Organs and Organ Systems

Outline
I. Skeletal System
A. 5 Purposes
Provides framework
Movement
Protection
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation
B. Major Bones: cranium,
humerus, femur, radius, ulna,
tibia, fibula, sternum, clavicle,
pelvis
C. Joints: Ball and Socket,
hinge, (saddle, gliding, pivot)
D. Ligaments: Connective
tissue that connects bones to
other bones.
II. Muscular System

A. Purpose: Movement of
body. Muscle cells have
ability to contract.
B. Tendons: Flexible
connective tissue that
attaches muscle to skeleton.
C. Types:
1. Skeletal: Only type
you control, responsible
for moving the body
2. Smooth: Involuntary
cant control, found in
digestive system,
bladder, blood vessels,
etc.
3. Cardiac: Involuntary,
found in heart to pump
blood.
D. Major muscles: biceps,
triceps, hamstring,
quadriceps, pectoralis major,

deltoid, gastrocnemius,
abdominals, trapezius,
latisimus dorsi

III. Cardiovascular System

A. Purpose: Carries nutrients,
oxygen, hormones and
wastes through body. Also
distributes heat to maintain
homeostasis
B. Parts: left ventricle, left
atria, right ventricle, right
atria, aorta
Heart:

 Blood Vessels: Arteries,

capillaries, and veins.
(60,000 miles worth)
Blood: Plasma, rbc,
wbc, platelets.
IV. Respiratory System
A. Purpose: Gas exchange.
Brings oxygen in and carries
carbon dioxide out
B. Parts:
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Bronchioles

Alveoli

C. Alveoli provide high

surface area where gasses

are exchanged by the

surrounding capillaries of the
cardiovascular system.

V. Digestive System
A. Purpose: Takes in food,
breaks it into molecules the
body can use, and gets rid of
waste.
B. Parts: Mouth, esophagus,
stomach, small and large
intestine, liver, pancreas, gall
bladder, anus.
C. Microvilli: fingerlike
projections that cover the
lining of small intestine
increasing surface area for
absorption.

VI.Integumentary System: Skin,

hair, & nails.
A. Purpose: Protection from
outside environment,
maintains homeostasis
1. Body temperature
2. Waterproof: keeps
water in to keep you
hydrated.
3. Prevents disease by
keeping bacteria out.
4. Protects from UV
rays.
B. Parts: Epidermis, dermis
VII. Other systems:
A. Nervous System: Senses
and responds to stimuli in the
environment through
electrical and chemical

signals. Brain, spinal cord,

nerves.
B. Excretory: gets rid of
wastes and toxic chemicals
via nephron, kidneys, and
bladder.
C. Immune: Protects the
body against disease.
D. Reproductive: to
reproduce or make more
individuals of the same
species.
E. Endocrine: Glands and
hormones.
VIII. Organs and Technology
A. Transplants
Human tissue and
organs from donors who
have died.
Living donors (kidneys)

 Animal tissue and

organs (more ethical
concerns)
B.

Artificial organs:
Artificial heart

Pace maker

Kidney dialysis

Etc.

IX.Plant Organs and Systems

A. Roots: Anchor a plant and
absorb water and minerals.
Some store food as sugar or
starch.
B. Stems: Hold leaves up to
sunlight. House vascular
tissue (xylem and phloem)

which transport substances

between roots and leaves.
Vascular bundle of
xylem and phloem
Epidermis: outer
surface of stem

C. Leaves: The
photosynthetic organs of
most plants. Food (sugar) is
created here. Gas exchange
also takes place in the leaf.
D. Flowers: Contain ovaries in a
pistol which creates egg cells
and a stamen which produces
sperm cells for reproduction