Alternating Current Theory

Week 6
AC Parallel Circuits
 This Week’s Lab
• Experiment No. 20: Vectors and Phasors -
Series Circuits .
 Today’s Topics
• Parallel AC circuits
– RC
– RL
– RLC
 Parallel AC Circuits
• Voltage is the same across any branch.
• Total current is the sum of the currents in each
branch
– Inductive branch current lags the voltage by 90o
– Capacitive branch current lags the voltage by 90o
– Resistive branch current is in phase with the voltage
• Total impedance
– Reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the
impedance of each branch.
• Must consider phase angles when adding
quantities.
 Conductance
• Equal to 1/R
• Symbol: G
• Unit: siemens (S)
• Total conductance of a parallel circuit is found by
adding the conductance of each branch
• Total resistance RT is 1/GT

1 1 1 1 1
    ...   G1  G2  G3  ...  GN
RT R1 R2 R3 RN
 Admittance
• Admittance (Y)
– How well an ac circuit admits, or allow, current
to flow
– Equal to 1/Z
– Unit: siemens (S)
 Admittance
YT = Y1 + Y2 + Y3 + … + YN

YT
Y1 = 1/Z1 Y2 = 1/Z2 Y3 = 1/Z3 YN = 1/ZN
ZT

Since Z = 1/Y

1 1 1 1 1
    ... 
Z T Z1 Z 2 Z 3 ZN
 Susceptance
• A measure of how susceptible an element is to
the passage of current through it.
• Reciprocal of reactance, 1/X.
• Symbol: B
• Unit: siemens
1 1
BL  BC 
XL XC
 Inductor Admittance

1 1 1
YL      90 o

Z L X L 90 o
XL

YL  BL   90 o
 Capacitor Admittance

1 1 1
YC    90 o

Z C X C   90 o
XC

YC  BC 90 o
 Admittance Diagram
j

BC 90o

G0o
+

The angle associated with

the total admittance is the
angle by which the source
BL   90o
current leads the applied
voltage.
 RL Parallel AC Circuit
I
IR IL

R XL
E = 20V 53.13 o
3.33 2.5

I = IR + IL
E = VR = V L
 Total Impedance
YT = YR + YL

1 1
YT  G0  BL   90 
o o
0 
o
  90o
3.33 2.5
 0.3S0o  0.4S  90o  0.3S  j 0.4S
 0.5S  53.13o

1 1
ZT    2 53 .13 o

YT 0.5S  53.13 o
 Admittance Diagram
j

G0o  0.3S0o +
53.13o

BL   90o  0.4 S  90o

YT  0.5S  53.13o
 Total Current

E
I  E  YT  (20V53.13 )(0.5S  53.13 )
o o

ZT

I  10 A0 o
 Branch Currents
E
IR   ( E )(G0 o
)  ( 20V53 .13 o
)( 0. 3S0 o
)
R0 o

 6 A53.13o

E
IL   ( E )( BL   90 o
)  ( 20V53.13o
)(0. 4 S  90 o
)
X L 90 o

 8 A  36.87o
 Sum of Branch Currents
IR  6 A  cos(53.13o
)  j 6 A  sin( 53.13o
)
 3.6 A  j 4.8 A

IL  8 A  cos(36.87 o )  j 6 A  sin(36.87 o )
 6.4 A  j 4.8 A

IT = IR + IL  (3.6 A  j 4.8 A)  (6.4 A  j 4.8 A)

 10 A  j 0
 10 A0o
 Phasor Diagram
j IR
E
θ

IL
IR
I

53.13o
I
+
36.87o
I  I R2  I L2

IL I 
   tan 1  L 
 IR 
 RC Parallel AC Circuit
I
IR IC

R XC
E = 10V 53.13o 1.67 1.25

I = IR + IC
E = VR = V C
 Total Impedance
YT = YR + YC

1 1
YT  G0  BC 90 
o o
0 
o
90o
1.67 1.25
 0.6 S0o  0.8S90o  0.6S  j 0.8S
 1.0 S53.13o

1 1
ZT    1  53.13 o

YT 1.0S53.13 o
 Admittance Diagram
j

YT  1S53.13o

BL 90o  0.8S90o

53.13o
+
G0o  0.6 S0o
 Total Current

E
I  E  YT  (10V  53.13 )(1.0S53.13 )
o o

ZT

I  10 A0 o
 Branch Currents
E
IR   ( E )(G0 o
)  (10V  53.13o
)(0. 6 S 0 o
)
R0 o

 6 A  53.13o

E
IC   ( E )( BC 90 o
)  (10V  53.13o
)(0 .8 S 90 o
)
Xc  90 o

 8 A36.87o
 Sum of Branch Currents
IR  6 A  cos(53.13o )  j 6 A  sin(53.13o )
 3.6 A  j 4.8 A

IC  8 A  cos(36.87 o )  j 6 A  sin(36.87 o )
 6.4 A  j 4.8 A

IT = IR + IC  (3.6 A  j 4.8 A)  (6.4 A  j 4.8 A)

 10 A  j 0
 10 A0o
 Phasor Diagram
j

IC I
IC
θ

36.87o IR
I
+
53.13o I  I R2  I C2

IR  IC 
  tan 1

 IR 
E
 RLC Parallel Circuit
I
IR IL IC
R XL XC
E = 100V 53.13o 3.33 1.43 3.33

I = IR + IC + IL
E = V R = V C = VL
 Total Impedance
YT = YR + YL+YC
YT  G0 o
 B L   90 o
 BC 90 o

1 1 1
 0 o
  90 
o
90o
3.33 1.43 3.33
 0.3S0o  0.7 S  90o  0.3S90o
 0.3S  j 0.7 S  j 0.3S
 0.3S  j 0.4S
 0.5S  53.13o
1 1
ZT    2 53 .13 o

YT 0.5S  53.13 o
Admittance Diagram
j

BC 90o  0.3S90o

G0o  0.3S0o
+
53.13o
BL - B C

YT  0.5S  53.13o

BL   90o  0.7 S  90o

 Total Current

E
I  E  YT  (100V53.13 )(0.5S  53.13 )
o o

ZT

I  50 A0 o
 Branch Currents
IR E
  ( E )(G0 o
)  (100V53.13o
)( 0. 3S0 o
)
R0 o

 30 A53.13o

E
IL 
X L 90 o
 ( E )( BL   90 o
)  (100V53.13o
)( 0 . 7 S   90 o
)

 70 A  36.87 o

E
IC   ( E )( BC 90 o
)  (100V53. 13o
)(0. 3S90 o
)
Xc  90 o

 30 A143.13o
Phasor Diagram
j
E

IR
IC
53.13o I
+
36.87 o

IL - IC
IL
 Total Current
IR  30 A53. 13o
 18 A  j 24 A

IL  70 A  36.87 o  56 A  j 42 A
IC 30 A143.13o  24 A  j18 A

I = IR + IC + IL= 50A + j0 = 50A 

 Parallel Resonance – Ideal Case

XL = XC 1
f0 
XL XC 2 LC

( X L 90o )( X C   90o ) ( X L 90o )( X C   90o )

Z L ZC  
( X L 90 )  ( X C   90 )
o o
j( X L  X C )

( X L 90o )( X C   90o )
Z L ZC  
j0
 Read
• Delmar’s Standard Textbook of Electricity
– Unit 19: Resistive-Inductive Parallel Circuits
– Unit 23: Resistive-Capacitive Parallel Circuits
– Unit 25: Resistive-Inductive-Capacitive
Parallel Circuits
 Next Time
• Test #1