USN ] ] 06AU56 Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June-July 2009 Automotive Fuels and Combustion Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100 Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting at least TWO questions from each part. PART—A 1 a, Discuss the problems associated with exhaustible sources of Energy in present scenario? (08 Marks) b. Make a list of Renewable sources of Energy. Explain in detail any two methods of hamessing, (12 Marks) 2 a. Explain the Refining process of petroleum products, with the help of figure?” (10 Marks) b. Explain the physical and chemical properties of a fuel. (10 Marks) 3. a. Explain Ottocycle and Diesel cycle with the help of P.V. diagrams. ng (08 Marks) b. Explain the gas chromatographic method for analysis of Exhaust gas, with figure." (12 Marks) 4a. Discuss the suitability of LPG, CNG and alcohols as a alternative fuels of LLC engines. (09 Marks) b. A four stroke 4 cylinder petrol engine was tested at full throttle at constant speed. The cylinders have diameters of 80mm and stroke 100mm. Fuel was supplied at the rate of 5.44 kg/hr and the plugs of the 4 cylinders were successively short circuited without the change of speed With all cylinders working - 14.7 kW With cylinder I cutoff - 10.1 kW ‘ With cylinder 2 cut off = 10.3 kw With cylinder 3 cutoff = 10.4Kw 5 With cylinder 4 cut off = - 10.2 kW Calorific value of petrol was 41900 KJ/kg. The clearance volume of each cylindertis 100 ce Determine: 4 i) The mechanical efficiency ii) The indicated thermal efficiency iii) The air standard efficiency iv) The relative efficiency (11 Marks) PART-B 5 a. Explain the Flame propagation process with the help of figure. (08 Marks) b. Explain the different parameters, which effect the flame propagation in LC. engines. (12 Marks) 6 a Whatis delay period? What are the factors affecting? (08 Marks) b. Explain the different stages of combustion in CL engine, with the help of graph. (12 Marks) 7 a. What are the design considerations in order to avoid the diesel knock? Explain any two methods. (10 Marks) b. Explain the M. type Combustion chamber. What are the merits and demerits? (10 Marks) 8 a. Explain the working of dual fuel engine with the help of P - @ diagram. (12 Marks) b. Justify the suitability or multifuel engine. (08 Marks)5 ew | TTT ETT TTT on Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.09/Jan.10 Automotive Fuels and Combustion ‘Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100 g z & é 1 ae be £8 2 aE 5s ze cea z é a oe HE 62 Zz 5 gos & Note: . Answer any FIVE full questions, selecting at least TWO questions from each part. 2. Assume missing data suitably. PART-A ‘Write a note on natural gas. (02 Marks) What is wind energy? Explain how a wind turbine works, with a neat sketch. Name the different types of wind turbin (08 Marks) lain the following with merits, demerits and applications: i) Solar energy ii) Biomass energy iii) OTEC energy iv) Synthetic fuel energy. (10 Marks) Which are ‘the major hydrocarbon structures in petroleum? Briefly discuss with the assistance of chemical structures. (08 Marks) Explain the different refining processes of petroleum. (08 Marks) Define the terms: i) Flash point ii) point iii) Cloud point iv) Pour point. Explain with the help of a P-V diagram, the loss due to variation of specific heat in an Otto cycle. (07 Marks) What is the difference between air-cycle and fuel air cycle? Explain Otto cycle. (07 Marks) Determine the ideal efficiency of the diesel engine having a cylinder with bore 250 mm, stroke 375 mm and a clearance volume of 1500 cc, with fuel cut-off occuring at 5% of the stroke. Assume y= 1.4 for air. (06 Marks) Explain with a neat sketch the working of Orsat apparatus. (08 Marks) Discuss the use of gas chromatography. (04 Marks) The fuel supplied to a petrol engine is assumed to have the composition C7Hys. Calculate: i) The stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by mass ii) The percentage volumetric composition of the products of combustion if 50 percent excess air is supplied and combustion is complete, (08 Marks) PART-B Discuss the use and importance of LPG and CNG as fuel. (04 Marks) Define the terms volumetric efficiency, thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. (06 Marks) 1 of2« 06AUS6 ‘The following data were recorded from a test on a single cylinder four-stroke oil engine. Cylinder bore = 150 mm, engine stroke = 250 mm, area of indicator diagram = 450 mm?, length of indicator diagram = 50 mm, indicator spring rating = 0.83 bar/ mm, engine speed = 420 rpm, brake torque = 217 Nm, fuel consumption = 2.95 kg/h, calorific value of fuel = 44000 ki/kg, cooling water rate of flow = 0.068 kg/s, cooling water temperature rise = 45 K, specific heat capacity of the cooling water = 4.1868 ki/kg K. Calculate : i) The mechanical efficiency ii) The brake thermal efficiency iii) The specific fuel consumption and iv) Draw up an energy balance in kW. (10 Marks) Explain the stages of normal combustion in SI engine, with the help of pressure crank-angle diagram, (07 Marks) ‘What is meant by flame propagation and flame front propagation? State the parameters that affect flame propagation. (07 Marks) What is ignition lag? List the factors affecting ignition lag. (06 Marks) Explain the stages of combustion in Cl engine. (06 Marks) ‘What is meant by delay period? Explain in detail the variables affecting the delay period in Clengine. (07 Marks) With a neat sketch, explain the working of M-combustion chamber and discuss its merits and demerits. (07 Marks) ‘What is dual fuel engine? Where does this type of engine find application? (04 Marks) Discuss the working principle of duel fuel engine. Explain the factors affecting dual fuel combustion. (10 Marks) Explain the modifications required for fuel system of a multi fuel engine (06 Marks) S&S Q: Poe L Awe a ee 22\\ DOO 20f2USN | | | AU661 Sixth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, June / July 08 Automotive Fuels and Combustion Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks:100 Note : Answer any FIVE full questions. ‘What are inexhaustible energy sources? Explain how geothermal energy is extracted. (10 Marks) the following with merits and demé i) Solar energy ii) Bio ~ mass energy OTEC energy. (10 Marks) Which are the major hydrocarbon structures in petroleum? Discuss with the assistance of chemical structure. (12 Marks) Explain the following in petroleum refinery : (08 Marks) i) Fractional distillation process ii) Polymerization process and Isomerization process Describe the working of the apparatus, which is commonly used for the analysis of exhaust Expl gases. (0 Marks) A solid fuel contains by weight, Carbon 71%, Hydrogen 4%, Oxygen 9%, Sulphur 3%, Nitrogen 1% and the remainder is ash. Determine the minimum quantity of air required for complete combustion of Ikg of fuel. If the actual air supplied is 1.3 times the minimum required for complete combustion, estimate the percentage gravimetric composition of dry gases. (10 Marks) Explain how the FHP of a multi cylinder petrol engine is calculated experimentally. (10 Marks) A four stroke, 4 — cylinder petrol engine was tested at full throttle at constant speed. The cylinders have diameters of 80mm and stroke 100mm. Fuel was supplied at the rate of 5.44 kg/hr and the plugs of the 4 — cylinders were successively short circuited without the change of speed. With ll eylinders working - 14.7 kW With eylinder lcut off = 10.1 kW With eylinder 2 cut off = 103 kW With eylinder 3cut off = 10.4 kW With eylinder 4 cut off = 102 kW Calorific value of petrol used was 41900 ki/kg. The clearance volume of each cylinder 100CC. Determine i) the mechanical efficiency ii) the indicated thermal efficiency iii) the air standard efficiency iv) the relative efficiency. (10 Marks) What is Ignition lag? Discuss the effects of engine variables on ignition lag. (10 Marks) Explain three — stages of normal combustion in S.I. engine with the help of pressure — crank angle diagram. (10 Marks) Describe the phenomenon of detonation or knocking in S.I. engine. What are the harmful effects of detonation? (10 Marks) With a neat sketch, explain the working of M — combustion chamber and discuss its merits and demerits, (0 Marks) What is Ignition delay? Discuss the effects of engine variables affecting ignition delay in CL engine. (14 Marks) ve Discuss the methods to control the diesel knock. (06 Marks) Explain the working principle of dual - fuel engine with P — @ diagram. (10 Marks) Discuss the following factors affecting combustion in dual ~ fuel engine : i) Pilot fuel quantity ii) Inlet temperature. (10 Marks)