S7L2 b and S7L1b - Cell Structure, Viruses, Bacteria

Multiple Choice 1.5 points each

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____

1. What are the products of photosynthesis?

a. carbon dioxide and water
b. oxygen and water
c. carbon dioxide and sugars
d. oxygen and sugars

____

2. What happens during photosynthesis?

a. The cell uses oxygen to make food.
b. The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food.
c. The cell uses glucose to make oxygen.
d. The cell uses the energy in sunlight to make carbon dioxide.

____

3. How does photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs?

a. It adds carbon dioxide to the air.
b. It creates food that they can eat.
c. It eliminates harmful sugars.
d. It creates clean water.

____

4. What happens during respiration?

a. Oxygen is released into the air.
b. Glucose ( sugar) is broken down, releasing energy.
c. Carbohydrates are released into the bloodstream.
d. Water and carbon dioxide are converted into energy.

____

5. How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

a. They have opposite equations.
b. They have the same equation.
c. They both produce carbon dioxide.
d. They both produce oxygen.

____

6. Together, respiration and photosynthesis keep the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere
a. fairly constant.
b. constantly changing.
c. constantly increasing.
d. constantly decreasing.

____

7. What captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis?

a. solar cells
b. stomata
c. chlorophyll and other pigments
d. carbohydrates

____

8. Which term refers to the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration?
a. collision
b. diffusion
c. active transport
d. concentration

____

9. Which term refers to the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane?
a. osmosis
b. engulfing
c. active transport
d. passive transport

____ 10. Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cells energy?
a. concentration
b. collision
c. active transport
d. passive transport
____ 11. Which of the following is an example of symbiotic mutualism?
a. two paramecia exchanging genetic material
b. the zooflagellate Giardia reproducing in a human
c. the sporozoan Plasmodium feeding on a human cell
d. a zooflagellate digesting food in a termites intestine
____ 12. Fungi that decompose dead organisms
a. can cause serious disease in plants.
b. live in symbiosis with other organisms.
c. return important nutrients to the soil.
d. are often called pioneer organisms.
____ 13. Why are viruses like parasites?
a. They harm the cells they enter.
b. They multiply.
c. They use their own energy to develop.
d. They make their own food.
____ 14. A viruss proteins are important because they
a. contain genetic material.
b. make new virus particles.
c. provide energy for the virus.
d. help the virus attach to its host.
____ 15. Which shape describes some bacterial cells?
a. cube-shaped
b. bullet-shaped
c. spiral
d. robotlike
____ 16. Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells?
a. cell membrane
b. nucleus
c. genetic material
d. flagella
____ 17. What process results in genetically different bacteria?
a. binary fission
b. respiration
c. conjugation
d. asexual reproduction

____ 18. Endospores form during

a. binary fission.
b. sunlight hours.
c. respiration.
d. harsh environmental conditions.
____ 19. What important role do bacteria called decomposers play?
a. They return basic chemicals to the environment.
b. They slow down food spoilage.
c. They kill harmful bacteria.
d. They produce vitamins.
____ 20. Which of the following is NOT a role of bacteria that live in human bodies?
a. digesting food
b. competing for space with disease-causing bacteria
c. making vitamins
d. fixing nitrogen
____ 21. The best treatment for most viral infections is
a. an over-the-counter medication and bed rest.
b. a vaccine.
c. an antibiotic.
d. both b and c.
____ 22. How does a vaccine work?
a. It activates the bodys natural defenses.
b. It weakens the cell walls of bacteria, causing the cells to burst.
c. It treats the symptoms of an infection.
d. It attacks antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
____ 23. Binary fission is the bacterial process of
a. asexual reproduction.
b. obtaining food.
c. producing energy.
d. forming endospores.
____ 24. Viruses are considered to be nonliving because they
a. cannot multiply.
b. use energy to grow.
c. are smaller than bacteria.
d. do not show all the characteristics of life.
____ 25. The process of breaking down food to release its energy is called
a. conjugation.
b. respiration.
c. binary fission.
d. nutrition.
____ 26. Heterotrophic bacteria obtain food by
a. capturing the suns energy.
b. using the energy from chemicals in their environment.
c. consuming autotrophs and other heterotrophs.
d. helping autotrophs make food.

____ 27. What directly provides energy for a virus?

a. food
b. its host
c. the sun
d. a parasite
____ 28. A hidden virus
a. cannot attach to a host cell.
b. becomes part of the host cells genetic material.
c. immediately takes over the cells functions.
d. attaches to but does not enter the cell.
____ 29. Which of the following structures are always found in bacterial cells?
a. nuclei
b. ribosomes
c. flagella
d. coats
____ 30. Which of the following stimulates a persons body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria?
a. antibiotic
b. vaccine
c. toxin
d. endospore
____31. Small openings called ____________________ allow carbon dioxide to enter a leaf.
a. spores
b. stomata
c. osmosis
d. none of the above
____32. Energy from glucose (sugar) is released in the process of ____________________.
a. photosynthesis
b. active transport
c. osmosis
d. respiration
____33. The products of respiration are energy, carbon dioxide, and ____________________.
a. food
b. oxygen
c. water
d. nitrogen
____34. Chloroplasts contain a pigment called ____________________ that captures the energy in light.
a. cytoplasm
b. chlorophyll
c. clostridium
d. DNA

____35. Unlike passive transport, active transport requires the cell to use its own ____________________.
a. vacuoles
b. genetic material
c. energy
d. both a and c
____36. A viruss _________________________ contains the instructions for making new viruses.
a. protein coat
b. nucleus
c. head
d. genetic material
____37. The shape of the ____________________ on a viruss coat allows the virus to attach to certain cells.
a. protein
b. head
c. genetic material
d. none of the above
____38. Autotrophic bacteria either use the suns energy to make food or break down ____________________ in their
environment.
a. organisms
b. chemicals
c. species
d. water
____39. Some bacteria move by using a long, whiplike structure called a(an) ____________________.
a. cilia
b. tail
c. flagella
d. mitochondria
____40. Bacteria are called ____________________ because their genetic material is not contained in nuclei.
a. eukaryotes
b. endospores
c. archae
d. prokaryotes

Short Answer answer using the paper provided.

Use the diagram to answer each question.

43. Arrange the steps shown in the diagram in their proper sequence. 2 points
44. Using complete sentences, describe what is happening in part A of the diagram. 2 points
45. Using complete sentences, describe what is happening in part B of the diagram. 2 points
46. Identify the structures inside the bacterium in part C of the diagram. 2 points
47. Does the diagram show the multiplication of an active virus or a hidden virus? Explain using complete sentences.
6 points
48. How does the diagram show that viruses multiply differently than organisms do? Explain using complete
sentences. 6 points

Essay
Select any 2 questions from question 49 through 53, answer them in complete sentences. 6 points each
49. Explain the following statement: Photosynthesis and respiration are opposite processes.
50. Describe the two methods of active transport.
51. What is an endospore and what is its role in a bacterium?
52. How do bacterial cells differ from the cells of eukaryotes?
53. Describe the basic structures of viruses and explain their roles.
Select any question from question 54 through 57, answer it in a paragraph using complete sentences. 10 points
54. Animals do not make their own food from energy in sunlight. Explain why they still depend on the sun for energy.
55. Raising the temperature of a substance causes its molecules to move faster. Explain why raising the temperature
of a liquid would speed up diffusion.
56. Why are decomposing bacteria and nitrogen-converting bacteria important to farmers?
57. A space probe finds no signs of life on another planet. Is it likely that there are viruses on that planet? Explain
your reasoning.