnetic spectrum
-electromagnetic waves
-electron
-electron configuration
-electron spin
-energy levels
-excited state
-frequency
-ground state
-Heisenberg uncertainty
principle
-Hunds rule
-orbital
-Pauli exclusion principle

-planetary model
-principal quantum number
-proton
-quantum leap/transition
-Rutherford
-wavelength

It is important to note that the knowledge of dictionary definitions alone will not be sufficient to
enable a student to do well on the test. Students must be prepared to apply the concepts
indicated by these vocabulary words.
Ch. 5 Tasks
Be able to provide the electron configuration (orbital diagram: box and arrows) for a given
atom. Be able to apply the Aufbau, Hund, and Pauli exclusion principle.
Be able to provide the electron configuration (#s & letters: longhand and noble-gas notation) for a
given atom.
Be able to complete calculations involving frequency, wavelength, and the speed of light.
Understand the relationship between wavelength and frequency, etc.
Be able to complete calculations with the energy equation: E = h x v
Know the shapes of the sublevels
Know the maximum # of orbitals or electrons in each sublevel or principal energy level
Know the types of atomic orbitals exist in each principle energy level
Understand the energy levels of an atom
Be able to describe the bright-line spectra, excited state, etc.
Be able to answer multiple choice questions pertaining to the content.
Know how to tell if an atom has unpaired electrons or is unreactive based on its electron
configuration
Be able to APPLY vocabulary terms
Ch. 6 Vocab
Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals
Anion
Atomic radius
Cation
representative elements
Metalloids
Period

Electronegativity
halogens
inner transition metal
ion
ionization energy

metals
noble gases
nonmetal
periodic law

transition metals
valence electrons

family/group

Know where the metals, nonmetals and metalloids are on the periodic table
Know how to determine valence electrons from periodic table
Know your families (halogens, noble gases, etc.)
What does the atomic number tell you?
Connection between electron configuration and location on periodic table
Location of representative elements, transition metals, & inner transition metals
History of the periodic table
What factors influence atomic size?
How ions are formed
Be able to write the correct form of an elements ion
TRENDS!!!! ( Electronegativity trends, ionization trend, atomic radius trend)
Know your vocab!
Ch. 7 and 8 VOCAB
Chemical formula

electron dot structure (Lewis)

formula unit

Ionic bonds
Valence electrons
Polar molecule
Molecular compound
Structural formula
Molecular geometry

ionic compounds
octet rule
covalent bonds
single, double; triple covalent bonds
nonpolar molecule
polyatomic ion
coordinate covalent bond
molecule
unshared pair (lone pair)
VSEPR theory
diatomic molecule

TASKS
Determine whether a compound is ionic or covalent (by looking at the atoms within a compound
or the formula)
Determine the charges of ions (formation of cation or ion)
Determine the formula for two atoms that are joining to form a compound (e.g. Li + Cl)
Determine which elements are likely to form ionic compounds with others, etc,
Determine the electron configuration for ions
Use of octet rule
Determine if a compound is ionic, polar-covalent or nonpolar covalent by using the location on
the periodic table
Draw the Lewis structures (electron dot) for ionic and covalent bonds
Know how many electrons should surround each atom following the octet rule
Determine # of valence electrons in an atom (look at representative group #)
Interpret the information provided by molecular and structural formulas
Determine the molecular geometries for covalent bonds
*Lone pair vs. shared pair
*Central atom
*geometry identification