Encyclopédie C++ en Arabe PDF

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C++
Basic Elements of C++
C++
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1
2
3
4
5
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main ()
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cout<<a;
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main ()
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main ()
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10
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;cout<<a*10
;return0
}
:
7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
:
40 25 30
40 25
30
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int a,b,c
;cin>>a>>b>>c
;cout<<(a+b+c)/3
;return0
}

..
:
31
:
:
#include stdafx.h
10
#include iostream.h
main ()
{
6.3
int a;
float x;
double z;
2001.5
cin>>a>>x>>z; // input all data
cout<<endl;
cout<<\n print the following items;
cout<<endl;
cout<<a<<\n<<x<<\n<<z; // output all data
cout<<\n this is the end<<endl;
return0;
}

:
// input all data
// output all data
..
:
print the following items
10
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2001.5
this is the end

ProgramControl,Conditional&Loop Statements
introduction
C++

:

.
C++
structured

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C++
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true false C++

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true false
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statement1 condition
C++ . if

If (condition) statement1
:
C++ x is positive
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int x=5
)if (x>0
;cout<<x<< Saudi
;return0
}
Saudi ) (x>0
:
Saudi
:
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10
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int x
;cin>>x
;if (x>=0) cout<<x
;else cout<<-x
;return0
}
10 :
10
:
90
) (A 80 ) ( B
70 ) (C 60 )( D
50 ) ( E )(F

85
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int mark
;char grade
;cin>>mark
)if (mark>=90
;'grade='a
else
)if (mark>=80
;'grade='b
else
)if (mark>=70
;'grade='c
else
)if (mark>=60
;'grade='d
else
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;'grade='e
else
;'grade='f
;cout<<grade
;return0
}
mark
grade .
85 :
B

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If (condition)
{
statmenet1;
}
else
{
statmenet1;
}
:
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#include
stdafx.h
0
#include iostream.h
main ()
{
int mark;
char grade;
cin>>mark;
if ( mark>=90){
grade='A';
{
else
if (mark>=80){
grade='B';
{
else
if (mark>=70){
grade='C';
{
else
if (mark>=60){
grade='D';
{
else
if (mark>=50){
grade='E';
}
cout<<grade;
return0;
}
:

/
t1 t2
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int t1,t2
;cin>>t1>>t2
)if (t1>t2
{
;cout<<t1
;cout<<(t1+t2)/2
}
else
{
;cout<<t2
;cout<<t2*2
;cout<<t2/2
}
;return0
}
switch statement
: c++ Switch

Switch (expression)
{
Case constant1: statments1; break;
Case constant2: statments2; break;
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
Case constantn: statmentsn; break;
Default; last statements;
}

constant1

constant2

Switch
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
void main()
{
int s1;
s1=2;
switch (s1)
{
case 2 :cout<<"y";
break;
case 3: cout<<"x";
break;
case 4: cout<<"m";
break;
default: cout<<"w";
}
}
:
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:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)(void main
{
;int a,b
;a=5
;if (a>1) b=10
else
;b=20
;cout<<b
}
b 10 a>1 20
.
:
10
Repetition and Loops

C++
:
For
for .

;For ( initial-value; condition; increment ) statement

For

For

For
For statement1

statement1 .. condition
For
:For
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main

{
;char x
)for (x=1;x<=10;x=x+1
;cout<<Islam
;cout<<endl

;return0
10
}
Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam
10 1 10 Islam
:
10 1
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()
{
int a;
for (a=1;a<=10;++a)
cout<<a<<endl;
return0;
}
:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
:
1 15
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int a
)for (a=1;a<=15;a=a+2
;cout<<a<<endl
;return0
}
2 1
1 15
:
1
3
5
7
9
11
13

For ( initial-value; condition; increment )
{

statement;
}
:
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()
{ int x,y,z;
y=-4;
for(x=1;x>y;x=x-2)
}
z=x;
cout<<x<<endl;
{
return0;
}

Block
:
1
-1
-3
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()

{ int a,b,c,x;
a=6;
b=1;
c=3;
for (x=11;(a*c)>(x*b);x--)
{
x=x+3;

c=c-2;
Block
cout<<x<<*;
}
return0;
}
14*
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()
{ int a,c;
a=1;
c=3;
for (a=c;c;)
{
c--;
cout<<c<<endl;
}
return0;
}

1 C
:
2
1
0
Nested (Multiple) for

Loops
:
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)For (...
)For (...
.
.
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outer
loop

inner
loop
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4
I
12
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int i,j
)for (i=1;i<=3;++i
)for (j=1;j<=4;++j
;cout<<i*j
;return0
}
I
<< cout I 3
12 12 .
:
1234246836912
:

2 20
2

30 3 3-
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int i,j
)for (i=2;i<=20;i+=2
)for (j=30;j>=3;j-=3
;cout<<i<<j<<endl
;return0
}

.
1612 :
203 :
While & Do
while for
C++
:
;While (conditions) statements

conditions
while :
) ( ) (true
) (statements
. while
:
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
;{ int a
;a=1

)while (a<3
;cout<<a++
;return0
}
1

:
12
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()
{ int a;
a=1;
do
{
cout<<*;
a++;
}
while (a<=4)
return0;
}

1
a
4

****
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()
{ int x,y;
x=2;
y=-2;
do
{
cout<<x<<-<<endl;
x--;
y++;
}
else
cout<<finish;
while(x!=y)
return0;
..
}
y x

y x
2--21--1
:
+
*
/

10
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
;{ int a
;cout<<please enter a number
;cin>>a
)while (a>=0
{
;cout<<*<<endl
;cout<< please enter a number
;cin>>a
}

;return0

}
10 :
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10

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While Nested While Loops

While for
:
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
3
;int i=j=1
)while (i<=3
{
)while(j<=4
{

;cout<</n<<i*j
12
;++j
}

;++i
I 1
;j=1
}
j
;return0
j
}
Break
Break

Break
:
:

i=10
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int i
)for (i=1;i<100;++i
{
;cout<<i
;if (i= =10) break
}
;return0
}
10
:
12345678910
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()
{
int number;
for (number=1; number<=100;++ number)
{
if (number%2) // for ood values
break;
else if (number%4)
break;
else if (number%6)
break;
else
cout<< number<<endl;
}
return0;
}
continue
continue
:
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int x,n
do
{
;cin>>x>>n
;if (n<1) continue
;cout<<x
;--n
}
;)while (n<1
;return0
}
:
6 4 2 100 1
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()
{
int number;
for (number=1;number<=100;++number)
{
if (number%2)
continue;
else if (number%4)
continue ;
else if (number%6)
continue;
else
cout<<number<<endl;
}
return0;
}
:
12
24
36
48
60
72
84
96
)(exit
) ( end
) exit(0
) exit(1
operating
. system
:
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;chat ma
;cin>>ma
;)if ( ma != A) exit(1
;cout<<\n<<ma
;return0
}
goto

goto
structured :
goto
.
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;int x
;cin>>x
;if (x<10) goto negative
;negative: cout<<value is under 10<<endl
;return0
}
10
. value is under 10
10
.

Arrays and Matrices
introduction

.... x2,x1- x100

:

...

subscripted variable
] [ subscript
index

): (:
]A[n] ...a[2], a[1], a[0
] [a
address
....
] [ c++

50 .
:


....
) ( one-dimensional Array
) (vector
][a1 a2 ...a3

A1
A2
:
:
:
a3
c++ :
;]Type-specifier array-name[size
double - int
char
][ a
] a[0 ] ... a[1 :
;]Int a[20
a 20 .
:
;]Char name[15
name
.
...
:
) (
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;]int a[20
;int I
)for (I=0;I<20;++I
;a[I]=I+1
;return0
}
a
A[0]=1 I=0
A[1]=2 I=1
a[19]=20 I=19
:
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
main ()
{
int x[5], y[5];
int I;
for (I=0;I<5;++I)
{
x[I]=I;
y[I]=I*I;
cout<<endl<<x[I]<<y[I];
}
return0;
}
:
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
4
9
16
Array
Initialization
][grade
}Int grade[5]={80,90,54,50,95
][name
Char name[4]=nor
][ name
.
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
}int a[6]={40,60,50,70,80,90
;int I
)for(I=0;I<6;I++
;cout<<a[I]<<endl
;return0
}
:
40
60
50
70
80
90
:
5
:
87,67,81,90,55
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
int m,i;
main ()
{
int a[5]={87,67,81,90,55}
int s=0;

for(i=0;i<5;i++)

s=s+m[a];
float avg=s/5;
cout<<avg<<endl;<<s<<endl;
return0;
}
:
87
735
87
735
Addressing
Array Elements in Memory

.
;]Int x[5
x
) (
]X[0
]X[1
]X[2
]X[3
]X[4
100
101
102
103
104

] x[0 100
104 103 102 101

.
Two-Dimensional Arrays

) (index2
:
;]Type-specifier arraey_name [index 1][index 2
:
;]Int x[2][3
int = 2
=3
.
:
5 3:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)( main
{
;]int m[5][3
;int I,j
)for(I=0;I<5;I++
)for(j=0;j>3;j++
;]cin>>m[I][j
;return0
}

] x[0,0 100 :
102-101-100 105-104-103
.

Functions
Introduction
) ( :

c++ .
:
-
.
-
.
- .
- .
- .
c++ :
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
:
:
- .
)
(
.
:
;Type-specified function-name (formal parameters

{
function body
}

)(
.
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
)(max1
{
;cout<<hello
}
)(void main
{
;)( max1
;)(max1
;)(max1(); max1
}
:
hello hello hello hello

main
main
)( max1 )( max1
. main

:
main :
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
;int x,y
)(void max
{
;x=x+y
}
)(void fax
{
;)(max
;)(max
{
)(void main
{
;y=10; x=0
;)(max
;)(fax
;cout<<x<<y
}
:
:
main
fax
max
main
x y
int
main )( max
max x x+y x=0+10
x=10 max
)( fax )( fax max
max :
X=10+10 x=20 fax
)( max max :
X=20+10 x=30
main :
30 10
:
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
void x1()
{
cout<<*;
}
void x2()
{
cout<<\t;
}
void yaya()
{
x1();
x2();
x1();
}
void kiki()
{
cout<<\n:
}
void main()
{
int I;
for(I=0;I<=3;I++)
{
yaya();
kiki();
}
}
:
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
:

#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
;int x
)(check

{
)if ((x%2)==0
;cout<<even<<endl
else
;cout<<ood<<endl

}
)(main
{
;cin>>x
;)( check
9
;return0
}
..9 :
ood
9 .
:

max

1020
#include stdafx.h
#include iostream.h
;int x,y
)(max
{
)if (x>y
;cout<<x<<endl
else
;cout<<y<<endl
}
)(main
{
;cin>>x>>y
;)( max
{
;return0
}
:
20
20 10 .

disk Files
Introduction
Buffered filw
system C++
unbuffered UNIX-like
I/O
binary system C
ANISI-C Committee

text
binary system . ) (version C
.

stdio.h :

)(fopen
)(fclose
)(putc
)(getc
)(fseek
)(fprintf
)(fscanf
)(feof
)(ferror
)(rewind

) ( ) ( char
) ( char
) (
printf
scanf
true
true

-
)( fopen
:
#include stdio.h
)(main

{
f
;FILE *f
;)F=fopen(C:\\matrix.txt,w
;)Fclose (f
w
;return0

}
) (
C

FILE * f
disk ) (
f.

system
matrix.txt \\
C \ w
) fclose (f
.

C ) (

ANSI:

""r
""w
""a
""rb
""wb
""ab
""r+
""w+
""a+
""r+b
""w+b
""a+b
)( fprintf
:
" " welcome to c++
) (1 matrix
#include stdio.h
)(main
{
;FILE *f
;)f=fopen(C:\\matrix.txt,w
;)fprintf (f,welcome to c++
;return 0
}
) (fprintf
-
c welcome to c++ .
)( fclose
)( fopen )( fopen

.
:
#include stdio.h
)(main
{
;FILE *f
;)f=fopen(C:\\matrix.txt,w
;)fprintf (f,welcome to c++
)fclose (f

;return 0
}
)(putw() getw
c++

ANSI
)( getc )( putc
.
:
) ( 1000
: f
;)Putw (1000,f
:
x
: f
;)Putw (x,f
:
: f
#include stdio.h
main()
{
FILE *f;
int x;
x=getw (f);
printf (%d,x);
return 0;
}

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Unary and Binary

Increment and Decrement

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x=1 , z=1 , y=1

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Relational and Logical

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