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XY DNG DANH MC U T

GVHD: TS. L T CH
Nhm 14 TCDN m 1
Nguyn Th Kim Hong
L Th Ngc Mai
Nguyn Th Bch Thy
Trn Th Xun Thy
Vng Vn Thun

NI DUNG
1. Gii thiu v xy dng danh mc u t
2. Cc m hnh ng dng
L thuyt danh mc Markovitz
M hnh nh gi ti sn vn - CAPM
M hnh kinh doanh chnh lch gi - APT

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C s ca quyt nh u t
Trong u t ti chnh, mi quyt nh u t lun c
xem xt trn c s cn bng gia li tc v ri ro (riskreturn trade-off).
Li tc k vng:l li tc m nh u t k vng s
nhn c t vic u t.
Ri ro cp n s khng chc chn v li tc m
nh u t k vng nhn c t vic u t. Hay ni
cch khc, ri ro l kh nng theo li tc m nh
u t thc s nhn c khc vi li tc k vng.

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C s ca quyt nh u t

Cc nh u t c th ch chp nhn ri ro cao hn


trong mt u t khi m t sut sinh li mong i cng
cao hn. Ni cch khc, cc nh u t s khng chp
nhn ri ro tr khi h c c s n b (phn b li
tc) cho vic chp nhn . S n b ny phi tng
xng vi ri ro ca u t: ri ro cng ln th n b
cng cao v ngc li. y chnh l cn bng gia ri
ro v li tc.

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Qu trnh u t
Qu trnh
u t

Phn tch
chng
khon

Qun tr
danh mc
u t

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Qu trnh u t

Phn tch chng khon

y l bc u tin ca qu trnh quyt nh u t. Phn tch chng


khon l vic phn tch, nh gi cc chng khon nhm xc nh ri
ro v li tc k vng trn cc chng khon . Phn tch chng khon
lin quan n nhng cng vic ch yu:
Th nht, phn tch cc c
im ca cc loi chng khon
khc nhau v cc yu t nh
hng n cc loi chng
khon (bao gm cc yu t
thuc v mi trng v m, th
trng, ngnh kinh doanh, bn
thn cng ty)

Th hai, la chn m hnh


nh gi c lng gi
ca chng khon.

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Qu trnh u t

Qun tr danh mc u t

Tip theo vic phn tch cc chng khon, cc nh u t la chn


cc chng khon v phn b vn u t hnh thnh nn danh
mc u t ti u. Cng vic ny i hi phi xc nh cc c hi
u t vi ri ro-li tc tt nht t cc danh mc u t kh thi v
la chn danh mc u t ti u t cc c hi .
Sau khi la chn c danh mc u t ti u, cc nh u t
phi tip tc cn nhc khi no th cn phi nh gi li danh mc
u t ny.
Vic la chn cc chng khon u t cng nh thi im
iu chnh danh mc u t ty thuc vo chin lc qun tr
danh mc u t ca nh u t: chin lc qun tr th ng
hay chin lc qun tr ch ng.
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Qu trnh u t

Qun tr danh mc u t

Chin lc qun tr danh mc u t th ng: l chin lc


theo danh mc u t c qun tr nhm c gng to ra mt
"bn sao" ca mt danh mc u t chun no (thng l cc
danh mc c s dng tnh ton cc ch s chng khon, v
d: danh mc tnh ch s S&P 500 M. Li tc ca danh mc
u t c qun tr th ng thng l gn bng vi li tc ca
danh mc u t chun.
Chin lc qun tr danh mc u t ch ng: l chin lc
theo danh mc u t c qun tr nhm to ra li tc, trn c
s c iu chnh theo ri ro, cao hn li tc ca danh mc u
t chun no .

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Cc m hnh ng dng

L thuyt danh mc Markovitz

M hnh nh gi ti sn vn - CAPM

Qun tr danh
mc u t

M hnh kinh doanh chnh lch gi - APT

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


xy dng mt danh mc u t, cc nh u t
phi xc nh lng ri ro c th c. M hnh danh
mc u t c bn c Harry Markovitz pht trin,
Markovitz pht hin t sut sinh li mong i i
vi danh mc ca cc ti sn v mt c lng ri
ro mong i.
Markovitz ch ra rng phng sai ca t sut sinh li
l mt c lng c ngha ca ri ro danh mc vi
mt tp hp nhng gi nh.
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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz

Cc gi nh

- Cc nh u t xem mi khon u t khc nhau i


din cho mt s phn phi xc sut ca t sut sinh li
mong i ln mt vi thi k nm gi.
- Cc nh u t lun ti a ha li ch mong i trong
mt thi k nht nh, v ng cong hu dng ca h
chng t vic thu nh mc hu dng bin t ca s
giu c.
- Cc nh u t nh gi ri ro ca danh mc u t
da trn c s phng sai ca t sut sinh li mong
i.
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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz

Cc gi nh

- Cc nh u t cn c trn nhng quyt nh c lp


ca t sut sinh li v ri ro mong i, v vy ng
cong hu dng ca h l mt phng trnh ca t sut
sinh li mong i v phng sai (hoc lch chun)
ca t sut sinh li.
- Vi mt mc ri ro cho trc, cc nh u t a
thch t sut sinh li cao hn l mt t sut sinh li
thp. Tng t, vi mt mc t sut sinh li cho
trc, cc nh u t li thch t ri ro hn l nhiu ri
ro.
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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


Vi nhng gi thit ny, mt ti sn u t hoc
mt danh mc cc ti sn u t c xem l hiu qu
nu khng c bt k ti sn hoc danh mc u t no
khc c cng mc ri ro (hoc ri ro thp hn) nhng
li c t sut li tc k vng cao hn; hoc c cng t
sut li tc k vng (hoc t sut li tc k vng cao
hn) nhng li c ri ro thp hn

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


T sut sinh li mong i ca mt chng khon v ca
danh mc u t
T sut sinh li mong i ca mt chng khon:

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


T sut sinh li mong i ca mt chng khon v ca
danh mc u t
T sut sinh li mong i ca mt danh mc u t

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


o lng ri ro
Bng cch gi nh t sut sinh li c phn
phi chun, Markovitz o lng ri ro thng
qua phng sai hay lch chun.
Phng sai hay lch chun, l mt phng
php c lng chnh lch ca nhng t sut
sinh li c th c, Ri, so vi t sut sinh li
mong i [E(R)]

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


o lng ri ro

o lng ri ro ca chng khon:

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


o lng ri ro
o lng ri ro ca danh mc u t:
Hip phng sai ca nhng t sut sinh li

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


o lng ri ro
o lng ri ro ca danh mc u t:
H s tng quan

H s tng quan ny ch c th thay i trong khong t -1


n +1. Gi tr +1 thay i trong mt kiu tuyn tnh xc nh
hon ton, gi tr -1 c th nhn mnh mi quan h ph nh
hon ton.
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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


o lng ri ro
o lng ri ro ca danh mc u t:
Phng sai (hoc lch chun) ca mt danh mc u t
Ri ro ca danh mc u t c o lng bng ch tiu phng
sai (hoc lch chun) ca t sut li tc trn danh mc u t
(tng t nh trng hp mi chng khon ring l). Nm 1952,
Harry Markowitz - c xem l ngi khai sinh ra l thuyt
danh mc u t hin i - pht trin m hnh la chn danh
mc u t da trn nguyn l a dng ha. Markowitz a ra
cng thc tnh ton phng sai (hoc lch chun) ca t sut
li tc trn danh mc u t nh sau:
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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


o lng ri ro
o lng ri ro ca danh mc u t:

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


o lng ri ro
o lng ri ro ca danh mc u t:
Qua cng thc ta c th thy hai nh hng:
Th nht, phng sai t sut sinh li ca chnh ti sn .
Th hai, hip phng sai gia t sut sinh li ca ti sn mi
vi t sut sinh li ca nhng ti sn khc hin c trong danh
mc
Nhn t quan trng c xem xt khi thm mt khon u t
vo danh mc (bao gm mt s khon u t khc) khng phi
l phng sai ca chnh khon u t m l hip phng sai
trung bnh vi tt c nhng khon u t khc trong danh mc
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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


Phn b ti u vn u t trn cc ti sn ri ro
M hnh Markovitz
Markowitz l ngi u tin a ra khi nim danh mc u
t hiu qu: l danh mc c ri ro thp nht bt k mt
t sut li tc k vng c xc nh trc; hoc c t sut
li tc k vng cao nht bt k mt mc ri ro c xc
nh trc. Chng ta c th tm ra cc danh mc u t hiu
qu theo cc bc nh sau:

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


Phn b ti u vn u t trn cc ti sn ri ro M hnh
Markovitz

u tin, chng ta n nh trc mt t sut li tc k vng no


trn danh mc u t, sau gii bi ton ti u ha tm ra
t trng ca mi chng khon trong danh mc (mc tiu l ti
thiu ha lch chun ca danh mc u t).
Sau , ln lt thay i gi tr c xc nh trc i vi t
sut li tc k vng trn danh mc, chng ta s tm ra tp hp
cc danh mc u t c lch chun nh nht tng ng.
ng cong tp hp cc danh mc u t vi lch chun nh
nht ny trn th c gi l ng bin phng sai nh
nht
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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


Phn b ti u vn u t trn cc ti sn ri ro M hnh
Markovitz

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


Phn b ti u vn u t trn cc ti sn ri ro M hnh
Markovitz

Trn ng bin phng sai nh nht, im A th hin cho


danh mc u t c lch chun nh nht so vi lch
chun ca tt c cc danh mc u t c th c to thnh
t n chng khon. Phn trn ca ng bin phng sai nh
nht (phn AB) th hin cho cc danh mc u t hiu qu,
c gi l ng bin hiu qu (efficient frontier).

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


ng bin hiu qu
ng bin hiu qu l tp hp nhng danh mc u t c t sut sinh
li ln nht cho mi mc ri ro, hoc ri ro thp nht cho mi mc
t sut sinh li.

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


ng bin hiu qu
Khng c mt danh mc no nm trn ng hiu qu c th
chim u th hn bt k danh mc u t khc trn ng bin
hiu qu. Tt c nhng danh mc u t ny c nhng c
lng t sut sinh li v ri ro khc nhau, vi t sut sinh li
mong i gia tng th ri ro cao hn.
dc ca ng bin hiu qu gim dn. iu ny c ngha
l mt s gia tng cng mt mc ri ro khi di chuyn ln
pha trn ca ng bin hiu qu th chng ta s nhn c
mc gia tng nh hn ca t sut sinh li.

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


La chn danh mc u t ti u

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L thuyt danh mc Markovitz


La chn danh mc u t ti u
- Hnh trn ch ra hai tp hp ng cong hu dng cng vi mt
ng bin hiu qu ca nhng khon u t. ng cong U 1
cho thy thi khng thch ri ro mnh nht ca nh u t (vi
U3 ,U2 ,U1). Nhng ng cong hu dng ny hon ton dc
ng, iu ny ch ra rng nh u t s khng gnh chu thm
ri ro gia tng t sut sinh li.
- ng cong U1 cho thy thi khng thch ri ro ca nh u
t thp hn. Mt nh u t s sn sng chp nhn mt ri ro t
hn nhn c mt t sut sinh li mong i cao hn.
X, Y: L im tip xc gia ng cong hu dng v ng
bin hiu qu l im ti u ca danh mc
u t hiu qu.
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M HNH CAPM

NN TNG CA L THUYT TH TRNG VN


CML V NGUYN L PHN CCH
M HNH NH GI TI SN VN CAPM

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Cc gi nh ca m hnh CAPM:

Tt c cc nh u t u l nh u t hiu qu Markowitz.
Cc nh u t c th i vay v cho vay bt k s tin no
li sut phi ri ro rf.
Tt c cc nh u t u c mong i thun nht.
Tt c cc nh u t c mt phm vi thi gian trong mt k
nh nhau. Chng hn nh 1 thng, 6 thng, 1 nm.

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Cc gi nh ca m hnh CAPM:

Tt c cc khon u t c th phn chia ty .


Khng c thu v chi ph giao dch lin quan ti vic
mua v bn cc ti sn.
Khng c lm pht hay bt k thay i no trong li
sut hay lm pht c phn nh mt cch y .
Cc th trng vn trng thi cn bng.
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S pht trin ca l thuyt th trng vn

Ti sn phi ri ro: l ti sn c t sut sinh li hon ton chc


chn v lch chun t sut sinh li trn ti sn ny s bng
khng.
Hip phng sai :
V f = 0 rif = rf COVf,i =0.
Tng t f,i =0.

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S pht trin ca l thuyt th trng vn

Danh mc
kt hp

Mt ti sn
phi ri ro

Danh mc
ti sn
ri ro

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Danh mc kt hp
1./ T sut sinh li mong i

rp = wf * rf + (1- wf ) * ri
wf : t trng ca ti sn phi ri ro trong danh mc
ri : t sut sinh li mong i danh mc i ca cc ti sn ri
ro
2./ lch chun

p = (1- wf ) * i
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Kt hp ri ro t sut sinh li

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S dng n by ti chnh

Mt nh u t c th mun t c mt t sut sinh


li cao hn ti im M nhng phi chp nhn mc ri
ro cao hn. Nh u t s s dng n by ti chnh
bng cc i vay li sut phi ri ro v u t s tin ny
vo danh mc ti sn ri ro M.

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S dng n by ti chnh
.

T sut sinh li mong i

i vay

CML

Cho vay
M

TSSL
Phi ri ro
lch chun

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S dng n by ti chnh

T sut sinh li v ri ro u tng theo ng thng


tuyn tnh rf M ban u v m rng v pha bn phi.
Cc im trn ng m rng ny c u th hn mi
im nm trn ng hiu qu Markowitz.

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S dng n by ti chnh

Danh mc m ti im m ng thng ni t rf
tip xc vi ng hiu qu l danh mc tt nht
trn tp hp hiu qu i vi tt c nhng ai nm
gi n.
Lc ny tp hp hiu qu tr thnh ng thng i
t rf qua danh mc M.
ng thng ny c xem nh l tp hp hiu qu
ca tt c TS ri ro v phi ri ro ( CML: ng th
trng vn)
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CML V NGUYN L PHN CCH

Trong cng mt mc ngi ri ro chung, mi


nh u t s ti a ha li ch ca h bng
cch nm gi mt tp hp bao gm c nhng
ti sn phi ri ro v danh mc u t M.

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CML V NGUYN L PHN CCH

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CML V NGUYN L PHN CCH


Theo nguyn l phn cch, nh u t phi thc
hin 2 quyt nh ring bit: quyt nh ti tr v
quyt nh u t:
Quyt nh u t: La chn danh mc tt nht
(danh mc M).
Quyt nh ti tr: da trn s thch ri ro ca
mnh, nh u t lm quyt inh ti tr tch bit
hoc i vay hoc cho vay t c v tr c ri
ro theo s thch trn ng CML.
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CML V NGUYN L PHN CCH


Nu nh u t khng a thch ri ro, anh ta s cho
vay mt phn ca danh mc mc li sut r f v u
t phn cn li vo danh mc th trng cc ti sn
ri ro, nh im A.
Ngc li nu nh u t thch ri ro, anh ta c th
i vay tin vi li sut rf v u t tt c s tin vo
danh mc th trng to nn danh mc ti im B.
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TNG QUAN M HNH


NH GI TI SN VN - CAPM

M hnh CAPM: thu nhp k vng ca mt loi


chng khon hay danh mc u t s ngang
bng vi mc trn cc chng khon phi ri ro
cng thm khon li tc b ri ro na.

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TNG QUAN M HNH


NH GI TI SN VN - CAPM

Nu thu nhp k vng khng t mc thu nhp


ti thiu yu cu, khi nh u t s khng
tin hnh u t. Cc ng SML ca th
trng chng khon s th hin kt qu ca
CAPM i vi cc mc ri ro khc nhau ().

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M HNH CAPM
Hnh: mi quan h gia ri ro t sut sinh li vi
bin hip phng sai h thng l thc o ri ro

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M HNH CAPM
Ta c: hip phng sai ca th trng vi chnh n l
phng sai ca t sut sinh li th trng COVM,M = 2M
Nh vy, phng sai ca ng ri ro t sut sinh li l:

R = rf + x (rM - rf)
Vi:
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M HNH CAPM
thc o tiu chun ha ca ri ro h thng

Beta l thc o chun ha ca ri ro v n thit lp


quan h gia hip phng sai ny vi phng sai ca
danh mc th trng.
Danh mc th trng c = 1. Do nu mt ti sn
c = 1 th ti sn ny c ri ro h thng ln hn th
trng.

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M HNH CAPM
Xc nh ti sn b nh gi thp v nh gi cao

trng thi cn bng, tt c cc ti sn v tt c cc danh


mc s nm trn ng SML.
Bt c chng khon no c t sut sinh li c lng
nm trn SML s c xem l b nh gi thp v n hm
rng chng ta c lng s nhn c mt t sut
sinh li cao hn t sut sinh li yu cu trn chng khon
tng ng vi mc ri ro ca n.
Ngc li, cc ti sn c t sut sinh li c lng nm
di SML s c xem l nh gi cao.
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M HNH CAPM
Xc nh ti sn b nh gi thp v nh gi cao

Ta tnh t sut sinh li c tnh theo cng thc:

S khc bit gia t sut sinh li c lng v t sut


sinh li yu cu i khi c gi l Alpha ca c
phiu. Alpha ny c th dng ( c phiu b nh gi
thp) v m ( c phiu b nh gi cao)
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u nhc im ca m hnh CAPM

u im: n gin, c th ng dng c trong thc t.


Nhc im:
Ch xc nh Bta trong hin ti.
Da vo qua nhiu gi nh.
Bta khng n nh theo thi gian.
xc nh t sut sinh li mong i ca chng khon,
cn c cc nhn t khc ngoi li sut phi ri ro v ri
ro h thng.
Nh u t khng hon ton b qua ri ro phi h thng.
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M HNH APT
1. M hnh mt nhn t
2. M hnh a nhn t
3. Beta nhn t
4. M hnh nhn t v danh mc m phng

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M HNH APT
Thp nin nm 1970 S.A Ross trin khai mt m hnh
ni ting gi l kinh doanh chch lch gi (APT) bng
cch s dng cc yu t a ri ro gii thch t sut sinh li
ca chng khon.
Theo APT th beta v t sut sinh li ca chng khon c
lin h cht ch vi cc bin i trong cc nhn t kinh t
v m
Cc m hnh nhn t khng ch din t mc nh hng
n s thay i cc nhn t kinh t v m i vi TSSL
ca chng khon m cn a ra d bo v TSSL mong
i ca nh u t
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M HNH APT
M hnh mt nhn t
M hnh mt nhn t din t t sut sinh li ca chng khon i
(ri) chu s tc ng ca mt nhn t (F). Nhn t (F) c
xem l nhn t th trng v nh u t khng th a dng ho
M hnh c biu din di dng:
ri = i + iF + i
Trong :

i : t sut sinh li mong i ca chng khon i.


F: nhn t th trng.
i: mc nhy cm ca chng khon i i vi nhn t F
i : l nhn t c trng ring c ca chng khon i.
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M HNH APT
M hnh a nhn t :
M hnh din t t sut sinh li ca chng khon i (r i) c hp
thnh bi nhiu nhn t Fj, gi l nhn t ph bin (commom
factor), cc chng khon khc nhau c cc nhy cm khc nhau
c th hin qua cc beta
M hnh c biu din di dng:
ri = i + i1F1 + i2F2 + + ikFk + i
Trong : i : TSSL mong i ca chng khon i.
Fj (j = 1, k ) : nhn t v m.
ij: h s nhy cm ca chng khon i i vi nhn t v
m th j.
i : nhn t c trng ca chng khon
i
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M HNH APT
c lng cc nhn t: c ba phng php:
1. S dng phng php thng k nh phn tch nhn t xc
nh danh mc nhn t (factor portfolio), l cc danh mc
chng khon c xy dng sao cho c th m phng cc
nhn t.
2. S dng cc bin kinh t v m, v d nh s thay i li sut
v nhng thay i trong din bin kinh t v m nh l nhng
ch bo cho cc nhn t
3. S dng nhng c th ring ca cng ty c nh hng n
cc mc t sut sinh li cao hn hoc thp hn to ra cc
danh mc nh l cc ch bo cho cc nhn t.
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M HNH APT
Cc beta () nhn t
Cc h s ca mt danh mc i vi mt nhn t no
chnh l bnh qun gia quyn ca cc chng khon ring l i
vi nhn t .
Cho m hnh K nhn t cho mi c phiu i v mt danh mc u
t c N chng khon vi t trng u t c gi tr l xi cho c
phiu i th TSSL mong i ca danh mc u t:
r p = x 1 r 1 + x 2 r2 + + x N r N
th phng trnh nhn t nh sau:
rp = p + p1F1 + p2F2 + + pkFk + p
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M HNH APT
Trong :
p = x1 1 + x 2 2 + + x N N
p1 = x111 + x221 + + xNN1
p2 = x112 + x222 + + xNN2
.

pj = x11j + x22j + + xNNj


p = x11 + x22 + + xNN

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M HNH APT
Dng m hnh nhn t tnh Cov v Var
Tnh Cov t beta nhn t trong mt m hnh a nhn t:
Gi s c K nhn t tc ng ln TSSL ca chng khon i v j
ri = i + i1F1+ i2F2 + iKFK + i
rj = j + j1F1+ j2F2 + jKFK + j
th hip phng sai s c tnh:
Cov(ri;rj) = i1j1var(F1) + + iKjKvar(FK)
Cov(ri;rj) =

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M HNH APT
Dng m hnh nhn t tnh Var:
1. i vi m hnh mt nhn t:
Ging nh m hnh th trng, cc m hnh nhn t cung cp
mt phng php phn tch Var ca chng khon thnh hai
thnh phn: khng th a dng ha v c th a dng ha.
ri = i + iF + i
var (ri) = i2 var (F) + var (i)

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M HNH APT
2. i vi m hnh a nhn t:
Khi k nhn t khng tng quan, chng khon i c m
phng bi m hnh nhn t:
ri = i + i1F1 + i2F2 + + iKFK + i
th var (ri) c th phn tch thnh tng ca (K+1) thnh phn:
var (ri) = 2i1 var (F1) + + 2ik var (FK) + var (i)
2i1 var (F1) + + 2ik var (FK): phn nh ri ro nhn t
var (i): phn nh RR c th ca cng ty

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M HNH APT
M hnh nhn t v danh mc m phng:
thit lp danh mc u t m phng, tin hnh cc bc sau:
1. Xc nh s lng nhn t lin quan.
2. Xc nh cc nhn t v tnh cc nhn t.
3. K n, thit lp mt phng trnh cho mi nhn t. V tri
phng trnh l nhn t ca danh mc m phng, bn phi phng
trnh l nhn t mc tiu
4. Sau gii phng trnh tm t trng danh mc m phng, tng
cc t trng phi bng 1
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M HNH APT
V d xy dng danh mc u t m phng:
Cho m hnh k nhn t. Ta s lp mt DMT m phng c cc mc tiu ln
lt l: 1, 2,. k.
Gi s DMT m phng c n chng khon, mi chng khon c phng
trnh:
ri = i + i1F1 + i2F2 + + ikFk + i
Gi xi l t trng ca chng khon i trong DMT (i =1,n).
Ta c:
1 = x111 + x221 + + xnn1
2 = x112 + x222 + + xnn2
.
k = x11k + x22k + + xnnk
x1

+ x2

+ + xn = 1
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M HNH APT
Gii h phng trnh trn tm cc gi tr x1, x2, , xn ,
chng ta c th thit lp DMT m phng
Lu : Trong m hnh k nhn t, lp c cc DMT vi
cu trc xc nh, ngi ta cn c (k + 1) chng khon

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M HNH APT
Danh mc nhn t thun nht:
Danh mc nhn t thun nht l nhng danh mc c h s nhy
cm i vi mt trong cc nhn t l 1, i vi cc nhn t khc
cn li, danh mc c h s u bng 0, danh mc nh vy
khng c cc RR c th ca cng ty.
V d: C 3 loi chng khon C, G, S vi cc phng trnh:
rC = 0,08 + 2F1 + 3F2
rG = 0,1 + 3F1 + 2F2
rS = 0,1 + 3F1 + 5F2
Yu cu: Thit lp 2 danh mc nhn t thun nht i vi cc
nhn t F1, F2
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M HNH APT
thit lp danh mc nhn t ch chu nh hng bi F 1, ta cn tm cc t trng xC,
xG, xS tha:
2xC + 3xG + 3xS = 1
h s nhy cm ca danh mc ny i vi F2 l 0, cc t trng phi tha:
3xC + 2xG + 5xS = 0
ng thi:

xC + x G + x S = 1

Ta c h phng trnh:
2xC + 3xG + 3xS =

3xC +

2xG +

5xS =

xC +

xG +

xS =

Kt qu l:

xC = 2;

xG = 1/3;

xS = -4/3.
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M HNH APT
thit lp danh mc nhn t th hai, tng t, gii h
phng trnh:
2xC + 3xG + 3xS = 0
3xC + 2xG + 5xS = 1
xC +
Kt qu l:

xG +

xS = 1

xC = 3;

xG = -2/3;

xS = -4/3

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M HNH APT
Nhn xt:
M hnh nhn t chia TSSL ca chng khon thnh hai thnh
phn:
1. Mt tp hp cc thnh phn c tng quan ln nhau trong
s cc chng khon gi l nhn t ph bin, chnh l:
nhng bin s th hin cc iu kin kinh t v m c bn
2. Thnh phn to ra cc c th cho cng ty v khng c mi
tng quan ln nhau trong s cc chng khon th hin
nhng thng tin ca cng ty

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M HNH APT
Ri ro c th ca cng ty, nhng khng phi l ri ro nhn t, s
c trit tiu hon ton bng cch nm gi mt danh mc a
dng ho tt.
Bng cch la chn t trng ca danh mc mt cch hp l, c
th thit lp mt chui danh mc vi bt k beta nhn t theo mu
hnh d kin.

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