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Lesson-12: ARM
2008
2008
ARM Features
ARM has 32-bit architecture but supports 16
bit or 8 bit data types also.
ARM is programmable as little endian or big
endian data alignment in memory.
ARM provides the advantage of using a
CISC in terms of functionality, along with
the advantage of an RISC in terms of faster
program implementation as well as reduced
code lengths.
2008
2008
2008
Jazelle technology
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2008
2008
ARM7 versions
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ARM9 versions
2008
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ARM11 versions
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Memory Architecture
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ARM registers
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R0 to R15.
R15 also function as program counter.
R14 function as link register.
R13 may be used as stack pointer
CPSR (current program status register)
SPSR (saved program status register).
14
ARM Architecture
32-bit bus
IR
r0
to
r15
CPSR
SPSR
32-bit r15
functions
as PC
2008
ID
Barrel
Shifter
ALU,
Execution
unit
Hardwired
circuits for
each
instruction
Chapter-2 L12: "Embedded Systems - " , Raj Kamal,
Publs.: McGraw-Hill Education
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ARM Codes
2008
16
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17
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AHB
2008
19
I1
Fetch
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I2
I3
I4
I5
I1
I2
I3
I4
Decode
Read
Operands
Execute
Write
back
2008
I1
20
Fetched an
instruction In
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Latch
Execute In,
Decode
and mem-ory
In and
Latch inputs I and
read
n
address and
operands
Write Result
In
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I1
Fetch
Decode
I2
I1
Read
Operands
Execute
I3
I4
I6
I2
I3
I4
I5
I1
I2
I3
I4
Write
back
2008
I5
I1
I2
I3
I1
I2
22
Stages
Fetch
Pipeline 2
I3
I3
I2
I2
I1
I1
Decode
Read
Operands
Execute
Write
back
2008
23
Summary
We learnt
ARM Architecture
32- address bus and 64-bit data bus
Programmability as Little endian or Big
endian
Princeton Memory in ARM7 and Harvard
in ARM9
16 Registers with R15 as Program counter
2008
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Summary
We learnt
16-bit Thumb set for 16-bit
instructions to reduce external memory
requirement
AHB
3 stage pipeline in ARM7 and 5 in
ARM9
2008
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2008
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