1.

What prompted passage of the Chinese Exclusion

Act of 1882?
A. an anti-Asian immigration movement
B. a desire to increase Chinese immigration
C. an interests in employing only Chinese workers
D. an effort to assimilate Chinese immigrants
2. In the second half of the 19th century, the U.S.
government allowed more immigrants into the
country MAINLY because
A. more soldiers were needed in the American
military.
B. industries needed an increasing amount of cheap
labor
C. the World War in Europe was causing millions to
flee their homelands
D. western territories needed more settlers to
explore for gold and silver

Today in History

January 14th, 1784:

Continental Congress ratifies 2nd Treaty

of Paris

Factory Work

What made you want to quit working

at the factory?
Why didnt you?
What do you think the breaking
point was for factory workers in
these conditions

Rise of
Labor Unions

Labor Unions
Organizations of
workers formed to
protect members
interests
American
Federation of
Labor
Led by Samuel
Gompers
Wages, hours,
conditions

Union Jargon

Strikes:
Refusal
to work
till
demands
are met
Boycotts:
Refusing
to buy/pay for certain products
to change a policy

Union Jargon (Contd)

Collective
bargaining:
Negotiating
as group, not
an individual
Mediation:
Neutral party
helps
negotiate
(Arbitration = binding)
Closed shop: Business can only hire
union members

Employers

hated unions
Forced

employees not to join;

threatened firing

Courts
often
ruled
strikes
illegal

Pullman Strike (1894)

Protests of layoffs
at Pullman Streetcar

Local union goes

on strike
Pullman closes plant
rather than negotiate

Nationwide boycott
of Pullman

No rail traffic west of Chicago

More firings

No mail delivery

President Cleveland sends

troops to end strike

Review
1. Which union was founded by Samuel Gompers in Columbus, Ohio in
1886?
A. American Federation of Labor
B. Industrial Workers of the World
C. Congress of Industrial Organizations
D. International Brotherhood of Teamsters
2. The use of strikes in the early 1900s was
A. A major cause of the Stock Market Crash
B. Declared illegal by the U.S. Supreme Court.
C. An effective method to get employers to address worker grievances.

D. Often met with violence from other labor unions

3. Of what significance was the 1894 Pullman Strike?
A. It bolstered the governments support for labor unions
B. It was an isolated case of worker discontent
C. It showed the ability of management and labor to work cooperatively
D. It is one of several examples of late 19th century industrial unrest

4. The ending of the Pullman Strike is significant because it

A. Demonstrated unions superiority and solidarity
B. Demonstrated the US governments pro-business alliances
C. Showed that the US government was unwilling to get
involved in business matters.
D. Showed that unions and management could work together
for the benefit of each other.
5. In 1894, employees making Pullman railway cars went on
strike after the company cut their wages. President Grover
Cleveland sent in federal troops, ending the strike. The
Pullman Strike is an example of
A. The struggle to control labor unions in the late 16th
century
B. The power of the labor unions over the federal government
C. Federal tolerance of the labor movement
D. Industrial conflict occurring during the late 19th century

Zinn, Chapter 11
1. Why did immigration increase in the late
19th century? What was the response?
2. What is the true story behind the building
of the transcontinental railroad?
3. Why were men like Rockefeller called
robber barons?
4. What was the purpose of Shermans
Antitrust Act?
5. What is socialism and communism? How
do they differ from capitalism?
6. What were the causes and effects of the
Haymarket Affair?
7. What was the populism movement? Was it
successful?