Can be described by

two angles:

Altitude
Azimuth

Describe the
sun position
relative to a
vertical surface

Vertical angle to
sun position

Horizontal
bearing angle
from south

Surface horizontal
bearing angle from
south

Angle between
solar and surface
azimuths
=-

Angles east of south are

negative
Angles west of south are
positive

90

-90

45
+

-45

S0

=
For example:

Building Faced is oriented south

east ( =-45)
Solar azimuth () is 30
west of south
= 30 (-45) = 75
Note: || 90, Faced in shade

30

-45

Defines limits of shade conditions

For horizontal
projections:
TAN()=TAN() / COS(Y)

For horizontal projections:

SH=PH TAN()

where,
PH: width of enclosing side of
horizontal projection
SH: height of shadow below
horizontal projection

Defines limits of shade conditions

For vertical projections:
TAN()=TAN(Y)

For vertical projections:

Sw=Pv TAN(Y)

where,
Pv: width of enclosing side of
vertical projection
Sw: width of shadow beyond
vertical projection

East/West Faced:
Vertical fins angled to
the north
and/or
Sun Breakers

North Faced:
Vertical fins (used in
hot climates only)

Vertical
Louvers or Screens

Horizontal
Solid and louvered
planes, projections
or recesses