6

(Nucleic acid)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

DNA
RNA

( nucleotide)
(nucleoside)

2 (pyrimidine derivaive)
(Cytosine C ) (Thymine T ) (Uracil U )
(purine derivative) (adenine A) (guanine G )
()


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

DNA
RNA

69

 6
( Nucleic acid )

( Genetic material )

(Ribonucleic acid, RNA)
(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)
(Polynucleotide) (Nucleotide)
(Phosphodiester)
1.
1. (Nitrogenous base) 2 (pyrimidine)
(purine) 5 3 (Cytosine)
(Thymine) (Uracil) 2 (Adinine) (Guanine)

6.1

6.2
70

1. 5 (Ribose sugar)
(Deoxyribose sugar)

6.3
3. ( Phosphate Group )

6.4
1.1
1.1 Nucleoside Nucleotide
Nucleic acid Nucleotide
Nucleio acid Polynucleotide Nucleotide
( ) Nucleotide
Phosohate group ( 3 ) Nucleotide
Phosphate group Nucloside

71

 6.5 Nucleotide Nucleoside

Nucleoside Adenosine Guanosine
Deoxyadenosine Deoxy Adenosine-5 monophosphate (AMP)
Nucleotide Phosphate 3 Adenosine-5 triphosphate (ATP)
1.2
3, 5 Phosphodiester
5 (C-5) - OH
3 (C-3)

Phosphodiester linkage

6.6 Phosphodiester linkage

72

 - (Sugar-phosphate
backbone)
5 (C-5) 5 3 OH
3

3 (C-3) 5 (C-5)
( 5) d

6.7
( 5 )

2. DNA
DNA (Double helix)
(X helix)

(Commplementary bases)
( 6 ) DNA 6
DNA (B DNA) 3.4 nm.
10

73

6.8 DNA
. A T G C
.
DNA
1) DNA A,G,T C U
2) - (Watson-Crick base pairing)
A T G 2
3 DNA G C DNA A T
G-C 3
3) (A+G=T+C) A=T
G=C A:T=1 G:C=1
DNA
DNA DNA

74

3. RNA
RNA DNA
DNA
( DNA) ( DNA) RNA
(Single stranded)
RNA

6.9 RNA
RNA 3
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA)
DNA mRNA
5-10
% RNA
2. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
tRNA mRNA

75

3. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

rRNA 3 23S 16S 5S rRNA
3 28S, 18S, 5S

4.
(1)

Mg2+, Ca2+,
( Spermine ) ( Histone )
(2) ( Viscosity )

pH
(3) ( Sedimentation )
pH


(4)

DNA 260 195 nm
Hypochromism
DNA ( Single stranded )
Hyperchromism Hyperchromic effect
DNA DNA
DNA
DNA
DNA DNA
DNA DNA
DNA hybridization

76

5. ( Hydrolysis of nucleic acid )

1. (Enzymatic hydrolysis )
2
(1) 3 OH
5
(2) 5 OH
3

6.10

DNA
Deoxyribonuclease ( DNase ) RNA Ribonuclease ( RNase )
3. ( Acid and base hydrolysis)
DNA
DNA DNA
RNA
DNA RNA

77

6.
( Denaturation )
( Disordered structure )

( Urea ) , Guanidine hydrochoride
260 nm

7. ( Nucleoprotein )

2
(1) ( Deoxynucleoprotein or DNP )
DNA 2 ( Histone ) ( Non- histone )
(2) ( Ribonucleoprotein or RNP ) ( Ribosome )
rRNA

8.
1. (Replication) DNA

2. (Transcription)

**********************************************

78


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

3
DNA
RNA DNA
RNA 3

************************************

79