Sintesi dei metodi impiegati per la valutazione d'impatto sanitario a lungo termine dell'inquinamento atmosferico sulla popolazione residente:

indicatore d'impatto, causa di decesso o dell'evento incidente, range di et, soglia minima dell'inquinante in studio, funzione concentrazionerisposta applicata (RR - rischio relativo, IC95% - intervallo di confidenza al 95%) e fonte bibliografica.

Inquinante

Indicatore

Causa

Range d'et

Soglia

Funzione di rischio

Cause naturali
(ICD-IX-CM: 001-629; 677-799)
Malattie cardiovascolari

RR ~ 1.10
(IC95%: 1.05 - 1.15)

(ICD-IX-CM: 390-459)
Mortalit
Malattie respiratorie

PM2.5

>10g/m3

(ICD-IX-CM: 460-519)
Tumore polmoni

NO2

Mortalit

Eventi coronarici
(ICD-IX-CM: 410-414)
Cause naturali
(ICD-IX-CM: 001-629; 677-799)

Forastiere F, Kan H, Cohen A. Updated exposure-response functions available for

estimating mortality impacts, in WHO Regional Office for Europe (2014): WHO Expert
Meeting: Methods and tools for assessing the health risks of air pollution at local,
national and international level. Meeting report, Bonn, Germany, 12-13 May 2014.
Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe.

RR ~ 1.10
(IC95%: 0.98 - 1.24)

>30 anni

(ICD-IX-CM: 162)
Incidenza

Fonte

RR ~ 1.07
(IC95%: 1.04 - 1.09)

>20g/m

RR ~ 1.09
(IC95%: 1.04 - 1.14)

Hamra et al. Outdoor Particulate Matter Exposure and Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review
and Meta-Analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 2014, 122(9):906-11

RR ~ 1.26
(IC95%: 0.97 - 1.60)

Cesaroni et al. Long term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of acute
coronary events: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis in 11 European cohorts
from the ESCAPE Project. British Medical Journal 2014, 348:f7412.

RR ~ 1.055
(IC95%: 1.031 - 1.08)

Forastiere F, Kan H, Cohen A. Updated exposure-response functions available for

estimating mortality impacts, in WHO Regional Office for Europe (2014): WHO Expert
Meeting: Methods and tools for assessing the health risks of air pollution at local,
national and international level. Meeting report, Bonn, Germany, 12-13 May 2014.
Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe.