Motor jeders and Starters 10.7, 10.1.8 230-V Single-Phase Motor-Circuit Feeders TABLE 10.1.8 Safety Ground | Gromd [NEMA uP FLA Switeh Fuse cB. Wire use) (C/B) | Starter Size v6 22 30 28 15 2A #2 #2 «0 va 29 30 35 15 2A #2 #2 o 10 36 30 as 15 2#12 #2 2 0 We 49 30 6 15 2a #2 #12 w wa 69 30 8 15 2a #2 2 0 7 5 30 10 20 2H a2 #2 0 12 10 30 12 2 2#12 a2 m2 ° 2 2 30 15 30 20 az 0 ° 3 7 30 20 0 2 #10 a2 #10 t 3 28 0 35 0 210) #10 #10 2 Tt 0 o 30 80 28 #10 « 2 10 30 100 o 100) 246 0 no 3 10.1.9 Motor Starter Characteristics (for Squirrel-Cage Motors) There are fundamentally two types of motor starters, full voltage (both reversing and nonreversing) and reduced voltage. In the information that follows, their characteristics and selection criteria are briefly summarized. Full-voltage starters. A squirrel-cage motor draws high starting current (inrush) and produces high starting torque when started at full voltage. While these values differ for different motor designs, for a typical NEMA design B motor, the inrush will be approximately 600 percent of the motor full-load amperage (FLA) rating, and the starting torque will be approximately 150 percent of full-load torque at full voltage. High current inrush and starting torque can cause problems in the electrical and mechanical systems and may even cause damage to utilization equipment or materials being processed. Reduced-voltage starters. When a motor is started at reduced voltage, the current at the motor terminals is reduced in direct proportion to the voltage reduction, whereas the torque is reduced by the square of the voltage reduction. If the “typical” NEMA design B motor is started at 70 percent of line voltage, the starting current would be 70 percent of the full-voltage value (i.e., 0.70 X 600% = 420% FLA). The torque would then be 0.70%, or 49%, of the normal starting torque (i.e., 0.49 X 150% = 74% full-load torque). Therefore, reduced-voltage starting provides an effective means of both reducing inrush current and starting torque. If the motor has a high inertia, or if the motor rating is marginal for the applied load, reducing the starting torque may prevent the motor from reaching full speed before the thermal overloads trip. Applications that require high starting torque should be reviewed carefully to determine if reduced-voltage starting is suitable. As a rule, motors with a horsepower rating in excess of 15 percent of the kVA rating of the transformer feeding it should use reduced-voltage start.