Sanaa University

Faulty of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Major of Electronics and Communication
Digital Communications
Prepared by: ALWAN, Yasser M., Eng.
Supervised by: NOSARY, Ali N., Dr.

1st Sem. 10-11

Sheet #1: Formatting and Baseband Modulation

P.1) A PCM system uses a uniform quantizer followed by a 7-bit binary encoder. The bit rate of the
system is equal to
bps. What is the maximum message bandwidth for which the
system operates satisfactorily?
P.2) Figure P.2 below shows a PCM signal in which the amplitude levels of +1 volt and -1 volt are
used to represent binary symbols 1 and 0, respectively. The code word used consists of three
bits. Fin the sampled version of an analog signal from which this PCM signal is derived.

Figure P.2

P.3) Given the signal

what is the minimum sampling rate?

P.4) A binary channel with bit rate

bps is available for PCM voice transmission. Find
appropriate values of the sampling rate , the quantization level , and the binary digits ,
assuming
kHz.
P.5) In the compact disl (CD) digital audio system, an analog signal is digitized so that the ratio of
the peak-signal power to the peak-quantization noise power is at least 96dB. The sampling
rate is 44.1 kilo samples/s. Find the number of quantization levels needed and the number of
bits per sample. Find also the data rate.
P.6) Given the time function
. The signal is naturally sampled at 4 samples per
second chosen at t= 0, 2/8, 4/8, and 6/8. The signal is to be transmitted using 4-bit Bipolar
RZ PCM system. Sketch the PAM signal and the M-ary waveforms for 1 second when M=2
and M=8.