Utility Scale 1 MW Solar Power Generation-Libre

Acknowledgement
&
Project Overview
The aim of this project report is to estimate and calculate the
approximate design of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility scale).
The total no. of solar panel required and the different parameters
of the solar panel estimated. A site in West Bengal is taken
virtually to estimate the solar intensity of the site which is most
important for calculation of such type of report.
A Single Line Diagram (SLD) has been introduced in this report.
Also the brief details of the materials/equipments (solar panels,
inverters, protective gears, transformer, SCADA etc.) used to set
up a 1MW power plant have been highlighted.
A financial overview with a possible income datasheet included in
the project report
Please give your feedback via email to this email address:
amrit.mandal0191@gmail.com
Cont e nt s
1. Aim of the project

2. Financial overview
3. Global market price trends of solar panel
4. Technical Calculation/Estimation & Specification
i.
Solar panel
ii.
Inverter
iii.
Protective gears
iv.
SCADA system
v.
Transformer
5 . Single line diagram & Schematics
1 . Aim of t he proje c t
Aim of this paper is to give an overview of a 1MW solar PV power plant (utility
scale).
How the project will work?
1. Using solar pv modules, solar power generates in DC which is converted into
AC power and then using a power transformer the generated and modified
AC power will be fed to the grid.
2. No battery storage introduced here because the plant will only functions in the
daylight and here the generated power will be sold to the grid.
3. For the minimal operation and maintenance of the plant, an off-grid/stand
alone 5KW solar power can be introduced.
The benefits and the installation cost details are highlighted in the next article.
2. Financial Overview
Installation cost, total project cost, maintenance cost and also the total & net
income from the plant over a year are highlighted in this article.
Installation cost
1. Solar panels
i.
German tech.
5.93 cr
ii.
China tech.
4.1 cr
2. Central inverters(4)
1 cr
3. Combiner + junction boxes
30 lacs
4. Protective gears arrangment
10 lacs
5. SCADA & Data logger system
10 lacs
6. Land bank
5 lacs (approx.)
7. Erection of project
10 lacs
8. Total project cost

i.
For German Tech.
7.58 cr
ii.
For China Tech
5.75 cr
Maintenance cost
1. Human resource
20 lacs/ year
2. PV maintenance
1 lacs/ year
3. Site maintenance
1 lacs/ year
4. Total maintenance cost
22 lacs/ year
Income from the 1 MW solar PV plant

The site chosen in West Bengal where daily sun hours=5 hrs through
out the year.
Maximum Solar intensity on the site= 6.18 KW-h/m2/day
Total sunny days available in west Bengal = 255 days
Income from plant

1. Daily units generated
5000 units
2. Yearly units generated
5000x365=1,825,000 units
3. Govt. pays per unit
12.5 / unit
(i.e. state electricity boards power

purchase rate)
(according to WBREDA 2011-12)
2.28 cr
4. Total income over the year

5. net income over the year
2.28-0.22=2.06 cr
Govt. subsidiaries :
Central govt. or MNRE dept. will pay 30% of the total project cost or
provide low bank loan interest (whichever is less)
For this project, by taking the 30% govt. subsidy over the installation
cost, investment will be:
i.
5.30 cr for German PV technology
ii.
4.02 cr for China PV technology
Va r ia t ion of m a r k e t pr ice in de x sola r PV m odu le s:

Fr om a u gu st , 2 0 1 1 t o a u gu st , 2 0 1 2
Pr ice t r e nds Augu st 2 0 1 2
Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201207
Trend since 201201
Crystalline
Germany
0.88
- 3.3 %
- 17.8 %
Crystalline China
0.61
- 4.7 %
- 22.8 %
Crystalline Japan
0.91
- 2.2 %
- 13.3 %
Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.59
- 1.7 %
- 13.2 %
Thin film a-Si
0.50
- 2.0 %
- 16.7 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0,57
- 3.4 %
- 25.0 %
Pr ice t r e nds Ju ly 2 0 1 2
Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201206
Trend since 201201
Crystalline
Germany
0.91
- 2.2 %
- 15.0 %
Crystalline China
0.64
- 3.0 %
- 19.0 %
Crystalline Japan
0.93
- 1.1 %
- 11.4 %
0.0 %
- 11.8 %
Thin film a-Si
0.51
- 3.8 %
- 15.0 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0,59
- 4.8 %
- 22.4 %
Pr ice t r e nds Jun e 2 0 1 2

Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201205
Trend since 201201
Crystalline
Germany
0.93
- 3.1 %
- 13.1 %
Crystalline China
0.66
- 4.3 %
- 16.5 %
Crystalline Japan
0.94
- 2.1 %
- 10.5 %
- 1.6 %
- 11.8 %
Thin film a-Si
0.53
- 3.6 %
- 11.7 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0,62
- 4.6 %
- 18.4 %
Pr ice t r e nds Ma y 2 0 1 2
Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201204
Trend since 201201
Crystalline
Germany
0.96
- 3.0 %
- 10.3 %
Crystalline China
0.69
- 2.8 %
- 12.7 %
Crystalline Japan
0.96
- 2.0 %
- 8.6 %
0.0 %
- 10.3 %
Thin film a-Si
0.55
- 1.8 %
- 8.3 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0,65
- 4.4 %
- 14.5 %
Pr ice t r e nds Apr il 2 0 1 2

Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201203
Trend since 201201
Crystalline
Germany
0.99
- 2.9 %
- 7.5 %
Crystalline China
0.71
- 4.1 %
- 10.1 %
Crystalline Japan
0.98
- 2.0 %
- 6.7 %
0.0 %
- 10.3 %
Thin film a-Si
0.56
- 1.8 %
- 6.7 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0,68
- 4.2 %
- 10.5 %
Pr ice t r e nds Ma r ch 2 0 1 2
Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201202
Trend since 201201
Crystalline
Germany
1.02
- 1.0 %
- 4.7 %
Crystalline China
0.74
- 3.9 %
- 6.3 %
Crystalline Japan
1.00
- 2.0 %
- 4.8 %
- 3.2 %
- 10.3 %
Thin film a-Si
0.57
0.0 %
- 5.0 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0,71
- 1.4 %
- 6.6 %
Pr ice t r e nds Febr ua r y 2 0 1 2

Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201201
Trend since 201101
Crystalline
Germany
1.03
- 3.7 %
- 39.7 %
Crystalline China
0.77
- 2.5 %
- 47.6 %
Crystalline Japan
1.02
- 2.9 %
- 37.4 %
- 7.4 %
- 49.5 %
Thin film a-Si
0.57
- 5.0 %
- 47.0 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0.72
- 5.3 %
- 43.0 %
Pr ice t r e nds Ja n ua r y 2 0 1 2
Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201112
Trend since 201101
Crystalline
Germany
1.07
- 4.5 %
- 37.3 %
Crystalline China
0.79
- 2.5 %
- 46.3 %
Crystalline Japan
1.05
- 4.5 %
- 35.6 %
- 6.8 %
- 45.5 %
Thin film a-Si
0.60
- 6.3 %
- 44.2 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0.76
- 7.3 %
- 39.8 %
Pr ice t r e nds D ece m be r 2 0 1 1

Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201111
Trend since 201101
Crystalline
Germany
1.12
- 4.8 %
- 34.4 %
Crystalline China
0.81
- 4.3 %
- 44.9 %
Crystalline Japan
1.10
- 3.6 %
- 32.5 %
- 6.6 %
- 41.5 %
Thin film a-Si
0.64
- 4.9 %
- 40.5 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0.82
- 3.5 %
- 35.1 %
Pr ice t r e nds N ove m be r 2 0 1 1

Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201110
Trend since 201101
Crystalline
Germany
1.18
- 8.7 %
- 31.1 %
Crystalline China
0.85
- 7.7 %
- 42.2 %
Crystalline Japan
1.14
- 6.3 %
- 30.0 %
- 6.9 %
- 37.4 %
Thin film a-Si
0.67
- 8.5 %
- 37.4 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0.85
- 5.0 %
- 32.8 %
Pr ice t r e nds Oct ober 2 0 1 1

Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201109
Trend since 201101
Crystalline
Germany
1.29
- 3.0 %
- 24.5 %
Crystalline China
0.92
- 6.2 %
- 37.6 %
Crystalline Japan
1.22
- 3.7 %
- 25.3 %
- 8.8 %
- 32.8 %
Thin film a-Si
0.74
- 4.5 %
- 31.6 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0.89
- 3.9 %
- 29.2 %
Pr ice t r e nds Sept e m be r 2 0 1 1

Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201108
Trend since 201101
Crystalline
Germany
1.33
- 4.4 %
- 22.2 %
Crystalline China
0.98
- 6.0 %
- 33.5 %
Crystalline Japan
1.27
- 4.7 %
- 22.4 %
- 6.9 %
- 26.3 %
Thin film a-Si
0.77
- 9.6 %
- 28.4 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0,93
- 5.2 %
- 26.4 %
Pr ice t r e nds Augu st 2 0 1 1

Module type,
origin
/
Wp
Trend since 201107
Trend since 201101
Crystalline
Germany
1.39
- 4.7 %
- 18.6 %
Crystalline China
1.04
- 7.1 %
- 29.3 %
Crystalline Japan
1.33
- 3.4 %
- 18.5 %
- 3.7 %
- 20.9 %
Thin film a-Si
0.85
- 5.8 %
- 20.8 %
Thin film a-Si/-Si
0,98
- 1.8 %
- 22.3 %
1.00 EUR = 69.3608 INR

Euro
Indian Rupee
1 EUR = 69.3608 INR
1 INR = 0.0144174 EUR
10
1.6
market scenario of solar PV modules

aug,2012
1.4
jul,2012
EURO/Wp
1.2
jun,2012
may,2012
apr,2012
0.8
mar,2012
0.6
feb,2012
0.4
jan,2012
0.2
0
dec,2011
Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Thin film Thin film a- Thin film aGermany
China
japan
CdS/CdTe
Si
Si/-Si
11
nov,2011
oct,2011
Calculation details of solar modules overall ratings

and no. of solar panel used
Worksheet for determining required number of panels

Total capacity of the plant
1MWp
Avg. sun hrs per day
Total power/day
5MW p
Total watt-hrs per day
5x1000x1000 W-h/day
Maximum solar insolation at the site
6.18 KW-h/m2/day
Divide total watt-hrs/day by solar

insolation
809061.4887
Multiply this figure by 1.2(to cover

system inefficiency)
No. of solar panel=Divide this figure by
the Wp(here 300Wp) of the chosen solar
panel
809061.4887x1.2=970873.7864
3236.3
~3236**
**for better efficiency and to utilize the inverter and other components better we
should consider the no. of solar panel=3240
12
Solar PV arrangement & overall system rating

Rating of solar panel
Wattp (W)
DC Voltage (Vmp( V))
DC Current (Imp (A))
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc (V))
Short Circuit Current (Isc (A))
300Wp
36.72V
8.17A
45.50
8.65
Setup of panels as per requirements

By calculation and the demand of the plant,
The total no. of solar pv panels to be used= 3236
From 3236 panels, total 3240 panels are considered to generate the required energy1MW.
Configuration details:
3240 panels are divided into 4 groups- each group containing 810 solar panels.
In each group, 810 panels are further divided into 54 strings
Each string contains 15 solar panels.
Electrical calculation:
Output voltage of each string
Output current of each string
Output voltage of each group
Output current of each group
36.72x15=550.8 VDC
8.17 ADC
550.8 VDC
8.17x54=441.18 ADC
NOTE: in each string, the solar panels are connected in series to increase the voltage. And
in each group, the 54 strings are connected in parallel to increase the current.
DC output power calculation:

Output power of each string
Output power of each group
Output power of 4 groups
550.8x8.17=4.5 KW
243KW
972KW
13
The above specifications are available with TITAN ENERGY SYSTEMS LTD.
Their module spec TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline (high efficiency) has been
used as a reference.
A datasheet/spec. sheet of TITAN M6-72 Polycrystalline has been provided in
this report.
Please go through it for more details.
14
Titan Energy Systems Ltd

a member of SARSA group
An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Company
PV Module TITAN M6-72

Typical Electrical Characteristics
Type
Pmp (W) 265
Max Power
TITAN M6-72
270
(W)
Max Power Voltage Vmp(V) 34.33
7.72
Open Circuit Voltage Voc (V) 43.27

Short Circuit Current Isc (A)
8.30
34.75
35.04
7.77
7.85
7.96
43.70 43.99
44.28
8.34
Electrical parameters tolerance

Max System Voltage
Strengths
285
290
295
8.39
35.18
8.46
35.63 36.12 36.51

8.00
8.03
8.08
44.42 44.78 45.00

8.49
8.53
8.56
VDC
Number, type and arrangement of cells
72, Multi-Crystalline, 12 x 6 Matrix
Cell Size
6 x 6 / 156 x 156 mm
(A)
15
Pm Temperature Co-efficient ()
Isc Temperature Co-efficient ()
(%/C)
(%/C)
-0.41
+0.04
(%/C)
-0.32
NOCT at STC
(C)
451
TUV Certifications:
EN IEC 61215 : 2005
EN IEC 61730-1 : 2004 / 2007
EN IEC 61730-2 : 2004 / 2007
EN IEC 61701 : 2010-02
Withstands heavy loading due to snow & ice;
Has higher safety margin for storm weather
and gale winds
Mechanical Characteristics
No. of Drain Holes in Frame
12
Qualified for Highly corrosive WetAtmospheres & Environments
Glass Type and Thickness
4 mm Thick, Low iron, Tempered
Limited Power Warranty : 90% @ 12 Years

80% @ 25 Years
8.17
8.65
Tyco / ZJRH / Huber + Suhner
Junction Box
Tyco / MC4
Type of connector
Dimensions (L x W x Th)
mm
1975 x 988 x 50
Weight
Kg
27.0
Packing Configuration
Packing Configuration
20 Modules in each pallet
1 * 20 Ft
200 Modules
1 * 40 Ft STD/HQ
400 modules
Certifications
Absolute Ratings
Operating Temperature
(C)
-40 ~ +85
Storage Temperature
(C)
-40 ~ +85
NOTE: The data presented may change due to further improvements in the product.
15
8.25
45.50 45.58
Max Series Fuse
Voc Temperature Co-efficient ()
5 years
305
36.72 36.97
1000
Positive power tolerance

High Efficiency Multi Crystalline Modules
Product Guarantee :
300
5%
No. of By-pass Diodes
High Efficiency PV Modules
280
+0 to 4.9Wp or 2.5%
Power Tolerance
Max Power Current Imp (A)
275
8.68
PV Module TITAN M6-72

Typical I-V Curves
Current (A)
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
1000 W/m at 25 C
2
800 W/m at 25 C
2
600 W/m at 25 C
2
400 W/m at 25 C
2.0 200 W/m2 at 25O C

2
1000 W/m at 50 C
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
50.0
40.0
Voltage (V)
Current/voltage dependence on irradiance and module temperature.
These I-V curves indicate the effect of temperature and light intensity on module Performance.
Dimensions
Sl.No.Label
100+1mm
237.5+1 mm
Terminal Box
DATA Label
Warning Label
592+1mm
375+1 mm
3.9 mm EARTHING
HOLES - 2 nos
Embossed
Earth Symbol
(One on each long member)

8X12- MOUNTING
SLOTS - 10 nos
591+1mm
(5 on each long member)
100+1mm
1975 1 mm
1975 1mm
4 Sq mm Cable, 1Mtr Length

with Connectors
592+1mm
4.5mm DRAIN HOLES -12 nos
375+1 mm
943.5+1 mm
100+1mm
988 1 mm
FRONT VIEW
100+1 mm
50+0.5 mm
988+1 mm
FRAME
REAR VIEW
SIDE RAIL
PV Module Products
M6-72 Family Series (305Wp to 125Wp) : M6-72, M6-60, M6-54 & M6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
M6-60: Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard; M6-72: Certification for UL (USA & Canada) is in Progress
S6-60 Family Series (250Wp to 120Wp) : S6-60, S6-54 & S6-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
S6-60 - Certified for UL (USA & Canada) Standard
S6-72 Family Series (300Wp to 285Wp) : Certification for IEC & UL (USA & Canada) Standards
S5-96 Family Series (250Wp to 75Wp) : S5-96, S5-72, S5-60, S5-54 & S5-36 - Certified for IEC Standards
Corporate Office (India) :
TITAN Energy Systems Ltd,
16, Aruna Enclave, Trimulgherry,
Secunderabad 500 015, INDIA
Phone: +91 (0)40 27791085, 27790751
Fax: +91 (0)40 27795629
Email: info@titan-energy.com
16
Sales Office (Europe) :

TITAN Energy Systems Ltd,
Basel, 4052
Switzerland
Phone: +41-6150-0052-9
Email: info.eu@titan-energy.com
www.titan-energy.com
Inverter Details & Specification

Type of the inverter: central inverter considered
Recommended specification
Input (DC)
Max input power
DC voltage range, mpp (UDC)
Maximum DC voltage (Umax (DC))
Maximum DC current (Imax (DC))
Voltage ripple
Number of protected DC inputs (parallel)
300 kWp
450 to 750 V (- 825 V)
900 V (1000 V)
600 A
< 3%
2 (+/-) / 8
Output (AC)
250 kW
Nominal AC output power (PN (AC))

Nominal AC current (IN (AC))
Nominal output voltage (UN (AC))
Output frequency
Harmonic distortion, current
Power factor compensation (cos )
Distribution network type
485 A
300 V
50 / 60 Hz
< 3%
Yes
TN and IT
To meet the above stated criteria, central inverter manufactured by ABB is

considered.
PVS800-57-0250kW-A inverter manufactured by ABB considered.
Total 4 inverters of PVS800-57-0250kW-A type required to generate the 1MW
power.
Brief details of this inverter can be collected from the official website of
ABB.
17
Solar inverters
ABB central inverters

PVS800
100 to 500 kW
ABB central inverters raise reliability,

efficiency and ease on installation to
new levels. The inverters are aimed
at system integrators and end users
who require high performance solar
inverters for large photovoltaic power
plants and industrial and commercial
buildings. The inverters are available
from 100 kW up to 500 kW, and are
optimized for cost-efficient multimegawatt power plants.
Worlds leading inverter platform
The ABB solar inverters have been
developed on the basis of decades
of experience in the industry and
proven technology platform. Unrivalled
expertise from the worlds market and
technology leader in variable speed AC
and DC drives is the hallmark of the
new solar inverter series.
Based on ABBs highly successful

platform of industrial drives - the most
widely used industrial drives on the
market the inverters are the most
efficient and cost-effective way to
convert the direct current generated
by solar modules into high-quality and
CO 2-free alternating current that can be
fed into the power network.
Solar inverters from ABB
ABB central inverters are ideal for
large photovoltaic power plants and
medium sized power plants installed
in commercial or industrial buildings.
High efficiency, proven components,
compact and modular design and a
host of life cycle services ensures ABB
central inverters provide a rapid return
on investment.
18
Highlights
High efficiency and long operating life
Modular and compact product design
Extensive DC and AC side protection
Power factor compensation as
standard
Fast and easy installation
Complete range of industrial-type
data communication options,
including remote monitoring
Life cycle service and support
through ABBs extensive global
service network
ABB central inverters

Maximum energy and feed-in revenues
ABB central inverters have a high
efficiency level. Optimized and accurate
system control and a maximum power
point tracking (MPPT) algorithm ensure
that maximum energy is delivered to the
power network from the solar modules.
For end users this generates the highest
possible revenues from the feed-in
tariffs now common in many countries.
Proven ABB components
The inverters comprise proven ABB
components with a long track record of
performance excellence in demanding
applications and harsh environments.
Equipped with extensive electrical and
mechanical protection, the inverters
are engineered to provide a long and
reliable service life of at least 20 years.
Compact and modular design
The inverters are designed for fast and
easy installation. The industrial design
and modular platform provides a wide
range of options like remote monitoring,
fieldbus connection and integrated DC

cabinets. The inverters are customized
and configured to meet end user needs
and are available with short delivery times.
Effective connectivity
ABBs transformerless central inverter
series enables system integrators to
design the solar power plant using a
combination of different power rating
inverters, which are connected to the
medium voltage grid centrally.
In certain conditions, the ABB central
inverters topology allows a parallel
connection directly to the AC side,
enabling electricity to be fed to the grid
via a single transformer. This avoids the
need for each central inverter to have
its own transformer, thereby saving cost
and space. However, in systems where
the DC side needs to be grounded,
an inverter dedicated winding within a
transformer, or a separate transformer,
must be used always.
Technical data and types

Type designation
PVS800-57-0100kW-A
PVS800-57-0250kW-A
PVS800-57-0500kW-A
100 kW
250 kW
500 kW
Input (DC)
Recommended max input power (PPV)
1)
DC voltage range, mpp (UDC)
120 kWp
300 kWp
600 kW p
450 to 750 V (- 825 V*)
450 to 750 V (- 825 V*)
450 to 750 V (- 825 V*)
Maximum DC voltage (U max (DC))
900 V (1000 V*)
900 V (1000 V*)
900 V (1000 V*)
Maximum DC current (I max (DC))
245 A
600 A
1145 A
Voltage ripple
< 3%
Number of protected DC inputs (parallel)
1 (+/-) / 4
< 3%
2)
2 (+/-) / 8
< 3%
2)
4 (+/-) / 16
2)
Output (AC)
Nominal AC output power (PN (AC))
100 kW
250 kW
500 kW
Nominal AC current (IN (AC))
195 A
485 A
965 A
Nominal output voltage (UN (AC))

Output frequency
3)
4)
Harmonic distortion, current
5)
Power factor compensation (cos)

Distribution network type
6)
300 V
300 V
300 V
50 / 60 Hz
50 / 60 Hz
50 / 60 Hz
< 3%
< 3%
< 3%
Yes
Yes
Yes
TN and IT
TN and IT
TN and IT
98.0%
98.0%
98.0%
97.5%
97.6%
97.6%
< 350 W
< 300 W
< 600 W
Efficiency
Maximum
Euro-eta
7)
7)
Power consumption
Own consumption in operation
Standby operation consumption
< appr. 55 W
< appr. 55 W
< appr. 55 W
230 V, 50 Hz
230 V, 50 Hz
230 V, 50 Hz
Width / Height / Depth, mm (W / H / D)
1030 / 2130 / 644
1830 / 2130 / 644
3030 / 2130 / 644
Weight appr.
550 kg
1100 kg
1800 kg
External auxiliary voltage
8)
Dimensions and weight
1)
2)
3)
4)
Inverter limits the power to a safe level

Optional MCB inputs, 80 A each
Grid voltage (+/- 10%)
Grid frequency (48 to 63 Hz)
5)
6)
7)
8)
At nominal power
300 V output must be IT type
Without auxiliary power consumption at 450 V UDC
115 V, 60 Hz optional
2 ABB solar inverters | Product flyer for PVS800
19
Max 1000 V DC input voltage as an option

with mppt range 450 to 825 V. If DC is >
1000 VDC inverter is not damaged, but will
not start.
ABB central inverter design and grid connection
EMC
filter
Filter
EMC
filter
PVS800 inverter
Control
and
monitor
EMC
filter
Filter
EMC
filter
PVS800 inverter
Control
and
monitor
Type designation
PVS800-57-0100kW-A
PVS800-57-0250kW-A
PVS800-57-0500kW-A
100 kW
250 kW
500 kW
Environmental limits
Degree of protection
IP22 / IP42
Ambient temperature range (nominal ratings)

Maximum ambient temperature
11)
Relative humidity, not condensing

Maximum altitude (above sea level)
12)
10)
9)
IP22 / IP42
-15 C to +40 C
9)
IP22 / IP42
-15 C to +40 C
9)
-15 C to +40 C
+50 C
+50 C
+50 C
15% to 95%
15% to 95%
15% to 95%
2000 m
2000 m
2000 m
Maximum noise level
75 dBA
75 dBA
Cooling air flow
1300 m 3/h
1880 m3/h
3760 m3/h
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
13)
75 dBA
13)
Protection
Ground fault monitoring
Grid monitoring
Anti-islanding
9)
9)
9)
DC reverse polarity
Yes
Yes
Yes
AC and DC short circuit and over current
Yes
Yes
Yes
AC and DC over voltage and temperature
Yes
Yes
Yes
Local user interface
ABB local control panel
Analog inputs / outputs
1/2
1/2
1/2
Digital inputs / relay outputs
3/1
3/1
3/1
User interface and communications
Fieldbus connectivity
Modbus, PROFIBUS, Ethernet
Product compliance
Safety and EMC
CE conformity according to LV and EMC directives
Certifications and approvals

Grid support
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
VDE, CEI, UNE, RD, EDF

Reactive power compensation, Power reduction, Low voltage ride through
9)
Optional
Frosting is not allowed. May need optional cabinet heating.
Power derating after 40 C
Power derating above 1000 m. Above 2000 m special requirements.
At partial power typically < 70 dBA
Product flyer for PVS800 | ABB solar inverters 3
20
ABB central inverter data communication principle
Central inverter
Central inverter
250 kWp solar array
Local PC
Field bus
Medium voltage
transformers
Modbus
Adapter module
Internet
Remote PC
3-phase 20 kV
250 kWp solar array
250 kWp solar array

Central inverter
Accessories
Solar array junction boxes with string
monitoring
Remote monitoring solutions
Warranty extensions possible
Solar inverter care contracts
Central inverter
Options
Increased IP ratings for cabinets
Integrated DC input extension
cabinets
AC output grounding switch
Cabinet heating
I/O extensions
Extended voltage range, 1000 VDC
max.
DC grounding (negativeandpositive)
Fieldbus and Ethernet connections
Support and service

ABB supports its customers with a
dedicated service network in more
than 60 countries and provides a
complete range of life cycle services
from installation and commissioning to
preventative maintenance, spare parts,
repairs and recycling.
For more information contact

your local ABB representative or visit:
www.abb.com/solar
www.abb.com
Copyright 2011 ABB. All rights reserved.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Integrated DC input extension cabinets
Junction box with monitoring
21
3AUA0000057380 REV F EN 21.4.2011 #15642
250 kWp solar array
Protection and safety measurements

A schematic of the protection system
22
The main protections and protective gears are named here.

DC Side Protection
1. Fuses
A. for string protection
B. Fuses for array/inverter input protection
2. Fuse holdersA.
B.
C.
D.
E.
For string protection

Panel mount fuse holder
In-line fuse holders
Array/inverter input protection
Dead front fuse covers
3. Surge protection devices
4. DC switch
A. Load break disconnect switches
B. High power switches
5. Cooling devices
A. Air and liquid cooled solutions
6. Wire management solutions

A. Finger-safe power distribution blocks
B. Finger-safe comb wiring bar
7. Ground-fault protection
23
AC Side Protection
1. Circuit breaker
2. Bar contractor
3. Insulation monitoring device
24
For safety purpose and protection of the modules

and plant equipments , protective gears from
Schneider Electric have been considered for
maximum benefits.
Details of safety measurements and protective
gears provided by Schneider Electric given in
their official website.
25
Solar SCADA system

Data acquisition system for a solar plant is very important because it is important to
monitor the over all system condition including input/output condition, temperature, solar
insolation, weather condition, voltage/current fluctuation, output power condition, surge
effect, load dispatch etc.
So, in this point of view a compact system with well service provider need to be pointed
out.
ABB provides the monitoring facility/SCADA for solar (PV) power plants and the ABB
inverter itself has an in-built SCADA system.
So, for monitoring and controlling of the over all power system of
the plant, ABB SOLAR SCADA system is recommended here.
26
Block diagram & SLD

Block diagram representation of the system with SCADA &
Data Logger facility
27
YIELD ASSESSMENT OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANT

Report number: PV-2037-1209-6
Issued: 23 September 2012 01:12 CET (GMT +0100)
2. PV system info
1. Site info
Site name:
Durgapur
Bardhaman, West Bengal, India
Coordinates:
Elevation a.s.l.:
Slope inclination:
Slope azimuth:
23 32' 37.84" N, 87 22' 44.67" E

69 m
1
61 northeast
Annual global in-plane irradiation: 1942 kWh/m2

Annual air temperature at 2 m: 26.3 C
Installed power:
Type of modules:
Mounting system:
Azimuth/inclinations:
Inverter Euro eff.:
DC / AC losses:
Availability:
1000.0 kWp
crystalline silicon (c-Si)
fixed mounting, free standing 2 angles
180 (south) / 48 (winter), 17 (summer)
97.5%
5.5% / 1.5%
99.0%
Annual average electricity production:

Average performance ratio: 75.8%
1470.7 MWh
Location on the map: http://solargis.info/imaps/#loc=23.543845,87.379074&tl=Google:Satellite&z=14
3. Geographic position
Google Maps 2012 Google
4. Terrain horizon and day length
Left:
Path of the Sun over a year. Terrain horizon (drawn by grey filling) and module horizon (blue filling) may have
shading effect on solar radiation. Black dots show True Solar Time. Blue labels show Local Clock Time.
Right:
Change of the day length and solar zenith angle during a year. The local day length (time when the Sun is above the
horizon) is shorter compared to the astronomical day length, if obstructed by higher terrain horizon.
2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o.
page 1 of 4
Site: Durgapur, India, lat/lon: 23.5438/87.3791

PV system: 1000.0 kWp, crystalline silicon, fixed 2 angles, azim. 180 (south), inclination W 48, S 17
5. Global horizontal irradiation and air temperature - climate reference

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Ghm
Ghd
Dhd
T24
126
139
184
192
190
152
140
140
132
141
127
119
1782
4.05
4.96
5.93
6.42
6.12
5.08
4.51
4.51
4.40
4.56
4.25
3.83
4.88
2.10
2.23
2.56
2.93
3.28
3.17
2.98
2.92
2.66
2.34
2.13
2.04
2.61
18.1
22.1
27.1
31.8
33.7
32.0
29.3
28.4
27.4
25.2
21.8
18.7
26.3
Long-term monthly averages:

Ghm
Ghd
Dhd
T24
Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]

Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]
Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2]
Daily (diurnal) air temperature [C]
6. Global in-plane irradiation

Fixed surface, azimuth 180 (south), inclination. winter 48, summer 17
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Gim
Gid
Did
Rid
Shloss
166
168
189
196
185
146
135
139
137
157
163
161
1942
5.35
5.99
6.09
6.54
5.96
4.87
4.35
4.48
4.57
5.06
5.44
5.18
5.32
2.33
2.39
2.51
2.98
3.23
3.08
2.90
2.89
2.71
2.35
2.32
2.28
2.67
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.05
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

Gim
Gid
Did
Rid
Monthly sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]

Daily sum of global irradiation [kWh/m2]
Daily sum of diffuse irradiation [kWh/m2]
Daily sum of reflected irradiation [kWh/m2]
Shloss
Losses of global irradiation by terrain shading [%]
Average yearly sum of global irradiation for different types of surface:
Horizontal
Optimally inclined (24)
2-axis tracking
Your option
kWh/m2
1782
1905
2256
1941
relative to optimally inclined

93.5%
100.0%
118.4%
101.9%
page 2 of 4

7. PV electricity production in the start-up
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Esm
Esd
Etm
Eshare
PR
131
129
141
142
134
107
101
105
104
120
127
127
1470
4.24
4.61
4.55
4.74
4.32
3.59
3.27
3.39
3.47
3.88
4.24
4.10
4.03
131.3
129.1
141.0
142.1
134.0
107.7
101.5
105.1
104.1
120.3
127.3
127.2
1470.7
8.9
8.8
9.6
9.7
9.1
7.3
6.9
7.1
7.1
8.2
8.7
8.6
100.0
79.2
77.0
74.6
72.5
72.6
73.7
75.2
75.7
76.0
76.7
77.9
79.2
75.8

Esm
Esd
Etm
Monthly sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp]

Daily sum of specific electricity prod. [kWh/kWp]
Monthly sum of total electricity prod. [MWh]
Eshare
PR
Percentual share of monthly electricity prod. [%]

Performance ratio [%]
8. System losses and performance ratio
Energy conversion step
Energy output
Energy loss
Energy loss
[kWh/kWp]
[kWh/kWp]
[%]
Performance ratio
[partial %]
[cumul. %]
1. Global in-plane irradiation (input)
1941
100.0
100.0
2. Global irradiation reduced by terrain shading
1941
0.0
100.0
100.0
3. Global irradiation reduced by reflectivity
1886
-55
-2.8
97.2
97.2
4. Conversion to DC in the modules
1637
-249
-13.2
86.8
84.3
5. Other DC losses
1547
-90
-5.5
94.5
79.7
6. Inverters (DC/AC conversion)
1508
-39
-2.5
97.5
77.7
7. Transformer and AC cabling losses
1486
-22
-1.5
98.5
76.6
8. Reduced availability
1471
-15
-1.0
99.0
75.8
1471
-470
-24.2
75.8
Total system performance
Energy conversion steps and losses:

1. Initial production at Standard Test Conditions (STC) is assumed,
2. Reduction of global in-plane irradiation due to obstruction of terrain horizon and PV modules,
3. Proportion of global irradiation that is reflected by surface of PV modules (typically glass),
4. Losses in PV modules due to conversion of solar radiation to DC electricity; deviation of module efficiency from STC,
5. DC losses: this step assumes integrated effect of mismatch between PV modules, heat losses in interconnections and cables, losses
due to dirt, snow, icing and soiling, and self-shading of PV modules,
6. This step considers euro efficiency to approximate average losses in the inverter,
7. Losses in AC section and transformer (where applicable) depend on the system architecture,
8. Availability parameter assumes losses due to downtime caused by maintenance or failures.
Losses at steps 2 to 4 are numerically modeled by pvPlanner. Losses at steps 5 to 8 are to be assessed by auser. The simulation
models have inherent uncertainties that are not discussed in this report. Read more about simulation methods and related uncertainties
to evaluate possible risks at http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.
page 3 of 4

9. SolarGIS v1.8 - description of the database

SolarGIS is high-resolution climate database operated by GeoModel Solar s.r.o. with geographical extent covering Europe, Africa and
Asia. Primary data layers include solar radiation, air temperature and terrain (elevation, horizon).
Air temperature at 2 m: developed from CFSR data ( NOAA NCEP); years: 1991 - 2009; recalculated to 15-minute values. The data
are spatially enhanced to 1 km resolution to reflect variability induced by high resolution terrain.
Solar radiation: calculated from Meteosat satellite data; years: 1999 - 2011; 30-minute values - global horizontal and direct normal
irradiance.
This estimation assumes year having 365 days. Occasional deviations in calculations may occur as a result of mathematical rounding
and cannot be considered as a defect of algorithms. More information about the applied data and algorithms can be found at:
http://solargis.info/doc/pvplanner/.
10. Service provider

GeoModel Solar s.r.o., Milana Mareka 3, 84107 Bratislava, Slovakia; Registration ID: 45 354 766, VAT Number: SK2022962766;
Registration: Business register, District Court Bratislava I, Section Sro, File 62765/B
11. Mode of use

This report shows solar power estimation in the start-up phase of a PV system. The estimates are accurate enough for small and
medium-size PV systems. For large projects planning and financing, more information may be needed:
1. Statistical distribution and uncertainty of solar radiation
2. Detailed specification of a PV system
3. Interannual variability and P90 uncertainty of PV production
4. Lifetime energy production considering performance degradation of PV components.
More information about full PV yield assessment can be found at: http://solargis.info/doc/pvreports/.
12. Disclaimer and legal information

Considering the nature of climate fluctuations, interannual and long-term changes, as well as the uncertainty of measurements and
calculations, GeoModel Solar s.r.o. cannot take full guarantee of the accuracy of estimates. The maximum possible has been done for
the assessment of climate conditions based on the best available data, software and knowledge. GeoModel Solar s.r.o. shall not be
liable for any direct, incidental, consequential, indirect or punitive damages arising or alleged to have arisen out of use of the provided
report.
This report is copyright to 2012 GeoModel Solar s.r.o., all rights reserved.
SolarGIS is a trade mark of GeoModel Solar s.r.o.
13. Contact information

This report has been generated by Mr. AMRIT MANDAL, KOLKATA, 700023 WEST BENGAL, India
page 4 of 4

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Acknowledgement

1. Aim of the project

5 . Single line diagram & Schematics

3. Combiner + junction boxes

4. Protective gears arrangment

5. SCADA & Data logger system

8. Total project cost

For German Tech.

For China Tech

4. Total maintenance cost

Income from the 1 MW solar PV plant

Income from plant

2. Yearly units generated

3. Govt. pays per unit

(i.e. state electricity boards power

(according to WBREDA 2011-12)

4. Total income over the year

5.30 cr for German PV technology

4.02 cr for China PV technology

Va r ia t ion of m a r k e t pr ice in de x sola r PV m odu le s:

Trend since 201207

Trend since 201201

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.59

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/-Si

Trend since 201206

Trend since 201201

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.60

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/-Si

Pr ice t r e nds Jun e 2 0 1 2

Trend since 201205

Trend since 201201

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.60

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/-Si

Trend since 201204

Trend since 201201

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.61

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/-Si

Pr ice t r e nds Apr il 2 0 1 2

Trend since 201203

Trend since 201201

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.61

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/-Si

Trend since 201202

Trend since 201201

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.61

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/-Si

Pr ice t r e nds Febr ua r y 2 0 1 2

Trend since 201201

Trend since 201101

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.63

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/-Si

Trend since 201112

Trend since 201101

Thin film CdS/CdTe 0.68

Thin film a-Si

Thin film a-Si/-Si