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1.1.
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1.1.1. .................. 28
1.1.2. ............................. 31
1.1.3. ........................... 33
1.1.4.
.................................................... 34
1.1.5.
.................................................... 3 7
1.1.6. ................................. 43
1.2.
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1.2.2.
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1.4.
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1.4.1. ........................... 61
1.4.2. ........................................ 63
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1.5.1. ............................................... 71
1.5.2. ................................... 7
1.5.3. .................... 80
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1. 7.
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2.3.1.
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2.4. .............................. 131
2.5. ........................................................ 141
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;

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.

,

-
-,
,
- , -
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. 2., (
)
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f( , t). . 2., (
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t);
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: = f( , z, t).

-
0.56). - gradH <' ' z )
H(x,y,z) = cost, "

. , (1.56),
v,
, - ,
.
110
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. ,
.
..
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....
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1
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(
) ,

2.5.
:

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, . ,
= f( , , z, t),
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.
,

(,
) :

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) ,

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z).
2.5.
1 -
2 -
113
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, ,

2.2.
2.4.
2.2.1.

, ,
(
. 1),
- - .

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).
,

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,

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(1.34),
( 1.35),
= const n = const.
,
( )
,
.
-
114
Copyright & A K-C
-
dx,
dy, dz
(. 2.6,)

dt.
~0~-------------
d ' =pvx dy dz dt,

v -
~
pvx
(pv )
2.6.
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, , :
dx
- ; - f! UJimpau.
:::::0::::~:, ~:: r ~:x2l
dx;
1
r ~ ~
(pvx)
d '' = pvx
dx dy dz dt.
dMx=dM/-dMx''=-
(pv )
dxdydzdt. ( 2 .1)
,
:
115
Copyright & A K-C
_
dM--
[ (pvx)
(pvy)
(pvz)]
z
dxdydt. ( 2.2)
, dM
( dM ),

( dM ). ,
, d =pn dx dy dz,
r. ,
(~
dM
dt :
= ~ tn) dx dy dz dt
(2.2)
(2.3),
(2.3)

(pvx)
(pvy)
(pvz)
+ z
(pn) _
-
+ t
(2.4)
. ,

,
dx dy
(. . 2.6,).
( vx)
( vy)
( )
-,
(2.5)
- ;

( ,
,
116
z)
Copyright & A K-C
. ,

( ,

).
(..
)
,
() ;

: = f( , ,
z, t).
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(. 1.6)
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2.2.2.
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, ..
n =,

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(2.4)
vx
)
v ~
< < , .... ,
(2.6)
117
Copyright & A K-C
(1.58), ~
:
(kx )
+ (ky )
+ (kz )
Z
= . (2. 7)
az
(kx
= ky = kz = k = st), (2.7)
V2H =,
2
(2.8)
V2 =-2 + - -2 +-2 - r

.
(2.8),
,
.

,
:
(, ):
V2H = + .
2
2'
(2.9)
1}]
(2.10)

V2 H =!._.~
r
(r ).
r
(2.11)
118
r:
Copyright & A K-C

. ,

: =/( , ,
z).
).
m
, ,
, ,
,
.

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.
2.2.3.
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(1.35). - ,
(vx, vy, vz) -
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~ :
(. V ) - V
-
V
-
+ V lP_ -
(2.12)
..

(1.38),
; ,
0
n,
, (.
1.5).
119
Copyright & A K-C
dM0
=YJaH,
(2.13)
d(p n) =pYJ *,
(2.13)
..
(,n)
=pYft
(2.13)
(2.13,)
(2.12)
(2.4),
vx
vy
vz
+ + z + YJ t - '
(2.14)
/ (kx ~~) + (ky ~) + z (kz ~~) =J*~

(2.15)

VH =~*~,
(2.16)
=-"
YJ
(2.16),
(2.17)
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.. = (, , z, t)
. ,
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<<>>
120
Copyright & A K-C
-
() ,
,
-
k . , =-*
rJ
) . [36] ~ ;
2
2
(L
1): 1, 1. ,
, -
= 10 / , rJ *= 10-4 -
, *= 10 5 21,

1
2
3
0,001 /, rJ*= 10- - *= 1 /.
, ~
v' ~ t. ,
, .
2.2.4.
,

-
- . 2.4) .,
1. 7 ,
,
.
121
Copyright & A K-C
(2. 7)
_ (

ll!._) +_
( .J!_) +_ (
.J!_) -
z
(2.18)
U - ;
- ;
, , z - .
..
(2.18)
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(2.18)
- .

(2.15)
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:
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( j_JJ_)
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z
z z
t
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*
t
~ at = 1 .
. , (2.15)
(2.19)
, (1.78):
" at = 1
Clr] a'f
122
(2.19)
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~ :

L!J
(. 2.4).
,
-
,

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2.3.
2.2.

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).

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vz
z
= ( -
2.5).
,
.
123
Copyright & A K-C
2.3.1.
(2.5)

:
( ) +
( ) = '
(2.20)
= = = const
2
V2H = + =
2
2
(2.20)
(2.21)
(, ,
) (

).
,
(2.15),
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f.l *= 7J ~
- f.l t '
(2.22)
J
(.
1.4).
V2H
*
=2 + 2 =.!
2
*t'
(.
(2.22)
2.17),
124
Copyright & A K-C
=-*
(2.23)
f.l
2.3.2.
n n n
2. 7,
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,

( ),
:
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[23]:
d1 =O,llln,t,
(2.24)
d2 =O,lf,
(
,t
(2.24)
kp ,t = (mlmp) ,t).
=;
; ,
125
Copyright & A K-C
k/ kP
----
--- - -- -- --- -- ---- /--_ --
2. 7.
.......
.:):::
::)::"
"
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:
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'-
(2.25)
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, .. m

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.
126
Copyright & A K-C
,
,
'-
=k - -
(2.26)
- ;
En
(2.5)
- (pmv)
+(pmv)
+
()
t
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n
(2.27)

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(2. 22)
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2 + 2
=
' -
2
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(2.28)
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( ) ,
(.
. 2. 7) ()
, ('
) 25 5 , kJJ = 10- 4
/, = 10 . ,
3
100000 1.
2.3.3.
127
Copyright & A K-C
, (.
2.8)
,
. u
at'

,= - (~~)'
,
(2.29)
,
,
( )
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(2.5)
x(phvx)+ y(phvy)+
n h) _
.
t
-+.(2.30)
. . . ;z;
-.
2.8.
JC n.
n.
128
(2. 20)
Copyright & A K-C
~
(k h ) + __
(k h ) + = 11- *t + 11- ht ,
(2.31)
11- ' 17 *h -
= Zp + h 1cos , ,
,
ah
t =t , 11-
>> 11- *(.
1.4), 11- * (_~~) .

~ J
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= h, (2.31)
(
h)
(
h)
h
kx h + ky h + = /1- t . (2.32)

h (,
, z, t) ,

, ..
(, ,
,
).
;

. ,
k h =
(k h)
);
, ,
(.
2.5.2).
(2.31)
129
Copyright & A K-C
(
)
(
)
, + , + =p,at' (2.33)
= -
(2.22).

-f h ~ ~, hep -
; , = h 2 /2,
u (
-):
__
(k .!!:)
__ (k .!!:)
+
- J!:_ .!!:
+ - hep t (2.33)

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(.
2.5).

(2.34)
=--,
(2.35)
vz +.f =_!
k t'
(2.36)
(2.37)
,

130
Copyright & A K-C
(2.22) .
,
,
;
!l >> fl,
(2.35)
(2.23)
, ~ /,'i (

!l !l
).
(
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1.6) , ..
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2.4.
1.6,
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) . ,
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131
Copyright & A K-C
~
, ,

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<;
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,
.
,
()
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(

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:
(, , z, t) lr == (, , z, )= f (, , z). (2.39)
,
.
(, z) ,
(
,
m, -
mm ).
, m -

..
132
Copyright & A K-C
..
, ,
-- --- ----
. ,
-

. 2.9,

fi
=--=-=t-=- ~~---- =
.............................
. ... ....::r::-._ .._ .._ . .-. _- ..__ __ ___-_
. .
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; ; =
.
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()
:
()
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vn
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; ,
()
= '
(2.40)
. ,
2. 9 ,
( )
133
Copyright & A K-C

. , ,
,
() --
:
= f (, , z, t)
(2.41)
11
( -- ) .
,
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()
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).
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,

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(2.42)
. ( ),

.
, ,
( ).
134
Copyright & A K-C
, ..
H=z.
(2.43)
. 2.10,
( )
.
Qc, ,
=k / =2 km () =2 ()
l
'
(2.44)
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, :
( ) =
Qc
(2.45)

, , .
2.1 ,
(1) (2).
(
),

( ).
vn 1
vn2 ,
, ,
135
Copyright & A K-C
(2.46)
.
..
..
..
..
. . . . . . . . .

"
~~~~~~~~-r~-~-r~~~~-r~~-r~~~~----1
----11--2-rc
........ ..... .. .. .. .
..
"J
...........
;J:
2.10.
() , -

(6)
,
(2.46)
136
Copyright & A K-C
. 2. 11. .

( 1 2
).
. m
,
(.
2.11)-
tg01
k1
tg{}2 = k2.
01 02-
(2.47)
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2.12
3.
4.
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).
.
,
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1 -
(2.41)). ,
(.
, (. 2.13,-) - ,
137
Copyright & A K-C
,
; - ,
(,
..). 1

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.
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~-.
...
...
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2.12.
11 -
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u
(.
(2.40)) ,
,
(.
(2.45));
Qc
[IJ
111 -
, -
:
138
Copyright & A K-C
(~~), =, +fi,

f3
][-----
~---. . ... . .. . . .
~[
-:--
.....
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:2 .
. . . .
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(2.48)
-- - - --~
/}
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111711111
2.1 3.
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,.......
1.
;;;;;;;;;;
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(.
2.3).
(. . 2. 7)
(. 2.14),
(
> kn.
, ,
,

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v =-k
n
()n
. -
--k
n
mn
(2.49)
139
Copyright & A K-C
fl;-
).
-... 7..~~...... .. ..
-
~-
--~ ~=- -~..~~..~.~.~

~-.":R--:..........
..
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~~
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111
kn
(2.48)
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= km n ,{3 = km n
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() .
. ,
(2.26)
(. .
2. 7), = ~'
[!]
-k
f3 = mP. k
IV
(2.46) (2.46)
,
(. 2.2.4)

, -
140
Copyright & A K-C

(.
1. 7).
~,

, , (2.48),
.
,

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(2.43).
,
,
2.5.
(2.43) .
2.5.1.
. 2.15. ,

( ), .. ,
, , .
11
.
141
Copyright & A K-C
ll
1
1
1
1
1
1
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,
:
- ..
I;
IL!IO.Cme,
IL!IO.cme,
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).
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1 1
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142
Copyright & A K-C
1 1 >
1 1 > h .
(2.50)
(2.50)
lxl >vkJkz , lxl >hvk/kz,

kx
kz -
(2.51)
. k/kz
(2.51),
(2. 7))
; :
z~=-
= _~
vkx
_____
= _rr:-;
vky
YE;
,
,
.
:

( ); ,

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(
)
- .
2.5.2.

, -
143
Copyright & A K-C

; ..
[15].
1.
(. 2.16,) - ,
(2.22).
J/Uiilltlifli!
. . .
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1 . 1.
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;;;; 7 7 7 7 7 7 >
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7 7
7 7 7 77
2. 16. .
2. (. 2.16,)
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,
, , , ,
(
144
Copyright & A K-C
11
q =~
.LJ q.1
i=J
11
11
i=J
i=J
=L k..I
=IL 1..
1
1
(2.52)

,
:
(2.53)
. (. .
2.16,),
,
.

. . 2.16,
1 11. 1
(2.54)

1I
1
TJJ= k,. ,.+ k 8 ~
(2.54)
k,. > > k 8 ,
1:1 8
= ~ -
~1 ( ,.)
(2.54) (2.54)
1
, .. k,. ,. >> k 8 ~ > k 8 ~ ,
(2.55)
, ,
,
: ,
11
,
.
,

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,
145
Copyright & A K-C
(
).
4.0
(. . 2.16,);
(2.32),
~
(2.32) =
h /2 (
-r).

(2.38).
5.
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(. . 2.16,). -
(. . 2.16,).
,
(2.52)
dhh
i=I
UXO
q=
L k;lf'tI=I f k (z)dz=-_f k (z)dz,
(2.56)
h, .
drpl
q= dx '
(2.57)
f/J =
f (h- z) k (z) dz.
(2.58)
(2.56)
(2.57)
f/J
z,
()
d f/J
dx
146
[.!!_
j (h- z) k (z) dz] 5/
= !f_j (h- z) k (z) dz =
dh
ux
0
Copyright & A K-C
(2.59)

[ 16 ]:
fx 1 [h(x)] = ~ 1/1
[IJ
(2.60)
h ,
~ J f(z, h) dz = f(h, h) + J ;~ dz.
(2.61)
(2.57)
(2.58),
- (. .
2.16,). ,
.
'
() ,
(2.57)
q
,
d
d
=kmax =(),
(2.62)
1 5
-+
(2.63)
,
:

(2.63)
, -

h.
1 5
147
Copyright & A K-C
,
.
,
1
( 5 ),
. ,
,
: ) (. .
2. 7),
(2.28),
(. . 2.8),
~
(2.31) , t =.
,
- . ,
,
_i_
( ) +__
(
) = ~__.
(~
) +

+ v; . (v; )
(2.64)
(2.20) (2.22)
()
:
1-
-~
1-
(2.65)
(2.64),
(2.65)
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-~.
= 2 + 2
' 2
' 2
(2.66)
' ',
, (', '),
, (2.65),
(, ).
- .
148
Copyright & A K-C
, , ,

, .
[IJ
[IJ
,
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,
~ .

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):
(, ) ~~, t); [ (, ) ~~, t)

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J.
~ ?
?

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l2J
,

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?
.
[!]
149
Copyright & A K-C
?
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<kx> ky> ,

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150
Copyright & A K-C
1
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(. .
4).
.
,

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(, ).
(
)
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151
Copyright & A K-C
.
,
-
,

. 3, . 4,

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(
<< >>

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.

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,
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.
3.1.
()

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.
3.1.1.
()
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. ( 1 ) ,
152
Copyright & A K-C
( 2 ),
. L

, ..
d,
,
, .. = ().
(2.8):
2
d H
--2=0.
(3.1)
dx
(0, L),
() = 2 ;
(3.1)
H(L) =
(3.2)
(3.2)
.
().
:
[J
d (dH)
dx
dx =, dH
dx
= cl' cl -
[I)
Qf
J dH = 1 dx; () =
+ 2 -
dH = 1 dx
= 1
~j;
1 2 :
2 = 1 0 + 2
1 =C 1 L + 2
(3.2)
'
153
Copyright & A K-C
-~-
j)
j_~j j_l~ !_
.l L
- -
-- --- - h,
-
--
- -_-_li, ,---- - - --
, , ,
, /L,
, , , ,
- ---
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,,'
3. 1. () (6) .
6.
cl 2
:
154
Copyright & A K-C
()
Hl -Hz
+ 2 ,
(3.3)
..
1 L;
()/= ( 1 - 2)

(3.3):
q
=k
dH
(J)-
dx
= k . Hl
-Hz
Hl -Hz
= .____.:.
____----=.
(3.4)
.. .
( ).
(3.3) (3.4) .

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=
;; (
),
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2.5.2).
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(3.4),
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1-1. 2-3.
3.1.2.

()
(. .
3.1 ,);
.
(2.32),
.!1_ (k
dx
dh)
+ _kE = 0 .
dx
(3.5)
155
Copyright & A K-C
()
= h2;
h (L)
= h1
(3.6)
[!]
[I]
d 1h dh)
~ dx
= - ._k dx '
dh
h dx = - k + cl
[}]
k dx + cl dx;
h dh = }f
2
+ 1 + 2 21 h L- - k '2

h2
2
2=;
[IJ
=I2+
h12_ h~
2L
h\.x)=-kx~
(h~ L- hi +
L) x+h22 ,
3 .7)
.. ;
[IJ
q(x) =
156
kh dx
dh = k_1_ (h = k (- ~ + h~ - hi + L) =
2 dx
J
2
k
L
k
:&..
Copyright & A K-C
(3.8)
.. ,
= (
).
. ,
?
? .

(. . 2.16,):
h(x) = -;;2 +
q(x) =
(hi -L ~ + 2EL)
+~;
hi L-~ + (L2 -) .
(3. 7)
(3.8)
(3.9)
(3.10)
(3.10)
.
. ?
(3.9)
(3.10)
(3.4)
(3.3)
, (2.38).
.
, , -
157
Copyright & A K-C
h( L/2).
: ,
(3.8)
k?
(3.10)

.
u
(3. 7)
(
, .. ,
). -
, -
.
3.1.3.
h(x) = h 2
(3.10)
h2 =
vx/L =, h =, ..
,
- ,
.

h 2 ; . . 3.2
,
. ,
, (. 2.4),

. ,
( ) . .
3. 2 .

- .
(
-
- . 2.1),
, , (
). , -, -
158
Copyright & A K-C
. ,
?
1
1
~"'~~l"'t----- ----"""1
.
3.2.
1-
2-
,
,
(. 2.5).
,
.
:
(2.43).
3.2
1,
- h8 = ',
,
:
H(z) =z.
(3.11)
,
.
159
Copyright & A K-C
, 0
h (0 ) , ..
(3.9) h
(, ,
(2.50),
).
,
h2
h 2 + h,
, , ),
.
,
.
, ..

[32]:
(3.10)
3.1.4.
(}

, .
3.3,

(3.3) (3.4):
lfJ
lfJ1 - lfJ2
q=
lfJl lfJ 2
(2.63)
+q;2;
(3.12)
lfJ1 - lfJ2
(3.13)
,
(2.58),

lfJ = ~
(h- z;)k; (z; -
i =!
i- ,
160
[0, h]).
Copyright & A K-C
--
.---<f----~
... .......-.:-:~...........
.,..._., _.._,."""""""'. ~_:::.
-.._,...-
.....
- --___-
. "___/
......._...
--:
~-
3.3.
-. -- ...
_..._,. _ __,,
.
.
.
. .........., .
__,.
. ............
.........----+'"' . . . . . . . . .
- --.--
--~
hp
h h 2
(2.58)
q;l q; =f(h);
q (3.13);
q; () = q xj + ({Jz
xj (0< xj < L);
[Ij q;(xj) q; = f (h)
h ()
3.1.5.
=
-
()
(. 3.4) (k
2
0). .
q;/ =j (h -x)k(z)dx=f (h -z)kdz+
161
Copyright & A K-C
+J (h-z) Odz=kh-krrJ;
(3.14)
h2
h2
lfJ/' ~l (h -z)kdz=kh-k'i =k'i.

1
(3.15)
q=
lfJ/(L) -qJ/'(0) k~ - k 1'2- k

L
=
L
hi12
k ('lhl - ) - ;,;;
= -----"------:::-:---....::.
2L
(3.16)
.. -

(3.10)
h 1 -+(2h 1 -).
2
(3.17)
. 3.4. - .

(
1) .
162
(3.2)
Copyright & A K-C
q' =

(3.10)
l-z ;
q"
k (m 2- h 2 )
2
2l
q' = q"

,
l, (3.16).

,

.
:
, .

.
3.1.6.
, .. .
(. 3.5). i-ro
;/).;
qi =
[.
1
!).;- .

:
f).l
!12
!'!.
q = T l - [ - = T 2 - [ - = ... =Tn-[1
2
n

163
Copyright & A K-C
(3.18)
3.5.
q=Tp
, n

n [.
=L_!_
i = 1 ;
(3.19)
, n
,
l ip --.P.zj
1
(3.20)
, ,
.
.
. .
k n '
fi:
164
Copyright & A K-C
k =
L
=
(/k;)
(3.19)
; k;-
.
kP =
L (k; /),
;=
(2.53)
3.1.7.

()

(.
(2.32),
3.6),
..!!.... lkh dH) =

dx ~
dx
(3.21)
'

, .
. . .~
.(2) . . . ~ . .
. . .J:-~-/
...
/ ' ..
:;~\~ ~.
..
}; .-< .. .'\ .
-.
3.6.
------
1 -
2 -

- Jt ,
165
Copyright & A K-C
() = ~1 + z) = l(x) + z) = l(x) + ix,
z6
(3.21)
i = sin .
~ [kh (~~ + 1)] = '
(3.22)
kh (~~ + i) = const = q.
,

, . ,

. h = const
.

q =kh
h0
i '
(3.24)
, ,
(3.21).
h (dhldx)
+ ih = ih0
!l!!!L_i
l-t] -~dx,
166
t]2 =
h~ t]:
t]
Copyright & A K-C
(3.25)

17 ()
, = L 17
hi
= 171 = h'
2
h0 (3.24).
(3.25), ..
, , 17 < 1,
17 > 1, ..
( )
(. 3. 7):
[!]
(. . 3. 7 ,),
(1'J < 1);
(. . 3.7,),
<17 > 1).
(i < 0)

(. . 3.7,).
~
---~-~~t:~
. . - . ....;..
..~-~-~.. -.=
_-.-...........-:"__.-..
~~
.
... -...
'
(h 1 +~) /2
H2)/L:
q =kmep ! =k
1 ..
(h1 -~)( 1
2L
-2 )
--
(3.26)
.: __
.___ _.- ...~.:~ .... :
-_
....
...
---
..
. . 7.
/Ul
167
Copyright & A K-C
3.2.
()
3.2.1.
3.8
Qc
. 3.8. ~

.
.
? , ,
?

, ..
( r).
(2.20), (2.11)
_!!:_ ( dH) =
dr
dr
'
H=H(r).

168
(3.27)
(2.45)
Copyright & A K-C
(R ) =;

dH 1
=
d
r=r
Qc
'
(3.28)
[[] (3.27) :
dH
d =CI;
:
dH = d
dH =
ln
+ 2
[}] :
H0 =C 1 InR+C2 ;
1 =&;
= -~lnR
Qc
2'
1 2 :
()
Qc
=--In-+H0 2
R
(3.29)
(
). ,

Qc
= 2 ln R +'
(3.30)
.. ( )
Qc
Qc
Qc
()
= 2 ln - 2 ln + = 2 ln +
(3.3 1)
169
Copyright & A K-C
,
;
(3.27),
(3.28).
, ,
Sc = 0
2 (0 - )
ln (R/rc)
(3.30)
2S
= ln (R/rc)
'
(3.32)
- - .
.
.
(2.38)
k (hg- h;)
Qc = ln (Rg lrc)
(3.33)
,
. ,

(. 3.1.3).
.
.
.
,
r R?
3.2.2.
Qc
(. 3.9).
170
Copyright & A K-C
(
)

. ,

,
.
,
,

, .
3.9.

(.
2.3),
(2.28),
(3.34)
,
(2.11) ,
~
(r dH)
+(-) =.
r dr
dr
(3.35)
171
Copyright & A K-C
S' = lf' -
d'ls +! dS _ S' =
dr 2 r dr
2
(3.36)
'
..
, .

s(r) =
10
0 -
[ 16 ]:
cl '/ (/)+ ; (/)'
(3.37)

(1 0
, - ).
[[]
<
l0
(x)-+oo
()-+
-+;
112
0 () -+ln ~
-+;
-+ ,
05+{),1
' () .... - ~ ....
00 '
< 0,05+0, 1 .
r-+oo
='
dS 1
dr r=r
= 2r
Qc
(3.38)
.
.
r -+ / (rl) -+ :
-. ,
1
()= ; K0 (rl),
dS _
d [0 (/)] .d('{) _;. d [~(/)]
d -2 d(rl)
-
d(rl)
172
Copyright & A K-C
J ,
< 0,05+0,1,
[ (/)]
d(l)
lr =rc-- (. -
),
r r
Qc
Cz = 2

S(r) =
2 ~~ .(~).
0 ()
(3.39)
(/<
0,05+0,1),
S() =~ ln 1,12
2nT
(3.40)
r, r ?
. (. .
= 10 .. 30 ,
3.9),
,
S "" 152 S - 105 .
. 10 /.
~:
L!J
r ;
;
r
mP- 1 .
,
_.
173
Copyright & A K-C
, ,
, .
3.3.
. ,
,
,
,
() ,
.

__ ( ) + __ ( ) + r =
(3.41)
2.3
: ,
(
).
1 (, ) 2 (, ) - ,
. ,
3 (, )= 1 (, )+ 2 (, )
( ).

.
.
(, ).
(3.41):
174
Copyright & A K-C
( ) + ( )
-
+=.
, ,
(, ), n
n (3.4\):
( ) ( )
+ -- +(.;) =0.
n , n:
_i_ (S) +_l_ (S) =
'
(3.42)
(3.43)
(3.43)
n n n n
l)il n
. n
: n
, n,
n
. n,
n ,
( n , ,
).
,
,
:
,
, ,
. ,

.
.
, ..
175
Copyright & A K-C
(3.41), ,
(3 .3 1).
(3.31)
1
n
(, ) = L Qc1 1n r1 +,
2 1f
(3.44)
- i- ,
;
i=!
="" .
LJ
i =!
-, .
(3.44)

.
. ,
, ,
(3.44)
; ,
(
, .. Qci >). , ,
,
.
(3.39)
(3.45)
,
(~)=2~ [(~) +~(;)J +~'

2 ' : -
2 -z- = 1,
< ... ,
):
176
1-
Copyright & A K-C
(,)=+/;/ [(~) +(;) -(;) - (~1]
l.46>
(3.44), (3.45)
Qci > ,
.
.
:
,
, .
(3.44)
. .
. 3.10, ,
Qc .
,
: = 0 = const.
, ,
(3.44).
(. . 3.10,):

0 2/
.
Qc, (,
, Q
-Qc). ,
(3.44):
(, )= - 2 ;~ (ln -ln ')+ 2
177
Copyright & A K-C
J/
3.10.
" i 1:
i .;
.i .;
1 - mi
2
:
Qc
rc
2 = - 2nT ln 2/ - r
rc << 21,
:
Qc
(, )= + 2 nT ln
2lr
-,:-:rr
(3.47)
, ',
(r = r'), (, )= + 2 ;~ ln; 1 =
= const = 0
( -
).
, :
2nT
Qc
(3.47)
ln (2//rc)
(3.48)
(3.48)
3.10,6).
(. .
178
(0 - )
Copyright & A K-C
' , 0 ,
,
' (.
. 3.10,). ,
,
(
~ 0),
.
.
(3.48) .

- Qe,
:

',
(
). (
)
.
.
?
?
- -

(-)
. , (.
2nT(H0
3.11)
-)

,
(3.32) :
2nT
Qe =
(0 - )
ln (RirJ
'
R m
(3.50)
. -
179
Copyright & A K-C
R =Ra,
R = (R;:- r;:
/ Rg,
t 1
R=2l..

R,
. 3.1 1. ,

(3.50)
, ;
r
r0 ( r0 ,
), (3.50)
. ,

d
d > 2r0

, , r
, ( ,
).
, .
.
- r
(2.45) , - .
180
"'
),
Copyright & A K-C
r
( r
S)
r-rc
= ( r
)
r-rc
- ( r)
r-rc
~ - (r)
!1\
r-rc
r <---; ~ le,
~~ )
r --rc
(, , , -

).
, -

(3.51)
, .
,
, .. = =
,
He-Hc=Sc=Sl +S2+ ... +S;+Sn,
const.
(3.52)
S;
i- .
,
<< ,
. ,
, (3.52) n
, S. (3.44),
u
1

Qci'
,

;
(, ,
(2.32)).
181
Copyright & A K-C
3.4.

()
.
,
:
=!:J.
Q'
(3.53)

( ).
,
(. 1.6):
!:J. /). U,
- /, ,
(3.53) ,
R.

. ,
,
(3.2),
(3.54)
- , ..
,
,

.
(3.32)
(3.54)
182
Copyright & A K-C
Ra
L=-In-.
2 7
(3.55)

,
,
,
,
.
, , (. 3.12)
(
),
l = (. 2.5)
, ..
, ,
l.
,
,
,
. , (3.54),
L
L ,
L (. . 3.12)
L
L ;
> (. 2.5)
,
. ,
(. .
2.14)
L, / kn,
, kn -
. ,
(2.49)
m
183
Copyright & A K-C
(3.56)
3. 12.
~L
,
.
.
( )

1 2 (
, ), f
[34 ]:
1 -
~L- - (2 -xl) -xl'

2
184
Copyright & A K-C
_(/
- - -,--4-
~
1
3. 13.
,
.

(.
3.13).
, ,
Qc.
1 1 ~
1
[/)]
1 [Hz(x)], , , ,
1 () , 2 ()
.
--,
--
--
~ ,2 2
-,-
(3.44),
~
(2)
-,,2 ..
= v
185
Copyright & A K-C
r n () =
1
( = >, ,
rc:
>>
=- 2 ~~ [ln + ln (aJ+ ... + ln(n )1
fi
1 n.
l+
limzfi (1
n-+oo 1
, ,
-+
~\)
nJC
=shz=ez- e-z
2
(3.57)
nx
=----
(3.58)
.: .., .. , ,
. .; ,
186
1971.
Copyright & A K-C
2 (0 ) - 1 fx 0 )
() ( )- .
2 0
' ' = _:. 2 ( ) '

, (3.2), Q' g
Q' =2
R(x
)-
, Qc < Q ', ..
Qc'Xo
2() -> 2.
,
(3.59)
(3.57)
(3.58)
(3.60)
- >..,..
0 -~.
..
>
_,
, >, () = () = () = cost, ..
2
1
, , = = cost -
0
, .
(,) =~ [lny+ln(a-y) +
+ In(a+ )+ ... + In(na- )+ In(na+ )]

_ ?
-21n
Q[1 -
+=
y7'(n )1
+,
187
Copyright & A K-C
r,O
i\ -
\. 'YJ-
-+
+ 'JJrT
Qc
In
..
!!1.) .
sm
(3.61)
/2
(,)d
r,O i\ -
'
\. 'YJ = =
/2
Qc
=+ 'JJrT In r
+
(3.62)
dc-
cff2
[ 16 ]:
cff2
/2
f In sin dy =f In sin z dz =f ln sin z dz

'
Jrr/a
Jrr/a
=(
- 2 In2) = - 2 1n2.
(0, ), ..
, . 3.14.
, - ~
(, ) . U u

(3.63)
, ,
,
(3.4)
Qc =()-
2
188
'
(3.64)
Copyright & A K-C
>
( )
Qc
= + 2:r
(3.57)
(:r
(3.58)
Qc
+ ln :r d = + 2
(3.65)
q
2
Qc
=2
(3.64)
() -
() -
= + ~ ln = ~ + ~ ln ~
:r
:rdc
:r
:rdc
(3.66)
. . 14.
L!J
> ),
Qc
- =!!= "'- 1n -dc;

~'
-~
(3.67)

+ 1:1 ,
189
Copyright & A K-C
D..x = - l n n nd'
(3.68)
, ,
i rn
(.
nT
ndc
(3.54)
!:1=-1n
(3.66)):
(3.69)
,

, .

[34];
..
1951 ., ..
...
!:1
1 1 < .
1:1
!IJI
1:1
).
.
(.
3.15).
:
Qc
q=a;
190
Copyright & A K-C
qp
q =
3.1 5. .. . . . .
QJ
!f (3.62)
, r Q-

. .
3.16 ,
(
). :
(
),
, .
, .
, .
() ,
(
). (. 3.3)
, .
[6
'1Jr [H(r) - 1
Qc = ln (4!)- l (4!)-!() ,
= ( )
(3.70)
;
~ ;
191
Copyright & A K-C
t()
- ,
.
tx
1
(_ 1
L L L.
L.Lf1
~1
1
7
.
3.16.
7/< 7
7 7
7 7
/"';
~:
r
7.>17 l ~
, ~
.
(2.50).
=. (3.32~
( ):
QI =
'1JrT [H(r)- H(r0 )]

lri(rl)
'
(3. 70)
'1JrT[H(r0 ) - ]
Q = Qc = ln (4/)- o1n4- !(5)
2
, Q .. Q.2
1
( ), q (3. 70)
0
192
Copyright & A K-C
21rT IH(r)- 1
Qc =
ln
(/)+; '
(3.71)
~= (i-1) ln~~-it().
= 1 ( ) ~ = , (3.71)
(3.32). , ~
,

.
,
(3.72)

:

(. 2.5)
.

. (

8.2 8.3).
3.5.
3.5.1.
- ,
1. 7.
(. ),
~-) -
193
Copyright & A K-C
=~=~,
~
(3.73)
;
.
. ,
. 78)
(3.74)
. ,
(. 3.17).
,
({> = 0,5).
1 2
CD .
, ,
~<.= (
l = 1,
=
0). ,
,
:
[14, 34].
. ,
(. . 3.17 ,),
(. 3.18,). ,

,
(. 3.18,).
d , , ,
~ .
R ,
194
= R,
=R -
Copyright & A K-C
(, , =
' = k -
; .
1.7).
(3.54)
J! ' .
!}. ...
, .
~-
3.17.
() () -
(. .
3.17).
m -
!!J.L. = ~~ (1 -),
I!J.L, J! (.l.54)
I!J.L= 1 11, !!J..
11
,
, .
195
Copyright & A K-C
1'1
const
'
3.4),
(.

; / } / / 1 1 17171717 J
3.18.
- ,
() -
(6),
1 -
(-
). -
!1L
(3.69) (3.68).

.

,
.
(0,5+ 1 ), (
196
d!.
Copyright & A K-C
(3 .3 2)),
[ 14]
d!
= 'l:: ln d
(3.75)
,
,
Rc = ---- -
, :
1
=
d: (.
dc
(3.72)). ARc
, .
,
,

:
(3.76)
!- ,
.

,
, ,
,
.
.

?
, 3.3.
197
Copyright & A K-C
[34 ]. ,
, ,

.
, ()
. ,
(..
),
, (.
3.3). ,
,
(.
3.3).
, , ,
.

( ,
, , ).
3.5.2.
3.4
, ,
,

1'1 1'1 (. 3.19 ,).
,
(3.54)
198
1'1
= L\y;
(3. 77)
Copyright & A K-C
~ ~
.

=;
(3.77)
. 3.19,.

Rx RY
=R; =R,

(3.78)
- .
tJ'
t.'
.'
-t--
t.
+-
-t-
t-6)(
'
l)'
1 1
~7>
t,
t..
l ~
-~--
1
1
--
~~
--41
-1
. 3.19. ()
()
199
Copyright & A K-C
__ }_
/
1
"'
""' ----.-
kx
ky).
J.C
1>
f--JC-
, '
. 3.20.
-
()
(6)

, ,

[34].
, ,
(.
.-
200
3.20),
(3.32)
Qc
L\x
=--ln'l
'
(3.79)
Copyright & A K-C

,
(
3.4)
; -
Qe
Qe-4T ~ ~, i-=4" (3.80)
, ,
,
:
(3.81)

,
, :
1 ( 1
~ = "12; = 2n ln---,:;- 0 25
(3.82)

, ,
.
q (3.81).
,
, ,

(
(8.2).

. ,

201
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(,
).

,
,. , , :
() :

,
(,
,
( 8.3);
l
' ,
(. 7.2).
, , , ,

? ,

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2l (3.9), (3.10) (3.3)

(3.'<tr

(. (2.38)).
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[I]
.
,
.
sl
~ ?
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3.2
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[IJ
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3.1.1, 3.1.2., 3.1.6, 3.2.1.

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203
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, .
3,
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(): (
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).

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2),
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204
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:.~:..:...:.4_
: . J , , .
,.J'
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..
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4. 1. z
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( ) .
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(2.33),
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-.

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r ( ,
t) H(r, t)
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(
,
).
.
, r (.
r .
2.3)
205
Copyright & A K-C
4.1.
4.1.1.
(
)
,
. 4.2. (
). ,

/ ).
t =
(- ) -
1!1 .
- -
t > .
(2.22),

(4.1)
*-
;
=(, t);
= 0):
(O,t) = () + t1H 0 (t >).
(4.2)
,
,
(,
t) =
-+ .
(4.3)

(.
(,) = ().
206
2.4)
( >)
t = 0:
(4.4)
Copyright & A K-C
1.
1-
4.2.
rw ;
2-
rw
(4.1)- (4.4)
.
, :
(,t) =
H(x,t)- ),
(4.5)
t.
2(11.) = t ( ).
.
-------1 ? ,
(4.6)
(4.1)
(4.6)
AH(O,t) =
; H(rYJ,t) =; (,) =.
(4.6):
207
Copyright & A K-C
(4.6)

!!t.H(O,f) = 1; !).(rxJ,f) =; l!t.H(x,O) =
<4.7>
~, !).
t, L
L : I:!H= f( , t). - (. 1. 7),
~: 11,
, !!!.= f(), -
, .
, -
(.Ax!Va"'f ) n, n -.
, ,

, :

, .
(4.6)- (4. 7l.n
: = /(2 "'t)
(4.6), :
!).: !).(). t
:
(6. ) = OJ.
d (/).) dl
= (JJ.
d (6.11) dt
(2 ..["(?7
) =
dt
=
-7JJ. (6.11) 4t va* t =- 2t dl (!).);
( )
(!).) = 7JJ. (6. ) dx = 7JJ. (!).) dx 2 Va*t, =

1
= 2*
7{!).) =_i_ [_i_(!).)J

2
=-1- d [ d
2v.2fdA di
208
d1 (!).);
=-1_ _i_
2v.2fx
[d (!).)]=
Ldi
(!).)] _i_ =-1_ _{! (!).)
4a*t d2
Copyright & A K-C
(4;6),
d !~)+ 2 (~) =0,
(4.8)
~ .. =
= (!1.);
+2
=0-
d = -2d.
In = -:

~, :
-Jx [~()] =-
:
'1 100
~()
=
-i dz,
z (
).
00 r -+ , ,
(4. 7), !1. -+ 00 =. -
...
~ () = -
00
;
dz.
(4.9)
~
- , .. ... .
(4.7)
209
Copyright & A K-C
D.fh-
00
f -
dz.
vn/2 [16 ]. ,
Vii
=---,
2D.H 0
(4.9)
D.H
00
D.O= Vii {
-l-
dz.
(4.10)
,
.
(.
erfc:
2 00 -lerfc ()= Vii{

dz.
,
1),
(4.11)
erfc(oo) =0, erfc(O) =1.
LI.H
(4.12)
~ LI.H'I?rfc (z v-:' t) .
(4.12)

. , ,

(.
4.3),
, D.H~t)
() ,
,
210
(t 1
::5
::5
t2 )
Copyright & A K-C
!'!.= /),.~erfc (2 ./ t) + I'!.Hf erfc (2V'a (t _ t.))

(4.13)

H"ft)
(. 3.3) :
, t > t 1
t= t 1
,

.
4.3.
tn-J :5 t :5 tn
I'!.H(x,t)
=J,I'!.,"erfc [2 Ja (tx- t, _,)] .
(4.14)
. ,
q (x,t) =- =- (l!t.H)- =
=- I'!.H"/x [eifc (2 v: t)J - q,
qe -
(4.15)
,
.
d ( 2 ) -:l- )
1
i (f )= (f ) = v{
dz 2 'la* t =
11 1111
-rn JJ
3.3.
211
Copyright & A K-C
\iii7t7
-?
'
0
2
q(x,t)= !:J.H - !(4 *
J-q.
\iii7t7
. ,
(4.16),
(
)?
(3.4)
(4.16)
, .. =,

l!H
= v* t.
(4. 17>
(3.4)
(4.17)
,
(4.18)
t),
,
() ,
,
(
L).
,
,
, ;
, (3.53), (t)- t)/

, .
. t)
( -
). , ,
,
~ t). : , - t), ..
212
Copyright & A K-C
Vir
,t =2
!:J.H 20%
!:J.Je
. (4.12) , ,
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~
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(
).
(2.38)
(2.38). ,
,
(4.12) (4.16)
,
(2.35).

,
.

,
100 ,
30
.
.
(4.14)
(
).
,
-
213
Copyright & A K-C
/'1L( 3.4
). r
, r :

(4.14)
1'1
1'1 ,
.
I!!L
1'1L
4.1.2.

rc (. 4.4).
, ..
.
,
(2. 22)
(2.11) ,
( )
r r r =
(4.19)
H(r, t).
H(r,O)
=0 ;
(4.20)
(4.21)

.
214
Copyright & A K-C
4.4. .

'fJ =
4.1.1, -
72
---;j;
4 t
'fJ
(4.19), -
[H:H(rJ)]. t
'f/ (4.19)
(4.22)
.
(4.19).
=
:
: ln =
.
dH 1d 'fJ
=-1 ;rzdrJ.
-ln 'fJ - 'fJ + ln 1 ,

dH
(4.22)
=rrci
-
., drJ.
'fJ .
(4.21)
215
Copyright & A K-C
0 -H(YJ)
-z
= -1 f
_-dz.
YJ
(4.23)
. ,
r ,
Ei ( --rJ) = -
Ei:
-z
_- dz.
YJ z
(4.24)

(.
2).
H(r,t)
=0 -C
Ei (
l4
).
(4.25)
,
1
r .

Q, =2Jtr
~ ~~), =r, =-2Jtr r, ,{:, [Ei (4 :: ,)]},=,, =

=-
'}J(/'rc
1 {ddYJ [ Ei (- YJ)%;] }r = r
-2: r
1
2r )
- -=
(- --rJ
n
4 * t r =r
't
-4
1
-(?_(4
* J
r~/(4 * t)

t,
[- r~l(4 * t)] t
3 2
. , r -10 -10 /
1 . ~
1 %. ,
Qc
c1=-.vr
216
(4.26)
Copyright & A K-C
(4.25)
(r,t) = + ;: ; (- :t) ,
4
(4.27)
, ,
,
Qc.
S( r, )
0 ,
Qc
(
r )
S(r,t) =- 4 Ei - 4* t
Qc
=4
W (J)'
(4.28)
,z
1J = --:---;-:4 '
t
W = -; ( -J) '
[47]. ,

(
,
,- 3.3).
,
,z
1J
= --*- < 0,05+0, 1 '

4
(4.29)
- 1 ( - 1J) (0,56/1]),
ln
=~ln 2,25 * t
4.7l
r2
(4.30)
r 1 r 2 ,
S 1 S2 11 S ,
(4.29),
Qc
'z
11S = - - l n 2.7lT
r1 '
(4.31)
217
Copyright & A K-C
3.2
. , ,
(4.29),
, ..
. ,
,
,
,
(4.28), (4.30)
(4.31)
(. . 5).
,
,
. ,
,
,
.

3.3
.
(. 4.5)
r .
(.
3.3).
Qc
t0 ~ , u : t0

(
-Qc). , ,
(..
> t)
Qc (
r )
S = 41ff - 4* t
218
Qc
+ 41ff
; [ - 4 *(t- to)] (4.32)
Copyright & A K-C
---
4.5.
t' = t - t0
t0 ,
tt'
<0,1'
(4.33)
~:~(-____!!___)=
-.(-~)
4 * t
4 *
1
(4.32)
10
!). S(t') =
S'(t0 )
S(t0
+ t') =
QcT Ei (4
-+-) ,
4
t'
(4.34)
.. ,
(4.33), 1:1 S'

. 1:1 S
,
, t', , -
. ,
, (4.29)
ln (2,25 * tlr ~ -Jn (2,25 * tofr ~ = ln (tlt0 ) = ln (1
t' lt ) = t' lt :
219
Copyright & A K-C
. , ,
, ,
(4.34),
(4.29).
r
(4.34),
,
. , (= )

!iS = Qc l 2,25 * t'

4: n
,2
(4.35)
(
, .) .

'l:n:T Sc
Q-
'l:n:T Sc
---=~
- l ~+ -l
n
[42]
\iii":7"
(4.36)
,
Sc :
(4.37)
t
1t)
(2, 25
S / t) 1Qc = /( t),
( )
(. . 5).
(4.36), ,
(3.32)
R(t)
220
=v
1r
*t
+'=
v * t .
(4.38)
Copyright & A K-C
R( t)
, , ,

(. 4.1.1).
, ,

(. (4.18)),
(. (4.38)) .
,
( - )

(4.38),
R( t) .
4.1.3.
q
. ,

(. 3.3).
q
,
(4.28)
,
(., ,

4.1.2).
3.3.
(
)

(. 3.4).
, ,
( )
. ,
221
Copyright & A K-C
,
, (. 3.4).
,
(3.71)
n, (3.32),
n n (4.36)
:
Q -
1JrT Sc
----;;==;F-~
4
c-InYa t +~
(4.39)
rc
~ , (3. 71).
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,
. (.
(
4.3)
) ,
.
() .

, -
.
,
( ,
) . ,

(,
) ,
,
.
()
[1].
(.
4.6)
n, (
, )
222
Copyright & A K-C
[,
( l, t). , ,
(t).
,
.
, ,

,
(
) (

. 4.6.
L

l = 0).
(4.38)
, , ,
t R( t;> . 4.6).
1
R( t) CD.
(t;>
[0, R( t.) ],

Q(t.) t 1 ,
(3.53), :
.
(4.40)
!1H(t;)-
R( t;).
([ = 0)
,
(.
3.4),
,
(. 3.4)
. (4.38),

223
Copyright & A K-C
t >--.'
(4.41)
t-
, ,

,
(.
4.2.
4.3)
4.1
.
,
.

- ,
, ,
,
.
t,
-,

[ 16] .
F( ;, t) -
; .
L 1 [F(x;,t)]
1 00
=-f
tp
[16]
F(x.t)e-tltPdt=:P(x.),
1,
(4.42)
F( ;, t) ,
( ;>
F -
r,
pyrnx .
224
Copyright & A K-C
tP -

. ,
: F( ;, t)
'F( ;), (
, F' () -
F( ;, t) ).
F'(x;), , ,

F( ;, t).
[16].

L 1:
L/ F1 + F2 ) ... Li F1) + L/ F2 ) = F 1 + F2 -
~ ;
Li
)= (- const)
L 1 {D (F(x;, ()]} ... D{L1 (F(x;, t)]} = DF<x;) ( D r r , r

4l L 1 (F' ( ;, t) ) - ~1 / tp) 'F(x;J - F( ;, t) 1t _ -

~ .
,
(4.42) .
.
(2.22), (2.33) ,
S( , , t),
:
S
7ft= D(S)'

D( S)
(4.43)
S).
(4.43)
- (4.42), -:
225
Copyright & A K-C
L 1 [S(x,y,t)] = tP
00
f S(x,y,t) -tlt dt =,.)?1' (, ). ( .4 )

4 4
L 1
(4.43)
'SitP - S lr == D ('S).
(4.45)
~ , ,
S( , , t)
t _ 0 =,
(4.46)

.
(4.46)

-. ,
~
,
-
() -
'S.
[16].

(. 4.1)
. r (4.19)
1__4_ (rdS)
r dr
dr
--J-s=o.
tP
( 4 .4?)
{[1#)r=rc =-::/;
226
S'
j,-+oo=O.
(4.48)
Copyright & A K-C

( ),
3.2.2.
{?
!()=-
'l
~ [ v'( 1/
tp) ]
:.r::'7j
* '
(V tp ~[ v'1 1 ( tp]
(4.49)
0 1 -
1 ~ < 0,1 1 [ v' 1/('~ tp] =,
= (V)!/:t; (4.49)
J,
S() =~ (v}: 1
(4.50)
S:
{?
2J
s(r,f) =- Ei ( - - . ,

(4.28).
(
) m,
,
:
[22]
s (t) =0,9 (- SI + 136 S2
! 1 S2 S3 -
156
S) ,
<4.51>

, :
tP
= 2,89 t;
1
tP
= 3 tP 1;
2
tP
= 5 tP 1
3
(4.52)
t - .

.
(4.50). (4.51), :
227
Copyright & A K-C
2 TS
(r,t) = 9 [- (1 ' 18 .)+ 5 ,333 0 (2 , 03 .)Qc
- 3,2 (2,63 .)]
. = r/(2
va:"t).
:
(4.46) (
),
S( , , tP)
S( ,
t).

(
) :

. , ,
,
(. . 5),
S .
S,
S( t).
,
-
(4.44),
[23]:
n
f S(t) (- tltp) dt = 0 S(O) + L Ak S(tk) .
k=l
(4.53)
"
.
228
Copyright & A K-C
- tk
xk--
tp
..
0,091
0,335
0,403
0,332
1,128
2,396
, 138
4,167
0,0316
6,487
0,0398
9,428
0,(3)264
13,102
0,(5)836
17,696
0,(6)106
tP
(,
),
- ,
tP , t
tP
t,
(4.53)
S(t). (4,53)
- .
S(t)
t ~ t1> , (4.53)
=f j s(t) -t/rP dt = -tltP ~ Ak s(t1 + tk).
tk = t-
tk/tp.
k=I
(4.53)
t1. tl tp
S(t)
.
, (4.44)
t .
, t .!, ..
/ exp(-t/ t ) .
/, (4.44)
229
Copyright & A K-C
t0
t
~

,
.
(4.54)
tmln -
, tp
(4.55)
,
tmln , 1t
0
S

.
, ,
Q ( t).

t)
Q/
?'\
\.!
=t1 Q)J Qc ( t) -tlt dt .
(4.56)
(4.50)

(4.57)
r<
0,1+0,2
~=-1-l 1,12
t?c 'J n Xr '
(4.57)
(4.58)
S
230
Copyright & A K-C
(4.59)
,
, (4.57) ,
.
5.
,
. ,

, ,
.
.
,
.
. ,

( )
(3.56)
(. .
2.14).
(4.6)
-,
iX~R) __
1 ~R=O
tp
dx2
(4.60)

[ 16 ]
~H=CI (-
v:tJ
+Czexp
(v:tJ .
(4.61)
!). 1-+ 00 =, 2 =. 1
( = ),
(.
(3.56)):
- (~)
= ~ -~
15.L
'
(4.62)
231
Copyright & A K-C
-!!!t. !!!t.
( ) ( )
. ,
!:1, :
!:1 =
!:1
1 + !:1L
Yat;
(- _)
tP
<4.63)
, r
!:1 11 ' ~~;~
7s:R
ln
L ,
,
= ctg .
, ~ , fi
!i.L : = ln (1 + !!!t.Liv t ).
, .
t ,
- ~
. (, )
?:!1
X1f:. =
2
2 - 1
_-:- tP
, !:1

!!!t.L
tP.
4.3.
4.3.1.

- ,
, , .
q
,
.. 40- .
232
Copyright & A K-C
,
, ..
-
;, ;, tk.
( , , t) :
( ;, ; tk)
.
~
,
, . ,
,
L ; ( s
x;S L)
/j. ,
t
tk(Os tks t) /). t,
(;1 tk):
l : : : (;, tk) - (; _
x;,tk
1,
dx
l : : : (;, tk) - (;, tk _
( Xi.fk
tk) ::::: (; + 1, tk) - (;, tk)

dx
'
(4.64)
1) :::::
(;, tk + 1) - (;, tk)

/j. f
/j. (
(4.65)
2
2
x;,tk
:::::
1
1
X;,fk- X[-1tk :::::
dx
[ (x;+1,tk)- (x;,tk)] //).
[ (x;,tk)- (x;-Ptk)] //).
dx
dx
(x;+Ptk) - 2 (x;,tk)
(d )
+ H(x;-Ptk)
(4.66)
233
Copyright & A K-C
: (;, tk) =;~ /~-

i
(Os iS V1!1x
k-
(0 s k s 1!1 tl t). ,
, (4.1) i, k
- :
k
* H i+I
k+k
- 2 i
;-J
(1!1)2
.k-k.-1
= ---=-____,.---=-1
1!1t
(4.67)
.
:
H ;k-
1!1
;-1
+1 1!1
k-1
*Hi
k
- ;
1!1 t
=#
'(4.67)
(.
4. 7 ,).
1,
( i
i-
i + 1 i,
,
( i - 1/2; i+ 1/2),
(i
+ 1/2)
11 2)
. , (4.67) -

4.3.2.
(4.67) ,
,
#*
/'- 1 - H;k
/'. - H;k
* H;k_ :- 1
T;-I
1!1
+ Ti+I
1!1
= #;
1!1 t
1!1 '
(4.676)
234
Copyright & A K-C
. - t:.kJJt
--- -
t =-(k+i)LJ.t
. ~ . . ~- ...., . . ..
. . ~
'"" . :::t: . i . .. .
" ",. . .1 .
...-.:
.....
L -1.
k-f
k-1
k-f
ui.
Ul-t
Ui+J
i+l
i,
L-1
. 4. 7.
:
u,':,Ri.-1 Uf Rt+t ti',

-
;. 1 i+I
. -
i+(i- 1) i+(i+l);

/'- 1
;-I
H;k
(3.54)\ :
/'-
;+1
H;k
=.. (J).
1
H;k_
:- 1
L1
(4.68)
- i + 1/2
i - 112, i (; = 1);
#;* -
235
Copyright & A K-C
""'
J-
j=l
j=
(n
= 2).
(4.68)
k-1
=# * (J) - --- : - - At
1,2 ,
(4.68)
'
, .
4. 7.
, ,
i- , :
k
;-1
1+1
----+
R;-1
R;+I
r.k-1
,-
+ ,
Rt.1
'=
(4.69)
( u
. 4.7). (4.69):
k
j-1
k
i
-=---
Rj-1
k
i+l -
k
i
R;+I
r.k-1
j - uj-
= ----=:---
Rt.1
(4.70)
~-
2:n
i=
"- ~-
=---
Ri
(4.70)
Rt
3.5. 2,
, (4.70) (4.70)
(4.68) (4.68)
, :
At
aRt =-;-,
f.l
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Copyright & A K-C
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Copyright & A K-C
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381
Copyright & A K-C

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, 1953.
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.., .., ..
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1972.
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.., .., ..
. ., ,
1973.
.. . .,
, 1973.
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. ., ,
1972.
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., ., . -
. ., , 1971.
7. .. . ., , 1988.
8. .., . .
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, 1948.
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. .. 1 ., , 1976.
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, .. 1 ., , 1977.
11. ..
. ., , 1976.
12. .., .., ..
. ., ,
1972.
506
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13. .
. ., , 1969.
14. .., ..
. ., , 1970.
15. .. ,
2- . .-., , 1943.
16. ., . . .,
, 1978.
.., .., ..
17.
, .
2.
., ,
1963.
18. ..
. ., , 1975.
19. .., .., ..
. ., , 1988.
20. .. -
. ., , 1974.
.., .., ..
21.

. ., ,
1988.
22. .., ..
. ., , 1974.
.., ..
23.
- . .,
,
1978.
24. .., .. , .,
, 1967.
25.
. .
., - ,
1973.
26. ..
. ., , 1985.
27. - ..
1952.
. ., ,
501
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28. ..
. ., , 1966.
29. . . .,
, 1961.
30. ., ., .
. ., , 1976, . 1.
31.
1981.
. . ., ,
32. .. . .,
, 1956.
33. ..
. ., , 1960.
.. . ., -
, 1979.
34.
.., .., ..
: 2- . .,
, 1975.
35.
36.
..
. ., ,
1959.
37. Bear J. Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media. N. ., 1972.
38. Beavers G.S., Spaow .., Rodenz D.E. Influence of

bead size on the flow characteristics.- Trans. ASME, 1973,
40, N 3, . 655-660
39.Bredehoeft J .D., Papadopulos I.S. Rates of vertical
groundwater movement estimated from the earth's thermal
profile. - Water Resources Res, 1965, vol, 1, N 2, . 325328.
40. Domenico .. Concepts and models in groundwater
hydrology. N.Y., 1972.
41. Freeze R.A.,
York, 1970.
J.A. Groundwater. Ottawa, New
42. Hantush M.S. Hydraulics of Wells. Hydroscience, 1964, vol. 1, . 201-291.

508
Advances in
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43. Jacob
Aquifer. 574-586.
..
On the Flow of Matter in Elastic Artesian

Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 1940, pt. II, .
44. Lofgren B.F. Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater

Withdrawal, Arvin-Maricopaarea.- Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper
437-D, 1975.
45. Louis . Etude des ecoulements d'eau dans les roches
fissures et de leurs influences sur stabllite des massif rocheux.
- Bull. Direction Etudes et Recherches, Ser. , 1968, N 3, .
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46. Stark .. Numerical Solution of the Navier-Stokes
Equations. - The Use of Analog and Digital Computers.
AIHS Pul., 81, v. 2, 1968, . 53-78.
47. Theis Ch. V. The relation between the lowering of the
piezometric surface.- Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 1935,
vol. 16. pt. 2, . 519-524.
48. Walton W. Groundwater resources evaluation. McGrawHill , 1970.
509
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