gy 17 thing 6 nam 20%4 Cable iver - Google Docs Co ban vé cap quang | Céu tao cila cap quang, Cac dac diém, phan loai cap quang Nam 1966, Charles Kuen Kao va George Hockman, hai kf su tré tai Phang thi nghiém chuan vién théng (Anh), 48 céng bé khém pha méi day hira hen vé khé nang ctla soi quang - nhong soi thiyy tinh hoe nhya trong suét, linh hoat va mang hon mét gi téc. ‘én nam 1970, Corning Glass Works, hang san xuat gdm str va thiy tinh cla My, lan dau tién sn xuét thanh céng sgi cép quang thanh pham cé thé sir dung dé truy&n dir liu téc 46 cao va sao dé da dug cac céng ty vin théng trién khai sr dung. Tuy nhién phai dén nhtng nam 90 voi sy bing né cia internet 44 khién céng nghé cép quang duge tng dung réng rai va tro nén khéng thé thiéu trong viée truyén tai do lién. Cap quang [a co. 6 cia Internet va WiFi. Hién nay, moi doanh nghiép v6i mang LAN dau str dung nd. Moi nguéi ‘cling nho dén cp quang mi khi giti e-mail, tin nhén SMS, Anh, video va cac file dé ligu khac. 1. Cu tao cia cap quang Cp quang c6 cau tao gm day dan trung tém la s9i thay tinh hodc plastic 4 dug tinh ché nh&m cho phép truyan di t6i da céc tin higu anh sng. Soi quang durgc trang mét l6p lot nhm phan chiéu tét cdc tin higu anh sang va han ché sy gay gap cila sqi cap quang. ‘Sgi cép quang dugc cu tao tiv ba thanh phan chinh: 15i (core) L6p phan xa anh sng (cladding) Lép vé bao vé chinh (primary coating hay con goi coating, primary buffer), Core dugc lam bang s9i thiyy tinh hoac plastic ding truyén dan anh sng. Bao boc core Ia cladding - 16p thiy tinh hay plastic — nham bao vé va phan xa anh sang tr Iai core. Primary coating lé Isp vé nhya PVC gitip bao vé core va cladding khéng bi bui, Am, tray xwéc. Hai loai cp quang phé bién la GOF (Glass Optical Fiber) — cap quang lam bang thuy tinh va POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) — cp quang lam bang plastic. POF cé duéng kinh core kha lon khoang 1mm, str dung cho truyn dan tin hiéu khoaing cach ngan, mang téc 46 thdp. Trén cac tai ligu ky thuat, ban thudng thay cap quang GOF ghi cac théng sé 9/125,m, 50/125ym hay 62,5/125pm, day Id duréng kinh ctia core/cladding; cdn primary coating cé duréng kinh mac dinh 18 250um hipsdecs google comocurenl rMnGLH__ WHKESMXYXmESS.nOsO4ibhRViOKAZOUedi7I=en_USSpi=1 wmgay 17 thang 6 nam 20%4 Cable fiber - Google Docs. Neen i el Core Cladding Primary Coating Strength member Buffer sackets Sum 125m 250ym 50ym 625m Bao vé sqi cép quang [a lop vo ngoai gdm nhiéu lp khdc nhau tly theo cau tao, tinh chat cla méiloai cp. Nhung cé ba lop bao vé chinh la I6p chiu Iu kéo (strength member), lp vo bao v8 ngoai (buffer) va l6p 4o gidp (jacket) — tity theo tai liéu sé c6 tén gol khdc nhau. Strength member ld 16p chiu nhiét, chiu kéo cng, thuéng lam tir cdc soi Kevlar. Buffer thuréng lam bang nhya PVC, bao vé trénh va dap, 4m wét. Lép bdo vé ngoai cling la Jacket. M&i loai cp, tly theo yéu cu sir dung sé cé thém cdc l6p jacket khdc nhau. Jacket c6 kha nding chiu va dap, nhiét va cchiu mai mén, bao vé phan bén trong trénh 4m uét va cdc anh hudng ttr méi trvdng. C6 hai cach thit ké khac nhau dé bao vé sqi cp quang la éng dém khéng chat (loose-tube) va 6ng dém chat (tight buffer). Loose-tube thuéng diing ngoai trdi (outdoor), cho phép chiva nhiéu soi quang bén trong. Loose-tube gitip soi cap quang “gian nd” truéc su thay d3i nhiét 49, co gin ty nhién, khong bi cng, bé gp & nhiing ché cong. ! t t : Core Cladding Primary Coating Strength member _Buff Tight-butfer thuréng ding trong nha (indoor), bao boc khit sgi cp quang (nhu cap dién), gidp d& lp at khi thi céng I a Core Cladding Primary Coating Strength member —_ Buffer 2. Phan loai cap quang hipsdecs google comocurenl rMnGLH__ WHKESMXYXmESS.nOsO4ibhRViOKAZOUedi7I=en_USSpi=1 amgy 17 thing 6 nam 20%4 Cable iver - Google Docs Cp quang Singlemode (SM) c6 duréng kinh core kha nhé (khong Sym), sir dung ngudn phat laser truyén tia sng xuyén suét vi vay tin higu tt bi suy hao va cé téc 46 kha l6n. SM thurong hoat dong & 2 buée séng (wavelength) 1310nm, 1550nm Cp quang Singlemode truy8n dug dor ligu véi khong cach khéng giéi rt xa, durge cae don vivién théng si dung d8 truyén dtr ligu trong hé théng ctia ho. Hign nay céc dich vu vign thang hién nay dug rat déng dao ngudi dan sir dung nén cdc nha cung cép dich vy lién tue phai ma rong hé théng truyén dan quang cia ho dé 6 thé dap (eng nhu cau ctia khach hang, do vay da lam cho cp quang Singlemode tréy nén rt phd dung, ha thanh ha di rat nhidu. Cp quang Multimode (MM) c6 duéng kinh core In hon SM (khoang 50um, 62.5um). MM st dung ngudn sdng LED (Light Emitting Diode) hoac laser dé truyén tia sang va thuréng hoat déng & 2 bude séng 850nm, 1300nm; MM 66 khoang cach két néi va t6c dé truyén dan nhé hon SM. Cp quang Multimode hién nay durge st dung rong rai trong cdc ing dung truyén di ligu vei khoang cach < 5Km, thuéng dugc cac doanh nghiép, co quan st? dung trong cc hé théng mang néi bé, truyén théng trong céng nghiép_ Muttimode, Step-index » »* » Multimode, Graded index Singlemode : chiét xuat bute (Step index) va chiét xuat lién tye (Graded index). Cac tia sng kiéu Step index truyén theo nhidu huéng khdc nhau vi vay ¢6 mie suy hao cao va téc do kha cham. Step index it phé bién, thureng ding cho cép quang POF. Cac tia sang kidu Graded index truyén dan theo duéng cong va hdi ty tai mot diém. Do dé Graded index it suy hao va cO téc d6 truyén dn cao hon Step index. Graded index durge str dung khé phd bién. Truyén dan tin higu trén cép quang c6 hai dang don céng (simplex) va song céng (duplex). ‘Simplex truyén tin higu chi 1 chiéu. Duplex c6 thé truyén nhén tin higu 1 chiéu ban song cng hipsdecs google comocurenl rMnGLH__ WHKESMXYXmESS.nOsO4ibhRViOKAZOUedi7I=en_USSpi=1 angy 17 thing 6 nam 20%4 Cable iver - Google Docs (half-Duplex) hoac ea 2 chiéu song cng toan phan (full-Duplex) Duplex & cing thoi diém tiy theo cach c4u hinh. ON___halfDupkex OFF Simplex aS full-Duples —— SS oFF on S—=S— 3. Uu diém cia cap quang Dung lugng én Kich thuéc va trong lurgng nhé do 46 d8 dang lp dat Khéng bi nhiéu béi cac tin hign dién, dién tir hod tham chi ca bire xa anh sang Tinh cach dién do durgc lam tir thiy tinh, khéng chira vat chat d&n dién nén rét an toan khi sir dung trong cae méi truvéng doi hdi tinh an toan cao Tinh bao mat cao do khdng thé bi trich dé lay trdm théng tin bang cac phuong thong thugng ‘Dé tin cay cao do cép quang dug thiét ké thich hop co thé chiu dyng durgc nhting diéu kign vé nhigt 4 va do am khdc nghiét va tham chi o6 thé hoat déng & duéi nuéc Tinh linh hoat do cc hé théng théng tin quang déu kha dung cho hau hét céc dang théng tin sé ligu, thoai va video. Cac hé théng nay déu cé thé tong thich voi cdc chudn RS.232, RS422, V.35, Ethernet, Arcnet, FDDI, T1, T2, T3, Sonet, thoai 2/4 day, tin higu E/M, video tng hop va cdn nhidu nia Dé dang nang cp khi chi cn thay thé thiét bj thu phat quang cén hé théng cap s¢i quang van cé thé dug dt nguyén n ign 4. FTTH la gi? Internet cép quang la gi? Internet cap quang (FTTH) Ia dich vu vin théng bang théng réng bang cap quang dug néi dén tan nha a8 cung cp céc dich vy t6c d6 cao nhu dién thai, Internet tic 4 cao va TV. Bang ch trién khai cap quang dén tan nha khéch hang, téc d§ mang sé nhd vay ma tang [én gap boi phan, Internet cp quang [a cach ggi khac cla FTTH, FTTH [ cum tir viét tat cla thuét ngt Fiber-To-The-Home. La dich vy truy cap Internet hién dai nhdt voi duéng truyén dan hoan toan bang cp quang dén dia chi thué bao. Mang cap quang dugc dua dén dia chi thué bao giip khdch hang sir dyng dug da dich vu trén mang vién théng chat lurgng cao, ké ca dich vy truyén hinh gia tri, Uu dim cua FTTH Dudng truyén c6 téc 46 én dinh; téc dé truy cp Internet cao. Khéng bi suy hao tin higu boi nhi&u dién tt, thoi tiét hay chidu dai cap. ‘An toan cho thiét bi, khong sg sét danh lan truyén trén duréing day. Nang cp bang théng dé dang ma khéng can kéo cap mdi, hipsdecs google comocurenl rMnGLH__ WHKESMXYXmESS.nOsO4ibhRViOKAZOUedi7I=en_USSpi=1 an