Standard 5:

Atomic Theory
How it has
changed
over time

Democritus

Greek philosopher

Decided that all matter was made up of tiny

indivisible particles
Greek word for indivisible = atomos
First person to use the term atom
Idea faded as Aristotles ideas were more
popular (matter is divine, spiritual)

John Dalton

Scientist performed experiments

After the renaissance, Democritus ideas of

atoms gained popularity
Dalton studied many ideas about atoms and
developed the first atomic theory

Daltons Atomic Theory

1.
2.
3.

4.

All matter is made of atoms.

Atoms are indivisible.
Atoms of the same element are identical,
but atoms of different elements are different.
Atoms of different elements unite to form
compounds.

J. J. Thomson

Discovered the electron while

studying cathode ray tubes.
Why does the
beam of electrons
move upward?
Downward?

He realized that if there was an

electron in the atom, there must be
a proton to cancel out the negative
charge.

J. J. Thomsons Plum Pudding

Model

The atom is not a solid sphere, but has

electrons floating around in a positive
material.

Plum Pudding

Protons and Electrons

Proton = positive particle (+)
Electron = negative particle (-)

# of Protons = # of Electrons

NEUTRAL atom

Atomic Number = # of protons in an atom

Rutherfords
Gold Foil Experiment

Video:
Through the Wormhole: Episode 7

Rutherfords Planetary Model

Rutherford discovers the NUCLEUS
-- tiny, positive center of an atom
1.
2.
3.

Proton = positively charged particle

Electron = negatively charged particle
Neutron = particle with no charge

Electrons are found

orbiting the nucleus.

NUCLEUS

protons + neutrons
located inside

Calculating PEN numbers

Atomic Number
=
# of protons in the nucleus of an atom

# of protons = # of electrons
Element

Sulfur
S
Iron
Fe

Atomic #

# Protons

# Electrons

Calculating PEN numbers

Mass Number
# of protons
# of neutrons
in the nucleus of an atom

MUST round off the atomic mass found on

the periodic table red number
Magnesium
Boron
Neon

Writing Symbols
Mass Number

Atomic Number

197
79

Au

X
16
8

Calculating PEN numbers

Atomic # = PROTONS
protons = # of ELECTRONS
# of NEUTRONS = mass # atomic #

P= ___

E= ___
N= ___

Bohr Models

Bohr model of the atom

electrons travel in rings around the nucleus

2 8 8
NUCLEUS

Niels Bohr
1885 - 1962

Parts of a Bohr Model

Isotopes

Isotopes atoms of the same element

same number of protons (same atomic number)

different number of neutrons (diff. mass number)

There are three isotopes of carbon:

Carbon 12
12
6

Carbon 13

Carbon 14

C
6