TERMODINAMICA - FORMULE RECAPITULATIVE

( unitatea at .de mas ), m0 N ( masa unei

A

1
m0 ,12C 1,66 10 27 kg
12

1. 1 u

molecule )
N

2. N V
A

3. N A 6,024 10 26

( nr. de moli )

molecule
molecule
m3
l
6,024 10 23
, V 22,4
22,4
kmol
mol
kmol
mol

4.

F
N

,
p

Pa pascal ,
S .I .

S
m2

p g h

N
N
N
1 torr 1 mm Hg 133,4 2 , 1 atm 760 torr 1,014 10 5 2 105 2
m
m
m

t0 0 0C

5.

( condiii normale )

p0 1 atm
p0V

6.

T0
k

7.

( constanata universal a g.i. ), R 8310

R
J
1,38 10 23
NA
K

J
kmol K

( constanata lui Boltzmann ) , R k N A

8.

N
n

N
molecule
nL A 2,7 10 25
V
m3

nr. Loschmidt

9. c

m0 v 2
2

10. p

2 m0 v 2
2 m0 v 2
1
2
n
n
v 2 n c ( formula fundamental a t.c.m. )
3
2
3
2
3
3

11. T ( K ) t
12. vT

v2

273,15

3RT

, t ( 0F ) 32

3 pV

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina

3 p

9
t
5

( viteza termic sau viteza ptratic medie )

Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina

8 RT

13. v

8 kT
m0

2 RT

( viteza medie ) , v p

2kT
m0

( viteza cea mai

probabil )
14. n m0

N m0
p
pT0
m
1
p

, p v 2 , 0 0 ,
0
V
V
3
RT0
RT
p0T

15. T const. , p p e
0

gh
RT

( formula barometric )

16.
n1 m01 n2 m02 amestecuri de gaze

17.

nr.molecule disociate
gr. de disociere nr. total init. de molecule

2 N atomi

N nr. total init. de molecule disociere

1 N molecule

pV 2 N 1 N k T

18.

Q
J
C T , C S .I . K , Q C T

Q
J

, c S .I .
, Q m c T , C m c coeficieni calorici
19. c
kg K
m T

Q
J
, C S .I .
, Q C T , C c
C
kmol K
T
20.

Q
m

puterea caloric

21.

L
Q

echivalentul mecanic al caloriei

, q S .I .

J
, Q m q
kg

, J S .I .

J
cal

L J Q , 1cal150C 4,18 J

22.

Qcedat Q

23.

T const.
pV const. Boyle Mariotte

m const

primit

ec. calorimetric

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina

Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina

 V
V t
0

24.

p const.
V V0 1 t Gay Lus ac
m const
V
const.
T
p
p t
0

25.

26.

V const.
p p0 1 t Charles
m const
p
const.
T
pV

R T R T N k T , p n k T

ec. termic
pn

de stare a g . i.

p0

pompa de vid

27.

v
p n p0 1 n
V

28.

i 3 gaz monoat.
i
i
i

U R T p V CV T N k T ec. calorica de st. a g. i. i 5 gaz biat.

2
2
2
i 6 gaz poliat.

29.

L p V

30.

U Q L

31.

C p CV R , c p cV

pompa de compresiun e ;

v
1
V

principiul I
R

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina

rel . Robert Mayer

Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina

32.

Cp
CV

CV

33.

cp
cV

i2
( exponent adiabatic ) ,
i

i2
R, Cp
R
R
2
1
2

Apliciile principiului I al termodinamicii:

L p V 0

Tranformarea izocor:

V 0

CV T2 T1
V

p
V

R T2 T1
2
1

m
Tranformarea izobar: p 0 U CV T CV T2 T1

m
Q C p T C p T2 T1

U 0

Tranformarea izoterm:

Tranformarea

T 0

V2 m V2
L Q R T ln V R T ln V
1
1

adiabatic :

Q 0 U L CV T

CV T2 T1

p V const.
ec. Poisson T V 1 const.
1
T p const.

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina

Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina


34.

C Cp
C CV

p V n const.

ind. politropic T V n1 const. ec. politropei

1n
n

T p const.

35.

Q2
L
1
( randamentul termic )
Q1
Q1

36.

Q2
L

37.

38.

39.

40.

1K

41.

Carnot

Otto

( eficiena mainii frigorifice ) ;

Q1
L

( eficiena pompei de cldur )

T
L
1 2
Q1
T1

V1
V2

Diesel

V
V
1
, 1 , 3
1
1
V2
V2

Q
J
, S .I .
, Q m
m
kg
1
TT , H 2O
273,16

pamestec p0

T
ps T
T0

Prof. fizic. Rou Gherghina

Colegiul Tehnic Alexe Marin , Slatina