Resistors:

V = IR
p = V x I = I2 R
When I is constant
When I is not constant
Capacitor :
Capcitor is capable for storing charge.
The charge stored in the capacitor is proportional to
the voltage appiled
For Linear Capacitor
q = c V
For Non - linear capacitor
q directly proportional to V2
The linearity is based on charge and voltage
If the charge in a capacitor varies then i = dq = C dv
--dt
dt
p = C V dv
--dt
Energy stored in a capacitor E = 1
-- cv2
2
*In a capacitor Energy is stored in Elctric field.
Inductor :
* If current passes through a coil a magnetic flux is generated
around the coil.
flux is proportional to current.
* Iron core is non linear
Flux current relation is not constant
* Energy stored is magenitc filed.
E = 1
-- L i2
2
* Inductors and Capacitors are called Dynamic Elements

* Energy stored can`t store instantneouly

for capacitor:
v(0-) = v (0+)
for inductor :
i(0-) = i (0+)
* R, L , C are passive elements as they can`t generate energy.
Voltage sources:
* A voltage source is a generator which maintains its terminal
voltage constant irresective of load.
*