Tap chi Khoa hoc va Céng nghé bién T6 (2006). Sé 2. Tr 52 - 59 BAC DIEM HOA HOC VA TINH CHAT GEL CUA AGAR TACH CHIET TU MOT SO LOAI RONG DO VIET NAM TRAN TH] THANH VAN, LE NHU HAU, VO MAI NHU HIEU, LUU PHUOC AN VA BUI MINHLY Tém tit. Dac diém hod hoc va tinh chat gel ctia agar tich chit tir mét sé lodi rong do Vigt Nam dt cece nghién einw Cée mau rong havc thu tp tir thmg 3 dén thing 6 nam 2004 tai cdc tinh Théi Bink, Hai Phong, Thica Thién Hud Quang Ngai. Phi Yén, Ninh Thudn va Kién Giang. Higu sudt chit agar. ste ding, niet 46 dong vis tan dng cng nhic thinh phan hod hoc chi yéu ctia agor da dure xac dinh, Tie nbiing két qua thu dese ct thé Khiing dinh ring ede loi rong edu (Gracilaria) vi loa Getitela acerosa inguin li dé sin xudt agar phe vu nu cau trom mc va such Bhd M6 DAU Agar 1a mt loai polysaccharide tach chiét tir loai rong dé (agarophyte). Nh kha nang tao gel dae biét_ ma né duge str dung réng rai trong ede Iinh vue khoa hoc kinh té khac nhau nhur cng nghé cké bién thye pham, néng nghigp, y duoc, céng nghé sinh hoc, Chat lugng cua sin phdm agar duge dinh gid qua cdc théng sé sau: Sire déng, nhigt 45 dong, nhigt 46 tan dong, d6 nhét, Trong khi céc thong sé trén lai phy thuéc vao thanh phin hoa hoe ¢6 trong agar niu ham wong sulfate, 3,6 anhydro galactose, agarose. Hang nam trén Thé gidi khai thc khoang | triéu tan khé cdc loai rong agarophyte va ché bién 10.000 tén agar [4]. Trong dé 28% sin lugng ding cho céng nghé sinh hgc, 14% cong nhiép duge phim, 58% cén lai dé san xuat cdc mat hang céng nghé thye phim vi cdc nganh cong nghiép nhe khac. Nguyén ligu chi: yéu dé ché bién agar trén Thé gidi 1a cdc loai rong thuge chi rong cdu (Gracilaria) chiém 60% sin luong nguyén ligu, chi Gelidlium chiém 30%, vi 10% cn lai thude cic chi Gelidiella, Pterocladia, Porphyra. Ving bién nude ta co ngudn tai nguyén hét ste phong phi vé cdc loai rong bién, trong d6 cé cdc loai thude céc nginh rong luc, rong nau, rong 46. Theo (7] cho dén nay cic loai thude nhém agarophyte & ven bién Viét Nam gdm nhimg loai thudc chi rong céu Gracilaria va mt loai trong chi Tiéu suong tao Gelidiella & ven bién céc tinh mién Trung 1 c6 kha nding nudi tréng va khai théc ty nhién, Hang nim nude ta khai thée khoang 7.000 52~ 10,000 tan rong khd thude chi rong cdu va 20. 30 tin rong khé thude loai Geliddiella acerosu. Bai bao nay trinh bay dac diém hod hoe va chat luong ca Todi rong thude nhém agarophyte cing nhir cdc yéu 16 sinh thai etia nhém rong nay theo cae ving phan bé tir Hai Phong dén Kién Giang, nhim cung cap nhing sé ligu co ban gop phan chon loc hoac di mai cde déi trong nudi trdng rong ¢6 chat lvong agar cao. agar tich chiét tir ede i. DOL TUONG NGHIEN CUU Cac mau rong durgc thu thap & ede ao nudi trong hode tyr nhién tai cae dia diém thude cac tinh Thai Binh, Hai Phong, Thira Thién Hué. Qui Nhon, Pha Yén, Kién Giang thoi gian tir thang 3 dén thang 6 nam 2004, Chiéu dai cua rong bang chiéu dai trang binh cia hon 30 ca thé. Mau rong bign sau khi thu vé rita sach nude bién, ric va cdt bing nude ngot dem phoi khé réi chiét theo qui trinh cia M.Ohno [5] nhu sau = Chiét agar c6 xu ly kiém: 40 g rong khé duge xw ly bang 2 lit dung dich NaQH 6% 6 nbigt do 70-80 °C trong 3. gity va rita duéi voi nude trong 30 phiit, Sau do durge xir ly tiép bing 2 lit dung dich Hy$O, (0,11 - 0.18%) trong | gid va rita lai dudi voi nude trong 2 gid. Miu rong sau khi xu ly dem chiét 3 lan voi made edt (pH=7-8) 6 nhiét dd 100 °C trong 3 gid dé thu nhan duoc dung dich agar, Ige va dy dung dich, loai nude khoi dung dich nay bang lam lanh, xa da, say khé, ta thu durge agar dang soi. + Chiét agar tw nhién: Giéng nhu chiét agar xtr ly doan xi ly kiém bing NaOH 6%. ~ Xa dinh chat long agar thu duge bing cach do cac théng sé site déng, nhiét do dong, nhigt dO tan déng, 46 nhét cua dung dich agar 1% trén may Rheo Meter model CR- S00DX, - Him long 3.6 anhydro. galactose xée dinh bang phuomg php Resorcinol [12] ding Fructose nhur 1a chat chuan. i¢m nhung khéng thyc hién giai - Him lugng SOx xde dinh bing phuog phap turbility [2]. - Ham luong agarose xée dinh bing phuong phap két tia [1] 33III. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 1. Dic diém sinh hgc cia mt sé loai rong 46 Vigt Nam Bang 1. Dac diém sinh hoc ciia mét sé loadi_ rong dé chil yéu 6 Viét Nam Diadiém | Mai erwing Ae Dic tinh cia rong : sing Dai(em) | Cau tric a ‘Can nhigt d6i | G. tenuispititaia | 30-40 Manh Bo bam . | BS mudi thép. Hai Phan arrnon® can abit doi | _ G. Blodgett 20-30 Tho diy Nau den 1B} mudi cao Thai Binh | Can nhigt d6i | G.tenuispiritata | 30-40 Manh Bo bam ‘D6 mudi thap: ThiraThién | Nude am G. tenuispititata 20-30 Manh, ‘Dé sang, Hué D6 mudi thip ‘Nude dm Gelidiella 45 Dai ‘Vang ang N : Quine NBA | bys mudi cao acerosa Quinnon | NeseAm G.fisherit 30-40 Tho. dai | Xanh nhat DS mudithap | | NuGendng | G.hereroclada | 30-60 | Mong usc, | Xanh nbat Phi Yen A : D6 mudi cao don Nuée am iclidiella : Vang na Ninh Thuan | Nese dm G a 23 Dai ‘ang niu BG mudi cao acerosa Nude Am G. firma 10-15 ‘Pho, dai Xanh den Kien Giang OO 6 mudi thap [_G. fisherii 15:25 Xanh nhat Theo [7] ngudn nguyén ligu chu: yéu cung cap san hong agar trong toan quée Gracilaria tenuispititara. Lodi rong nay duge nudi tréng trong cae ao dia ctia Hué, Thai Binh, Hai Phong va 6 nhimg noi cé dO man thép, rong cé mau do bam dén mau do sang. thin manh, phan nhdnh 2-4 Kin, dai [5-30 em (bang 1). Trong khi dé mién Trung cin 6 thém hai loai rong duge str dung lam nguyén ligu san xuat agar dé 1a Gracilaria heteroclada vi Gelidiella acerosa thude hai chi rong khée nhau. Rong Gracilaria heteroclada ¢6 mau xanh hoe xanh nhat. thd, phan nhnh 1-3 Lin, cao 30-60 cm, dung kinh than tir 1-2mm, rong durge nudi trong chit yéu & mién Trung noi 6 d6 man cao. Con rong Gelidiella acerosa cé mau vang nau, thé cimg. Nhanh dimg thuing cong. cao 2-6 em, mang cdc nhinh nhon dai 2-3 em, thong xép trong mat phang. chuyén nhau hodc xép vé m6t bén & phia trén. Rong phan bé chit yéu 6 cdc tinh mién Trung nhiéu nhat & Ninh Thuan, Quang Ngai. Ngoai ra 6 mién Nam cén c6 thém hai loai loai 34rong cé thé lam nguyén Tigu_ san xuit agar. hai loai nay moe tur nhién & cde bai trigu tai Ha Tién, Kién Giang: d6 14 hai loai rong Gracilaria firma vi Gracilaria fisherii. Rong Gracilaria firma c6 mau nau do. thd. duémg kinh thn 2-3 mm, dai 20-30 em, phin nhénh chuyén nhau hoac chac hai, géc nhanh that lai dét ng6t thanh cudng nh6. Rong Gracilaria Jfisherii mau xanh nhat, manh, mém mai, duéng kinh than 1-1,2 mm, cao 10-25 cm, phan nhanh chuyén nhau, géc cde nhénh that lai thanh cudng, 2. Higu suat va tinh chat gel cua agar tach chict tir m@t s6 loai rong dé Vigt Nam Hiéu sudt va tinh chat gel ctia agar tach chiét tir mat sé loai rong 46 durgc chi ra & bang 2. Hiéu suat chiét agar ty nhién cita cac loai rong trong khoang 15% dén 40% va chiét agar xir ly kigm 14 11% - 28%. Agar chiét tir cac loai rong nudi trong tai mién Bac hau nh khéng cé su thay déi higu suat gitta qua tinh chiét xir ly kiém va khéng xu ly kiém nhung vi cdc loai rong sinh truéng tai mién Nam lai cé sur thay déi rat ding ké. Vi du nhur cing loai Gracilaria fisherii l’y tai hai dia dim khée nhau li Qui Nhon va Kién Giang higu sudt chiét tu nhién va xir ly kigm thu duoe tuong tig nhur sau: 20%-21,6% va 31,15%- 12,4%, Diéu nay c6 thé giai thich do diéu kign moi trudng (nh sing, d6 dm, nhiét dé gitta hai mién Trung va mién Nam cé anh huémg dén ham long polysaccharide, oligosaccharide va tinh bét cia cdc loai_ rong dé. Ciing nhu agar chiét ty nhién tir cdc loai rong thudc chi Gracilaria & ving Mexico, Nam M9. Philippin (3] agar chiét tyr nhign tir chi rong cau tai Viét Nam c6 site déng thdp (nho hon 100g/em? 6 ndng 46 1% ). Khi xtr ly kiém trong qua trinh chiét agar thi site dong cia cde agar nay tang lén dang ké tir 100 dén 932 g/em?. So sinh site ding cia agar chidt tir chi rong cau ctia Vigt Nam véi site déng cia agar chiét tir chi rong céu 6 ving bién Lan cn thi site déng cita agar Viét Nam nh hon agar chiét tir chi rong edu cia Nhat Ban, Trung Quéc va tuong duong véi agar chiét tir chi rong cdu Thai Lan. Philippin [6,10] Agar chiét tir loai Gelidiella acerosa site dang da dat t6i 350-400 g/cm’, sau khi xtr ly kiém site dong tang lén nhumg higu suat giam dang ké tir 35% xudng con 20%. Nhu vay v6i lodi_ rong nay lim nguyén ligu dé sin xudt agar st dung trong thure pham thi qua trinh chiét khdng cdn qua giai doan xir ly kiém. Agar chiét tir chi rong edu 6 Vigt Nam 6 nhigt d6 déng va tan dang tong tig 1 35 dén 42.6 °C va 75 dén 95 °C, dae biét c6 loay Gruciluria firma Kien Giang c6 nhiét do dong thap 35°C va nhiét dé tan déng cao rat-thich hyp cho agar str dung cho mue dich nudi cdy vi sinh, Trong khi agar chiét tir chi tiéu suong tao ( Gelidliella acerosu } c6 nhigt 4 dong cao (46 °C ) hon han. Su khde nhau vé nhiét dO dong ciia hai chi nay duge giai thich boi su khac nhau vé cu tric va trong lugng phan ti cua agar chiét tir hai chi khéc nhau, Dé 1a sy cd mat nhém thé methoxy. sulfate cla cdc gdc D-galactose, L-galactose va 3,6 anhydrogalactose trong phan tir cor ban ciia agar. Didu kign moi trudng cing anh huang len nhigt dG dong rét rd ret, Néw nh agar chidt ti loai Gfisherii & mién Trung (Qui Nhon) 6 nhigt d6 ding 1a 40,2 va 41,5 "C thi agar chiét cing loai nay o mién Nam (Kién Giang) nhiét do déng giam xudng con 36,0"C. 55Theo [9] nhiét 49 déng phu thuéc thudn chiéu vao su cé mat nhém thé methoxy va trong Iugng phan tir ca agar. Nhu vay cé th u kién méi truong & mién Nam (Kién Giang) Khong thudn Igi cho hinh thanh céc nhém thé methoxy trong phan tr agar. Vi cdc mau agar chiét tir loai Gracilaria gjeostedtii tai mién Bac va mién Nam Trung Quéc cdc tac gia [11] ciing thu duge cde két qua tuong tu. : Bang 2 : Hiéu sudt va tinh chat gel cua agar tach chiét tir mét sé loai rong do Viét Nam Chiét agar ty nhién : «| Higu | Sire Nnigtd® | pay, TT| Téntoai rong | Pi diem ly on dong | Nhiét 49 | tan a balled fie mie Lc _| em) | 8S | te oa T | G.asiarica Hai phing [279 [91.7 [420 900 | 10.08 2 |G.temuispititaca | Thai Bink | 15,5 | 744 | 415 1047 3 | G. blodgett Hai Phang | 166 | 648 | 39.0 5.96 4 | 6 gigas Hai Phong | 22.1 | 696 363 113 S |G. tenuispititaia | TT. Hud 219 W241 | 42.0 7.67 6 | Gfisheri QuiNon | 20.0 | 543 40,2 5.96 7 | Gtenuispitiara | Phi Yen — | 1705 | 93.0 405 72 8 |G.heteroclada | Phi ¥én | 34.4 | 606 | 40.0 68 9 | Gacerosa Ninh Thun | 37.3 | 3426 46,7 9.69 10 | G.fisherié Kién Giang | 3135 | 338 | 360 8.09 U1 | G. firma Kién Giang | 40.0 | 102.9 33.0 9.69 12 | G. averosa Quing Neat _| 33,3 | 389.5 | 46.4 Nd Chidt agar wiry kidm -sdiémuy |) Higu | Se ean | Nhietas | oo TT) Téntoatrong | PE Aém iy | at | aang aig ‘ng | POtHST ae (%)_| (wlem’ | O"* °c ae 1 | Gasianca Haiphong [282 | 2960 [427 (8&5 | 1047 2 | Gtemispitiaa | Thi Binh 17,5 |4as |4n3 oss | 93 3 |G. blodgeti Hai Phong |218 | 3907 |395 |aa7 | 7.25 4 |G. tenuispititata | TT. Hud 11,87 | 932.0 | 41.0 89.0 10,85 5 | Gfisheri Quinn | 216 |374 (415 | 900 | 8.00 6 | Grenuispitiata | PhiYén | 1845 |3730 (426 © 99,593 7 |G.heteroctada | PhiYén | 214 | 63723 375 | 965 | 8.09 8 |G. averasa Ninh Thuin | 22.6 | 5661 45,0 96,0 128 9. | G. fisher Kién Giang | 124 | 1806 360/725 7.67 10 | G. firma Kién Giang | 12.5 |4063 352 935 10.47 U1 |G acerosa Quang Neat | 2002 | 542.3 46.8 | 93.5 16.68 563. Thanh phan hod hoc ciia agar tach chiét tir mt s6 loai rong a6 cua Viét Nam Chiét agar xu ly kigm Lim ting ham luong agarose (tir 33.0% dén 71.8%). 3.6 anhydrrogalactose (tir 23.1% dén 47.5%) va giam ham luong sulfate (tir 7.3% dén 0.9%), chinh su thay déi thank phin hoa hoc nay dan dén su ting chat higng cua agar t qua x hign str tang cia site déng. Vi vay, dé nhan duge agar chat Iugng cao trong qua trinh sin agar, trén Thé gidi nguéi ta thudng str dung phuong phap xtr ly kiém [11] voi néng dé va théi gian thich hop tuy ting loai rong. Tuy nhién, riéng agar xtr ly kiém chiét tir loai Gelidiclla acerosa thude chi tiéu sttong téo thi sir ting ham lvong agarose. 3.6 anhydrrogalactose va sur giém ham lugng sulfate thay doi it hon so véi agar chiét tir chi rong cau (bang 3). Sy khae nhau ctia hai chi rong cu va tiéu song tao ciing thé hign 15 qua thinh phan hod hoc eta agar. Dé 14 him luong agarose. 3.6 anhydrogalactose cao hon va ham lugng sulfate nhé hon cia agar chiét ty nhién tt G. acerosa so véi agar tur nhién chidt tir rong céu, Tuy nhién sy thay déi cia ham hong 3.6 anhydrrogalactose trong cling mét chi it thay ddi hon, Bang 3: Thanh phin hoa hoc ctia agar téch chiét tir mét s6 loai rong do cia Vigt Nam Chidt agar ty ahién Chiét agar xirly kiém : Bia diém 36 36 TH) Ténlosirong | ifymiu | Agarose | anhydro | S0,| Agarose | anhydro | SO, el galactose __| galactose 1 |G. asiatica Haiphong | 39.9 | 27.9 34 | 61.1 35.5 09 2 |G. temispititara | That Binh | 41.2 | 293 67 | 590 36.9 fe 3 |G. blodgeti Hai Phong | 413 | 338 7.3 | 56.0 40,1 wd 4 |G. gigas Hai Phong | 33.0 | 25.2 7, 5 |Gtenuispitiata | TE Hud — | 464 | 27.3 6.0 | 68.0 442 09 6 | Gfisherii QuiNhon | 33,0 | 25.0 42 | 65.0 40.5 1S 7 | Gtenuispititata | Phi Yen | 42.0 | 269 67 | 563 37.3 Qt 8 | Gheteroclada | Phi¥én | 38.4 | 23.6 5.3 | 68.8 M04 10 9 |G acerosa Ninh Thugn | 67.5 | 40,2 3.1 | 68.0 475 16 10 | G. fisherié Kién Giang 20.6 | 23,1 65 | 58.1 35.7 28 |G firma Kién Giang | 32.1 | 29.7 35 | 718 WS 1S 12 | G-acerosa Quang Ngai | 70,3 | 36.3 27 [78 #25 Te Xir ly kiém trong qué trinh chiét agar nhiim loai bo géc sulfate trong phan tir agar théng qua phan img déng vong tir porphyran thanh 3.6 anhydro galactose [8] lam tang chat Ivgng ctia agar. Tir két qua thu duge & bang 3 cho thay agar chiét xu ly kiém van con mot lung nhé sulfate (tir 0.9% dén 2,8%) ching 16 ring nhém sulfate trong phan ttr agar Khong chi & vi tri Cy axial khéng bén trong anomer (porphyran) ma can 6 vi tri C2, Cy equatorial bén vitng cia anomer galactose va cic nhém’sulfate & vi tri ben nay khéng bi tach khi bi xtr ly kigm 37IV. KET LUAN ‘Trén co séy nhimg két qua thu duge khi nghién ctu dic diém hoa hoc va tinh chat gel cia agar tach chiét tr mét s6 loai_ rong dé e6 thé nit ra hing két ludn sau: Cac loai rong cau (Gracilaria) va mét loai rong thuge chi tiéu suong tao ctia Viet Nam cé thé str dung lam nguyén ligu thé dé san xudt agar phye vu cho nhu cau trong nuée va xuat khdu. Digu kign dia ly c6 Anh hudng dang ké dén dac diém hod hoc va tinh chat gel cia agar tach chiét tir loai rong 68 Viét Nam. Thanh phan hoa hoc clia agar tach chiét tir cdc loai rong trong cing mét chi rong céu thay d6i it hon so véi agar chiét tir hai Jodi thudc hai chi rong khac nhau. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO. 1. Furneaux, R. H., I. J. Miller and Stevenson, 1990. Agaroids from Newzealand Member of the Gracilariaceae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta — a Novel Dimethylated Agar. Hydrobiologia 204/204, 645-654. 2. Jackson, S. G. and E, L. McCandless, 1978. Simple, Rapid, Turbidometric Determination of Inorganic Sulfate and/ or Protein. Anal. Biochem, 90, 802-808. 3. Lopez-Bautisti, J and D.F Kapraun, 1995. Agar Analysis Nuclear Genome Quatification and Characterization of four Agarophytes (Gracilaria) from the Mexican Gulf Coast. J. Appl. Phycol, 7, 351-357. 4, M. Ohno, A. T. Critchley, 1997. Seaweed Cultivation and Marine Ranching. JICA. 5. M. Ohno, Q.N. Huynh, S. Hilave, 1997. Biology and Agar Quality of Cultivated Gracilaria from Vigt Nam. Bull. Marines. Sci. Fish. Kochi Univ. 17, 15-21 6. Orosco. C-A., A Chirapat, M., Nukaya, M. Ohno and M. Sawamura, 1992. Yield and Physical Characteristics of Agar from Gracilaria Chorda Holmes: Comparison with Those from Southeast Asian Species. Nippon Gakkaishi, 58(9), 1771-1776. 7. Phin vign Khoa hoe Vat ligu tai Nha Trang, 1997. Hign trang vi ngudn Igi rong, bién phia Nam Vigt Nam. Dé tai diéu tra co ban. Luru git tai Phan vién Khoa hoc Vat ligu tai Nha Trang, 8 Rees DA, 1961, Enzymic Desulfation of Porphyran. Biochem. J. 80, 449-453. 9. R, Falshaw, Richard H. Furneaux, David E. Stevenson, 1998, Agar from Nine Species of Red Seaweed in the Genus Curdiea (Gracilariaceue, Rhodophyta). Carbohydr. Res. 308, 107-115. 5810. Tam, D.M. and P. Edwards, 1982, Seaweeds of Economic Importance in Thailand, Part 2. Analyics Of Agar from Gracilaria, Bot. Mar, 25, 456-465. 11, UNDP/FAO (1990). Training Manual on Gracilaria Culture and Seaweed Procecing in China. Training Manual 6. Regional Sea Farming Development and Demonstration Project (RAS/90/002)-UNDP/FAO. People’Republic of China, 1-85. 12. Yaphe W, et al., 1865. Improved Recorcinol Reagent for Determination of Fructose and 3,6 anhydro galactose in Polysaccharides. anl. Biochem. 3, 143-148, CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND GELLING PROPERTIES OF AGAR EXTRACTED FROM RED ALGAE GROWING AT VIETNAM COAST ‘TRAN THI THANH VAN, LE NHU HAU, VO MAI NHU HIEU, LUU PHUOC AN AND BUI MINH LY Summary: Chemical characteristics and gelling properties of native and alkali treated ‘agar were studies from red algae growing in Vietam coast. The seaweeds were collected from March to Jun 2004. Agar yield, gel strength, gelling and melting tempertures . sulfate 3.6 anhyslra-galactose and agarose content were determined. Basel on the studied resuls, it may be concluded thar Gracilaria and Gelidiella acerosa from Vietnam could be a source of high quality agar 10 provide domestic and export demands Ngay nhdn bai: 18 - 3 - 2005 Dia chi: Phan vién Khoa hoc Vat ligu tai Nha Trang. Nguoi nhdn xét: PGS, TS. Nguyn Chu H8i 59