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-ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺣﺮﻑ Iﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎ ًﲝﺮﻑ ﻛﺒﲑ Capital Letterﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ.
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expenglish.com ٢ Omar AL-Hourani
AL
ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﺑﻄﻼﻥ.
You are heroes. ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺃﺑﻄﺎﻝ.
ﺃﻧﱳ ﺑﻄﻼﺕ.
ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻫﻮ ،ﻫﻲ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ". It
ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﲔ ﲝﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﳘﺎ ،ﻫﻢ ،ﻫﻦ". They
ﳘﺎ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
They play football. ﻫﻢ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
ﻫﻦ ﻳﻠﻌﱭ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ.
ﳘﺎ ﺑﻄﻼﻥ.
They are heroes. ﻫﻢ ﺃﺑﻄﺎﻝ.
ﻫﻦ ﺑﻄﻼﺕ.
ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻛﺎﻑ ﺍﳋﻄﺎﺏ". you
ﻚ.
ﻫﻲ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻌ
ﻚ.
ﻫﻲ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻌ
She prefers to go with you. ﻫﻲ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻌﻜﻤﺎ.
ﻫﻲ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻌﻜﻢ.
ﻫﻲ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻌﻜﻦ.
ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻫﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ". it
I read it. ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺮﺃﻩ.
ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺒﲔ ﲝﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻫﻢ". them
I know them well. ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﺮﻓﻬﻢ ﺟﻴﺪﹰﺍ.
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expenglish.com ٥ Omar AL-Hourani
AL
ضمائر الملكية :Possessive Pronouns
-ﻗﺪ ﻳﻠﺘﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ .ﻭﳌﻨﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﳝﻜـﻦ
ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺎ ،ﺃﻣﺎ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﲢﻞ ﳏـﻞ
ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺎ .ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ:
ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ Possessive Determiners ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ Possessive Pronouns
This is my house. This house is mine.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻲ. ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﱄ.
This is your house. This house is yours.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻚ. ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﻟﻚ.
This is his house. This house is his.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻪ. ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﻟﻪ.
This is her house. This house is hers.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻬﺎ. ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﳍﺎ.
This is its house. This house is its.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻪ "ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ". ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﻟﻪ "ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ".
This is our house. This house is ours.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻨﺎ. ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﻟﻨﺎ.
This is their house. This house is theirs.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻟـﻬﻢ. ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﳍﻢ.
-ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺮ " "ofﻳﺄﰐ ﺿﻤﲑ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ.
I go to the cinema with a friend of mine. ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺪﻳﻖ ﱄ.
I go to the cinema with my friend. ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻲ.
-ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ،ﻳﺼﺎﻍ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ 'sﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ .ﻣﺜﻞ:
This is Carla's house. ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻛﺎﺭﻻ.
-ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ ،ﻳﺼﺎﻍ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ ' ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ ﻣﺼﺎﻏﹰﺎ ﺑـ
-sﺃﻭ .-esﻣﺜﻞ:
This is boys' house. ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ.
-ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻳﺼﺎﻍ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ .-self
ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﳉﻤﻊ
ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ myself ourselves
ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺐ yourself yourselves
ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺋﺐ himself themselves
herself
itself
She hurt herself in the garden. ﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﻘﺔ.
ﻫﻲ ﺟﺮﺣ
He is talking to himself. ﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ.
"ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ"
-ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ،ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﻭﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ.
ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻫﺬﺍ ،ﻫﺬﻩ". This
This is a table. ﻫﺬﻩ ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ.
ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﺫﺍﻙ ،ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﺗﻠﻚ". That
That is my brother. ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻲ.
ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻧﺚ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻫﺬﻩ" ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ. These
These books are yours. ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻟﻚ.
ﻻﺣﻆ
ﻻﺣﻆ
-ﻫﻲ ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ،ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ
ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ.
ﺿﻤﲑ ﺭﻓﻊ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ،ﺍﻟﱵ" ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻓﻘـﻂ who
ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ.
That is the man who told me. ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﱪﱐ.
ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲThe man told me :
ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ "."the man
ﺿﻤﲑ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺮ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ،ﺍﻟﱵ" ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍـﺮﻭﺭ ﰲ ﲨﻠـﺔ whom
ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ.
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔThis is the doctor whom I met him yesterday. .
ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲI met the doctor yesterday :
ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻫﻮ "."the doctor
ﺿﻤﲑ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺮ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ،ﺍﻟﱵ" ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻊ. which
This is the car which I bought. ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺘﻬﺎ.
ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻭﻟﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ ﻭﺍﳉﺮ ،ﻭﳝﻜﻦ that
ﺃﻥ ﳛﻞ ﳏﻞ who , whom , whichﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓـﻼ ﳝﻜـﻦ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺇﻻ
.who , whom
This is the man (whom/
( /that) I can trust. ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﺑﻪ.
ﺃﻧﺎ ﺗﻜﻠﻤﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻏﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺣﺔthat) left yesterday. .
I talked to John (who/that
-ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ whomﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﻤﲑ whoﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋﻨﻪ.
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expenglish.com ٩ Omar AL-Hourani
AL
Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:
5) Pronoun "those"…
A. is the opposite of these.
B. points to thing that are near.
C. points to people that are not near.
D. A & B.
E. A & C.
F. B & C.