www.expenglish.

com ١ Omar AL-Hourani

 :Introduction ‫مقدمة‬

.‫ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬-

.‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﻒ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﲔ‬-
.Adjective ‫ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻔﺔ‬-
.‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ‬-
Smarts boys ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
Smart boys. (‫ﺻﺢ )ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‬
They need smarts. ("‫ﺻﺢ )ﻫﻢ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ "ﻫﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺻﻔﺔ‬
:‫ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬-
:‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬.‫( ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﲟﻘﻄﻊ ﳏﺪﺩ‬١
large ~ small ‫ ﺻﻐﲑ‬، ‫ ﻛﺒﲑ‬, old ~ young ‫ ﺻﻐﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬، ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬,
old ~ new ‫ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬، ‫ ﻗﺪﱘ‬, long ~ short ‫ ﻗﺼﲑ‬، ‫ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬, hard ~ soft ‫ ﻧﺎﻋﻢ‬، ‫ ﺧﺸﻦ‬,
rich ~ poor ‫ ﻓﻘﲑ‬، ‫ ﻏﲏ‬, hot ~ cold ‫ ﺑﺎﺭﺩ‬، ‫ ﺳﺎﺧﻦ‬,
black ~ white ‫ ﺃﺑﻴﺾ‬، ‫ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ‬, good ~ bad ‫ ﺳﻲﺀ‬، ‫ ﺟﻴﺪ‬,
smart ~ stupid ‫ ﻏﱯ‬، ‫ ﺫﻛﻲ‬, …
:‫ﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺣﺘﻤﹰﺎ‬ ‫ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭ ﹺﺟ‬،‫( ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﲟﻘﻄﻊ ﳏﺪﺩ‬٢
-al: actual , final , general , mental , physical , special , …
-ent: ancient , convenient , excellent , frequent , urgent , …
-ous: anxious , conscious , dangerous , famous , serious , various, …
-ic: atomic , basic , electric , scientific , sympathetic , …
-y: angry , dirty , funny , guilty , healthy , hungry , icy , …
-ive: active , attractive , expensive , native , sensitive , …
-ed: confused , excited , limited , related , surprised , …
-ble: enjoyable , fashionable , possible , probable , sensible , …
-ful: beautiful , careful , faithful , grateful , skillful , …
-an: American , Christian , German , human , Indian , Russian , …
-ing: amusing , disappointing , surprising , willing , …
-less: blameless , careless , childless , harmless , senseless , …

www.expenglish.com ٢ Omar AL-Hourani

‫‪-ar:‬‬
‫‪ar: familiar‬‬
‫‪famili , particular‬‬
‫‪particular , popular‬‬
‫‪popul , regular‬‬
‫‪regul , similar‬‬
‫… ‪simil ,‬‬

‫‪ "-less‬ﳍﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺲ ﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ "‪less‬‬
‫‪
careless‬ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ‪care‬‬
‫‪care‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ‬
‫"‪ "-less‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲝـﺬﻑ ﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ "‪"-less‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﻄﻊ "‪less‬‬
‫‪ ."-ful‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ "‪ful‬‬
‫‪
helpful‬ﻏﲑ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ‪helpless‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ‪help‬‬
‫‪
hopeful‬ﻣﻴﺌﻮﺱ ﻣﻨﻪ ‪hopeless‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻞ ‪hope‬‬
‫‪
useful‬ﻋﺪﱘ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻯ ‪useless‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ‪ful‬‬

‫‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﻍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ "‪ "a-‬ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪
asleep‬ﻳﻨﺎﻡ ‪sleep‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﺋﻢ ‪sleep‬‬
‫ﺣﻲ ‪
alive‬ﳛﻴﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ‪live‬‬
‫‪
awake‬ﻳﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ ‪wake‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻴﻘﻆ ‪wake‬‬
‫‪ "dis-‬ﰲ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫـﺬﻩ‬
‫"‬ ‫‪, un-‬‬ ‫‪ (٤‬ﺗﺼﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ "‪in , im--‬‬
‫‪un , il- , in-‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺃﻱ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻔﻆ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪
unhappy‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ‪happy‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ‪happy‬‬
‫‪
inaccurate‬ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ‪accurate‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ‪accurate‬‬
‫‪
impossible‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ‪possible‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻴﻞ ‪possible‬‬
‫‪
illegal‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ‪legal‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ‪legal‬‬
‫‪
dishonest‬ﺃﻣﲔ ‪honest‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻣﲔ ‪honest‬‬

‫"‪ "aa , an‬ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑـﲔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﰐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ ‪an‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪He is a smart man.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺫﻛﻲ‬
‫‪He is smart.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺫﻛﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪AL‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻨﻜﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﱂ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻨﻜﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ "smart‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﳚﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺗـﻰ ﺍﻟﺼـﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ "‪man‬‬
‫"‪smart man‬‬
‫ﲟﻔﺮﺩﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ "‪ "smart‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻟﺬﺍ ﳚﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "‪ "hero‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﺑﻄﻞ" ﻭﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ "‪ "heroic‬ﲟﻌﲎ "ﺑﻄﻮﱄ"‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﳚـﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻨﻜﲑ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪I am a hero.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺑﻄﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﲪﺮ‬

‫‪Red dress‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬
‫ﻃﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‬

‫‪Beautiful table‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‬

‫أنواع الصفات‪:‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﲝﺮﻑ ﻛﺒﲑ ‪.Capital Letter‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬

‫‪English language‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬

‫‪New York City‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻤﻔﺮﺩ
‪my/your/his/her/its‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻊ
‪our/your/their‬‬
‫"ﺳﺒﻖ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ"‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "‪ "own‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪(I will/I'll) write with my own pen.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﻘﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ "‪ "own‬ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺒﺎﺱ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫‪He did his work.‬‬
‫‪He did his own work.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣـﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﳜﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﻲ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﲔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚـﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴـﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﺇﺣـﺪﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﰐ ﺍﻟﺘـﻨﻜﲑ‬
‫"‪ "a , an‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ "‪ "the‬ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺰﻝ ﻗﺪﱘ ‪ , an old house‬ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ‪ , a beautiful girl‬ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ‪a long street‬‬
‫‪She is a beautiful girl.‬‬ ‫ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﺘﺎﺓ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻨﻜﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺃﺗﻰ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻣﻌﹰﺎ "‪ "beautiful girl‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻨﻜﲑ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫مواقع الصفة‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﺑﺪﹰﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ "‪"am , is , are , was , were , be‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪ Linking Verbs‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻓﻌـﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳊـﺲ ‪ Perception Verbs‬ﻭﺃﻓﻌـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﻬـﻮﺭ ‪ Seeming Verbs‬ﻭﺃﻓﻌـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐـﻴﲑ‬
‫‪ Becoming Verbs‬ﻭﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ‪" .Remaining Verbs‬ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﱐ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺲ ‪:Perception Verbs‬‬
‫… ‪ ,‬ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻠﻤﺲ ‪ , feel‬ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﺻﻮﺗﹰﺎ ‪ , sound‬ﻳﺘﺬﻭﻕ ‪ , taste‬ﺗﻔﻮﺡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺸﻢ ‪smell‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ ‪:Seeming Verbs‬‬
‫… ‪ ,‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ‪ , look‬ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ‪ , seem‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ‪appear‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ‪:Becoming Verbs‬‬
‫‪ ,‬ﻳﻨﻤﻮ ‪ , grow‬ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ‪ , get‬ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ‪ , end up‬ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ‪become‬‬
‫… ‪ ,‬ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ‪ , prove‬ﳛﻮ‪‬ﻝ ‪ , turn‬ﳛﻮ‪‬ﻝ ‪ , convert‬ﻳﻐﲑ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﺪﻝ ‪change‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ‪:Remaining Verbs‬‬
‫… ‪ ,‬ﳛﻔﻆ ‪ , keep‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﺚ ‪ , remain‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪stay‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ )ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ(‪.‬‬
‫‪I have a new computer.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻟﺪﻱ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ـﻮ‬
‫ـﻪ ﻫـ‬
‫ـﻮﻝ ﺑـ‬
‫ـﻮ "‪ ،"computer‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌـ‬
‫ـﻢ ﻫـ‬
‫ـﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺳـ‬
‫ـﻲ "‪ ،"new‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـ‬
‫ـﻔﺔ ﻫـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼـ‬
‫"‪."a new computer‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ‪ Linking Verbs‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪(She has/She's) become beautiful.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"beautiful‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"become‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫"‪ ."She‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪ "become‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ )ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ(‪.‬‬
‫‪The soup smells delicious.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺀ ﺗﻔﻮﺡ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﻟﺬﻳﺬﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪"The‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"delicious‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"smell‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﻮ‬
‫"‪ .soup‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪ "smell‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺲ )ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ(‪.‬‬
‫‪The witness kept silent..‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻘﻲ ﺻﺎﻣﺘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫"‬
‫‪"The‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"silent‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"kept‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻـﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋـﻞ ﻫـﻮ‬
‫"‪ .witness‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪ "kept‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ "‪ "keep‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ )ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ(‪.‬‬
‫‪witness‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪ be‬ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪She is smart.‬‬
‫‪smart.‬‬ ‫ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﺫﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"smart‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"is‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﻮ "‪."She‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﰐ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ the‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻻ ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪The young should look after the old.‬‬
‫‪old‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺏ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺘﲏ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ "‪ "young‬ﻭ "‪ ،"old‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﻮ "‪ ،"The young‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‪ ،"the old‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ‪.‬‬

‫‪ "look after" -‬ﺗﻌﲏ "‪ "take care‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﰐ ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻳﻌﺘﲏ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ (٥‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪I like my coffee black.‬‬
‫‪black.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺣﺐ ﻗﻬﻮﰐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪My sister keeps her room very tidy.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺧﱵ ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ "‪ "black‬ﻭ "‪ ،"tidy‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‪ "my coffee‬ﻭ "‪"her room‬‬
‫‪I have nothing good.‬‬
‫‪good.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻱ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺟﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ."nothing‬ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ "‪ ،"good‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‪nothing‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪."I have nothing is good" :‬‬
‫‪I have nothing not good.‬‬
‫‪good.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻱ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺟﻴﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ،"good‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ "‪ ."nothing‬ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ "‪good‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪."I have nothing is not good" :‬‬
‫‪There is something missing in this room.‬‬
‫‪room‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٧‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪AL‬‬
‫ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ‬."something
"something" ‫ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬،"missing" ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬
"missing
:‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
There is something
thing is missing in this room.
room

:‫ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬/‫ﺱ‬

.‫ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺃﲪﺮ‬، ‫ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‬، ‫ﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﲪﺮ‬
/‫ﺝ‬
Red Dress
ress.. "‫ﺛﻮﺏ ﺃﲪﺮ "ﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﲔ‬
The red dress.. "‫ "ﺻﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺻﻮﻑ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﲔ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺍﻷﲪﺮ‬
The dress is red. "‫ﺧﱪﻳﺔ‬
‫"ﲨﻠﺔ ﺧﱪﻳﺔ‬
‫ ﲨﻠﺔ‬.‫ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﲪﺮﺍﹰ‬.‫ﺃﲪﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺏ ﺃﲪﺮ‬

:Comparative & Superlative ‫مقارنة الصفات‬

:‫ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬-

:Equality
quality ‫( ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ‬١
am :‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
Subject + is + as + Verb
V + as + Object
are
John. ‫ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻮﻻ ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻭﺟﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺎﻥ‬.‫ﻃﻮﻝ ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺟﻮﻥ‬
George is as tall as John..‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺎﻥ‬
George talks John .‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﺟﻮﻥ‬
talk three times as much as John.
I will get back as soon as I can. .‫ﺳﺄﻋﻮﺩ ﺑﺄﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﺘﻄﻴﻊ‬

:Comparative
omparative ‫( ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺛﻨﲔ‬٢
am :‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‬
Subject + is + V
Verb-er
er + than + Object
are
George is taller than his brother. .‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ‬
I want a bicycle larger than this. .‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺭﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺟﺔ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬

www.expenglish.com ٨ Omar AL-Hourani

AL
 ‫‪ :Superlative‬ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ‪uperlative‬‬
‫‪am‬‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺎﻍ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+ is +‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb‬‬
‫‪erb-est‬‬
‫‪est‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪of‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫‪are‬‬

‫‪George is the tallest of his brothers.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻃﻮﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺧﻮﺍﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻘﻄﻊ "‪ "--er‬ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑـﲔ ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ ‪ ،Comparative‬ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻄـﻊ "‪"-est‬‬
‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ‪.Superlative‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬

‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ ‪good :‬‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ‪better :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ‪best :‬‬
‫ﺳﻲﺀ ‪bad :‬‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻮﺃ ‪worse :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺃ ‪worst :‬‬
‫‪much , many‬‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ‪more :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ‪most :‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ‪little :‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ ‪less :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ‪least :‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ‪far :‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ‪farther :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺪ ‪farthest :‬‬
‫‪He is better than her..‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪He is the best of his friends.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Tony is the best.‬‬
‫‪best.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﱐ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻘﺪﺓ‬

‫‪ .-est‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬

‫‪ -er‬ﺃﻭ ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻮﰐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪er‬‬
‫‪ "most‬ﻟﺪﺭﺟـﺔ‬
‫‪ "more‬ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﺛـﻨﲔ ﻭ "‪most‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﺻﻮﰐ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻥ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ "‪more‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻀﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺼﺎﻍ‪:‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+ am‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪more‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Adj‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪than + Object‬‬
‫‪is‬‬
‫‪Subject‬‬ ‫‪+ are +‬‬ ‫‪the most‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Adj‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪of‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

‫‪AL‬‬
George is more interested than John. .‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﻣﻬﺘﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﻥ‬
George is the most interested of his friends. .‫ﺟﻮﺭﺝ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺋﻪ‬

www.expenglish.com ١٠ Omar AL-Hourani

Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:

1) Adjective of "automatic" is:

A. automatic.
B. automatically.
C. automatical.
D. None of all above.

2) Adjective of "late" is:

A. lately.
B. lated.
C. late
D. None of all above.

3) Which word is NOT an adjective:

A. friendly.
B. fully.
C. silly.
D. All above.

4) In the bicycle race, Harold was … than Michael.

A. fastest
B. more fast
C. more faster
D. faster

5) The World Trade Center was the … building in New York City.
A. taller
B. tallest
C. more taller
D. most tall

6) Choose the correct sentence:

A. Clark is gooder than Mark.
B. Clark is more smart than Mark.
C. Clark's cake is most delicious of Mark's.
D. Clark is tallest of his friends.
E. None of all above.

7) Choose the correct sentence:

A. She feels the best.
B. She feels gooder.
C. She feels bader.
D. She feels good.

www.expenglish.com ١١ Omar AL-Hourani

8) Choose the correct sentence:
A. Pollution causes damages more than working in miners.
B. Pollution is damager than working in miners.
C. Pollution causes damages most of working in miners.
D. None of all above.

9) Choose the correct sentence:

A. Nice man has helped me.
B. A nice man has helped me.
C. A nice men have helped me.
D. None of all above.

10) Choose the correct sentence:

A. Michael Jackson is popular.
B. Michael Jackson is the most popular.
C. Michael Jackson is a popular man.
D. All above.
E. None of all above.

11) I'm good at football as … as basketball.

A. soon
B. much
C. possible
D. good
E. All above.

www.expenglish.com ١٢ Omar AL-Hourani