THE MISHNAH ‘TRANSLATED FROM THE HEBREW WITH INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF EXPLANATORY NOTES By HERBERT DANBY, D.D. Resldentiary Canon of St. George's (Cathedral, Jeruselera| OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS446 FOURTH DIVISION: NEZIKIN ABOTH! (‘THE FATHERS’) 1. 1. Moses received the Law’ from Sinai and committed it to Joshua, and Joshua to the elders,» and the elders to the Prophets;* and the Prophets ‘ommitted i to the men of the Great Synagogue.* ‘They said three things: ‘Be deliberate in judgement, raise up many disciples, and make a fence | around the Law. 2, Simeon the Jot yas of the romnants of the Gest Synagogue used to say: By three things is the world sustained: by the Law, by the [Termpleeervice, and by deeds of loving-kindness. - 4, Antigonus of Soko received [the Law] from Simeon the Just. He used to say: Be not like slaves that minister to the master for the sake of| receiving @ bounty, but be like slaves that minister to the master not forthe sake of receiving a bounty; and let the fear of Heaven be upon you. 4. Jose b. Joczer” of Zeredah and Jose b. Johanan of Jerusalcm received [the Lave] from them, Jose 6, Joezer of Zeredah said: Let thy house be a eeting-house for the Sages and sit amid the dust of their feet and drink in their words with thirst. 5. Jose b. Johanan of Jerusalem said: Let thy house be opened wide and Lettie needy be members of thy household; and tal not much with women- kind. They said this of a man’s own wife: how much more of his fellows wife! Hence the Sages have said: He that talks much with womenkind brings evil upon himself and neglects the study of the Law and at the last will inherit Geheana, 6. Joshua b. Peralyah and Nittai the ArbeliteS received [the Lave] from them:- Joshua b, Perahyah said: Provide thyself with a teacher and thee a fellow{-disciple];? and when thou judgest any man incline the balance in his favour.” 7. Nittai the Arbelite said: Keep thee far from an evil neighbour and consort not with the wicked and fose not belief in retribution. 1 The balk of sis waite “Phe Fates" (scratimes clled Pike Abd “Cheers pt eke Futhers nsdn of mating’ conduet and sayings in pate fe Lay eae dwn ne mares of fo teachrg ofthe who red eten 32 and fp fom the tne of Smears the Tone o abs Judah the Patch he cur ofthe Mion, ‘Fhe ith chapter dite ia foun Eyeeptng the lat our pana the syinge are anay> ‘hows and clasfed in eoupa La, which vatious nuonber, sucht fete seven or fury ato tied are ining dovces te oath change ot no pat of tae Misha Wee Rewbves Include ll cdecn edison of the Mchnah and fa the Tewah Preyer Beak. a Gala he a (Soh eno pw ajo ia dos the hgeialdcongottion of (a) the Pamatezch, the "Weeten Law's (ene Re elders rule of rh ie sad sligion which ithe cote of cénares hed or fo Posts aniciy eualtta ofthe Wren Ey ad ahh, te Oe "ere deed equi al the Weg Law tbe af Ge gs et Reece oon wt ae he est pr, deus Fonte Ween Law und che sy STEGIED nistrtldanpetsebywAlesugat ovary desperate aed Soplag rads bree he Ortent Ween Law, tape Ge Lew wien ahs sof pices leg pny ett o ey wae * SR body f 120 elders, including many prophets, who came up from exile with Bera: che sw ta pop hn Cape i ae an el aang eine cy Sele tiay nee ie tel atte a the bean hapa af MOE Ce Tes 2° Sinead on of Gn, gh Blot 10 8.0 (se See Mt G5) or Seaway Hh Prategedae Gh Bees oh piGiac, ie mi hg the un of Mos Manns), ne etn 2) who corclig ho elinion were preter snk te patent (Fates os Sy) ined ng ann cay aa et ee one Spore irene Brean LE jige ll menn shesaeo putes BOTH, 122 447 8. Judah b. Tabbai and Simeon b. Shetaht received (the Law] from them. Judah b. Tabbai said: Make not thyself like them that would influence the judges: and when the sutore stond before thee let them be ia thine eyes as wicked men, and when they have departed from before thee let them be in thine eyes as innocent, so soon as they have accepted the judgement. 9. Simeon b. Shetah seid: Examine the witnesses diligently and be cautious in thy words lest from them they learn to swear falsely. 10. Shemaiah and Abtalion? received (the Law] from them. Shemaiah seid: Love Ibour and hate mastery and stek not soquinance with the ruling power 11, Abtalion said: Ye Sages, give heed to. your words lest ye incur the penaity of exile and ye be exiled to a place of evil waters, and the disciples that come after you drink [of them] and die, and the name of Heaven be profaned, 12, Hillel and Shammai® received (the Law] from them. Hillel ssid: Be of the disciples of Aaton, Toving peace and pursuing pecee, loving mankind and bringing them nigh to the Lav. 13, He used to say: A namet made great is a name destroyed, and he that increases not decreases, and he that learns not is worthy of deeth, and he that makes worldly use of the crown shall perish 14. He used to say? IF Tam not for myself who is for me? and being for rine own self what am 1? and if not new, when? 15. Shammai said: Make thy [study of the) Law a fixed habit; sey litle and do much, and receive all men'with a cheerful countenance. ‘thyself from doubt, and tithe not overmuch by guesswork € "7, Simeon his son said: All my days have I grown up among the Sages and'T have found naught better for a man than silence; and not the ex- 2 pounding fof the Law] isthe chef thing bc the doing fo it} and he that multiplies words oceasions sin. 18. Rebban Simeon b, Gamalicl said: By three things is the world sustained by truth, by judgement, and by peace, as itis weitten, Execute the judgement of truth and peace? 2. x, Rabbit said: Which is the straight way that @ man should choose? ‘That which ia an honour to him and gets him honour from men. And'be hheedful of a light precept as of a weighty one, for thou knowest not the recompense of reward of each precept; and reckon the loss through [the fulflling of] a precept against its ceward, and the reward [that comes] from ‘transgression against its foss. Consider three things and thou wilt not fall into the hands of transgression: know what is above thee—a seeing eye and ‘hearing ear and all thy deeds writen in a book. 2, Rabban Gamalie? the son of R. Judah the Patriarch said: Excellent is study of the Law together with worldly occupation, for toil in them both puts sin cut of ming. But all study of the Law without (torldy] labour Comes to naught at the last and brings sin in its train. And let all them that labour with the congregation labour with them for the sake of Heaven, for the merit of their fathers supports them and their righteousness endures Se fonc. —_* Ct. "olion the Phare and his dcoieSemes’, Ant X¥. 1. AE BRE. 10 agen! 5 Geandion (or petiby sor) of Hel, 4 Tadsh the [Scfare, complr of the Misha 16, Rabbah Canela sid: Provdethyelf with a texeher and remo" >wa FOURTH DIVISION: NEZIAN for eer, And a for you, [vill God say, T cout you worthy of great r= ‘yard ge though ye fours] had wiough 5: Bevheetul of the rling poner fo they bring no man nigh to them save for their vn neds the seam tobe finds such tne te hee goin but they stand wth «tan nbs tine of sree "Hl used ty any: Do bis wil ae twat thy wl thot he may do thy Willa tite hia wl. Make thy wil of none eect before hs wil athe may nake the wil of cher of nga ele before thy 5: Hil sid: Keep nt slot from the songreption and trast, notin ‘ajeelf un the day of hy deat, sot ge ne thy fel unl tae cote to is place and sey St thing whch canao be understood that ville idertoodin the end and ay tot, Whe Theve eure il study Feschaace tho wilt nee hn ee "He wsed to a" A brs tan dad not sn an an ignorant man! cant be inten the shaman man cant leatm and Se pant man cannot teach, and he that engage svesuch fn ade annatHecbre wise; and where there are no mente to bea man “7. Moreover he saa sll Noting on the facto the wer and he sid unto Beease thou drowaedee they deowned thee and atthe lt ey that drowned thee stall be drowned. He vod to ay: The move fesh the tore worms; the more posers the more cst the more women the thore witcheras; the more pondwomen the me lowes the more fondimen the more thcvings[the more study ofthe Law the nore he the more schooling the more wader the more counsel the more under Standing; the more righeousnean the more pete Itt man has gained a fed mane he has gained somewhat for nie if he ha ined or hes |_Eifword of the Lar he hay gained for hinsclie inthe orl t ome ‘= 8 Rabon Johann b Zale rceve [he Lav] fom Hille nd fom Shamma He wed tony if thou hat wroughe much inthe Lael not merit for tye for wo this end wast thou ceaed, Five usps hd Ribbon Jokanen', Za snd these are they’ Re Bere by Higecanua? and R.Jochvab;Hananiahand R, Jove the Past and R. Seon by Nathaiel*and R Bessa by. Arak? ‘Thus used he to recount ther pre Eliezer b. Hyrcanus is a plastered cistern which loses not a drop; Joshua b. Fananish—fappy ake that bare him Joe the Pret tsa eoly mans Simeon by Nathaniel star of sing Blewsae Ark nan ever dowing spring. Hie ued to say: Fal the Sage of lnael were inthe one scale ot the balance and Eliezer b Hyzeanun nthe other, he would uri them Bi, Abba Sel sid his nate Il the Suge floral were nthe one Szle ofthe balance and wih them lear © Hyrconi, and ear Arak vas athe oe, he woul outweigh them a 9. He aid t them’ Goforth and see which isthe god way t which a tnt should cleave. Ke ever sxd, good eye: Be Josue sd, A good BRIAR SAL inn say te get aze eye wd he Sty: beta 2 Str at th Be we coat SHetemenged (igh ge" fatsj tons he SE hahah, oe 9 ME Bay Clie oto) met nn iy TRG aes Aa ee ie erent a 1 RUSS le 5 Wasnt lm the porlll work Adee) Nathon): Abba Stl said in the name of R.aliba who stdin ho ave FR. Joanna 5 Bakke ADOTH, 2.29.1 49 companion. R, Jose said, A good neighbour. R. Simeoa said, One that sees what will be. R. Eleazar said, A good heart. He(said to them: 1 approve the words of Bleazar b. Atak more than your words, far in his swords are your wores included. ‘He said to them: Go forth and seo which is the evil way which a man should shun. R. Eliezer sai, Aa evil eye R. Joshua said, An evil companion. R. Jose suid, An evil neighbour. R. Simeon said, He that borrows and does not repay. He that borrows from man is as one that borrows from God, for itis written, The wicked Forroweih and payeth not again but the righteous dealeth graciously and ‘giveth! R. Eleszar sai An evil heart, He said to them: Lapprove the words fof Bleazar b. Arak more than your words for in his words are your words included. 10. They [each] sod three things. R, Eliezer said: Let the honour of thy fellow be deat thee a thine own, and be not easy provoked, end repent one day before thy death; and warm thyself before the fire of the Sages, bbut be heedful of their glowing coals lest thou be burned, for their bite is the bite of a jackal and their sting the sting of a scompion and their hiss the hiss of a serpent, and all their words are like coals of fie. 14. R, Joshua said: The evil eye and the evil nature and hatred of man- kind put a man out of the world 12, R, Jose said: Let the property of thy fellow be dear to thee as thine ows and hye forthe tuy of the Lao Che node of not thine by inheritance; and let all eby deeds be done for the sake of ~"r3, R. Simeon said: Be heedtul in the reciting ofthe Shema'* and in the Tefilah;) and when thou peayest make not thy prayer a Sxed form, but [a ples for] mercies* and supplications before God, for ito written, For he it {racious and full of compascion, slow to anger, and plenteous in marcy, and ‘epenteth hiv’ of the e's and be aot wicked in thine own sight. 14, R. Eleazar said: Be alert to study the Law and kaov how to make anewer to an unbeliever;® and know before whom thou toilest and who is, thy taskmaster who? shall pay thee the reward of thy labour. —“s-R. Tarfon! said: The day is short and the task is great and the labourers are idle and the wage 8 abundant and the master of the house is ‘urgent. 6. He wsed to say: Ite not thy pat to nih she tack, yet thou art not, free to desist from it. If thou hast stadied much in the Lave mich reward -will be given thee, and faithful is thy taskmaster who shall pay thee the reward of thy Iebour. And know thet the recompense of the reward of the righteous is for the time to come. 3, Abas b. Mabel! nd: Conder te things and tho wl at fin fe anc angen ow ees teu nt cons od wits how nt ung alee who tho at abou we sot ipreconingWhate tu srecone—fom psd donde how ar govt te ceo das, ou, dd gg and ete som thd at abouts gv Strant snd sclonng eee he Kags Tinguof ng she ly Oe, Sse he PE Toh LAL, go Suen mmm 7 7 © Bote. Hag. 2,450 FOURTH DIVISION: NEZIKIN 2, R. Hanina! the Prefect! of the Priests said: Pray for the peace of the saling power, since but for fear of it men would have swallowed up each other alive. K. Hananiahb, Teradion? said I two sit together and no words of the Law {are spoken} between them, there is the seat of the scornful, as itis writen, Nor sttth in th sat ofthe scornful.* But if ovo sit together and words ofthe Lav [are epoken] between them, the Divine Presencerests ineeween them, 28 iis written, Then they thet feared the Lord spake one teith another: and the Lord hearkened, and heard, and a book of remembrance teas ersten before him, for them that foared the Lerd, and that thought wpom Is name Seripture speaks here of ‘ewo"; whence (do we learn) that if even one sits and occupies himself in the Law, the Holy One, blessed is he, sppoints him a reward? Because it i written, Let hive st alone and hcp ‘lence, because he hath laid tt upon him? 3. R. Simeon? said: If three have eaten at one table and have not spoken over it words ofthe Law, it sas though they hed eaten of the sacrifices of ‘the dead? for itis written, For ail tables ae full of vomit and flshiness swithout God.' But if three have eaten at one table and have spoken over je words of the Law, itis as if they had eaten from the tble of God, for {itis writen, And he said unto me, Ths is the table that i before the Lord. "4. R Hananiah 6, Hakinai®™ said: He thet wakes ia the aight or that vel sioneby th way and ten is ear ovat, inguiyageinsthisown #0 i, R. Nehunya b, Ha-Kanah’? said: He that takes upon himself the yoke of the Law, from him shall be taken away the yoke ofthe kingdom and the $yoke of worldly caro; but he that throw ofthe yoke ofthe Lave, upon hima Shall be laid the yoke of the kingdom and the yoke of worldly care. (6. R. Halafta b. Dosa' of Kefar Hanania said: Tf ten men st together and occupy themselves in the Law, the Divine Presence! reste among them, for itia written, God standeth tn the congregation of Gad.” And whence (do wwe lean ths] even of fve?!® Because it i written, Arad hath founded hs up upon the earth.” And whence even of three? Because it is written, re A itch cmang the judges” And whence even of two? Because ft ‘written, Ther they that feared the Lord spake one with another: and the Lord hearhened, and heard.*© And whence even of one? Because it is writen, £ CE Bday. 24, The coect reading ofthe nme is probobly ‘Banasah’, The two eames sg spgulay confused A, "The chief asituet, or deputy; of the High Priest, Cf. Yor. 7! Sot 72% Beg Meare her law of K, Meir and was kiied in A.3: 135 2 the time ho Shakin Mal 7 Lam. 38 ‘esther of R Judah the Pararen, 4 Pr nab ‘eiaces& raquent designation of Goa 2S ASicipl PR Atoand RcJorhun cn, 70-130 13 Lauer maf ofthe ssand century! daciple of Mice. Sora texts omit". Dos! Tega 1 Bara Tinto ‘congenation’ can be but ten in number is shown in Sag. ete in sorte cenfaren” Some varia of fae tox Prove oe rtement [colt seodered “the congreguion of judges the minimum of "lass topeer with two guteg (Bert) or slain Se rt of the congrvayton of Goat ete halts Scongovation Why apuiaak (group or Sundle) should mene ie ng ain npn bales what egos ee ges ee) BERR Jud’ most be minima fhe. Some ste poe the umber. thee Wek (barat) mut be ade up of thee Sai reais Sat a BOTH, 8.25. 14 4st I cer lac hore Iveco my nama wil cme una ths and el es 7. R. Bleazar b. Judch of Bartotha? eid: Give unto him what is his for thou and what thou hast are his; and itis written in {the Scripture con- cerning] David, Farall things come of thee, and of thine oun have we given thee.? 8. . Jeoobt said: Ifa man was walking by the way and studying and he ceased his study and said, “How fine is this tree? or "How fine is this ploughed fild!” the Scripture reckons it to him as though he was guilty Against his own soul. eg, R. Dovetha 5. Yannai said inthe name of R, Meic: He that forgets fone word of his study, the Scripture reckons it to him as though he was ‘guilty against his own soul, for itis written, Only take heed to thyself, and hoch thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the words which thine eyes saxo Could this be even if his study was too hard for him? Scripture say And lest dhey depart from ty heart al the days of thy life; thas he vanot guilty against hig own soul unless he sits and puts them away from his heart 10. R. Hanina b. Dosa? said: He whose fear of sin comes before his wisdom, his wisdom endures; but he whose wisdom comes before his fear of sin, his wisdom does not endure, He used to say: He whose works exceed his wisdom, his wisdom endures; but he whose wisslom exceeds his works, his wisdom’ does not endure, 11. He used to say: He in whom the spirit of mankind finds pleasure, in him the spirit of God finds pleasure; but he ia whom the spirit of mankind finds no pleasure; in him the spirit of God finds no pleasure. R, Dosa b, Harkinas® said: Morning sleep and midday wine and children’s tall and siting in the meeting-house f the ignorant peopl” put man out ofthe 72, R Bleazar of Modiim'* said: Ifa man profanes the Hallowed Thi and despises the st feasts and" puts his fellow to shame publicly and m: void the covenant? of Abrahem our father, and discloses meanings in the Law!which are not according to the FZzlakah," even though a knowledge of the Law and good works are his, he has no share in the world to come. 13. R. Ishmael” says: Be swift [to do service] to asuperior, and kindly to ‘the Young,” and receive all men cheerfully. 14. R. Akiba’ said: Jesting and levity accustom a man to lewdness. Besson tee” can roan ony one 2 Soma teats em "Sy Judah He was a Contemporary of Aba. He i rain mae sored a ESELSTH Tit Er. Jah ead Le Oho Sa faye ao Sens gettin: ‘came. tei ther 2K. ier b Taco (ec sa. 4), Get halfof the atond seta. Some tuate bere sud Simeon (re,b aha) oe bes Abo Sater hat ofthe secoad eomtury. ""T'Deut. a7 Sea Bar. St. ot. § See Bauy. 8. A conemperarrat Roshun,e.b\go, "9 Heby Anmechatrte 8 CEE Naschoce Pee. 9 ves ane ne of the ae Cochebn roi 4 lc aw conceals the fering. Some tus read the Sabbaths 1 Some exes omit thi use 5 Leto render bowel by arial device, upigeuneaed. CF. 1 Macegbees 2, fhe sete thane whe ignore or Spat the “raion of ia cider", he offence ‘nity Beg "Theta »vcondry we Oete sopedeay nie the Ca 8 Kegntenporry of R. Akiba. He is mentioned some eighty times in the Misa. 5 GeTanenble ered ect ieee sgetomuing the toner dai tity by the gel eaiton served ss the foundation ofthe Wishnah of bir puplt Netra he Boal sesspation of Fe Judah the Patrechs he zum schre neatly 300 tna inthe povtent Misa452 FOURTH DIVISION: NEZIKIN “The tradition isa fence around the Law; Tithes are a fence around riches} vows area fence around abstinence a fence around wisdom i silence 5: He used to say: Beloved ig man for he was created in the image [of Gedls stilt: greater was the love in that fe was made known to him that he wwas created in the image of God, a itis writen, For i the nage of God mmade he man? Beloved are Israel for they were called children of God Skill greater was the love in that i¢ wae made known to them that they were called children of God, itis wiitten, Ye ave the children of the Lord your God ‘Beloved are Taree, for to them was given the precious instrument; sill greater vas the love, in that it was made known to them that to them veas given the precious instrument by which the world was erated, as iti ‘ntten, For give you good doctrine, forsake ye not my Lave. 6. Ail is foreseen, but freadom cf choice is given; and the world is judged by grace, yet all is according to the excess of works [that be good or evil 1 He uoed to say: Allis given against a pledge, and the net is cast over all ving; the shop stands open and the shopkeeper gives credit and the account book lies open and the hand writes and every one that wishes to borroy let him come and borrows but the collectors go their round con- finally every day and exact payment of men with their consent or without their coneent, for they have that on which they ean rely; and the judge- meat is 2 judgement of truth; and alls made ready for the banque, 8. R. Eleszar b. Azarah? said: If there is no stddy of the Lave there is no scemily behavicur, if there is no seemly behaviour there is no stady ofthe Latif here fo widen thers ofa ft Gf ere 20 fear [of God) there is no wisdom, if there is n0 knowledge there is no discernment, if there is no discernment there is no knowledge; if there is ho meal there is no study ofthe Law if there ie no study of the Law there Js'no meal. He used to say: Hle whose wistom is more soundant than his works, to what is he like? ‘To a tree whose branches are abundant But ‘whose roots ere few; and the wind comes and uproots it and overturns it it io written, He shall be the a famerish in the desert and ¢hall not $02 tah good cometh; bus shall inhabit the parched places nthe wildermess® Bur he whose works are more abundant tan ffs wisdom, to what ihe like? ‘Toa tree whose branches are few but whose roots are many; so that even if all the winds in the world come and blow against it ie cannot be stirred fom its place, ss itis written, He shall be asa tee laned By the woater, and that spreadeth out his ros by the river, and shall not fear when heat cometh, ond hs lof shall be greens and shall not be careful in the year of hough, ether shal cease from sieling fait et Blatant” ods [tne ee abou] Bird-oferings and the onset of mensteustion"™—these are essentials” of the Halakath; but the £ Sometertsomittbe following sentence, + Gen. gh. > Deut 14%, ¢ Prov. 2 Vatage Rad got scoring fo wort * Goats second Of man’s de 2 Sea Yad. qe lived ety gota, He was made preset of the Sanh’ at Jabneh when Rabsan Gamolie Tt was termporarily deposed, Hie was one of the four (the ‘thes nace Gamal TT, R:Jostun and Akiba sce MSD. Sats 368, Beub at who ‘mgs Journey to ome os muaiom, of which te parpape eed esl ae unknowe, TEE oe te Sa hs S82 fone peo icing of the second century. The texte frequently spl hima the son of ea’. Asidetalad in the eactte Rentini" Sou de uatate Niddahe CE Rea 2 3s By diea tnd comple! ey mt bescouned the mot posta a of ABOTH, 3. 14-4. 7 453 calculations of the equinoxes and gematria’ ace but the savoury dishes? of wisdom. 4, 1. Ben Zomat said: Who is wise? He that learns from all men, as it is written, From all my teachers have I got understanding. Who is mighty? He that subdues his [evil] nature, as itis written, He that ix slow to anger i etter than the mighty, and he that ruleth his spirit than he that taketh a sity.5 Who is rich? “He that rejoices in his portion, as itis weitten, When ‘thou eatest the labour of thy hands happy shalt thou be, and it shall be well swith thee Happy shalt thow be—in this world; and it shall be coll witht thee—in the world to come. Who.is honoured? He that honours mankind, ast is written, Nor them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise ‘me shall be lightly esteemed? 2, Ben Azzai® said: Run to full the lightest duty even as the weightiest,? | and fe from transgression; for one duty draws another uty in is trai, and one transgression draws another transgeession in is tain; forthe re: vward of a duty [done isa duty [to be done}, and the reward of one trais- session is [another] transgression. 3. He used to eay: Despise no man and deem nothing impossible, for ther isnot a man tut ha ht his hour and ther is nt ating tat has nat its place. + Levitas of Jabneh!” said: Be exceeding lowly of sprit, forthe hope of | smanis but the worm. R. Johenan . Baroke™ cade He that profans the suame of Heaven in secret shall be requited openly in profaning the Name is all one whether it be done unwitengly oF wantonly. 5. R. Tehmacl his son said: He that learns in order to tach is granted the means to learn and to teach; but he thet leapns in order to perform i granted the means to learn and to teach v9 observe"? and to perform. R. Zadok says: Keep not aloo from the congregation, and make not thyself like them that seek to influence the judges. Make’ them not a crown herewith to magnify thyoelf or a spade wherewith to dig. And thus used Hille to say: He that makes wordly use of the crown shall perish, ‘Thus thou mayest learn that he that makes profit out of the words of the Lavr removes his life from the world. 6. R, Jose said: He that honours the Lav is himeelf honoured by mane Winds and he thar dsbonour the Law sll Rimeelf be dihonouted by 7. R. Ishmael his son"? said: He that shuns the office of judge side £ dsonoy nd geome te mt Of See Ela Ha coped ars been Raat ae coe eer ee ip aeccerreay SH ares Pact eer oh Site ater me ia areas SO bo ‘peal Dut abe ot the egsenol ito of the real ee fe a ¢ Rie Som Sgr gums og, Se Soe 2 Motta aiinse sm ere e wetag. ne 3 Hecate om TF Que fom Bea Sr SEER NET ane lnch te ren Bee Et ere 5 BAER Ut ae cri RTM Pacts My see above 28 Bes HSK Sire we, wit pes Sane Se La ae a Sam, 2 ook ‘od sine 'R, Simon’,a“ FOURTH DIVISION: NEU Himself of enmity and theft and false sessing’ and he hat i forward! in giving decision i foolish, wicked, and arrogant. fie used fo ony. Judge ot alone, for none may judge alone save One ‘nd sy not “Reosive ye ty opinion, for fei for them to choose and net for thee : %, KJonsthant said: He that fulfils the Law in poverty shall inthe end full tin weaith; and ne that neglects the Law in vest aball in She end epee tin povery. : eR, Met sath: Engage not overmuch in business but oocupy thyself withthe Law and be lowy in sprit before all men, If thou neglects the Lev many things neglected shall ie agine tee; bu f thou laboures in the Law He has sbundant reward to give thee TUR, Elica b, Jacob? sao: He that performs one precept gets for himself one advoctiey but ie tht comnts Ene trangresion gos for hi self one accuser, Repentance and. good works are ab 2 shield aguas: Fettipuion, Re Johanan the Sandals” ssid: Any assembling together {tis forthe se of Heaven shal she end be established, bt ny Sat bot forthe sake of Heaven shall notin the end be established 12. Ry Hear b, Shammus said: Let the honour of thy disciple be as dur to thoes thine own and” athe honour of shy companion, and the honour of ty companion as the fas of thy teacher, and the fae of thy teachers che ear of Heaven, (0g. R Jocah sad De edu in stad, for an unwitting errr in study {is Zeousted wanton transgression, R. Simeon ead: ‘here are three | Seton crow ofthe Lathe ron of tie phot sn he crown (Uf inghips but the erowa of good name excels them MER. Nehora” suds Wandes afar tor place of the Lavy and ay not that it wll follow aftr thee or that thy companions wl ertablish fea thy potseion; and lean not upon thise own understanding Be Yanai sed. Tes not oor power to expla the wel-oeing of the Wicked or the sorrows ofthe righteous, fe Mattithiah b esesh atid: Be fst in grecting every mans and be atl to lions and be nota head to jackal “16. R, Jacobt# said: This world is like a vestibule before the world to come: prepare thyself in the vestibule thet shou mayest eater Into the Banqueting hal : Sie uae fo say: Rete sone hour of cepentance and good works in this word than the whole Ife of the world fo come; and beter sone hour Of bigs in the world to carne than the whole life ofthis word 1 Sime ie ne he IRS pop tan Josh, vid i ate di Be ce ey exten Sha Pg Rie ot lecwerty elonc teacher (ome 65 tines) in the Mish ‘Like fi. Bleasar he way e aisciple of R Met Wass gy Hida. cA conteoporary of R. Mei. 16 He bales tthe pet Mah and ited a0, 290, Had Fate sesh coin nother of is sang ported in Yor. ps Jaco: Ker, ho feacher of & Judah the Paar sy [othe tented and God sxd"in Gens BOTH, 47. ass +8, R. Simeon b, Eleazar! sui: Appease not thy fellow inthe hour of his anger, and comfort him aot while his dead lies before him, and question Vin got in the hour of his vow, and eve not t sce him inthe hour of 9. Samuel the Younger® said: Reice not mex thine enemy fale, and lu not thane heart be pad then he i overtivoons let the Lard he ead dlsplease Fim, ad he term aay hs erat from him 20, Blisha b. Abuyaht sid He that lens a child, to whats he like”) 4 ‘To ink written on aew paper. He that learns asan old man, what i he | like? To ink wztten on paper that has been blotted out. R. foseb. Judahe of Kefarha-Babl said: He that learn fom the young, to what she like? ‘To one that eats unripe grapes and drinks wine from his wineprees. And he that learns from the aged, to what is he like? ‘To one that eas ripe grapes and drinks old wine. Rabbi said: Look not onthe jar but on whats Init; there may bea new jr thats Full of old wine and a old onc in which 2r-_R Eleazar ha-Kappar” said: Jealousy, lust, and ambition put a mai out of the world. 22, He used 9 92y: They that have been born [ate destined] to die, and they that ace dea [are destined] ro be made alive, and they that live [alter death are destined) to be judged, that men may know and make known and understend that he is God he isthe Maker, he is the Creater, he is the Discerner hes the Judge, he is the Witness, he is the Complainant, and itis he that shall judge, blesed is he, in whose presence i neitie? Beno forgets or reaper of persons nor taking of bebe; forall SEs. And bow that everyting ie tcoeding tothe reckoning, And let not thy evil} nature promise thee that the grave will be thy tefuge: for despite thyself wast thou fashioned, and deapite thyself wast thou born, and despite thyself thu livest, and despite thyself thou diest, and devpite ‘thyself shal thou hereafter give account and reckoning before the Kang of kings of kings, the Holy One, blessed is he 5. 1. By ten Sayings? vas the world created. And! what does the Scripture teach thereby? Could it not have been created by one Saying? But this vvas to reqite the ungodly which destroy the world thet wa created by ten Sayings, and to give goody reward tthe gteous which stan he world that was erected by ten Sayings 2. ‘There were ten generations from Adam to Noah, to show hove great vas his longsuffering, forall the geacratona provoked Aum continually until he brought upon them the waters of tle Flood, ‘There were tet generations from Noah to Abraham, to show how great was his Tonge Suering, forall the generations provoked him continally antl Abraham ‘our father came and received the reward of them all 3., With ten temptations was Abraham our father tempted, and he stood steadfast in them all, to show how grext was the love of Abraham ou father, ‘+ Ten wonders were wrought for our fathers in Egypt and ten at the pEnttbercongsetay. | Rndeftetitenany 2 Bow 2 ‘ried Sled os othe one’ este: yan 2 eee elo and in Se) Pe ee eden esta Gate, Cf. Bay. 8 i Succ ten ane hes Gad etd Se eine456 FOURTH DIVISION: NEZIKIN ‘Ten! plagues did the Holy One, blessed is he, bring upon the jtiane in Bgyot and at the Sea.,.With ten temptations did our fathers tempt the Holy One, blessed is he, in the wilderness 28 itis written, Yet hee they tempted me these ton tines and have not heared to my voice* Ten wonders were wrought for our fathers in the Temple: no woman miscarried through the amell of the flesh ofthe Hallowed ‘Phings; and no flesh of the Hallowed ‘Things ever turned putrid; and no By was seen in shambles; and the High Priest never suffered a pollution on the Day of Atonement: and the sans never quenched the fre of the wood-pie fon the Altar}; and ne wind prevailed over the pillar of emoke; and never was 8 defect found in the Omer or in the ‘Two Loaves* or in the Shewhread; {ed the ppl] tod peed tngter ye owed hemes at se and fever did serpent or scorpion do harm in Jerusalem; and no man said 19 his fellow, The plac too etait form? that T should lodge in Jerusalem, 6, Ten things were crested on the eve of Sabbath bebveea the suns at nightfall: the mouth of the earth,’ the mouth ofthe well the mouth ofthe she-ass,# the ainbow,!* and the manna’? and the rod! and the Shamir * {he letters andthe writing and the Tables [of stone}-* Some say ao: The evil apizite and the sepuichre of Moses! and the ram of Abrabam our father" Some say also: The tongs made with tonge."? or Phere are seven maria of the clod and seven of the wise man, ‘The “vide man does not speak before one that is greater than he in wisdom; and hhe does not brea in upon the words of his fellows and be not hesty in raking answer; he asks what is felevant and makes answer according ‘0 the Halakal* and he speaks on the fist point fist and on the lst point last; and of what he hae beard ao tradition he says, ‘Lhave not heard" and hhe agrees to What ib true, And the opposites ofthese are the marks of the lod 3. Seven kinds of retribution come upon the world for seven classes of transgression. If come give tithe and some do not give tithe, there comes famine from drought: some suffer hunger while some have enough. If fal] sesolved that they would noe give tthe there comes famine from turnult tnd drought. And f they will not set apart Dough-offering™ there comes an Alfconsumming famine. Pestilence comes upon the world becmuse of crimes Eeserving of the death-penalties enjoined inthe Law that are not brought before the court; and because of [the transgressions of the laws of] the Seventh Year produce The sword comes upon the world because of the delaying, of justice and the perverting of justice; and because of them that teach the Lew not according to the Malaka @. Nolsome beasts come upon the world beceuse of false swearing and the profaning of the Name, Esile comes upon the world because of {idolatry and incest and the shedding of blood; and because of [neglect of « Maoy test omit he feoring sentence, | # Neat, 2 CF, Yor 1 1 apprege on eer eae aaah, 7 Fisk 1 SPER omit ‘on tie ove of Sabbah and gt “The moment Meine etn tse di of unin ashe mghfl hie ured in the Sou Sabbath ay. SEE tne 1 ss Gfhich aye water wo the Irate the wilderness. Cf Num, a, eee ee Be i Hr RGEN ERE SS gate ae gt See 305, m9. Beamer betas EBSA 1 Siva te beoblerm, Whe spe the tong wilh hold the Res tangs thar nes a ss Boneh thao Boe dvips keeps tothe point in is question, so tha i earher ott fata niu che lime tthe Haar (pp. 11) tat be 8 expounding PN 3 forage SCE above east mts year’—because of wrongfully withholding the dues? ‘of the poor. slow to peat and swift to lose—this is an evil lot. aa ned do pe ate ara + Det gh, Ch Lev. 26 2 Deut 24" 5 Rie pednings, poeta in Lev, ro 2937 Deak 1 eb Mimekaarels Apps Te Pose at i438 FOURTH DIVISION; Nears worth, but any that isnot for God's sake sll not inthe end be of lasting ‘worth’ Which controversy was for God's sake? Such was the controversy Of Hillel end Sharma. And which was not for Go's sake? Such was the Controversy of Karsh andail his company. 18. He that leads the many to virtue, through him shall no sin befall; boat fe that Ieads the many to tin, 10 him shal be given no means for ‘pean, Mess wat virtuous and ele the any fo yor the vite ofthe many depended on him, asi witten, He executed te justice ofthe Tord and ks judgements eth Tove Jeroboata sinned and he led the any to sn; the ain of the many depended on him, ast watien, For es Of Jeroboam which he tinned and eaeretth he ade Lae ik? 5, He in whom are thee three things i ofthe disepies of Abraham our her; but fhe in whom ae] three other thing is ofthe disciples of Balaam the wicked. "A good eye and s humble pint and a lowly soul—(they it stom sre thee] are ofthe disciples of Abtahamn our fathet. An eal fe, @ haughey spirit, and « proud soul-[they in whom are these] are of the disciples of Bulssm the wicked. How do the distiples of Abraham our father differ ftom the disciples of Balan the wicked? The diseples of ‘Abraham our father enjoy this world andé inherit the world to come, s8 ieiswelten, That I may cane tho that love me tinier ubstanee and that T may fil ter sarees "The dieiples of Balonn the wicked inert Gthenta and go down to the pit of devirucion, as ti writen, But thn, 0 God vhalt bring them down into the pit of extraction; Becdthiraty and esta men shal nate ot half thet days 30. Judah b, ‘Tema’ said: Be sirong a the leopard and swift as the cage, fleet asthe gutlle and brave as the lon to do the wil of thy father whch isin heaven. He used to say: The shameless are for Gelenna end the shamefest forthe garden of Een. May it be thy wil, O Lovd our God and the God of our father, that the Tempe be built speedily in ous dayo, and grant us our portion in thy Lavr ith them that do thy will! 20: He used to say? At five years old [one is fi forthe Seriptuce, at ten years forthe Mishnal a thirteen for [the falling of the command- ment a fee forth, Tad a eitoen for the bride-chamber a {renty for pursuing (calling), a ity for authority, at forty for dncecas ment, at fity for counsel, at sinty for to be an eet, at seventy for grey hairs at eighty for special strength at ninety for bowed bac anata han gic mat one that ha fledy] ded and posed sy and cused rom the world. 23. Ben Beg-Bag said**: Turn i and turn it again for everything isin its snd cootemplate it and grow grey and old overt and stir not from it for ‘han fethou cant have no better rule 25. Ben He-He said: According to the sufeting eo isthe reward. 6, Konan Tonas [These things] have the Seges tught in the language fhe Mishnah, Besed ise tat rede eben of thom snd has Mah + Nun. Somer oit'aigcomsay', + Degg 2 1 Kiapes 4} Eta trond tats: "Some et eh them ht 26 3 Sincere Seth sr Faeph, 1 Bp tone anata eat oe ng 1 seg they come to four scare yeaa! 5 Liie'Bea HF he sd fp hate Seen 4 proves saa decile pull work Atoth 2%. Nevhay oth tere saringe ae stelbuted tof TENE nection ofthe awe. This chapter Coxaetions fom ef Hillel, a the ABOTH, 8. 17-8. 4 459 +. Rabbi Meic said: He that occupies himself in the study of the Lev for its own sake merits many things, and, sill more, he i deserviag of the whole ‘world. He ie called friend, beloved [of God], lover of God, lover of mankind; dnd it clothes him with ‘humility and reverence and fits him to become Highteous, ssindly, upright, and faithful; and it Keeps him far from sin ad brings him near to vietuo, and from him men enjoy counsel and sound knowledge, understanding and might, for itis written, Counsel is mine and Sound hrooledge, I ain understanding, I have might.) And it gives him king thip and dominion and discernment in judgement; to him ate revealed the secrets of the Law, and he is made like to a never-faling epring and like to river shat flows ever more mightily; and he becomes modest, longsuffering, and forgiving of insult; and it magnifies him ond exalts him above ali things 2. R. Joshua b, Levi? said: Every day a mount Horeb, proclaiming and saying, “Woe to mankind for their contempt ff the Lave!” For he that occupies huineelf not in the study. of the Law is called ‘reprobate’ (NaZuP), aa it is written, ea golden ring in the snout (Wezem Zahab b'ak) of a sin, so is 2 fatr woman without discretion? “And it fs written, Ard the tables were the work of God, and the waiting was the reriting of God, graven (barath) upon the tabler® Read not haruth but heruth (frees om), for thou findest no freeman excepting him that occupies himself in the study of the Law; and he that oocuples himself in the study of the Law shall be exalted, for it is written, Brom Mattanah to Nehaliel, and from Nahaliel to Bansth> 5. He that learns from his fellow a single chapter or a single Halakat ot 4 dingle verde or a tingle expression of even a single leter, must pay bim honour, for so. we find it with David, king of Israel, who learned only «wo thiogs* from Abitophel, but called him his teacher, his companion, and his familiar friend; for its written, But if eas thox, @ man mine equal, my com parton and my familiar fried? ’And is there not here an inference from the {es to che greater’-—if David king of Ieracl, who lesrned but two things from Ahitophel, called him his teacher, his companion, and his familiar friend, hhow muck more then must he that learns from his fellow a single chapter oF single Halak of a ingle verse ora single expression or even a single letter pay him honour! And ‘honour’ ie naught cise than ‘the Law’, for it is Seritten, The wise shall inhorst honour,® and The porfect shall inherit goods? 4nd ‘good? is naught else than ‘the Lav’, for its Written, For I pive you good doctrine; forsake ye not my Lace ‘4: This is the Way [to get thee knowledge] of the Law. ‘Thou shalt eat reid with sale and Bicw shalt drink water By measure, and on the ground shalt thou sleep and thou shalt five a life of trouble the while thou toilest in the Law. IF thou docst thus, Happy shale thou be and it shall be well with theo; happy thalt thou Bein thie world; and i shall be cell with thee—in the world t0 came. ivine voice goes forth from cata of Bae) in thm ie tat a th oa ed Hees hh ested artical Boer Abettsnce the eleven cenury ae sending on te SSR tee cee eee eincen hess ceili es he eee SEEGE tos ume tere Mtoe mile oe hid ena. pie Seria 1 RS ree pacman nasa: Maca, ts Neb, cog iid ne ea eae TE GPa a ao enter he Hoe of Seay wih chy ines ye sean aah we Bt th neo of Las pomp quay oN Spot bey of esha Sesame ies tre te ae a acy go Sn ee | ij ; i] |460 FOURTH DIVISION: NEZIKIN 5. Seck not greatness for thyself and covet not honour. Practise mare then, shou Tearnest; and erave not after the tables of kings, for thy table ie greater than their table and thy crown than their erown; and faithful is thy taske ‘master who shall pay thee the reward of thy labou 6. Greater ib {learning in] the Law than priesthood or kingship; for kingship is acquired by thirty excellencee and the priesthood by twen four; but [learning in] the Law by forty-eight. And these are they: by stady, by the hearing of the ear, By the ordering of the lips, by the understanding ‘of the heart, by the discernment of the heart, by awe, by reverence, by hhumility, by’ cheerfulness; by attendance on tho Sages, by coneorting ith fellow-students, by close argument with disciples; by ageiduity, by [xnow= ledge of] Seriptare and Mishnah; by tmoderation in business, wordly occt- ppation, pleasure, seep, conversation, and jesting; by longsuffering, by a good heart, by faith in the Sages, by submission to sorrows; [by being} one thet recognizes hic place anc that rejoices in his lot and that malses a fence around his words and that claims no merit for himself; [by being ene that] beloved, that loves God, that loves mankind, that loves well-doing, that loves rectitude, chat loves reproof, chat shuns honour and boasts not of his learning, and delights not in making decisions; that helps hie fellow to bear hhis yoke, and that judges him favourably, and thet establishes fim in the ‘wuth and establishes him in peace; end that occupies himself assiduously in Ihs study; by being one] that asks and males answeer, that heaskens and adds thereto; that learns in order to teach and that learns in order to practise} ‘that makes his teacher wiser, that retells exactly what he hes heard and ‘reports a thing in the name of him that said it. Lo, thou hast learnt that he that tells thing in the name of him that said it brings deliverance unto the world, for itis written, dud Bther told the king thoreof in Mordecals name,* 7. Great is the Law, for gives life to them that practice it both in tbis ‘world and in the world to come, as itis witten, For they are life unto those that find them, ancl health to all their feth,* and it says, Te shall be health t0 ty saved and marrow to thy bones; and it saya, She is tree of life to them that lay hold upon her, and happy is everyone that retaineth her; and ie 429%, For they shalt be a choplet of grace nto thine head, and chains about thy neck; # and it says, She shall give to thine head a chaplet of grace, croton of glory shall she deliver to thes; ® and it says, Ror by me thy days shall be mltilted cond the years of ty life shall be increneed;* and ie sae, Langth of days iin her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honcur; and it says, Por length of days, ‘and sears of life, and peace, hall they add to thee 80°R. Simeon b. Judah in the name of R. Simeon b, Yohai said: Beauty and strength and riches and honour and wisdom and old age and grey hairs and children are comely to the righteous and comely to the world, for iis ‘written, The hoary head is a crown of Beauty, it shall be found tn the way of righteouanens; ® anid it says, The glory of soung men ée their strongth and the beauty of old mon és the hoary head; acid it tays, The crown of the wise is heir richer; * and it says, Childrens children are the cron of old mois and the (glory of childven are their fathers, and it aye, Then the mon dal be cons Sounded ard the sun asharned; for the Lord of hosts shall reign in mount Zion and fn Ferusalem, and before his elders shall be glory. R. Sizneon b. Meneeya "= said: These seven qualities which the Sages have reckoned 2 comely t0 the righteous were all of them fulfilled in Rabbi and in his sons. 9. R. Jose b. Kisma "said: I was once walking by the way and aman met ime and greeted me and I returned his greeting. He said to me, “Rabbi, from. SBith2t. 2 Proweit 3 Prova! 4 Prov. gt Geer RSE ERS deartae "5 See ap. i. A contemporary of abbi, R. Judah the Paarch. 1 conttinporary of Re Hanarsch be even ABOTH, 6. s-HORAYOTH 1. 1 461 what place are thou?" I answered, 'T come from a great city of Sages and. scribes’! He ssid to me, “If thou wilt dwell with us in our place Twill give thee a thousand thousand golden denays and precious stones end pearls T answered, “If thou gavest me all the silver and gold and precious stones and pearls in the world L would not diel eave ina place of the Law’? Ang thus it ip written in the Book of Psalms by David, king of Isracl, The Lazo of thy mouth is better unto me than thousands of gold and silver.’ Moreover et the time of a man’s departure, neither silver nor gold nor precious stones nor pearls go with him, but only (his kmowledge of] the Lav and good work Tor itis written, When thow walkest, it shall load thee; when show slespe shall watch one thee; and when thou dweakest it shal ale woth thee When tow ‘wales it shall lead thee—in this world; when thou aeapest, it shall watch over seein the grave; and when thou amakest, it shall talk with theo-—in the ‘yorid to come. And it cay, The silver i mine, and the gold ts mine, saith the Lord of hosts? 10, Five postescions did the Holy One, blessed is he, take to Himself in hhis world; and these are they: the Law is one possession, and the heaven and ‘earth are one posvession, Abraham is ene possession, Israel's one possession, and the Temple is one possession. Whence (do we learn thie of] the Law? Because itis written, The Lord possessed me in the beginning of Ris cay, before his works of old? Whemce {do we lesen this of] heaven and earth? Because it ie written, The heaven is my throne, and the earth s my footstool; raat manner of house wil ye built unto me and what place shall be my rest?? And it says, © Lord, how manifold are thy eorks! In wisdom hat thou made them all: the arth is ful of thy riches Whence [4a we leern thie of] Abrehamn? Because itis written, And he blessed him, and said, Bleed be Abram of God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth® Whence [do we learn this of] Ierael? Becavse itis written, Till thy people pass over, O Lard, til the people pass over which thox hast gotten. And it says, Unto the saints that ave inthe earthy and the ‘exellent in ohows i all my delight" Whence [do we learn this of] the Temple? Because it is written, ‘The place, O Lord, which thou hast made for thee Yo deel ge sncuay O Lard, ek ty ends have elsed And ‘says, And ae Brought there to the Border of his sanctuary, to ths mowntait, ‘which hi right hand had gotten. 11, Whatsoever the Holy One, blessed is he, created in his world, he created it only for his glory, as itis written, Everything that ig called by my name and that I have created, I have formed it, yoo, T have made its Aad it says, The Lord shell reign for ever and ever * Ri Hananiah b, Akachya * said: "The Holy One, blessed is he, wes minded to grant merit to Israel; therefore hath he multiplied for them the Law sind ‘commandments, as itis written, Te pleased the Lord for his righteousness cake to magnify the Lavo cond make it hovcurabie.? HORAYOTH® (‘DECISIONS’) 1. 1, If the court gave a decision contrary to any of the commandments enjoined in the Law's and some man went and actod at their word [trans- ‘gressing} unwittingly, whether they acted so and he acted ao together with, + But there snot enough wealth there forme to eatn my living’ (Ti. Y 4 Somenhere wer ey ety te La eager PES SS oan Spon gett pee iegh 8 Be e s 3 Tid pueagagh ic four go a the cote the tacate Mabon, | #7 Ta. 44 1 Li Petracdoes” ludical decison, Tetracate s nied on Lor's™%, waity Sond ing to Feaigh tion, deals nity acarons when inal of the fijory of the peop ‘have boon led into traaagression through « wrongful daciion of the Senha, "9° Soch that wanton tnapreson of thems eataied Exton Ger Be, 2,