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- )(Metallic Materials
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- :

 - ) (Non Metallic Materials

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........
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.......
- ) (Energy Producing Materials
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) (Roa Materials
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 ) (Mechanical Properties
)(Stress
) (
.
Stress(1) = Force /Area = F/A
kg/cm2 , N/ mm2 , lb/in2
:
-
- .
)(Strength

) ( .

 )(Strain

.
Strain () = Length change /Length = L /L
10-6 , Micro Strain
Strain () = Volume change / Volume = V / V
10-6, Micro Strain
) (Elasticity
.
)(Modulus of Elasticity
.
Modulus of Elasticity (E)= Stress/Strain= /
kg/cm2 , N/ mm2 , lb/in2

)(Poisson,s Ratio

.

Poisson,s Ratio( )= Lateral Strain /Longtudinal Strain

unite less

= x/ y

)(Hooks Law

x= x/E y/E z/E
y= y/E x/E z/E
z= z/E x/E y/E

 ) () (Plasticity

) (Deformation

 )(Creep


)(
)(Modulus of Rupture

.
M.O.R= 3PL/2bd2
-
M.O.R= 2PL/bd2
-2
kg/cm2 , N/ mm2 , lb/in2
) (Modulus of Rigidity
)G = E/2(1+
kg/cm2 , N/ mm2 , lb/in2

Eq No. 1

= F/A

Eq No. 2

= L /L

Eq No.3

E= /

) ( ) (

) E =(F/A) /( L /L
Eq No.4

) L= ( F*L)/(A*E

 ) (


-:
- )(Destructive tests
.

 - ) (Non Destructive tests

.

- )( Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity

(Schmidt hammer ) -




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)(I.S.O -: ) (I.S.Q ) (ASTM )(B.S )(DIN - .