THE ADVERB = ADVERBUL

I. DEFINITIE
-

Adverbele descriu verbe, adjective sau alte adverbe.

- Adverbele pot descrie modul (manner = how?), locul (place = where?), timpul (tine = when?),
frecventa (frequency = how often?), masura (degree = to what extent?)
Ex.: He speaks slowly = El vorbeste incet - How does he speak? Slowly - adverb de mod (adverb of
manner)
Your hat is there. = Palaria ta este acolo - Where is it? There - adverb de loc (adverb of place)
They will come tomorrow = Ei vor veni maine - When will they come? Tomorrow - adverb de timp (adverb
of time)
She seldom visits us = Ea ne viziteaza rareori - How often does she visit us? Seldom - adverb de frecventa
(adverb of frequency)

- Adverbele de obicei stau dupa verbe. Ele pot sta de asemenea si inaintea verbelor, ca de exemplu
adverbele de frecventa (adverb of frequency)
Ex.: Simon always drives carefully = Simon conduce intotdeauna cu grija.

Adverbele stau inaintea adjectivelor, altor adverbe si dupa verbele la participiu trecut.

Ex.: The test was surprisingly easy = Testul a fost surprinzator de usor.
He speaks incredibly quickly = El vorbeste incredibil de repede.
English is widely spoken = Engleza este vorbita pe larg.

II. FORMAREA ADVERBELOR

a) prin adaugarea sufixului -ly la adjectiv
Ex.: soft - softly = cu incetul

b) adjectivele terminate in -le transforma -e in -y

Ex.: probable - probably = cu probabilitate
terrible - terribly = teribil
gentle - gently = cu delicatete

c) adjectivele terminate in consoana + y transforma -y in -i si adauga sufixul -ly

Ex.: heavy - heavily = cu greutate
lucky - luckily - norocos
easy - easily = cu usurinta
angry - angrily = cu furie

d) adjectivele terminate in -l adauga langa -l sufixul -ly

Ex.: careful - carefully = cu grija

e) adjectivele terminate in -ic adauga de obicei sufixul -ally

Ex.: tragic - tragically = tragic
basic - basically = fundamental
economic - economically = economic
EXCEPTIE: public - publicly = public

f) unele adverbe au aceeasi forma ca adjectivele

Ex.: fast - fast = repede
hard - hard = greu
early - early = devreme
late - late = tarziu
high - high = inalt
near - near = aproape
straight - straight = drept
wrong - wrong = gresit
right - right = corect, drept, chiar
light - light = usor, luminos, deschis
last - last = ultimul, ultima data
most - most = cel mai, cat se poate de, extrem de, cu totul
2

round - round = de jur-imprejur

short - short = brusc, deodata, pe termen scurt, pe neasteptate

g) unele adverbe au forme neregulate

Ex.: good - well = bine, cum trebuie
true - truly = cu adevarat
due - duely = cum trebuie
whole - wholly = in intregime

h) unele adverbe pot avea 2 forme cu sensuri diferite

Ex.: deep - deep = adanc (This is lake is deep = Acest lac este adanc)
deep - deeply = profund (He was deeply hurt by her words = El a fost ranit profund de vorbele ei)
direct - direct = in mod direct (He buy the book direct from the store = El a cumparat cartea direct de la
magazin)
direct - directly = direct, fara intarziere (He phoned her mother directly when he saw the results = El a sunato pe mama sa direct cand a vazut rezultatele)
first - first = intai, primul (I saw you first = Te-am vazut primul)
first - firstly = in primul rand, mai intai (Firstly I studied in Paris = Mai intai am studiat la Paris)
hard - hard = cu efort, cu greu, din greu (She tried hard but she failed = Ea a incercat din greu dar a esuat)
hard - hardly = greu, de abia (He can hardly see without his glasses = El de abia poate sa vada fara
ochelari)
near - near = aproape, nu departe, in preajma (Jessica leaves quite near = Jessica locuieste destul de
aproape)
near - nearly = aproape, cat pe ce, aproximativ, indeaproape (They nearly missed the bus = Ei aproape ca au
pierdut autobuzul)
late - late = tarziu (Tim arrived late = Tim a ajuns tarziu)
late - lately = curand, recent, in ultimul timp (She went often at the cinema lately = Ea a mers des la cinema
in ultimul timp)
high - high = sus, inalt, la un nivel inalt (The kite rise high in the sky = Zmeul se inalta sus pe cer)
high - highly = foarte, extrem de (He is highly respectable = El este foarte respectabil)
free - free = gratis, fara taxa (You can visit the museum free = Poti vizita muzeul gratis)
free - freely = fara restictie, liber, in libertate, cu sinceritate (EU citizens can travel freely within Europe =
Cetatenii UE pot circula liber prin Europa)
h) urmatoarele cuvinte se termina in -ly dar sunt adjective: friendly = prietenos, likely = probabil,
potrivit, lonely = singur, lovely = minunat, frumos, silly = prostut, ugly = urat. Pentru a le transforma in
adverbe folosim cuvantul way sau manner
Ex.: He is a friendly person = El este o persoana prietenoasa = adjectiv
He talked to me in a friendly manner / way = El a vorbit cu mine intr-o maniera prietenoasa / intr-un mod
prietenos

III. ORDINEA ADVERBELOR

- Adverbele de frecventa (adverbs of frequency) stau dupa verbe auxiliare si dupa verbul to be, dar stau
inaintea verbelor principale
Ex.: She has always been loyal = Ea a fost intotdeauna loiala
Tim is usually prepared = Tim este de obicei pregatit.
Helen often goes to the cinema = Helen merge adesea la cinema

- Adverbele de masura (adverbs of degree) cum ar fi: absolutely = absolut, completely = complet, in
intregime, totally = total, in totalitate, extremely = extrem, extraordinar, very = foarte, chiar, tocmai,
quite = cu totul, total, deplin, destul de rather = mai curand, oarecum etc., stau inaintea unui adjectiv,
unui adverb sau unui verb principal, dar stau dupa un verb auxiliar in propozitie
Ex.: He was extremely helpful = El a gost extrem de util
We quite enjoyed the trip = Noua ne-a placut pe deplin excursia

- Adverbele de loc (adverbs of place) si adverbele de timp (adverbs of time) de obicei stau la sfarsitul
propozitiei
Ex.: Shall I wait outside? = Ar trebui sa astept afara?
I met him last year = L-am cunoscut anul trecut

- Adverbele de timp cum ar fi soon = curand, imediat, now = acum and then = atunci, stau inaintea
verbului principal, dar dupa verbul auxiliar sau verbul to be
Ex.: He soon realised that he was wrong = El a realizat imediat ca a gresit.
She is now ready to talk to you = Ea este pregatita acum sa discute cu tine.

Putem sa punem un adverb la inceputul propozitiei daca vrem sa il evidentiem

Ex.: Carefully, he opened the letter = Cu grija, el a deschis scrisoarea - adverb de mod (adverb of manner)
In Paris we visited the Eiffel Tower = In Paris am vizitat Turnul Eiffel - adverb de loc (adverb of place)
Tomoroow I will sign the contract = Maine voi semna contractul - adverb de timp (adverb of time)

- Cand sunt 2 sau mai multe adverbe in aceeasi propozitie, de regula se pun in ordinea urmatoare:
manner - place - time = adverb de mod - adverb de loc - adverb de timp
Ex.: He worked quietly at his desk all day long = El a lucrat in tacere la biroul lui toata ziua.

- Daca in propozitie este un verb de miscare, cum ar fi go = a merge, come = a veni, leave = a pleca,
atunci adverbele se pun in urmatoarea ordine: place - manner - time = advebe de loc - adverbe de mod adverbe de timp

Ex.: She went home by taxi last night = Ea a mers acasa cu taxiul aseara
IV. FOLOSIREA LUI QUITE SI RATHER

Quite si rather sunt adverbe de masura.

a) QUITE
-

se aseaza inaintea articolului a/an

Ex.: She is quite a pretty woman = Ea este o femeie destul de frumoasa

se foloseste in comentarii favorabile, pozitive, cu sensul de mai putin decat foarte

Ex.: This watch is quite cheap = Cheasul acesta este destul de ieftin

- se foloseste inaintea adjectivelor ca: horrible = oribil, dreadful = ingrozitor, ridiculous = ridicol,
brilliant = stralucitor, genial, perfect = perfect, amazing = uimitor, extraordinary = extraordinar, useless
= inutil, impossible =imposibil, right = corect, true = adevarat, sure = sigur, exhausted = epuizat,
certain = anumit, sigur, false = fals, wrong = gresit, alone = singur, different = diferit etc, cu sensul de
complet / in totalitate, in intregime
Ex.: The idea was quite extraordinary = Idea a fost total extraordinara.

b) RATHER
-

se aseaza inaintea sau dupa articolul a/an

Ex.: I am afraid is is rather a boring story - I am afraid it is a rather boring story = Mi-e teama ca este mai
degraba o poveste plictisitoare.

se foloseste de regula in comentarii nefavorabile, negative

Ex.: Those clothes are rather old = Acele haine sunt mai degraba vechi

il putem folosi si in comentarii favorabile cu sensul de intr-un grad / intr-o masura neobisnuita

- Ex.: I didnt know Peter could cook. The meal was rather good = Nu am stiut ca Peter stie sa gateasca.
Masa a fost destul de buna (cu sensul de a fost mai buna decat ne asteptam)

se foloseste si cu formele comparative

Ex.: The second exercise was rather more difficult than the first = Al doilea exercitiu a fost mai dificil decat
primul

V. COMPARAREA ADVERBELOR - Formele de comparativ si superlativ sunt la fel ca la compararea

adjectivelor

Formele de comparativ si superlativ ale adverbelor se formeaza astfel:

a) advebele care au aceeasi forma cu adjectivele de obicei adauga sufixul -er la comparativ si sufixul est la superlativ
Ex.: fast - faster - fastest = rapid - mai rapid - cel mai rapid
1. Comparativul de inferioritate se formeaza asfel: not as + adverb + as
Ex.: not as fast as = nu la fel de rapid ca

2. Comparativul de egalitate se formeaza asfel: as + adverb + as

Ex.: as fast as = la fel de rapid ca

3. Comparativul de superioritate se formeaza asfel: adverb + sufixul -er + than

Ex.: faster than - mai rapid ca

b) adverbele formate prin adaugarea sufixului -ly la adjectiv formeaza comparativul cu ajutorul lui more
si superlativul cu ajutorul lui most
Ex.: smartly - more smartly - most smartly = elegant, destept - mai elegant, destept - cel mai elegant, destept