J

T h e

3 6 0

L e a d e r

nnj LAO OONG - XA H0I

Nhd lanh dao 360 dep tan nhung

ngo nhan ve tarn anh hucfng, ve
tiem nang... va giup ban kham
pha de vupt qua nhung trd ngai
tren con dudng trd thanh mot nha
lanh dao: sUcang thing, chan nin,
cai toi, tarn nhin va inh hudng...
NhCfng nguyen tac ve thuat lanh
dao ma John C. Maxwell de ra the
hien tinh than do. Ong khong chi
chu y den cap dudi ma con nhan
manh hai khi'a canh hiru co khac
cua lanh dao, la cap tren va dong
cap. Chi su hoi tu ca ba cap do
trong thuat lanh dao moi dua den
mot nha lanh dao toan ven:
Lanh dao cap tren bSng each
chia se ganh nang vdi cap
tren, sin sang lam nhung viec
nguoi khac khong lam, biet
tien-lui dung luc,...
Lanh dao dong cap bSng each
hoan thien cic nha lanh dao
dong cap, de nhung y tuang
xuat sac nhat gianh chien
thing, md rpng vbng trbn
quan he,...
Lanh dao cap dubi bang each
coi m6i ngubi la mot die'm 10,
dat ho vao dung vi tri sd
trifdng, phat tri^n tUng nhn
vin vdi tu each mdt con
ngubi,...

www.alphabooks.vn

THE 360 DEGREE LEADER

Copyright 2005 by John C. Maxwell
Allrightsreserved. This Licensed Work published under license.
Vietnamese translation edition published by agreement between THOM
INC., and AlphaBooks.
NHA LANH DAO 360
Ban quyen tieng Vi?t 2008 Cong ty Sach Alpha
Cuon sach duvc xuat ban theo hop dong chuyen nhuvng ban quyen gii
NELSON INC., va Cong ty Sach Alpha.
0

Khong phan nao trong xuat ban pham nay duVc phep sao chep
hay phal hanh duoi bat ky hinh there nao hojcbang bat kyphuwng tien nao,
hay duT/c luu giLr trong CO scr dfflieu ho^c he thong truy cap,
ma khong co su- cho phep trucrc b4ng vSn ban ciia Cong ty Sach Alpha.
Thiet ke bia: Tran Van Phirg-ng
Theoqudoi
Nnonhg6aThj
Thanh
Nga copyright@alphabooks.vn
Lien hi ve dich vu ban
yenbsaanchthao:
81 vS
pham:
Email:
Lien hi; ho-p tac ve ban thao hojc nhan cic ban dich: Email: publication@alphabooks.vn

360
Dang Oanh, Ha Phucmg dich

NELSON BUSINESS

THl/VIEN KHOA HOC KY THUA

BUD BIEN
PHU BAN:

Cuon sach dVdc xuat ban trong chifdng trinh hdp tac giua
CONG TY SACH ALPHA
Jfalphobooks"

TRUNG TAM PHAT TRIEN OAO TAO QUAN LY

VA ANH NGff ITD VIET NAM
I T D

So 164B, Dpi Can, Ba Dinh, Ha Npi

So 88, SLT Thien Chieu, Phudng 7, Quan 3, TP Ho Chi M
Tel: +84-1 722 6236 - Fax: +84-4 722 6237
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Website : http://www.itd.com.my

LOI GIOI
Ve John C. Maxwell

THIEU

va bo sach lanh dao ciia dug

John C. Maxwell la guru, chuyen gia va bac thay noi tie'ng

nha't the'gioi ve nghe thuat lanh dao voi tren 13 trieu ban
sach ban ra tren khap hanh tinh, cung nhu Phillip Kotler la
guru, bac thay ve marketing hay Michael Porter ve chie'n
luoc kinh doanh. Hang nam, ong duoc moi toi noi chuyen
tai cac cong ty hang dau trong danh sach Fortune 500, voi
nhieu nha lanh dao chinh phu tren the gioi va nhung to
chuc nhu Hoc vien Quan su Hoa Ky 6 West Point.
Cac tac pham cua ong duoc danh gia rat cao va duoc xep
trong danh sach ban chay nha't tren cac tap chi nhu New York
Times, Wall Street Journal, Business Week va Maxwell la mot
trong 25 tac gia noi tie'ng nha't tren Amazon. Nhung cuon
sach da ban tren 1 trieu ban cua ong gom The 21 Irrefutable
Laws of Leadership, Developing the Leader Within You va The 21
Indispensable Qualities of a Leader.
Nham muc tieu dua cac tac pham co gia tri den voi nguai
Viet Nam, khong chi cho cac nha quan ly, nha lanh dao ma

NHA LANH DAO 360

cho tat ca nhung ai mong muon minh phat trien han nua,
Alpha Books lua chon dich va xuat ban cac cuon sach hay
nhat cua John C. Maxwell.
Voi vai tro la Trung tarn phat trien dao tao quan ly, ITD
Viet Nam tin tudng rang tac pham va tu tuong cua ong se
giup chung ta hoan thien va thanh cong hon.
Xin tran trong gioi thieu voi doc gia!
ITD Viet Nam va Alpha Books

Miie

Lue

L6i gioi thieu: Ve John C. Maxwell va bp sach lanh dao cua ong

NHUNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG 11_

NGO NHAN *J: NGO NHAN VE CHUC VI 15

NGO NHAN *2: NGO NHAN VE MUC TIEU 21
NGO NHAN 3: NGO NHAN VE JAM ANH HUONG 24
NGO NHAN H: NGO NHAN VE SU THIEU KINH NGHIEM 26
NGO NHAN'5: NGO NHAN VETUDO 29
NCO NHAN s6: NGO NHAN VE KHA NANG 33

NGO NHAN *7: NGO NHAN VE V7EC "DUOC AN CA. NGA VE KHONG" 3
NHUNG THACH THU*C NHA LANH DAO 360" PHAI DUONG DAU 41_
THACH THUC'I SUCANCTHANC 43

THACH THUCt2.SUCHAN NAN 55

THACH THUC S3 NH1EU MU 67
THACH THUC 14 : CA1 TOl 76
THACH THUC 15: 5U HA] LONG S6
THACH THUC >6: TAM NHIN 97
THACH THUC7: ANH HUONG 109

NHA LANH DAO 360"

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN 121
NGUYEN TAC SI LANH PAO BAN THAN XUAT SAC 125
NGUYEN TAC 12 CH1A SE GANH NANG I'Of CAP TREN 138
NGUYEN TAC 13: SAN SANG MM VIEC NGUOI KHAC KHONG LAM 151
NGUYEN TAC -"-I LAM NH1EU HON QUAN LY - LANH DAO! 162
NGUYEN TAC 5 DAU TU VAOMOl QUAN HE HUU HAO 172
NGU) EN TAC H. CHUAN Bl SAN SANG MOI LAN CAP LANH DAO 1S2
NGUYEN TAC "T MET TIEN. LUI DUNG LUC . 393
NGUYEN TAC >S TRO THANH -QUAN SU" 208
NGUYEN TAC =9 KHONG NGUNC TIEN BO 215
CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH PAO DONG CAP 227_

NGU) EN TAC H AM H1EU. THUC HAN H VA HO AN THANH CHU TR1NH

NGUYEN TAC 32- HOAN THIEN LANH DAO DONG CAP
TRUOC KHI CANH TKANH VOI HO
240
NGUYEN TAC S3 11 AY LA MOT NGUOI BAN 248
NGUYEN TAC 14 TRANH DAU DA CHINH TRI 257
NGUYEN TAC 5 MO RQNC VONG TRON QUAN HE 267
NGUYEN J Ac 16 SAN SANG CONG NHAN V TUONG XUAT sAc NLlAT 278
NGUYEN TAC '7 DUNG TO VE IIOAN HAO 289
CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI 297_

NGUYEN TAC ! BUOCCHAM RAI QUA KHU VUC I.AM VIEC CUA NHAN V
NGUYEN TAC 2 CO I MOI NGUOI LA MOT DIEM III 308

NGUYEN 1 AC '3 PIIA'I TRIEN TUNG NHAN VIEN VOI TU CACH MOT CON
NGUYEN TAC '4 SU DUNG NHAN VIEN DUNG SO TRUONG CUA HO 333

NGUYEN TAC 15: MUON NCUOI KHAC LAM CI, BAN THAN HAY LAM CUO

MUCLUC
NGUYEN TAC-6 TRUYEN TAI TAW NHIN
NCU) E.V TAC =7: TUOXG THUONC THANH TICH 356

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360 367

CM TRI-1 MOT NHOM LANH DAO HIEU QUA HON MOT NGUOI LANH

CM TRI--2 TO CHUC CAN CAC LANH DAO O MOI CAR 375

CIA TRI -"3 IANH DAO O CAP 1 THANH CONG LA DIEU KIEN DE
LANH DAO OCAP CAO HON
3S2
CIA TRI U LANH DAU CIOI CAP I RUNG TAO KA LANH DAU CAP CAOC

CIA TRI s5: NHUNG PHAM CHAT CUA NHA LANH DA0 3e.lt CAN CHO M
PI-TAN D.AC

stti EAO MOI TRUONG DANH THUCNHA LANH DAOJW 413

N H t f N G
C U A

N H A N

N H A L A N H
C A P

N G O

D A O

T R U N G

rong lich su co nhung lanh dao tieu bieu nhu: William

Wallace chi huy cac chie'n binh chong lai su dan ap cua
quan dpi Anh; Winston Churchill chong lai su de doa cua
Due Quoc Xa khi gan nhu toan bo chau Au sup do;
1

William Wallace, sinh khoang nam 1272-1276, mat nam 1305, la anh
hung cua dat nuoc Scotland, lanh dao cupc khang chie'n chong lai ngvrai Anh,
gianh doc lap cho Scotland.
Winston Churchill (1874-1965) la nha chinh trj nguai Anh, noi tie'ng tren
cuong vi Thu tuong Anh trong The chie'n thii' hai.
1

11

NHA I.ANH DAO 360"

Mahatma Gandhi dan dau doan dieu hanh toi bo bien de
phan doi Dao luat Thuc muoi; Mary Kay Ash tu sang lap
mot tap doan tarn co the gioi; Martin Luther King Jr. la mot
trong nhung nha lanh dao giup to chuc cupc dieu hanh den
Washington vi viec lam va tu do nam 1963, ong da dung
truck Dai tuong mem Lincoln doc bai dien van / Have a
Dream (Toi co mot gia'c mo), duoc xem la mot trong nhung
bai dien van duoc yeu thich nha't va dupe trfch dan nhieu
nha't trong lich su nuoc My.
3

Nhung nhan vat nay deu la nhung lanh dao v! dai co anh
huong den hang tram nghin, tham chi hang trieu nguoi
Nhung nhung dien hinh nay da gay ra nhung ngo nhan.
Tren thuc te, 99% vai tro lanh dao khong phai 6 vi tri dung
dau ma tu vi tri giua cua to chuc. Moi to chuc thuong chi co
duy nha't mot nguoi lanh dao. Vay ban phai lam gi neu
khong phai nguoi duy nha't?
Gan 30 nam thuyet giang ve nghe thuat lanh dao, hau
nhu trong buoi hoi thao nao cung co nguoi toi gap toi va

' Mahatma Gandhi (1169-1948) la anh hiing dan toe An Do, da chi dao
euoc khang chie'n chong die do (hue dan cua dequoc Anli va gianh dpc lap
cho An Do vol su ung ho nhiet Net cua hang trieu nguoi dan.
Mary Kay Ash la nguoi sang lap ra hang my pham Mary Kay noi tieng;
tac gia cua ba cuon sach ban chay la Mary Kay, Mary Kay on People
Management va You Can Have It All. Ba duoc vinh danh la "Nguoi phu nu co
anh huong kin nha't trong kinh doanh cua the ky XX" do kenh truyen hinh
Lifetime Television binh chon nam 199y.
' Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1964*) la muc su Baptist, nha boat dong dan
quyen My goc Phi, doat giai Nobel Hon binh nam 1964.
4

12

NHUNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TKUNG

noi: "Toi rat thi'ch nhung dieu ngai giang ve nghe thuat lanh
da, nhung toi khong the ap dung chung. Toi khong phai la
lanh dao chu chot. Toi dang lam vice cho mot nguoi co trinh
do... cung lam la loai trung binh".
Ban cung dang o vi tri do? Ban dang o vi tri nao trong to
chuc? Ban khong phai la nhan vien do nha't, nhung cung
khong phai la nguoi dung dau. Du vay, ban lai muon lanh
dao va dong gop cho to chuc.
Ban khong nen cam thay dau kho vi hoan canh hay chuc
vi cua minh. Ban cung khong can phai tro thanh CEO de
lanh dao hieu qua. Ban co the hoc each gay anh huong thong
qua vai tro lanh dao du cap tren cua ban khong phai la nha
lanh dao gioi. Bi quve't o day la gi? Bang each tro thanh nha
lanh dao 360", ban hoc duoc each phat trien tarn anh huong
cua minh du o bat ky vi tri nao trong to chuc va hoc each
lanh dao cap tren, dong cap va cap duoi.
Khong phai ai cung bier, each gay anh huong toi mpi
nguoi o cac vi tri khac nhau - cap tren, dong cap va cap
duoi. Mot so nguoi lanh dao cac thanh vien trong nhom rat
gioi, song lai tho o voi cac lanh dao 6 cac phong ban khac.
Mot so nguoi xav dung moi quan he tot dep voi sep, nhung
khong co chut anh huong nao toi cap duoi. Vai nguoi co the
duoc long hau he't moi nguoi, nhung lai chang lam nen tro
trong gi. Nguoc lai, co nhung nguoi lam viec rat nang sua't
song khong the hoa hop voi bat cu ai. Nha lanh dao 360"
khong giong ai trong so nhung nguoi nay. Chi co nha lanh
dao 360" moi co the anh huong toi mpi nguoi 6 tat ca cac cap
13

NHA LANH DAO 360"

trong to chiic. Bang each giup do nguoi khac, ho giup do
chi'nh minh.
Toi day, ban co the phan ling: "Lanh dao moi nguoi 6 cac vi
tri khac nhau - Noi bao gid chang de hon lam!" Viec nay qua la
kho khan nhung khong phai la bat kha thi. Tren thuc te> ai
cung co the tro thanh nha lanh dao 360 mien la co kha nang
lanh dao 6 mute trung binh tro len va san sang co gang he't sue
de lam duoc dieu do. Vay nen, ngay ca khi ban danh gia ban
than chi 6 muc diem 5 hoac 6/10, ban van co the cai thien kha
nang lanh dao, mo rong tarn anh huong den nhung nguoi
xung quanh va 6 bat a i vi tri nao trong to chuc.
Muon lanh dao moi nguoi 6 cac vi tri khac nhau, ban
phai hoc ba kieu ky nang lanh dao. Ban co the da cam nhan
duoc viec minh lanh dao cap tren, dong cap va cap duoi
nhu the nao. Nhung, toi van muon ban danh gia cac ky nang
do chinh xac hon de dieu chinh dung dan huong phat trien
ky nang lanh dao cua ban than.
Truoc khi doc tie'p cuon sach nay, toi khuyen ban danh
gia ky nang lanh dao cua ban than dua tren ban danh gia
tren trang web www.360-Degreeleader.com.

Cac cau hoi

true tuyen ma chung toi dua ra kha don gian, de hieu, yeu
cau ban danh gia ban than trong nhung van de lien quan
den nang luc lanh dac cua mot trong ba linh vuc. Ban se biet
duoc liu diem, nhuoc diem cua minh khi thuc hanh tung
kieu ky nang. Tuy nhien, truoc khi hoc cac ky nang nay,
chung ta nen bat dau voi bay ngp nhan cua nhung nguoi
lanh dao t u vi tri giua cua to chuc.
14

H G Q M H A 1 I #1

N G O

N H A N

V E C H U t

V I

"Toi khong the lanh dao

neu toi khong

ditng

dau."

heo toi, ngp nhan so mot cua mpi nguoi ve vai tro lanh

dao la: Chuc vi hay chuc danh tao ra vai tro lanh dao.
Quan diem nay hoan toan sai lam. Ban khong can dung dau
mot nhom, mot phdng ban hay mot to chuc de lanh dao.
Neu ban nghT minh can dung dau, thi ban thupc nhom
nguoi ngo nhan ve chuc vi.
V| tri dung dau khong tu dong bieh nguoi ta thanh nha
lanh dao. Nguyen tac Anh huong trong cuon 21 nguyen tic
van-? ve nghe thuat lanh dao phat bieu: "Thudc do that su cua
vai tro lanh dao chinh la tarn anh huong."

15

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Khi lanh dao cac to chuc tinh nguyen, toi da chung kien
nhieu nguoi bi "giam cam" trong ngo nhan chuc vi. Khi bo
tri nhung nguoi nay vao mot nhom, ho thay bur boi neu
khong duoc cap mot chuc danh hoac dia vi de nhung thanh
vien khac biet minh la nguoi lanh dao. Thay vi co gang xay
dung moi quan he voi moi nguoi va gay anh huong mot
each tu nhien, ho cho cap tren trao quyen hanh va cap chuc
danh. Mot thoi gian sau, ho cang cam thay kho chiu. Cuoi
ciing, hp quye't dinh thu lai voi mot nhom khac, mot nha
lanh dao khac hoac mot to chuc khac.
Nguoi ngo nhan ve chuc vi khong hieu dupe nang luc
lanh dao hieu qua phat trien nhu the nao. Neu ban tung doc
mot so cuon sach khac cua toi ve nghe thuat lanh dao, ban
han con nho mot cong cu nhan dang vai tro lanh dao trong
cuon Phat trien ky nang lanh dao. Cong cu nay toi gpi la "Nam
cap do lanh dao", ghi lai cac dong thai phat trien vai tro lanh
dao cung nhu bat ky dieu gi quan trong ma toi biet ve no.
Neu ban khong ro ve cong cu nay, toi se giai thich ngan gpn
nhu sau:

16

NHUNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

5. VI NHAN Sil kfnh trong: Mpi ngddi di theo ban vi
con ngddi ban va dieu ban dai dien.
Ldu y: Cap dp nay danh cho nhOng lanh
dao danh nhieu thdi gian phat trien con
ngddi va to chile. Rat it ngddi dat dddc
cap dp nay. Ngddi dat dddc cap dp nay
la ngddi xuat chung.
4 PHAT TRIEN CON NGUCil Tai san sinh: Mpi ngddi di theo ban vi nhOng gi
ban da lam cho hp.
Ldu y: Sd tang trddng dai han dien ra d cap dp
nay. Sd tan tuy phat then lanh dao se dam bap
sd phat trien lien tuc cho tc chile va ca nhan.
Hay lam bat cd dieu gi ban cb the de dat dddc
va duy tri d cap dp nay.
3 KET QUA Ket qua: Mpi ngddi di thep ban vi nhflng gi ban da lam
cho to chdc.
Ldu y: 0 cap dp nay, hau he't mpi ngddi deu co the
cam nhan dddc thanh cong. Hp yeu quy ban va nhOng
gi ban dang lam. Do la dong Idc giup ban dl dang giai
quyet mpi van de.
2 SU CHAP THUAN Cac moi quan hf: Mpi ngddi di theo ban vi hp muon.
Ldu y: Nhan vien lam viec chp ban khong chi vi chdc danh
ban dang nam giO. Cap dp nay tap khpng khi lam viec vui ve,
td nguyen. Tuy nhien, neu duy tri qua lau d cap dp nay ma
khong tien trien, ban se khien nhOng ngddi lam viec tan tuy vi
minh cam thay sdt rupt.
1. CHOC VI Quyen hanh: Mpi ngddi di theo ban vi hp phai theo.
Ldu y: Tarn anh hddng cua ban se khpng vddt qua gidi han trong
cong viec. Neu ban d cap dp nay cang lau, ty le xin nghi viec cang
cap va tinh than lam viec cang xuong thap.
Ml VIEN KHOA HOC KY THUAT
BUD DIEN
17

PHU BAN:

NHA LANH DAO 360

Co rat nhieu ye'u to tac dong den kha nang lanh dao. Ban
phai tao ra quyen lanh dao voi moi nguoi ban gap. Ban 6 vi
tri nao tren cac cap do lanh dao phu thupc vao "tien su moi
quan he" giua ban voi nguoi do. Voi moi nguoi, ban phai
xuat phat tit cap do duoi cung trong nam cap do lanh dao.
Cap do dau tien la chuc vi. Ban chi co anh huong khi ban
co chuc vi. Chuc vi cua ban co the la cong nhan day chuyen
san xuat, tro ly hanh chinh, nhan vien ban hang, quan doc,
tro ly giam doc, v.v... Tu vi tri do, ban co quyen hanh nha't
dinh di kem voi chuc danh. Nhung neu ban chi sir dung
chtic vi de lanh dao mpi nguoi va khong lam gi them de
tang tarn anh huong cua minh, thi mpi nguoi di theo ban chi
vi hp phai theo. Chtic vi ciia ban cang tha'p, ban cang co it
quyen hanh. Nhung may man la ban co the tang tarn anh
huong cua minh vuot ra khoi chtic danh va dia vi. Ban co
the tien len cap dp lanh dao cao hon.
Neu ban tien len cap do thti hai, ban bat dau lanh dao vupt
ra ngoai chuc vi vi ban da xay dung dupe moi quan he voi
nhung nguoi ma ban muon lanh dao. Ban doi xti tir te'voi hp.
Ban ton trong ho voi tu each la con nguoi. Ban quan tarn den
ho, chit khong chi quan tarn den cong viec hp lam cho ban
hay cho to chuc. Boi vi ban quan tarn den hp, nen hp bat dau
tin tuong ban hon. Ket qua la hp dong y de ban lanh dao hp,
hay noi each khac, hp bat dau di theo ban vi hp muon.
Cap dp thii ba la cap dp dinh huong ket qua. Nho nhung
thanh tuu ban dat dupe trong cong viec, ban tien len cap dp

18

NHUNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

nay trong vai tro lanh dao cung voi nhung nguoi khac. Neu
ban dong gop vao thanh cong cua nhung nguoi ma minh
lanh dao, hp se ngav cang tin tuong vao vai tro lanh dao cua
ban. Hp di theo ban v i nhung gi ban da lam cho to chuc.
De dat den lanh dao cap dp thu tu, ban phai tap trung
phat trien nhung nguoi khac. Vi the, cap do nay dupe gpi la
cap dp phat trien con nguoi. Ban toan tarn toan y voi cac ca
nhan ban lanh dao: huong dan, giup do, phat trien ky nang
va boi duong nang luc lanh dao cua hp. Thuc chat, viec ban
dang lam la tai tao vai tro lanh dao. Ban tran trong, gia tang
gia tri cho hp. O cap do nay, ho di theo ban vi nhung dieu
ban lam cho ho.
Cuoi cung, cap do thu nam la cap dp vT nhan. Tuy nhien,
day la cap dp khong phai cu no luc he't minh la co the dat
den dupe. Boi vi cap dp nay khong nam trong tarn kiern soat
cua ban ma do nguoi khac quye't dinh. Ho dua ban toi cap
dp nay sau mot thoi gian dai ban lanh dao hp cue ky xuat
sac qua bon cap dp lanh dao. Ban da co dupe uy tin cua mot
lanh dao cap do thu nam.

VAN DE NAM 6 SU" BO TRI

CHL/ K H O N G P H A I V I T R I
Khi da hieu dupe cac ye'u to tac dong den kha nang gay
anh huong dua vao nam cap dp lanh dao, cac nha lanh dao
trien vpng nhan ra chuc vi va vai tro lanh dao dich thuc hau
nhu khong "dinh dang" gi voi nhau. Ban co nha't thiet phai
19

NHA LANH DAO 360

dung dau to chuc moi phat trien dupe moi quan he voi mpi
nguoi hay khien hp thich lam viec voi ban khong? Chuc
danh dung dau co giup ban dat dupe thanh tuu va giup
nhung nguoi khac lam viec nang
suat hon khong? Ban co can phai
Vai tro lanh dao la
do ban lua chon,
chit khong do vi tri
ban dang ngoi.
_

thanh CEO de huong dan nhan

vien thay dupe, nghl dupe va lam
dupe nhu cac lanh dao khong? Tat
g
khong. Kha nang gay anh

t r o

n h l

] a

huong toi nguoi khac la van de

nam ngoai chuc vi.

Ban co the lanh dao moi nguoi t u bat cu vi tri nao trong
to chuc. Viec do se giup to chuc tro nen tot hon. David
Branker, mot lanh dao cap trung cua to chuc da anh huong
toi moi nguoi trong nhieu nam va nay la uy vien ban quan
tri mot nha thd Ion, noi: "Ngoi khong 6 vi tri giua cua to
chuc gia tang ganh nang cho cac lanh dao dung dau. Cac
lanh dao cap trung cua to chiic co the tao ra anh huong Ion
lao toi to chuc."
Moi lTnh vuc cua to chiic deu phu thupc vao vai tro lanh
dao cua mot nguoi nao do. Diem mau chot la: Bat cu ai cung
co the lua chpn tro thanh lanh dao du 6 bat ky vi tri nao. Ban
co the tao ra su khac biet, khong quan trong ban 6 vi tri nao.

20

Net) N H A N

N G O

N H A N

#2

V E M U C

T I E U

"Khi nao tro thanh lanh dao,

toi se hoc each lanh

dao."

N a m 2003, Charlie Wetzel, thu ky cua toi, quye't tarn thi

chay marathon - uoc mo ma anh a'p u tu hon chuc
nam. Neu ban gap Charlie, ban se khong ngh! anh ay la mot
van dong vien dien kinh. Cac bai bao ve dien kinh cho biet 6
chieu cao 1,77 m, van dong vien nen nang khong qua 75 kg.
Charlie nang toi 93 kg. Nhung anh ay van deu dan chay tu
7,5 m den 12,5 m mot tuan va da tham gia hai hoac ba cuoc
thi 10.000 m mot nam. Charlie d u cuoc thi chay marathon
Chicago va no luc he't sue cho cuoc thi do.
Ban cho rang vao horn thi, Charlie dung 6 vach xuat phat
va noi: "Tat roi, da toi luc tim hieu xem chay marathon la
21

NHA LANH DAO 360

nhu the nao!" Tat nhien la khong phai vay. Anh ay da chuan
bi truoc c!6 mot nam. Anh doc cac bao cao ve nhung cuoc thi
marathon to chuc o My va biet cuoc thi marathon Chicago
(to chuc vao thang 10) co dieu kien thai tie't tuyet voi. Vong
chay cua cuoc thi nay cho phep van dong vien chay nhanh,
khong vupt rao, va cuoc thi co luc lupng co dong vien nhiet
tinh hon han cac giai marathon khac. Day la cuoc thi ly
tuong cho cac van dong vien marathon lan dau tham gia.
Charlie bat dau nghien a i u cac phuong phap tap dupt
cho cuoc thi. Anh doc cac bai bao. Anh tim kiem thong tin
tren cac trang web. Anh tro chuyen voi cac van dong vien
marathon. Tham chi, anh con rii mot nguoi ban da tham gia
hai cuoc thi marathon chay thi voi anh 6 Chicago vao
ngay 12/10. Charlie lao vao luyen tap. Anh bat dau tap luyen
tit giua thang 8, tang quang dudng chay hang tuan va cuoi
cung tien dan len 12,5 m mot lain. Ngay thi den gan, Charlie
da san sang va da hoan thanh phan thi.
Vai tro lanh dao cung giong nhu vay. Neu ban muon
thanh cong, ban can hoc nghe thuat lanh dao cang nhieu
cang tot truoc khi co chuc vi lanh dao. Trong nhung buoi
gap go xa giao, moi nguoi thuong hoi toi lam nghe gi. Mot
so nguoi to ra thich thu khi toi tra lai la viet sach va dien
thuye't. Hp hoi toi viet ve de tai gi. Khi toi noi la ve nghe
thuat lanh dao, co nhung phan ung rat buon cuoi nhu: "O!
Hay qua, khi nao toi tro thanh lanh dao, toi se doc sach cita
anh!" Dieu toi khong noi ra (nhung rat muon noi) la: "Neu
anh rung doc vai cuon sach toi viet, co the anh da tro thanh
lanh dao roi."
22

NHUNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

Nguoi ta hoc duoc nghe thuat lanh dao ngay ca trong
nhung hoan canh kho khan. Ban hay lanh dao that tot du o
bat ky vi tri nao vi day chinh la su chuan bi cho viec nhan
trach nhiem nhieu hon va nang ne hon. Tro thanh lanh dao
gioi la qua trinh hoc tap suot doi. Neu ban khong thu
nghiem cac ky nang lanh dao va ky nang ra quye't djnh cua
minh ngay khi chua gap nhieu kho khan, thi ban se rat de
gap kho khan khi 6 vi tri cao hon. Khi do, cai gia phai tra
cho sai lam rat dat, hau qua Ion hon, va so nguoi biet den
that bai cua ban cung rat Ion. Ban co the de dang khac phuc
nhung sai lam 6 quy mo nhd. Nhung khi o vi tri dung dau
thi sai lam cua ban se gay ton that nang ne cho to chuc va
anh huong nghiem trong toi uy tin cua minh.
Lam the nao de tro thanh con nguoi ma ban mo uc?
Ngay ru luc nay, ban hay bat dau hoc hoi each nghi, hoc tap
cac ky nang va phat trien cac thoi quen cua con nguoi ly
tuong do. That sai lam khi cu mo tuong "mot ngay nao do
khi minh tro thanh lanh dao" thay vi van dung ngay horn
nay, de chuan bi cho ngay mai. Hua'n luyen vien bong ro noi
tie'ng John Wooden da noi: "Co hoi den moi chuan bi la qua
muon." Neu ban muon la mot nha lanh dao thanh cong, hay
hoc each lanh dao truoc khi ban co mot chuc vi lanh dao.

23

HGt) H H A H

N G O

#3

N H A N

V E T A M A N H H l / C J N G
"Neu toi dung dau,
moi nguoi se di theo

toi."

ong thong Woodrow Wilson co nguoi quan gia luon

6

than van rang vp chong ba chang co chut danh tie'ng

nao. Mot horn, sau khi biet tin Bo truong Lao dong da tir
chuc, ba ta toi gap ngai Tong thong.
Ba noi: "Tong thong Wilson, chong toi la ung cir vien hoan

hao cho vi tri con trong. Ong ay la nguoi lao dong, biet ro lao

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) la Tong thong My thii 28.

24

NHUNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

dong la the nao va hieu nhung nguoi lao dong. Xin ngai hay
chie'u co den ong ay khi ngai chi dinh bo truong moi."
Wilson tra l o t "Toi danh gia cao su tien cu ciia ba, nhung
ba nen nha: Bp truong Lao dong la mot chuc vu quan trong.
Vi tri nay can mot nguoi co tarn anh huong."

"Nhung", ba quan gia noi, "neu

ngai cho chong toi lam Bp truong
Ban co the ban cho
*> ~,<
, . -
, . ,
Lao dong, ong ay se la neuoi co tarn
at ao mot chuc vu,
, , . , ,
.
, ' , , ' . anh huong!
nhung ban khong the

ban cho nguoi do vai

Nguoi khong co kinh nghiem
tro lanh dao that su.
lanh dao co khuynh huong danh
Tarn anh huong phai
g
duoc gay dung.
,^

- cua ba quan gia cua Tong thong

Wilson. Ba tuong rang vai tro lanh
dao la "mon qua" ma mot nguoi quyen the nhu Tong thong
Wilson co the ban tang cho bat cu ai. Tarn anh huong khong
dien ra nhu vay. Ban co the ban cho ai do mot chuc vu,
nhung ban khong the ban cho nguoi do vai tro lanh dao that
su. Tarn anh huong phai dupe gay dung.
T

g i a

c a o

n h

t r o n g

c h f n h

c h l i c

h ( ? p

Chuc vu trao cho ban co hpi thu nghiem nang luc lanh
dao cua minh. No yeu cau mpi nguoi chap nhan ban "vo
dieu kien" trong mot thoi gian. Du vay, toi mpt thoi diem
nha't dinh, ban se dat dupe mpt muc dp anh huong, hoac tot
han hoac xa'u di. Lanh dao gioi se co dupe tarn anh huong
vupt ra ngoai chuc vu. Lanh dao toi se lam mat dan tarn anh
huong ban dau. Hay nhd rang, chuc vu khong tao ra lanh
dao, nhung lanh dao tao ra chuc vu.
25

NGO N H A N

N G O
V E

#4

N H A N

S i / T H I E U K I N H

N G H I E M

"Khi nao dung dau, toi se lanh dao."

an da bao gia tuyen bo vdi nguoi khac nhu the nay:

"Anh biet day, neu toi lanh dao, chung ta se khong lam
the nay, ma cung khong lam the kia. Moi viec se khac han
neu toi la sep"? Neu ban tung noi vay, toi se cho ban biet
mot tin tot va mpt tin xa'u. Tin tot la: Khat khao cai thien to
chuc va su tin tuong vao nang luc ban than thudng la
nhung dau hieu cua mot nha lanh dao. Andy Stanley, muc
su cao cap cua Nha tho cong dong North Point tung noi:
"Neu anh la lanh dao va cac lanh dao lam viec cho anh, hp
nghT hp co the thuc hien cong viec tot hon anh. Hp cung chi

26

NHfJNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

thuc hien (giong nhu anh thuc hien). Va dieu do chSng co gi
la sai ca; day don gian la nang luc lanh dao". Khat khao doi
moi, cai thien, sang tao va tim toi phuong thuc hieu qua hon
la nhung dac trung cua tat ca cac lanh dao.
Con day la tin xa'u: Do thie'u kinh nghiem lam nguoi
dung dau to chuc, ban co le da danh gia qua cao quyen hanh
minh se co duoc khi diing dau. Ban cang tien len vi tri cao
hon va to chuc cung cang Ion hon, ban cang nhan ra rang co
rat nhieu nhan to kiem soat to chuc. Khi dung dau, ban can
tap hop tung "mau nho" anh huong. Chuc vu khong cho
ban toan bo quyen hanh hay bao ve ban.
Khi toi dang viet cuon sach nay, mot cau chuyen vira
duoc dang tren ban tin kinh doanh, cung cap mpt vi du
minh hpa cho thuc te nay. Ban chac khong la gi Carly
Fiorina. Ba dupe coi la mot trong nhung giam doc dieu hanh
xuat sac nha't. Nam 1998, tap chi Fortune binh chpn ba la n u
giam doc dieu hanh quyen luc nha't nuoc My. Vao thoi diem
do, ba la Chu rich cua Lucent Technologies' Global Service
Provider Business. Khong lau sau, ba tro thanh CEO cua
Hewlett-Packard, khi do la cong ty Ion thu 11 6 My.
Nam 2002, Fiorina thuc hien mot su chuyen bien Ion vai
hy vpng se mang den thanh cong rue ro cho HewlettPackard. Ba dan xe'p vu sap nhap giua Hewlett-Packard va
Compaq de canh tranh vai doi thu lan la Dell. Nhung hai
nam sau vu sap nhap, doanh thu va lpi nhuan khong dupe
nhu mong dpi. Du the^ den cuoi thang 12 nam 2004, Fiorina
vkn lac quan ve tuong lai cua minh. Khi duoc hoi ve tin don
27

NHA LANH DAO 360"

ba sap re sang nghiep chi'nh tri, ba tra \m: "Toi la CEO cua
Hewlett-Packard. Toi yeu cong ty. Toi yeu cong viec - va toi
chua dinh ket thuc". Hai thang sau, Hoi dong Quan tri ciia
Hewlett-Packard yeu cau ba tu chuc.
NghT rang cuoc song "m dinh cao" that d l dang la nghi
rang co ben nha hang xom xanh hon. 6 vi tri lanh dao co
nhung kho khan va thach thuc rieng. Trong nghe thuat lanh
dao - ban o vi tri nay trong to chuc khong quan trong diem ma'u chot luon la tarn anh huong.

28

MGO M H A M

N G O

N H A N

#5

V E T l /

D O

"Khi b vi tri cao nha't,

toi se khong

con hi han

cheniia."

oi khi, toi cho rang moi nguoi co quan niem sai lam ve

vai tro lanh dao. Nhieu nguoi hy vpng vai tro lanh
dao la tarn ve den voi tu do. No se cung cap moi giai phap
cho tat ca nhung kho khan chuyen mon va thao go moi rac
roi trong cong viec. Nhung a vi tri cao nha't khong phai la
"than dupe" tri bach benh.
Ban da bao gio ap u y tuong rang khi tro thanh lanh dao,
cuoc doi ban se buoc sang trang mdi? Nhung y tuong nhu
the co xuat hien nhieu lan trong dau ban khong?
29

NHA LANH DAO 360

Khi toi dat den vi tri cao nha't, toi se lam duoc viec do.
Khi toi leo hit bac thang danh vong, toi se co thai gian nghi ngoi.
Khi toi so him cong ty, toi co the lam gi tuy thich.
Kin toi lanh dao, chi co bait trm la gioi han...
Bat a i ai da so huu mot cong ty hay rung lanh dao mpt to
chiic deu biet rang nhung y nghi do chi la tuong tuong. Tro
thanh lanh dao khong loai bo hoan toan tat ca han che, cung
khong dich chuyen dupe gioi han kha nang cua ban. Du ban
co lam cong viec gi hay nam giu chuc vu nao thi ban van se
co nhung gioi han. Cuoc song la nhu vay.
Khi ban 6 vi tri cao trong to chuc, ganh nang trach nhiem
cua ban cang tang. O nhieu to chuc, trach nhiem cua ban con
tang nhanh hon quyen han ban nhan dupe. Cang "len cao",
ban cang dupe ky vpng nhieu hon, vi the, sue ep cung Ion
hon va cac quyet dinh ban dua ra cung quan trong hon. Ban
phai can nhac nhung dieu do.
De hieu ro qua trinh dien ra nhu the nao, hay gia su ban
lam 6 bp phan ban hang. Ban rat gioi ban hang. Ban ban dupe
hang va quan he tot voi khach hang. Ban mang ve cho cong ty
5 trieu do-la thu nhap moi nam. La nhan vien ban hang, ban
luon dupe tu do. Ban lam viec theo lich cua minh. Giong nhu
nhung nhan vien ban hang khac, ban co the lam viec 6 nha.
Ban muon lam viec luc 5 gio sang hay 10 gio dem deu dupe,
mien la ban phuc vu khach hang va cong ty that tot. Ban thoai
mai lam mpi viec theo phong each cua rieng minh. Neu chang
may pham sai lam, ban co the de dang khlc phuc.

30

NHtTNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

Ban duoc thang chuc truong phong kinh doanh, phu trach
nua ta nhan vien ban hang. Bay gio ban bi han che hon truoc
day. Ban khong the sap xe'p lich theo y minh boi ban phai lam
viec xoay quanh ke hoach cua sau nhan vien kia vi ho con
phai lam viec voi khach hang cua ho. Neu ban la lanh dao
gioi, ban se khuyeh khich moi nguoi trong nhom lam viec
theo phong each neng de phat huy toi da kha nang. Viec do
khieh ban cang vat va hon. Them vao do la ap luc tai chinh
cho vi tri ngay cang tang vi ban phai chiu trach nhiem vai
cong ty ve doanh thu ban hang, gia su la 25 trieu do-la.
Neu ban tiep rue duoc thang chuc giam doc bo phan, thi
cang co nhieu yeu cau danh cho ban. Ban phai lam viec vai
rat nhieu phong ban khac, moi phong ban lai co nhung van
de, kieu ky nang va van hoa rieng. Lanh dao gioi den voi
nhan vien, ket noi, tim diem chung va trao quyen de ho thanh
cong. Vi vay, tren mot so phuong dien, cang 6 vi tri cao, lanh
dao cang mat dan tu do, chu khong he duoc tang them.
Q u y e n Idi

Trach nhiem

31

NHA LANHDAO360

Khi giang ve nghe thuat lanh dao, toi thuong su dung

mo hinh tren de giup cac lanh dao trien vong nhan ra
quyen lpi cua ho giam di chu khong tang len khi ho thang
tien trong to chuc.
Khach hang co nhieu tu do nha't va gan nhu co the lam
bat cu dieu gi ho muon. Hp khong co trach nhiem that sir
nao voi to chuc. Cong nhan co nhieu nghia vu hon. Lanh
dao nhieu hon nua, va boi vay, t u do cua hp bi han che. Do
la han che hp san sang lua chpn, nhung chinh hp lai bi su
"tu nguyen" cua minh han che. Neu ban muon thuc day
gioi han hieu qua cua minh, chi co mpt giai phap tot nha't,
la hoc each lanh dao de vupt ra khoi gioi han kha nang cua
chinh minh.

32

HGO M H A M

N G O

N H A N

#6

V E K H A

N A N G

"Chi khi tro thanh lanh dao cao nhat,

toi moi co the phat huy tot da kha

nang."

o bao nhieu dua tre rung noi: "Chau udc Ion len se tro

thanh pho tong thong My"? Co le la khong ai. Neu co

tham vpng chinh tri, no muon lam tong thong. Neu co khieu
kinh doanh, no muon lam chu cong ty hay CEO. Hiem co ai
mo uoc dat toi vi tri giua. Cach day vai nam, Monster.com,
dich vu tim viec lam true tuyeh, da gieu cot y tuong nay

bang each tung mot doan quang cao tren tivi chieu canh
nhung dua be tuyen bo dai loai nhu: "Ldn len, chau muon
ngoi sip xep tai lieu ca ngay" va "Chau muon tro thanh nha
quan ly cap trung".

33

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Tuy nhien, tren thuc te, hau he't moi nguoi khong bao gio
tro thanh lanh dao dung dau trong to chuc. Hp danh trpn su
nghiep cua minh o vi tri giua. Dieu do co on khong? Hay
mpi nguoi nen c gang dat duoc vi tri cao nhat?
Mpi nguoi nen phan dau dat toi dinh cao nghe nghiep,
chu khong phai dinh cao ciia to chuc. Moi chung ta nen lam
viec de phat huy toi da kha nang cua minh, chu khong nhat
thiet la de chie'm mpt vi tri trong to chuc. Doi khi, ban co the
gay duoc anh huong Ion nha't khong phai tu vi tri quan
trong nha't. Pho Tong thong Dick
Cheney la mot minh chung tuyet
Moi ngubi nen phan
^
^
'
dau dat ten dmli cao
, , .
^
, . ...
, ,
, , chmh t n xuat sac: Tham muu
nghe nghiep cua no, chu
khong phai dinh cao

* ***t duoi thoi

cua to chuc.
Tong thong Gerald Ford, sau nhiem
ky lam Ha nghi si ciia bang
Wyoming, Bo truong Quoc phong
duoi thoi Tong thong George H . W. Bush va Pho Tong
y

t r u 6 n

c 6

thong cua Tong thong George W. Bush. Ong co tat ca pham

chat cua mpt ung cu vien tong thong My. Nhung ong biet 6
vi tri cao nha't khong phai la vai tro tot nha't ciia minh. Mpt
bai bao tren tap chi Times viet ve Cheney nhu sau:
Khi Richard Bruce Cheney (ten day du cua Dick Cheney) con la cau hoc
sink truong trung hoc Natrona County d Casper, bang Wyoming, cau la
mft cau thu bong dd cir kiwi, chu tich hoi smh vien khbi 12 va la mot hoc

sinh leai kha. Nhung cau khong phai la ngoi sao... Kin dao, khong noi bat
ho tro mot nguoi ban noi bat hon, "dung mui chiu sao" khi duoc yeu cau

34

NHUNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

- do la vai tro ma Dick Cheney da the hien suot cuoc doi. Trong suot cluing
duong sit nghiep cua minh, thanh cong ciia Cheney bat nguon tir ky nang
tuyet voi cua nipt nha co van than trong, hieu qua, trung thanh cho cac
lanh dao cao hon minh. Ong tieng co y dinh thay doi so phan cua minh, do
la nam 1996 khi ong tranh cu chuc tong thong. Tliay vi nhan lot min lain
viec, ong tinh se nghi hint, di cau va sdn ban. Nluaig George W. Bush co
mpt ke hoqch khac: dua Cheney tro lai vai tro xuat sac nhat ciia minh.
Nguoi vo ciia ong, Lynne Cheney, tung noi vai Time: "Ong ay chua bao
gio nghi day se la cong viec cua ong ay. Nlnmg neu nhin lai toan bp su
nghiep ciia ong, tat cd deu giup chuan bi cho cong vice nay."
Cheney da phat huy toi eta kha nang cua minh tren cuong
vi pho tong thong, mpt vi tri rat it nguoi dat lam muc tieu
phan dau ca doi. Ong lam viec cue ky hieu qua va man
nguyen. Mary Kay Hill, phu ta lau nam cho cuu Thupng
nghi si bang Wyoming, Alan Simpson, va tung lam viec vdi
Cheney 6 Doi Capitol nhan xet: "Ong ay rat biet each thich
nghi va lam chu hoan canh." Cheney la hinh mau tuyet vdi
cua nha lanh dao 360, mpt nguoi biet each gay anh huong
tdi nguoi khac tu bat ky chuc vu nao ong nam giu.

35

NGO N H A N

#1

N G O N H A N V E V I E C

D l / O C A N C A , N G A V E K H O N G "
"Neu toi khong the dat duoc vi tri
cao nhat thi toi se khong

cogang."

ien canh nao se hien ra khi ban dat v i t r i cao nhat to

chuc, hay tro thanh nha lanh dao? Tren thuc te, hau
he't moi nguoi se khong bao gio tro thanh CEO. Phai
chang dieu do dong nghia voi viec ho nen t u bo luon viec
lanh dao?
Mot so nguoi da lam vay. Ho quan sat to chuc, biet rang
se khong bao gio co the dat duoc v i tri cao nhat, ho lien tu
bo. Thai do cua ho la: "Neu toi khong the lam dpi truong
cua dpi bong, toi se mang bong cua minh ve nha."
36

NHLJNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

Nhung nguoi con lai tham gia vao quy trinh lanh dao
nhung cam thay nan chi vi chuc vu cua minh trong to chuc.
Tai sao ho lai nhu vay? Boi vi ho dinh nghTa thanh cong
nghia la 6 v i tri cao nhat. Vi the^ ho tin rang khong 6 vi tri
cao nhat, nghia la ho khong thanh cong. Noi chan chuong
dai dang co the khien ho vo mong, cay dang va bi quan. Khi
do, thay vi giup ich cho ban than va to chuc, ho bieh minh
thanh "chuong ngai vat".
Nhung, nhung nguoi do lam dlrpc dieu gi tot neu hp chi
dung ben ngoai?
Hay nghien cuu truong hop ciia sau nhan vat duoc tap
chi Fortune thang 8/2005 ngoi ca la nhung anh hung tham
lang ciia phong trao dan quyen. Nhung nguoi nay khong di
dieu hanh hay ngoi bieu tinh d quay ban do an. Su dong gop
va chie'n truong ciia hp la 6 cac cong ty My. Hp tro thanh
giam doc dieu hanh ciia cac cong ty nhu Exxon, Phillilp
Morris, Marriott va General Foods.
Clifton Wharton, CEO da den dau tien ciia mpt cong ty
Ion (TIAA-CREF), noi: "Gordon Parks da co su bieu ip that
tuyet voi, 'su lua chpn vu khi". Khi chie'n dau, ban luon chpn
lua v u khi. Mpt so nguoi trong chiing ta da lua chpn chie'n
dau 6 ben trong."
Khi Wharton va nhung nguoi tien phong nhu Darwin
Davis, James Avery, Lee Archer, James "Bud" Ward va
George Lewis tham gia vao cac cong ty M y trong nhung
nam 1950 va 1960, dieu khien ho nghi minh phai tro thanh
CEO ciia Equitable, Exxon, General Foods, Marriott va
37

NHALANH DAO 360

Phillip Morris la gi? Ho khong co nhieu co hoi. Nhung ngay
dau o Esso (nay la Exxon), Avery tham chi con khong duoc
dung chung phong ve sinh va voi nude nhu nhung ngudi
khac. Nhung muc tieu cua ong la lanh dao. Khat vong do
phan nao the hien khi ong lua chpn nghe nghiep daiu tien la
day hoc. Nam 1956, ong chuyen nghe khi mot giam doc dieu
hanh cua Esso tie'p can ong.
Avery noi: "Toi yeu nghe giao vien nhung neu toi co the
mac ao so mi, that ca vat va lam viec cho mot tap doan ldn
thi sao nhi? Lam cong viec do se quan trong hon nhieu."
Mac cho nhung can tro va dinh kie'n, Avery thanh cong tren
cuong vi lanh dao, tro thanh Pho Chu hch cao cap cua Esso.
Ong nghi huu nam 1986.
Bud Ward co cau chuyen tuong tu. Ong ve huu khi la
Pho Chu tich cao cap ciia Marriott. Khi Bill Marriott tuyen
ong vao lam, Ward tro thanh pho chii tich da den dau tien
trong nganh kinh doanh khach san. Suot 20 nam lam lanh
dao d Marriott, ong da md 350 khach san, giup khuech
truong he thong khach san Marriott va giam sat nhom cong
nghe thong tin ciia cong ty.
Ward y thuc dupe tarn anh huong ciia minh. Ong noi:
"Do la cuoc tan cong h i hai phia. Cac anh xudng dudng dieu
hanh, noi gian, la d. nhung cac anh cung can co ai do lam noi
ling de 'thong dich' dieu do cho nhung ngudi ma cac anh
dang co gang tiep can. Toi coi day la vai tro ciia minh."
Nhung viec sau nhan vat nay va nhieu ngudi khac lam da
co anh huong lau dai. Trong to Fortune so ngay horn ay con
38

NHlfNG NGO NHAN CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG

co mot phan dac biet, do la ly lich cua nhung ngudi My goc
Phi, ngudi Latinh va ngudi My goc A co anh huong nha't
nuoc My. Phan ldn nhung ngudi trong danh sach la cac
CEO, chu hch, sang lap vien cua cac to chuc. Nhung chuc vu
do se rat kho dat dupe neu khong cd nhung ngudi di truoc
va lanh dao xuat sac.
Ban khong can tro thanh ngudi dung dau de tao ra su khac
biet. Vai tro lanh dao khong phai la mpt van de "dupe an ca,
nga ve khong". Neu ban thay chan nan vi khong dupe dung
daiu, dung bo cupc. Tai sao u? Vi ban co the gay anh huong tii
bat ky vi tri nao trong to chuc, ngay ca khi ban phai duong
dau vdi nhieu trd ngai, nhu sau nhan vat tren da lam.
La mot lanh dao cap trung, ban se gap nhieu thu thach. Song
ban cd the hoc each cheo lai vupt qua chung. De tro thanh nha
lanh dao 3600 hieu qua, ban phai nam dupe cac nguyen tac va
ky nang lanh dao cap tren, dong cap va cap dudi. Nhung
nguyen tic va ky nang do hoan toan co the hoc dupe.
Toi tin rang mpi ca nhan deu co the trd thanh nha lanh
dao gioi du d bat ky vi tri nao. Hay nang cao nang luc lanh
dao de co the gay anh hudng len to chuc cua minh. Ban co
the thay doi cupc song cua mpi ngudi. Ban cd the trd thanh
ngudi gia tang gia tri. Ban co the hoc each gay anh hudng toi
mpi nguoi o mpi vi tri trong to chuc - ngay ca khi ban khong
bao gid dat dupe vi tri cao nha't. Bang each giup do nguoi
khac, ban co the giup do chinh minh.
Diem xuat phat la hoc each vupt qua nhung thach thuc
ma mpi nha lanh dao 360 phai duong dau.
39

NHA LANH DAO 360"

TOM TAT CHlXONG I:

NHUNG NGO NHAN
CUA NHA LANH DAO CAP TRUNG
Ban torn tat bay ngo nhan thuong gap 6 cac lanh dao cap
trung cua to chtic:
NGO N H A N #1: Ngo nhan ve chtic vi
NGO N H A N #2: Ngo nhan ve muc tieu
NGO N H A N #3: Ngo nhan ve tarn anh huong
NGO N H A N #4: Ngo nhan ve su thieu kinh nghiem
NGO N H A N #5: Ngo nhan ve tu do
NGO N H A N #6: Ngo nhan ve kha nang
NGO N H A N #7: Ngo nhan ve viec
"Duoc an ca, nga ve khong"
Ban dang vupt qua bay ngp nhan nay nhu the nao?

40

N H L f N G T H A C H
N H A
P H A I

L A N H

T H l / C

D A O

D l / O N G

360

D A U

eu ban la mot lanh dao cap trung cua to chuc thi ban

dang co mot cong viec day thu thach. Toi da gap nhieu
lanh dao cap trung chan nan, cang thang va doi khi muon bo
cuoc. Toi nghe ho noi nhung dieu dai loai nhu: "Co vat va co
gSng the nao, toi cung chang di den dau." "Toi luon ban khoan
khong hieu cong viec do co dang phai vat va the'khong."
Neu toi va ban ngoi noi chuyen voi nhau trong vai phut,
ban se liet ke it nha't nua ta van de ma ban dang phai doi mat
khi lanh dao tu vi tri giua cua to chuc. Nhung ban co biet
rang nhung dieu khien ban nan long cung lam nan long hau
41

NHA LANH DAO 360"

het lanh dao cap trung khac? Tat ca nhung ai no luc lanh dao
tu vi tri giua cua to chuc deu doi mat voi nhung thach thuc
chung. Khong phai chi mot minh ban nghi vay.
Nhu toi da de cap, co hoi tot nha't de giup ban va to chuc
la tro thanh nha lanh dao 360. Tuy nhien, truoc khi nghien
ciiu nhung nguyen tac ma nha lanh dao 360 can luyen tap
de lanh dao cap tren, dong cap va cap duoi, toi cho rang ban
phai lam quen voi bay thach thuc pho bie'n nha't ma cac lanh
dao cap trung thudng phai duong dau. Xac dinh va nhan ra
chung se giup ban tro thanh lanh dao gioi mac du ban
khong phai la lanh dao cao nha't.
Toi tin rang cac thu thach se "cong huong" vdi ban, va
ban se thay chinh minh dang noi: "Co len nao!" Tat nhien,
toi se dua ra mot so goi y de giup ban, boi vi viec nhan ra
cac thach thuc se rat it gia tri neu thie'u nhung bien phap.
Ban hay doc tie'p de cd the giai quye't mot so van de va san
sang trd thanh nha lanh dao 360.

42

T H A C H T H U C #1

Si/ C A N G

T H A N G

Ap luc cua viec bi ket 6giua

BI QUYET Vl/OT QUA SIT" CANG THANG:

Hoc lanh dao bat chap nhung trd ngai

ot trong nhung dieu kho khan nha't khi trd thanh lanh

dao cap trung la ban khong biet chac minh dang dung
6 dau. La lanh dao, ban co sue manh va quyen hanh. Ban co
the ra mot so quye't dinh. Ban co quyen su dung mpt so tai
nguyen. Ban co the ra lenh cho nhan vien hanh dong va chi
dao ho trong cong viec. Nhung dong thoi, ban lai thieu quyen
han 6 nhung pham vi khac. Neu ban vupt qua quyen han,

ban se gay ra rac roi that su cho minh.

43

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Ngudi ban va cung la dong nghiep cua toi, Dan Reiland,
goi truong hop nay la "ap luc cua viec cam thay nhu co tat
ca quyen luc va khong co chut quyen nao". Neu ban khong
phai la lanh dao cao nhat, ban khong duoc nam quyen dieu
hanh, nhung ban co the phai chiu trach nhiem cho viec ay.
Ngay ca khi ban cho rang minh cd tarn nhin va ky nang de
dua to chuc len mot tarn cao mdi, ban cung khong co quyen
tu minh tao ra thay doi do neu dieu do doi hoi to chuc phai
di theo hudng khac vdi hudng hien tai. Va dieu do co the
khien ban cam thay minh dang bi mac ket d giua.
Vdi tu each la lanh dao cap trung ciia to chuc, quyen luc
ban co khong phai thuoc sd huu ciia ban. Tru phi ban la ong
chu hay CEO ciia cong ty, neu khong thi quyen luc ban co
chi la muon ciia mot ngudi co quyen luc Ion hon. Va ngudi
do cd the tudc he't quyen hanh ciia ban bang each sa thai,
giang chuc hay chuyen ban sang mot cong viec khac. Viec
do se tao ra su cang thang cho ban.

NHUNG YEU TO TAC DONG

LEN S I / CANG T H A N G
Nhung ngudi dang cd gang lanh dao hi vj tri giua trong
to chuc khong trai qua su cang thang giong nhau. Tinh khi
va nang lux cua nha lanh dao la nguyen nhan tao nen su
khac biet do. Them vao do, each thuc su cang thang tac dong
tdi ngudi lanh dao bi anh hudng bdi nam yeu t o d u d i day:

44

NHUNG THACH THUC.

1. Su trao quyen - Cap t r e n trao cho ban bao nhieu
quyen han va trach nhiem? Cac d u o n g loi ro rang n h u
t h e nao?
Trong cuon It's Your Ship (Do la con tau cua ban), cum
thuyen truong hai quan D. Michael Abrashoff thuat lai viec
ong da su dung su trao quyen de cai thien each lam viec cua
cac thuv thu tau U.S.S. Benfold.
Khi toi chi huy Benfold, toi nhan ra rang khong co ai, ke ca toi, du kha
nang dua ra moi quyet dinh. Toi plidi dao tao cac thity thu de ho co the
tie minh suy nghi vii danh gia. Trao quyen nghia Id xdc dinh nhung
pham vi ma trong do moi ngudi dupe phep hoat dong va tu do hoat dong.
Nhung tie do den miec nao? Dau la gioi han ?
Bat cu khi nao mpt quyet dinh co the dan den hqu qua la lam hai ai do,
phi pham tien ciia nhung nguoi nop time, hay lam hong con tau, nguoi
ra quyet dinh phai xin y kien toi. Tru nhung bat trdc do ra, ede thity thu
dupe quyen tu quyet dinh. Ngay ca khi nhung quyet dinh do la sai lam,
toi van dieng ve phia ho. Hy vpng la hp se hoc duoc tu sai lam do. Cang
dupe trao nhieu trach nhiem, hp cang hoc hoi duoc nhieu.
Khong phai ai cung duoc tu do de thanh cong va an toan
neu that bai giohg nhu nhung thuy thu cua Abrashoff. Chu
truong ve quyen han va trach nhiem duoc xac dinh ro rang
nhu the nao tac dong rat Ion toi each chung ta cam thay su
cang thang nang ne ra sao. Chu truong cang mo ho, kha
nang bi cang thang cang Ion.
Neu ban lanh dao mot to chuc tinh nguyen giohg nhu toi,
thi ban se nhan thay cac lanh dao cao cap va cac doanh nhan
45

NHA LANH DAO 360

thudng chiu dung cang thang khi hp budc ra khoi the gioi
kinh doanh va lam tinh nguyen. Khi la lanh dao dung dau,
hp quen voi viec quyen han tuong xiing voi trach nhiem. Ho
de ra tarn nhin, phuong huong va thuc day mpi viec. Khi hp
tinh nguyen phuc vu to chuc, hp khong con quyen han, hp
thay don dieu va te nhat voi vi tri giua cua to chuc. Nhieu
nguoi khong biet phai lam gi trong hoan canh do (Dieu nay
dac biet dung khi hp co nang luc lanh dao gioi hon nguoi
dang dieu hanh to chuc tinh nguyen). Nhieu lanh dao phan
ung lai bang each cd gianh quyen lanh dao to chuc hoac lam
theo y ho- Nhung ngudi khac bd cupc va quay trd ve the gidi
ma hp biet ro nha't.
2. Chu <J0ng - Lam the' nao d ^ cSn being giua chu d n g
va khdng vuot qua ranh gioi cua minh?
Cac lanh dao gioi hiem khi
nghi ve nhung ranh gidi, thay
Cac lanh dao gioi hiem
vao do, hp nghi ve nhung co hoi.
khi nghi ve nhung
Hp la nhung ngudi khoi xudng.
ranh gi&i^ thay vao do,
A

g ' 6' mot

ho n?hi ve nhiin? co hoi.
> ,~ , *
> i ..'
*
cua lanh dao la kha nang khien

mpi viec xay ra. Doi khi khat

khao khoi xudng viec gi do
khien hp md rpng trach nhiem va pham v i ciia minh. Nhung
Ian khac, khat khao do gay ra xung dot vdi nhung ngudi
lanh dao hp.
X

c u n g /

c d i

1 U

Ban can nhan ra rang khat khao khdi xudng mpt viec ciia
minh cang manh me bao nhieu thi kha nang bi cang thang
46

NHUNG THACH THUC

lai cang lan bay nhieu. Neu ban lien tuc dich chuyen nhung
gidi han, ban rat de lam cho nhung ngudi khac buc minh.
Tuy nhien, neu ban lam viec trong mpt moi truong ma lanh
dao cac cap deu dupe trao quyen, mpi ngudi se bo qua viec
ban thach thuc quy trinh thuc hien cong viec. Tuy nhien,
neu ban thach thuc tarn nhin hay quyen luc cua cac lanh
dao, ban se chuyen tu viec bi ket d giua sang viec bi dung d
ben ngoai va phai kiem mpt cong viec khac.
3. M6i trifdng - Diem cot 161 trong vai tro lanh dao cua
t 6 chuc va nguoi lanh dao la gi?
Moi to chuc co moi truong dac trung cua rieng minh.
Neu ban xuat than tu quan dpi, ban khong the budc vao mot
moi truong doanh nghiep va mong no hoat dong giong nhu
quan doi hay hai quan. Neu ban da tung lam d mpt tap doan
ldn, sau do lam viec cho mpt cong ty gia dinh, ban se gap
khd khan neu khong thich nghi dupe. Do la le thudng.
Tuong tu, mpt to chuc mang ca tinh cua ngudi lanh dao.
Diem cot loi trong vai trd lanh dao con tau Benfold da thay
doi dudi su dieu hanh cua Abrashoff. Ong muon tao ra mpt
moi truong trao quyen, noi su chu dong va quyen lam chii
dupe de cao. Nhung ngudi bieu thi nhung net dac trung do
dupe khen thudng. Chung nao Abrashoff con chi huy, moi
truong cua con tau con bieu hien nhung dac diem do.
Neu ban la mpt lanh dao cap trung cua doanh nghiep,
hay danh gia moi trudng cua ban. No la moi truong tang
them hay giam bdt su cang thang? Ban cd the phat trien
trong kieu moi trudng ban dang song vdi muc cang thang
47

NHA LANH DAO 360"

hien tai khong? Khia canh tich cue cua to chuc co nhieu hon
anh huong tieu cue cua moi trudng doi voi ban khong? Mot
moi trudng co the tot cho lanh dao nay nhung lai khong tot
cho lanh dao khac. Chi ban mdi cd the tu danh gia ban than.
4. Gioi han c6ng vlc - Ban blSf. ro v cdng vlc cua
minh va each thuc hin no?
Ban da bao gio de y tdi muc do cang thang phai trai qua
khi bat dau mot cong viec mdi? Muc do do kha cao? Cong
viec cang it quen thupc, su cang thang cang ldn. Neu ban
khong biet lam no the nao, ban se bi cang thang ngay ca khi
ban la ngudi hoc nhanh va ham hoc hoi. Tham chi khi ban
biet each lam viec roi ma khong biet moi ngudi trong doi gi
d minh, ban se khong co nen tang vung chac. Chi khi nao
ban that su nam chac va lam tot cong viec thi su cang thang
cua viec d vi tri giua mdi giam.
5. Danh gia cao - Ban c6 th^ s6ng thleu danh
tie'ng khdng?
Thuc te cua viec lanh dao tu vi tri giua cua to chuc la
ban se khdng dupe nhieu ngudi biet tdi va danh gia cao
nhu nhung lanh dao dung dau. Ban cang khao khat co
dupe danh tie'ng va su cdng nhan, ban cang de nan long khi
phai lam viec d v j tri giua cua to chuc. Ban can t u quyet
dinh xem minh co the thoai mai tie'p tuc d vi tri cua minh
hay khong.

48

NHUNG THACH THUG...

CACH GIAM BOT THACH THUC
VE SU" CANG T H A N G
Chi nhan ra lanh dao tir vi tri cap trung rat cang thang
hay chi de ton tai deu chu a du. Muon phat trien, ban can hoc
each giam bat su cang thang. Duoi day la nam gpi y:
1. Tro nen thoal mai vol v| tri cap trung
Chung ta thudng nghi lanh dao tu vi tri hang dau se de
dang hon. Thuc tela lanh dao tu vi tri giua mdi de dang hon
neu cap tren ciia ban la mot lanh dao gidi. Nhung lanh dao
gioi giao cong viec cho nhan vien, tao dong luc cho toan bo
to chuc. Ban cd thay nhung lanh dao trung binh hoac dudi
muc trung binh thanh cong bdi ho la mpt phan ciia mpt to
chuc dupe lanh dao xuat sac khong? Ban chua tung thay
dong nghiep nao thanh cdng vupt muc nhd su ho tro cua
cap tren? Khi ban co nhung lanh dao xuat sac, ban khdng
can nhieu ky nang va cong sue de hoan thanh cong viec. Ban
cd lai tu moi dieu hp thuc hien. Vi vay, tai sao khong tan
hudng nhung loi ich do va hoc hoi t u hp? Toi rat tarn dac
vdi bai the dudi day ciia Helen Laurie:
Toi thueng bi bat lam bdi kiem tra
De tan dung dieu lot nhat ciia ngudi tot thie nhi.
Roi mpt ngay tdi tinh giac va thay
Tot thie nhi la dieu tdi nhat cho toi.

49

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Vi tri giua la mot noi tuyet voi khi ban tin tuong tain nhin
cua to chuc va lanh dao. Vay thi ban nen lam gi de thay
thoai mai voi vi tri giua? Su thoai mai la "dao ham" cua su
ky vpng. Hinh dung cang khac voi thuc te bao nhieu, ban
cang that vpng bay nhieu. Hay trinh bay nhung khiic mac
vdi sep. Ban cang biet ro sep trong dpi gi d ban, dieu gi la
binh thudng trong to chiic va ban co bao nhieu quyen hanh,
ban se cang thay thoai mai.
2. Biet nen lam gi va khdng nen lam gi
Duong 161 trach nhiem rd rang la thu hieu qua nhat giup
mpt ngudi thoat khoi su cang thang. Nam 1981, trudc ngay
nham chuc muc su trudng Nha thd Skyline d California, toi
rim hieu nhung thu toi phai dich than chju trach nhiem. Tdi
yeu cau cac thanh vien ban quan tri lap mpt danh sach van
tat nhung viec toi phai lam ma khong ai lam thay dupe.
Trong danh sach co bon viec sau:

Chiu trach nhiem cum cung. Toi phai chiu trach nhiem
ve bat cu chuyen gi xay ra trong nha thd;

La nguoi truyen dat chinh. Toi quyet dinh ndi dung can
truyen dat trong buoi Ie va phai giang kinh hau he't cac
ngay chu nhat;

La ngudi dai dien chinh ciia nha thd. Toi la bp mat va

tie'ng ndi quan trong nha't ciia nha thd trong giao doan
va trong cpng dong;

50

NHfjNG THACH THUC

Song ngay thang. Tac gia kiem doanh nhan Byrd

Baggett dinh nghia ngay thang la "lam dieu ma ban
noi la se lam, vao liic ban noi ban se lam va lam theo
each ban noi ban se lam." Khong co gi quan trong hon
dieu do trong cuoc doi mot lanh dao co udc nguyen
dai dien cho Chua truoc moi nguoi.

Mot trong nhung dieu tot nha't ban co the lam la hoi xem
nguoi khac ky vpng gi 6 ban, va noi chuyen voi mpi nguoi
ve dieu ban ky vpng 6 hp. Todd Mullins phu trach cac nhan
vien thay cha Tom Mullins 6 Christ Fellowship tai West
Palm Beach, bang Florida. Todd nhan thay cac cuoc giao tie'p
thudng xuyen giup hp giai quyet su cang thang trong moi
truong thay doi. Tom dien thuyet tren khap dat nude, khi
ong quay lai nha thd, ong muon nam lai quyen lanh dao d
mpt so pham vi ngudi khac dang nam giu. Todd biet each
hoi: "Day la viec cua con hay ciia cha?" (Nhan tien, trong
mpt so trudng hop the nay, cac nhan vien can cd trach
nhiem trinh bay vdi lanh dao ciia ho)- Viec nay giup Todd
biet n i t lui khi Tom quay lai nam quyen, va re nhi nhac Tom
dung lam xao trpn noi ma ong ay that su khong muon
lanh dao.
3. Nhanh chong c6 dircrc Celu tra Idl
Tdi nghi nhung tro ly giam doc dieu hanh la nhung
ngudi bi ket d giua nhieu nha't. Hang ngay, hp trai qua su
cang thang cao dp. Tdi biet dieu nay dung vdi tro ly rieng
ciia tdi, Linda Eggers. Cd ay phai thay mat tdi tie'p xuc vdi
51

NHA LANH DAO 360"

nhung nguoi rat kho tinh. Toi cung doi hoi rat khat khe. Mot
trong nhung each tot nha't toi co the giup Linda la chuyen
thong tin cho co ay nhanh nha't co the. Neu co ay co cau hoi,
toi co gang tra loi ngay. Khi toi di cong tac va trong mot
ngay, chung toi chua trao doi voi nhau, toi se goi dien cho
co ay. Co ay luon co mot danh sach cau hoi va van de can
thao luan. Neu toi khong bat co ay phai cho doi, co ay con co
the lam viec hieu qua hon nhieu.
Nhung ai muon thanh cong khi d vi tri giua phai tim ra
each de co that nhanh cac cau tra loi. Dieu do doi khi rat kho
khan, nha't la khi phai lam viec voi mot nguoi khong cdi mo.
Trong truong hop nhu vay, ban can tim kie'm su giup do tu
ngudi khac. Viec nay co the mat thoi gian va doi hoi ban
phai co quan he tot voi moi ngudi xung quanh. Khi ban phat
trien ky nang cua nha lanh dao 360, viec do se tro nen de
dang hon rat nhieu.
4. Khdng bao gia xam pham chuc vu cua minh va su tin
nhiem cua cap tren
Xam pham su tin nhiem va quyen hanh cap tren giao pho
la nguyen nhan khien su cang thang len den cue diem.
Su xam pham nay co the la lam dung quyen luc, cd tinh pha
hoai ngam cap tren hay sir dung tai san cong de t u loi.
David Branker, giam doc mot to chuc ldn d Jacksonville,
bang Florida, noi: "Su tin nhiem dupe xay moi luc bang mpt
vien gach, nhung khi no bi xam pham, ca buc tuong sup do.
Quyen luc ban dupe giao pho khdng phai de phuc vu loi ich
cua ban ma de ban thay mat cap tren van hanh no. Trong
52

NHUNG THACH THUG.

qua tnnh lanh dao, b'nh each va su ngay thang ciia ban luon
duoc sat hach."
La nha lanh dao cap trung,
kha nang ban duoc trao quyen
hoan toan phu thuoc vao long
trung thanh phuc vu ciia ban
doi voi nhung nguoi trao
quyen. Vi the, ban phai ngan
chan cam do ciia viec thang
tien nhd that bai ciia lanh dao.
Ban can sang suot khong de

"Sittin nhiem duocxay

mdi hie bang mot vien
gach, nhung khi no
bi xam pham,
cd buc tuong sup do."
- David Branker

minh co nhung doi thoai kieu "Neu toi ma dieu hanh" vdi
cac nhan vien khac. Neu ban gap kho khan vdi lanh dao,
hay bay to dieu do vdi hp.
5. Tim each giam bat c3ng t h i n g
Ban se khong bao gio loai bo dupe hoan toan su cang
thang, vi vay, ban can tim each giam bdt no. Rod Loy la nha
lanh dao ciia mpt to chuc Ion d Little Rock, bang Arkansas.
Ong ke rang khi con la lanh dao cap trung, ong giu mpt tap
tai lieu co tua de "Nhung dieu toi se khong bao gio lam khi
la lanh dao dung dau." La lanh dao cap trung, ong biet su
cam do ban nang khien ong cd the "phun" ra nhung dieu
khong hay vdi dong nghiep. Ong tranh viec "doc bau tarn
su" nhung that vpng ciia minh vdi ngudi khac bang mpt
each don gian la viet ra cam nhan ciia minh va cat chiing vao
cap tai lieu. Cach do khien ong thay nhe nhom, khong boi
53

NHA LANH DAO 360

tin voi cap tren va bao dam rang ong se nho bai hoc ve bat
a i sai lam nao ma lanh dao ciia ong da pham phai.
Ban co the ap dung bi quyet ciia Rod Loy. Neu khong,
ban co the tim each khac: danh golf, chay bo, dau quyen anh,
tap aerobics, di bo, massage. Hay lam bat cu dieu gi lanh
manh, mien la no giup ban xa stress khi su cang thang dang
de nang len ban.
Khong ai noi rang tro thanh nha lanh dao 360 la de dang.
Lanh dao h i vi tri giua rat cang thang, song lanh dao d vi tri
cao nha't cung vay. Nhung nhan vien khong duoc quyet
dinh each thuc lam viec cung vay. Bi quyet de thanh cong la
hoc each doi pho voi su cang thang du ban 6 vi tri nao, vuot
qua tro ngai va tan dung toi da loi theva co hoi 6 vi tri do.
Neu ban lam vay, ban co the thanh cong 6 bat a i vi tri nao
trong to chuc.

54

THACH THUC

Si/ C H A N

#2

N A N

Di theo mot nha lanh dao khdng hieu qua

BI QUYET V U O T QUA SU C H A N N A N :
Viec cua ban khong phai la sita sai cho nha lanh dao,
ma la gia tang gia tri. Neu nha lanh dao khong thay dot,
ban nen thay doi thai do hoac cho lam.

gay 6/2/1865, chinh phu ciia cac bang ly khai vdi Hoa

Ky de gay ra cupc npi chie'n nhung nam 1860 da

thong qua mpt nghi quyet dua Robert E. Lee tro thanh
Tong tu lenh - lanh dao toan bp quan dpi cua dat nude, chu
khdng chi rieng quan doi Bac Virginia. Day la dieu Robert E.
55

NHA LANH DAO 360

Lee hoan toan khong muon. Nhung lanh dao mien Nam
nhan thay Lee, mpt vi tuong xuat sac, dang di theo mpt lanh
dao toi la Tong thong Jefferson Davis .
7

Lee dupe mpi ngudi cong nhan la vi tudng tai nang nha't
trong suot cupc noi chie'n cua nude My. Ong la si quan quan
doi tot nghiep Hoc vien Quan su West Point. Khi cac bang
mien Nam ly khai, Tong thong Lincoln de nghi Robert E.
Lee thong linh toan bo luc lupng Lien minh. Nhung Lee da
tu choi loi de nghi do. Ong trung thanh vdi que huong
Virginia nen chpn chien dau cho Lien bang. Ong sdm ndi
trpi tren chie'n truong va nhanh chong trd thanh tudng chi
huy quan ddi Bac Virginia.
Chie'n tranh keo dai, cac lanh dao Lien bang bat dau sot
rupt vi hp co qua it tran thang. Hp nhan ra Jefferson Davis,
du dupe dao tao o Hoc vien West Point, tung la Ha nghi si,
Thupng nghi si va Bp trudng Quoc phong, nhung khong co
ky nang lanh dao can thiet de dan dat Lien bang den thang
loi cuoi cung. Nhieu lanh dao Lien bang muon dua Lee len
lam Tong t u lenh de tudc bdt quyen luc quan su cua Davis.
Nhung Lee khong de hp lam dieu do. Ong trung thanh vdi
bang Virginia, vdi chinh nghia va vdi ngudi lanh dao ciia
minh. Khong con each nao khac, Quoc hpi Lien bang bupc
Lee phai lam tudng chi huy. Hp hy vpng no luc nay co the

" Jefferson Finis Davis (1808-1889) la chinh khach Hoa Ky vdi cuong vi
tong thong cua chinh phu Lien minh mien Nam trong thoi ky Noi chie'n
Hoa Ky (1861-1865).
56

NHUNG THACH THUG.

thay doi so phan cua mien Nam.
Voi nhieu lanh dao gioi, ro rang la Lee da phai phuc tung
mot nha lanh dao kern hon ong. Cac doi thu cua Lee, gom ca
Tuong Grant va sau nay la Tong thong Ulysses S. Grant,
cung nhan ra dieu do. Grant viet hoi ky: "Lien bang da di
duoc mot chang xa ngoai tarn voi cua Tong thong Davis va
chang co viec gi duoc thuc hien ngoai viec Lee lam cho nhan
dan mien Nam." Voi Lee, viec khong vuot qua ranh gioi ciia
minh thuoc ve van de danh du. Day chinh la mot nguyen
nhan that bai ciia Lien bang. Lee trung thanh va xuat sac,
nhung neu Lee phat trien ky nang lanh dao cap tren, khong
biet moi chuyen dien ra nhu the nao!

NHUNG LANH DAO KHONG AI MUON THEO

Dieu khien mpt lanh dao gioi d vi tri giua ciia to chuc de
noi cau la lam viec dudi quyen mpt nha lanh dao toi. Toi
chua tung doc bat cu thu gi ke lai cam giac ciia Robert E. Lee
khi dudi quyen Jefferson Davis. Ong qua quan h i nen khong
bao gid cdng khai bpc Id bat cii cam xiic tieu cue nao. Nhung
toi biet ong rat chan nan. Cd nhieu kieu lanh dao toi, tat ca
hp deu lam nan long cap dudi. Dudi day la vai trudng hop
dien hinh:
Lanh dao thieu vung vang
Lanh dao thieu vung vang nghi rang hp la trung tarn cua
mpi viec. Vi the, vdi moi hanh dong, moi thong tin, moi
quyet dinh, hp deu lay ban than minh lam tieu chuan de soi
57

NHA LANH DAO 360"

xet. Khi mpt nguoi trong nhom lam viec tot, ho so nguoi do
toa sang hon minh, nen co tinh kim ham su phat trien cua
ngudi do. Khi mpt ngudi trong nhom lam viec toi, hp tuc
gian vi viec do lam xau di hinh anh cua hp.
Tren he't, lanh dao thieu vung vang muon moi ngudi d
dung cho cua minh, tru chinh hp. Hp giohg mot chu tich
cong ty no. Ong nay gui cho trudng phong nhan su thong
diep sau: "Tim trong cong ty nhung ngudi tre tud'i, thong
minh va hieu thang co the ke nhiem toi. Khi nao tim thay,
hay sa thai ho!"
Khi toi dang viet cuon sach nay, mpt ngudi ban ke cho toi
rang anh ay rung lam viec cho mpt nha lanh dao co nguyen
tac lanh dao nhu sau: Giu cho mpi ngudi mat thang bang.
Neu nhan vien nao bat dau thay yen on, ong ay se "lay anh
ta day".
Trong to chuc, su yen on chay theo chieu t u tren xuong
dudi. Khi cac lanh dao thay bat an, hp thudng lap kehoach
de su thieu vung vang do xuong tan cac nhan vien. Neu
dang dudi quyen mpt lanh dao nhu vay, ban khong nhung
phai lam viec de tim each thoat khoi su bat an cho ban than,
ma con phai lam viec vat va hon nua de tao ra su an tarn cho
nhan vien. Neu khong, cac nhan vien cua ban se phai tie'p
tuc chiu dung su bat on.
Lanh dao thien can
Lanh dao thien can tao ra hai khd khan nhan tien cho
nhan vien. Thu nhat, hp that bai khi vach ra phuong hudng
58

NHUNG THACH THUC.

hoac tim ra dong luc de tien len. Trong Kinh Thanh co cau
cham ngon: "O dau khong co tarn nhin, con ngudi se diet
vong." Tai sao? Bdi vi ho khong di tdi bat cu dau va lam bat
cu viec gi. Dieu do la vo phuong cuu chua. Thu hai, nguoi
thien can luon thieu nhiet huye't. Ho khong co lua va cung
khong truyen duoc lua de cung moi ngudi di tie'p. Dieu do
khong tao ra moi trudng tich cue de lam viec.
Neu ban co kha nang "nhin xa trong rpng" trong khi cap
tren cua ban khdng co, ban co the dua vao no de thiet lap
mot mdi truong, trong do nhung ngudi do ban quan ly lam
viec nang sua't va thanh cong. Nhung nhung ngudi co tarn
nhin khac ban - tham chi la tarn nhin tieu cue - co the co
gang xdng vao va lap khoang trong do cap tren tao ra. Ban
phai than trong vdi cac xung dot.
Lanh dao bat tai
Vai nam truoc, khi di du lich Thd' Nhi Ky, toi duoc mot
hudng dan vien ke chuyen cac vi vua trong lich su Thd Nhi
Ky va each hp tao sue ep khung khie'p cho ngudi khac. Neu
mpt nguoi nao do khdng dap ung dupe ky vpng cua cac vi
vua, hp se bi xu toi che't.
Hudng dan vien ke ve vi vua da ra lenh xay dung nha
thd Hoi giao Blue d Istanbul. Vi vua muon kie'n true su xay
chap nha thd bang vang. Kie'n true su biet khong co du kinh
phi de thuc hien viec nay nhung neu phan doi, ong ay co the
bi mat dau. Va kie'n true su da nghi ra mpt giai phap thong
minh. Trong tie'ng A rap, t u "so sau" doc rat gid'ng vdi tu
59

NHA LANH DAO 360

,:

"vang". Vi the, kie'n true su xay sau tda thap da. Khi due vua
tra hoi, kie'n true su gia vd la minh da hieu nham y due vua.
Lam viec dudi quyen lanh dao bat tai thudng gap sue ep
giong vi kien true su no, du ho khong phai chiu hau qua
nhu the. Lanh dao bat tai thudng vo dung va khdng chiu
thay doi. Nha tho kiem nha phe
binh Samuel Johnson tung noi:
"Loikhuyen hiem khi

h e n hiem khi duoc

duoc hoan nvhenh, va
,
,~ ,
*
, '
hoan nghenh, va nguoi can no
ngudi can no nhat lai it
,
, ,
,. ,
,
, ,U
nhat lai it cam tinh voi no nhat.
cam tinh voi no nhat.
- Samuel Johnson
?
c roi
khong chi vdi cap dudi ma vdi
toan to chuc. Ho la "nhung gidi
han" doi vdi tat ca nhung ai hp lanh dao trong toan to chuc.
Nguyen tac Gidi han trong cud'n 22 Nguyen tac vang cua nghe
thuat lanh dao phat bieu: "Kha nang lanh dao la gidi han
L 6 i

u y

t h l

quyet dinh muc do hieu qua cua mpt ngudi."

Lanh dao ich ky
Trong cuon Circle of Innovation (Vdng trdn ciia sir
sang tao), tac gia kiem cova'n doanh nghiep Tom Peters viet:
Lanh dao ich ky co gang lanh dao nguoi khac vi loi ich
ban than va gay thiet hai cho ngudi khac. Vdi hp, cupc song
la tro choi co - khong, co ke thang ngudi thua. Hp khuyen
khich mpi ngudi trd thanh ke thua cupc trong tro choi cupc
doi de hp co the vo vet tat ca chie'n loi pham. Do la nu doanh
nhan lira dao nha cung cap de lam dep hinh anh cua hang
60

NHUNG THACH THUC.

ba ta voi hy vpng dupe tang luong. Hay nguoi cha ich ky
dong vien con trai choi that gioi cac mon the thao de duoc
hudng lay niem vui chie'n t h i n g tren cdng sue cua con.
Lanh dao ich ky thang tien tren ton that cua nhung ngudi
xung quanh. Mot giam doc ke r i n g mpt trong nhung ngudi
lanh dao dau tien ciia ong la ngudi rat ich ky, gia'u gie'm tat ca
bong 16c dng ta co duoc nhd chuc vu. Vi the; gio day, khi da
la nha lanh dao hang dau, vi giam dd'c do nha't dinh chia se
bong 16c cua minh vdi nhung ngudi lam viec cho dng. Day la
ldi khuyen rat huu ich cho nhung ai la lanh dao du o cap nao
trong to chuc. Hay chia se nhung thu ban co vdi nhung ngudi
dudi quyen. Hua'n luyen vien bong ro huyen thoai John
Wooden noi rang, de thanh cong "ban phai say me tim ra
each tot nha't, chii khong phai tim ra each lam cua rieng ban."
Lanh dao "tic ke hoa"
Tong thong Lyndon Baines Johnson rung ke cau chuyen
ve mpt giao vien tre, that nghiep vao thoi ky suy thoai da
den Texas tim viec. Khi hoi dong nha trudng hoi anh ta the
gidi trdn hay phang, thay giao tuong lai rat hoang mang, so
rang day la cau hoi bay va tho't len: "Toi cd the day theo ca
hai each."
Do la phan ling cua lanh dao "tac ke hoa" khi ban gang
hoi anh ta. Dudi quyen lanh dao "tac ke hoa", mpi ngudi
khdng bao gio biet dupe phan ling ciia ong ta nhu the nao.
Vi the^ thoi gian va cdng sue quy gia dung de hoan thanh
cdng viec bi phi pham cho viec tien doan hanh dong ke tie'p
nha ciia lanh dao.
61

NHA LANH DAO 360'

Lanh dao "chinh t r i gia"
Lanh dao "chinh tri gia" giohg lanh dao "tac ke hoa".
Rat kho biet truoc cau tra loi cua hp. Song lanh dao "tac ke
hoa" bi phu thupc vao cam xiic, con lanh dao "chinh tri gia"
lai bi chi phoi boi khat vpng dan dau. Rat kho khan khi lam
viec dudi quyen nhung ngudi co quyet dinh dua vao tham
vpng chinh tri chu khong dua vao nhiem vu va loi ich to
chuc. Khi dupe hoi lap trudng cua minh ve mpt van de, dng
ta tra ldi: "Ban toi, mot so thi ung hp. So khac lai phan doi.
Con tdi, toi ling ho ban toi."
Lanh dao kiem soat
Ban da bao gid lam viec cho mpt ngudi luon muon xen
vao mpi viec ban lam chua? Co rat it thu khien mpt ngudi co
nang luc chan nan hon the. Va rat it dieu khien lanh dao gioi
buc minh hon the. That kho hao hung lam viec khi cap tren
cu lien tuc gian doan cong viec ban dang lam bang each
quan ly ban mpt each " v i mo".
Hai dieu sau don ngudi ta vao the phai quan ly "vi mo"
ngudi khac: Mot la khat vong cau toan. Dieu nay khong the dat
dupe. Hai la hp tin rang khong ai co the lam tot nhu hp. Dieu
nay bat ngudn tu suy nghi cho rang dong gop ciia mpi nguoi
khong dang gia nhu ciia hp. Ca hai dieu tren deu khong tao ra
moi trudng lam viec tich cue cho nhan vien cua hp.

62

NHUNG THACH THUC

G I A I PHAP CHO Slf CHAN N A N :
GIA T A N G GIA TRI
Phan ling thong thudng vdi su chan nan la sua sai hoac
thay ddi lanh dao. Tuy nhien, do thudng khong phai la lua
chpn danh cho nhung lanh dao cap trung, va cung khong
phai la giai phap thich hop. Du d hoan canh nao, gidi han ldn
nha't khong phai la lanh dao cap tren - ma la tinh than cua
mdi chung ta. Ban nen nhd trong vai tro lanh dao, van de
nam d viec bo tri chu khdng phai chuc vu. Trong hau he't cac
tinh huong, vai trd cua lanh dao
cap trung la gia tang gia tri cho
to chuc va lanh dao. Dieu nay chi
" >
> S
khdng dung khi cap tren la ngudi
?
ongphdi
,
la lanh dao cap tren vo nguyen tac hoac vo dao due.
>
ma la tinh than cua chinh
Mot luc nao do trong cuoc
chung ta.
ddi, cac lanh dao gioi se hdi ban
than hai cau hoi: Phai lam gi khi
di theo mot lanh dao tdi? Lam the nao de gia tang gia tri?
Thuc te, ban cang lanh dao gioi, ban cang de phai trd thanh
D

/ , 0

l 6 n n

c a n h

na

i&i

kh

cap dudi ciia mot lanh dao kern hon minh.

That khong de dang khi lam cap dudi mpt lanh dao kem,
nhung ban van cd the ton tai va tham chi con phat trien tot.
Dudi day la nhung gpi y:
1. Theft chat quan h6 vai cSp tren
Phan ling dau tien khi lam viec cho mpt lanh dao kem
thudng la rdi bo hoac thiet lap rao can quan he vdi hp. Hay
63

NHA LANH DAO 360"

cu'dng lai thoi thuc do. Thay vi bie'n cap tren thanh ke thu roi
tao ra mot tinh huong bat loi cho ca hai, ban can "bac cau"
quan he. Co gang tim hieu cap tren, tim ra diem chung, xay
dung moi quan he cong viec vung chac. Trong qua trinh do,
tai khang dinh su tan tarn cua ban vdi nhiem vu ciia to chiic.
Lam nhung viec do se dua ban vao cung nhom vdi lanh dao
cua minh.
2. Nhn ra va danh gia cao uu diem cua cap tren
Moi ngudi, ke ca lanh dao kem, deu co uu diem. Co gang
tim ra uu diem ciia cap tren. Cd the dieu do khdng de dang
hoac ban khong danh gia cao hay ngudng mo uu diem ciia
lanh dao. Dieu do khong thanh van de. Hay tim ra uu diem
cua lanh dao va bien chung thanh von quy cua to chuc.
3. Lam vl$c tn tuy d^ gia tang gia trj cho uu dllm cua
cp tren
Duong mon den thanh cdng la tan dung toi da uu diem
ban cd. Dieu nay cung dung vdi cap tren cua ban. Khi ban
biet duoc uu diem ciia cap tren va each bie'n chung thanh
von quy ciia to chuc. Hay tim each phat huy nhung uu
diem do.
4. Xln phep ISp kg hoach bd khuygt cac nhuoc dim
cua Ceip t r e n
Ben canh viec phat huy uu diem, mpt trong nhung bi
quyet de thanh cdng la "phan bo" cac nhuoc diem. La lanh
64

NHUNG THACH THUC

dao, ban can sang suot trao quyen cho mot so cap duoi de
lap day khoang tro'ng tai nang cua ban. Vi du, neu ban
khong gioi di sau vao chi tie't, hay tuyen ai do gioi ve mat
nay va hop tac chat che vdi ho.
Ban co the ap dung viec lap day khoang trong vdi cap
tren cua minh. Tuy nhien, phai rat than trong khi tie'p can
ddi tuong. Dung dua ra y kie'n cua minh ve nhuoc diem cua
ho neu hp khong hoi, va ngay ca khi dupe hdi, ban cung
phai can nhac. Neu cap tren cho ban biet mpt nhuoc diem
cua hp, hay hoi xem ho co muon ban phu trach mang do
khong. Hay lam nhung viec cap tren khdng lam dupe de hp
co the tap trung lam nhung viec hp gioi nha't.
5. De cap tren tiep can vai nhung tai liu huong din
lanh dao
Neu ban dang trau doi ky nang lanh dao, ban han phai co
nhieu tai lieu ve nghe thuat lanh dao nhu sach, CD, DVD.
Hay chia se chung vdi cap tren. Mpt lan nua, each ban tie'p
can van de rat quan trong. Thay vi noi: "Day, ong can cai
nay!" hay noi: "Toi vua doc xong cuon sach nay, toi nghi
ong cung se thich no!" Hoac tim each vao de that hap dan,
chang han: "Toi dang doc mpt cuon sach rat hay. No lam tdi
nghi tdi dng; tac gia va dng cd nhieu diem rat gidng nhau.
Toi nghi dng se thich no." Va tang cho ong ta mpt cudn. Neu
lanh dao vui ve don nhan tai lieu do, ban cd the ap dung vdi
nhung ngudi khac.

65

NHA LANH DAO 360

6. Cong khai k h i n g dinh c5p tren
Mot so ngudi so rang neu ho ndi tot ve mot cap tren toi,
hp se lam ngudi khac tudng lam hay se nghi 6c suy xet cua
hp that kem coi. Nhung nhung ngudi khac deu biet diem
han che cua vi lanh dao do. Chi can ban nhan xet dung su
that va tap trung vao uu diem cua lanh dao, ban se khong
bi mang tie'ng. Khdng nhung the, ban con dupe mpi ngudi
kinh trong. Nhan xet ciia ban ve cap tren se giup ong ta gia
tang su tin tuong, khong chi tin tudng ban than, ma con tin
tuong ban.
Neu ban co tarn nhin xa, ban se thay viec gia tang gia tri
cho cap tren va to chuc la viec gan nhu khong co khia canh
bat lpi. Moi ngudi se nhan ra tai nang va tran trong cong
hien cua ban. Hp se nguong mo ban ve kha nang thanh cong
va giup do ngudi khac ke ca nhung ngudi kem hon ban. Ban
chi can khdng de minh roi vao trang thai chan nan ngan han.
Neu ban cam thay ngay cang chan nan hon, thi cd le da den
luc thay ddi cong viec.

66

T H A C H T H U C #3

N H I E U

M U

Mot cdi dau... nhieu cdi mil

BI QUYET VUOT QUA THACH THUC "NHIEU MU":

Biet chiec mu nao can doi va mim cuoi vai thach thiic.

an dau tien toi lam lanh dao la nam 1969, nhung den

tan nam 1974 toi moi tuyeh nhan vien dau tien: Stan
Toler. Toi rat vui khi co nguoi cung lam voi minh, vi toi
nhan ra minh khong the lam viec mot minh. Toi thue Stan
lam tro ly muc su. Viec do nghe thi don gian nhung neu ban
noi chuyen voi Stan, ong ay se co y kien khac. Ong ay mo ta
do la mot loat cong viec ciia nhac truong dpi hop xudng,
muc su tre, muc su gia, ngudi quan ly ldp hoc Chu nhat,
67

NHA LANH DAO 360"

quan ly Trudng hoc day Kinh Thanh vao ky nghi, tai xe'muc
su, ngudi trong nom giao duong va chan "Ion ton" (di lay
quan ao d tiem giat va do day xang chiec Ford Pinto cua toi).
Neu tung co mot lanh dao cap trung nao phai xu ly thach
thuc "nhieu mu", thi do la Stan.

AP LUC CUA VIEC DOI "NHIEU MU"

Tinh huong nan giai cua Stan khong phai la la vdi hau he't
cac lanh dao cap trung ciia to chuc. Moi ngudi d tat ca cac
cap trong to chuc deu dat ra nhung yeu cau rat cao cho lanh
dao cap trung. Lanh dao cap trung, khi ren luyen de tro
thanh nha lanh dao 360, phai chiu nhung sue ep ngudi khac
khdng phai chiu. Y ciia toi nhu sau:
Nhung nguai 6 v! tri thcip nha't t6 chuc
Khi d vi tri tha'p nha't, moi ngudi thudng luon dupe giao
cho mpt so viec nha't djnh. Nhung viec nay cd the kha kho
khan, lam hao ton tri luc hoac doi hdi rat nhieu ky nang.
Nhung phan ldn thoi gian, chung chi yeu cau mpt
"chiec mu". V i du, nhd on Henry Ford, cac cong nhan trong
day chuyen san xuat chi cd mpt viec de lam, va hp cu thuc
hien mpt viec lap di lap lai.
Cac dau be'p na'u nudng trong nha hang co rat it kieu
trach nhiem. Chang han d 16 nudng, dau be'p phai chuan bj
be'p nudng trudc gid md cua, hp nudng thuc an suot buoi
phuc vu va lau chui be'p nudng khi cong viec hoan thanh.
68

NHUNG THACH THUC.

Cong viec cua hp khong phai ai cung lam dupe - chung doi
hoi toe dp, ky thuat va sue khoe. Nhung no chi doi hoi mpt
kieu ky nang. Giong nhu the, nhung dien thoai vien chi lam
mot viec chinh - giao dich vdi khach hang hay ban san
pham, len lich cupc hen, giai quyet van de. Tat nhien, viec
. nay khong phai ai cung cd the hoan thanh xuat sac, nhung
doi hoi phai that tap trung vao mot trach nhiem.
Ngudi nam ro va lam tot cong viec ciia minh co the trd
thanh chuven gia dang cap the gidi trong linh vuc ciia hp.
Hp co the toai nguyen vdi cdng viec va gat hai thanh cong.
Nhung neu hp chi lam dupe mpt viec hoac san sang lam duy
nha't mpt viec, hp se kho duoc "leo cao" nhu cac lanh dao.
Vai tro lanh dao doi hoi kha nang hoan thanh tot mpi viec.
Giong nhu trong the thao, no luc dan dau mot cupc dua
khac vdi no luc dan dau mpt cupc thi 10 mdn.
Nhung nguoi dung dau to chuc
Lanh dao diing dau phai doi mat vdi nhung thach thuc
rieng. Vi du, hp chiu trach nhiem ve su thanh cdng hoac that
bai ciia ca to chuc - dieu nay la hien nhien. Nhung hp cung
cd mpt dac quven ma lanh dao cap trung khong co la dupe
lua chpn viec lam. Hp xac dinh uu diem ciia minh, chu trong
vao no, don he't thoi gian va sue luc vao nhung thu co loi
nha't cho to chuc. Nhung viec con lai hp uy quyen cho ngudi
khac hoac gat di.
That nuc cuoi la de trd thanh lanh dao, mpi ngudi phai cd
kha nang lam tot nhieu viec, nhung de trd thanh lanh dao
69

NHA LANH DAO 360

dung dau, ho lam it viec hon nhung phai lam cue ky
xuat sac. Tren thuc te, nhung lanh dao thanh cong hieu ro
dieu nay khi chuyen tu cap trung len dung dau to chuc. Toi
chua rung gap mot CEO thanh cong nao ma lai khong chu
tarn va gioi han anh ta vao mot, hai hay ba viec lam tot nhat.
Nhung nguoi cVv] tri giua t6 chuc

Lanh dao cap trung trai

qua thach thuc
"nhieu mu" hang ngay.

Trai lai, lanh dao cap trung

trai qua thach thuc "nhieu mu"
hang ngay. Ho phai lam nhieu
jg
v-jg' h vupt ra ngoai
^
. Vdi thoi

C v

k i n h

c o

nt

u c

t h a n

gian va nguon luc co han, hp

phai giai quyet hang loat nhung
uu tien. Douglas Randlett, ban toi gpi dieu nay la "Hpi chung
cua ke bi sai vat".
KY VONG CUA
CAP TREN

j
LANH DAO
CAP TRUNG

KY VQNG CUA
CAP DUOI
70

/ /
\A

KY VONG
CUA NGl/OI
^
^

NHUNG THACH THUC.

M6 hinh tren minh hoa cac nhan to khac nhau ma hau he't
lanh dao cap trung ciia to chuc phai xii ly:
Vi du, mot dau bep lam o be'p nudng vuon len chiic be'p
pho. Khi con la dau be'p, anh ta chi can lam hai long mot
ngudi la be'p pho va nhan lenh t u ngudi do. Nhung the gidi
cua anh ta thay ddi h i khi duoc thang chuc. Gid day, anh ta
la ngudi dieu hanh nha be'p, phai lam nhung cong viec
mang dac thu rieng. Moi lan nhan duoc phie'u dat mon, anh
ta phai noi vdi hirig dau be'p biet phai na'u mon gi. Viec cua
anh ta la sap xep de tat ca cac mon, do cac dau be'p khac
nhau na'u, de don ra ban cung luc. Anh ta cung chiu trach
nhiem ho tro phuc vu ban, giup hp lam hai long thuc khach
va giai quyet van de cua hp. Nhung phuc vu ban phai chiu
ap luc h i su sot rupt cua khach hang the nao thi pho be'p
cung cam thay y nhu the.
Nhung do khong phai la ap luc duy nha't danh cho be'p
pho. Cac dau be'p trong cay vao vai tro lanh dao ciia anh ta.
Sud't buoi, anh ta quyet dinh su van hanh ciia khu be'p va
dat ra cac chuan muc khi chuan bi mon an. Anh ta cung sap
xep cong viec cua hp, dam bao rang cac dau bep dupe tra
luong va giai quyet nhung bat dong.
Tuy khong na'u nudng nhung be'p phd co trach nhiem dat
hang thuc pham va thuc an vdi nhung ngudi ban hang Anh
ta u u tien chat lupng va gia ca. Song ngudi ban hang co
nhung ky vpng vao anh ta. Hp muon trao doi viec mua ban
va cung mud'n anh ta danh thoi gian cho hp.

71

NHA LANH DAO 360'

Di nhien, be'p pho phai chju
trach nhiem vdi be'p truong hoac
chu nha hang, nhung ngubi
muon viec kinh doanh thuan loi
va co lai. Khi con la dau be'p, anh
ta chi doi mpt "chiec mu". Anh ta
khong tie'p xuc voi thuc khach,

"Lanh dao cap trung cua

to chtic giohg nhu dua
con giua trong gia dinh."
- Billy Hornsby

hiem khi gap ong chu, cung khong phai giao dich vdi nguoi
ban hang. Anh ta khong lanh dao mpt nhom ngudi. Cupc
song cua mpt dau be'p don gian hon nhieu cupc song cua be'p
pho. Tren thuc te, thach thuc "nhieu mu" la mpt trong nhung
ly do khien mpi ngudi khong muon leo cao. Nhieu cong nhan
khong muon cd nhung con dau dau nhu cac lanh dao. Hp
quyet dinh yen vi, lam it viec va khong dpi qua nhieu "mu".

X l f LY T H A C H THUC " N H I E U M U "

Billy Hornsby, dong sang lap ARC va Giam doc Hoc vien
Phat trien Lanh dao EQUIP chau Au, ndi rang lanh dao cap
trung cua to chuc giong nhu dua con giua trong gia dinh.
Hp phai hoc each hoa thuan vdi ngudi xung quanh va ton tai
giua nhung luc "gia dinh" khac nhau - nghe loi, chi huy, do
danh, nhupng bp va hop tac neu can thiet. Do khong phai la
cong viec de dang.
Vay lanh dao cap trung can lam gi khi phai dpi qua nhieu
"mu" ma chi cd mpt cai dau? Dudi day la nhung goi y:

72

NHUNG THACH THUC

1. Chpn " m u " phu hop voi boi canh
Moi vai tro hoac "chiec mu" ban phai dpi co nhung trach
nhiem va muc dich su dung rieng. Neu ban doi mu, phai nhd
rang boi canh da thay ddi. Ban khong ndi chuyen vdi
vp/chdng, con cai, sep va nhan vien theo cung mot each phai
khong? Muc dich thudng quyet dinh vai tro va phuong phap.
2. Dung dpi "chiec mu" khdng thich hpp vdi nhiem vu
Vdi t u each la tro ly cua toi, Linda Eggers lien tuc tham
du cac cupc hpp vdi nhung lanh dao hang dau cua to chuc
khi toi di cong tac. Co ay tham d u de giup toi cap nhat cong
viec dieu hanh va nhung thay doi quan trong. Khi lam viec
vdi t u each do, Linda khong bao gio lam dung chiec mu
"mat xich lien lac" de lam theo y minh hay dpi cai mu "Phat
ngon vien cua John" de chan hong nhung lanh dao khac
bang each ndi: "John se khong muon the." Co ay hieu rat ro
loi noi cua minh cd sue nang. Sau hoi nghi, cd ay thuat lai
cho toi mpi chuyen xay ra va than trong ndi ve nhung ngudi
d hoi nghi mpt each cdng tarn va chinh xac. Co ay se dua ra
cac y kie'n cua minh, nhung co gang khong "bop meo"
nhung gi ma ngudi khac noi hoac lam.
Linda, giong nhu nhieu tro ly khac, dpi rat nhieu "mu".
Co ay trd thanh "dpi mu gia" biet dpi chiec nao trong hoan
canh nao va thay ddi "mu" ngay lap tuc. Linda chua bao gid
dpi "chiec m u " nay de hoan thanh cdng viec no. Co ay dua
vao dieu kien rieng cua rung md'i quan he cdng viec de co
73

NHA LANH DAO 360

each x i i su thich hap. Do thudng la each lam hai long ca hai
ben, nhung co ay lam viec do rat tot.
3. Thay doi "mu" chu dung thay doi tinh each
Toi da de cap viec ban khong nen doi xu vdi vp/chong
giong nhu vdi nhan vien. Dieu do la le thudng. Tuy nhien,
nhu the khdng co nghia la ban nen thay doi tinh each dua
vao ngudi ma ban tie'p xuc. Thai do va each cu xu ciia ban
phai luon thd'ng nha't va moi ngudi cd the doan trudc dupe.
Neu khong thi ban se trd nen khong dang tin cay trong mat
bat cu ai lam viec vdi ban.
4. Dung bd be bat cu "chiec mu" nao ban cd trach
n h i m ddi
Trudc khi trd thanh lanh dao hang dau, Rod Loy la giam
doc dieu hanh trong mpt to chuc ldn. Do to chuc thieu lanh
dao, ong tarn thoi quan ly them hai phong ban. De dam bao
khong bo sot cong viec nao, ong lap ra ba van phong. Hang
ngay, ong danh nam tie'ng d van phong dieu hanh de thuc
hien nhung nghia vu cua giam dd'c dieu hanh. Sau do, ong
den van phong thu hai va thu ba. Mdi phong ong danh ra
hai tie'ng de thuc hien nhiem vu dupe giao.
Tai sao Rod Loy lam nhu vay? Ong kham pha ra rang neu
sao lang nhiem vu ciia bat ky "chiec mu" nao du chi trong
mot ngay, dng se bi tut lai dang sau. Viec tach rieng ba
phong la su thay doi khdng gian can thiet de thay doi tinh
than. Nhd vay, dng hoan thanh td't mpi nhiem vu. Ban cd the
74

NHONG THACH THUC.

khong can hoac khong muon mat thoi gian nhu the. Nhung
neu to chuc yeu cau ban dpi nhieu "chiec mu", ban phai bao
dam khong bo qua bat cu chiec nao.
5. Llnh hoat
Bi quyet vupt qua thach thuc "nhieu mu" la biet dpi
"mu" dung luc, dung cho va thich thu nhung thach thuc ma
"chiec m i i " dua ra. Bi quyet de lam dupe nhu vay la duy tri
su linh hoat. Vi phai dap ung qua nhieu yeu cau, cac lanh
dao cap trung cua to chuc khong the cung nhac; hp can phai
hoc each doi "mu" ma khong can duoc bao truoc.
Mot so ngudi ua thich thu thach mdi. Cac yeu cau thay
doi nhanh chong va ban nang cua ngudi lanh dao t u vi tri
giua to chuc giup hp phat trien va tie'p them sinh luc cho hp.
Nhung ngudi khac khong thich thu thach nay. Nhung nha
lanh dao 360 phai biet dieu nay neu muon thanh cdng va
anh hudng den ngudi khac tu bat cu vi tri nao trong to chuc.

75

THACH THUC

C A I

#4

T O I

Ban bi khuat agiiia

BI QUYET VUOT QUA CAI TOI:

Hay nho rang lanh dao gioi luon gay duoc chu y.

hinh thoang, trong gio giai lao giua budi hoi thao ve

nghe thuat lanh dao, se co mpt ngudi tham du tdi cho

toi va noi: "Nghe nay that tuyet vdi. Tdi muon lam cong viec
ong dang lam!"
Cong viec cua toi rat tuyet vdi, toi cong nhan dieu do.

Nhung toi noi tie'p: "Vang, dung thd nhung dng cd muon
lam viec tdi da lam de co the lam viec toi dang lam khong?"
Nhung ngudi gap tdi bay gid chi nhin thay nhung dieu
76

NHUNG THACH THUG

tot dep, thanh qua cua 30 nam lao dong. Ho chi nhin vao
buc dien thuyet sang trung, rat dong khan gia va su don tie'p
nong hau danh cho toi. Trong khi toi chi co moi mot viec la
giang day.
Nhung that ngay tho neu nghi rang nhung dieu tot dep
do da co san. Nhung buoi dau giang ve lanh dao, toi lai
chiec Pinto cua minh den dia diem hen. Toi day nhung
nhom khoang 10 ngudi va khong co tien thu lao. Toi day cho
mpi ngudi chi vi toi muon giup hp. Khi uy tin tang len, toi
dupe mdi di dien thuyet. Toi phai len lich dien thuyet phu
hop vdi lich lam viec day dac ciia minh, tap lam quen vdi
nhung chuyen bay dai, do an khdng tot cho sue khde va lam
viec nhieu gid. Trong nhung hpi thao ve lanh dao dau tien,
tdi da phai day 30 tie'ng trong nam ngay cho xung vdi gia ve
vao cua.
Khi toi trd nen "dupe ua chuong" va Margaret, vp toi,
thudng phai di cung tdi. Dieu do co nghia la bay gio hai
chung toi phai lam viec de hoan thanh cdng viec thay vi mpt
ngudi (va chung tdi phai tra tien cho ngudi trong tre).
Sau hang tie'ng dong ho dong goi do, sach vd, chung toi phai
khenh nhung chiec hop ra xe hoac keo len may bay. Vai gid
ngan ngui ngoi tren ghe day hoc ciia toi co le da hap dan
nhieu nguoi. Nhung nhung ngay chuan bi bai giang, hang
chuc gid van chuyen do dac va di chuyen tir noi nay tdi noi
khac thi khdng hap dan chut nao.

77

NHA LANH DAO 360

"Hanh dong anh hiing

chan chinh la su diing
mice dac biet, chii khong
he kich tinh. Do khdng
phai la ham muon vupt
qua ngudi khac bang moi
gid, ma la ham muon
phuc vu ngubi khac vdi
bdi cii gid nao."
- Arthur Ashe

Lanh dao thanh cong giong

nhu tang bang trdi. Nhin vao
mpt tang bang, ban chi thay 10%
be mat; phan con lai an duoi
nude. Nhin vao mpt lanh dao
thanh cong, ban chi thay mpt
phan nhd cuoc song ciia hp.
Phan ban nhin thay that long
lanh va dep de. Nhung nhung
phan ban khong trong thay lai
trai ngupc hoan toan. Ngoi sao

quan vpt Arthur Ashe noi:

"Hanh dong anh hiing chan
chinh la su diing muc dac biet, chii khong he kich tinh. Do
khong phai la ham muon vupt qua nguoi khac bang moi gia,
ma la ham muon phuc vu nguoi khac voi bat cii gia nao."
Lanh dao chan chinh cung giong nhu vay.

XU" LY THACH THUC CAI TOI

Viec ai do muon dupe cong nhan la dieu rat binh muting.
Cac nha lanh dao cung vay. Do thudng bi "khua't" khi 6 vi
tri giua, cac lanh dao cap trung thuong khong nhan dupe su
tin nhiem hay su cong nhan hp mong muon va xiing dang
duoc hudng. Thuc te nay co the thach thuc cai toi ciia hp.
Thach thiic la trd thanh mpt cau thu trong dpi va hai long
khi dong gdp. Dudi day la each thuc hien dieu do:

78

NHUNG THACH THUG.

1. TSp t r u n g vao nhi^m vu hon la vao gl^c m o
Nha soan nhac kiem nhac trudng ndi tie'ng Leonard
Bernstein mot lan duoc hdi loai nhac cu nao dng cho la kho
choi nha't. Ngam nghi mot lat, ong
tra loi: "Violin so hai. Toi co the co
Chung ta thuong qua
nhieu nghe si choi violin so mpt,
chu
trong den gidc mo
nhung de tim dupe ngudi nhiet tinh
va
muc
tieu cua minh
choi violin so hai la ca mpt van de."
den noi khdng nhin
Chung ta thudng qua chu trong den
thay nhung trach
gia'c mo va muc tieu cua minh den
nhiem ngay truoc mat.
noi khong nhin thay nhung trach
nhiem ngay trudc mat.
'
~
Lanh dao hieu qua chu y vao viec tao ra ket qua chinh la
chii y vao su thang tien. Hp khien cdng viec dupe hoan
thanh. Nha tho Walt Whitman da viet:
Co mot anh chang chua bao gio bi khudc tie
Bat cie noi dau anh tinh cd lac duong
Deu duoc don tiep mem no
O nhieng thi tran dong dan, hay d cho cac nong dan lam co
Anh deu duoc chao mung
Tren sa mac toan cat va d sau trong
Noi nao anh tdi, a do cd nhieng ban tay vay chao
Anh ay la ngiedi hoan thanh moi cdng viec.

79

NHA LANH DAO 360'

Neu ban lien tuc hoan thanh cong viec, ban se duoc
chii y. Va quan trong hon, ban se hai long voi cong viec
ngav ca khi ngubi khac chua nhan ra no luc cua ban.
2. Danh gia cao gia tri chuc vj cua minh
Khong phai ai cung hieu hoac danh gia cao viec ban lam.
Vi vay, dieu quan trong la chinh ban danh gia cao viec minh
lam. Charles H. Townes da ke mot cau chuyen thu vi trong
bai phat bieu nhan giai Nobel: "Khi ngudc len nhin buc
tuong do so ciia Hoover Dam, mot con hai ly noi voi mot
con tho, 'Khong, toi khong t u minh
xav no. Nhung no dua tren y
tuong ciia toi.'"
Moi chuc vu deu co gia tri,
song chung ta thudng khong tran
trong no. Ban khien no trd nen
quan trong bang each tran trong
no. Neu chung ta ghet chuc vu

Neu cu mo tuong mot

noi nao do chi vi nghi
no tot hon, chung tase
khdtig the hai long voi
vi tri cua minh ciing
nhu khdng lam viec can
lam de thanh cdng.

cua minh, thi do co the bdi vi cai

toi goi la "can benh dich den" hay
hoi chung "cd nha hang xdm xanh hon". Neu cu mo
tudng mot noi nao do chi v i nghi no tot hon, chung ta se
khong the hai long vdi vi tri cua minh cung nhu khong
lam viec can lam de thanh cong.

80

NHUNG THACH THUC

3. Hai long khi bie't ly do t h a t su cho t h a n h cdng cua
mpt d u a n
Trong cuon sach Good to Great (Tu tot den vi dai), Jim
Collins viet ve lanh dao "cap do thu nam". Ong noi rang
nhung ngudi lanh dao to chuc cua ho thanh than va khiem
nhudng dat hieu qua hon nhieu nhung lanh dao hao
nhoang, cud'n hut, ndi bat. Mpt trong nhung ly do tdi tin
nhan xet nay la dung, do la cac lanh dao gioi hieu rang ho
that su khdng xung vdi tat ca su tin nhiem vi thanh cdng ciia
to chuc. Thanh cdng do nhung ngudi hoan thanh cong viec
tao ra, dac biet la nhung lanh dao cap trung cua to chuc.
Khi ban lam tot cdng viec va hieu rd tac ddng cua viec
ban lam, hay tang cho minh su man nguyen. Khi ban biet
minh dang tao ra ddng gdp dang ke, ban it can dong luc
thuc day ben ngoai. Dinh nghia tinh than cao la "Toi tao ra
su khac biet."
4. Ddn nhan su khen ngoi tu cac lanh dao
cap t r u n g khac
Khdng co ldi khen ngoi nao dang gia hon su thua nhan
va danh gia cao ciia ngudi co hoan canh, chuc vu hoac kinh
nghiem giong ban. Dieu do diing khdng? Mpt nhac si cd the
sung sudng vdi ldi tan tung cua ngudi ham md, nhung ldi
tan thudng t i i mpt nhac si khac cd y nghia hon nhieu. Khi
mpt doanh nhan nhan xet ai do gidi phat hien co hpi, ban tin
ngay dieu do. Tuong tu, khi mpt ngudi khac cung la lanh

81

NHA LANH DAO 360

dao cap trung ciia to chuc noi voi ban: "Lam to't day," ban se
ghi nhb sau sac.
Tieu thuyet gia Mark Twain tung noi: "Mot loi khen ngoi
co the nuoi song toi mpt thang." Dua theo nhan dinh cua
Mark Twain, toi lap ra bang danh gia sue manh cua loi khen.
Trong do, "tuoi thp" ciia loi khen phu thuoc vao ddi tuong
dua ra ldi khen.
NGUOI KHEN "TUOI THO"
Nhung ngudi
da lam cong viec cua ban

1 nam

Nhung ngudi
da chung kie'n ban lam viec

1 thang

Nhung ngudi
biet ve cong viec cua ban

1 tuan

Nhung ngudi nghi la ho

biet ve cong viec ciia ban

1 ngay

Nhung ngudi khong biet gi

ve cong viec cua ban

lgid

Nhung ngudi
khong lam viec

1 phut

Mpi ngudi thich dupe sep khen ngoi va ra siic kiem tim
ldi khen do. Nhung ldi khen t u dong nghiep, nhung ngudi
co cung hoan canh vdi ban, co y nghia hon nhieu.
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NHUNG THACH THUC.

5. H l l u sy khac biet glQa thang tien vi ban t h a n va
t h a n g tle>i k h 6 n g vi ban t h a n
Theky XVII, Isacc Newton phat minh Dinh luat van vat
hap dan. Khi ong cong bo cho gidi khoa hoc, no da tao nen
mot cupc each mang trong linh vuc thien van. Song, neu
khdng nhd Edmund Halley, nhung quan diem cua Newton
chac chi dupe mpt so it ngudi biet den.
Halley giup Newton sua chua nhung phep tinh toan hoc,
dat ra cac phan bien cho cac gia thiet cua Newton va phac
thao nhung hinh ve minh hoa cho cong trinh cua Newton.
Khi Newton ngan ngai xuat ban nhung y tudng ciia minh,
Halley la ngudi dau tien thuyet phuc Newton viet ban thao
roi bien tap va giam sat viec xuat ban. Halley tham chi con
tai tro chi phi in an, du khdng co nhieu nguon tai chinh nhu
Newton. Tac pham Mathematical Principles of Natural
Philosophy (Nhung nguyen ly toan hoc ciia trie't hoc tu
nhien) da giup Newton trd thanh mpt trong nhung nha tu
tudng loi lac nha't trong lich sir.
Halley hieu su khac biet giua thang tien vi ban than va
thang tien khong vi ban than. Vdi Halley, viec truyen ba nhung
quan diem ciia Newton quan trong hon viec Halley dupe ngoi
ca vi da giup do Newton. Ong hieu tarn quan trong ciia nhung
tu tudng do, ong mud'n ca the gidi biet den chung.
Do la hanh ddng cua nhung ngudi hieu rd su thang tien
khdng vi ban than. Dudi day la nhung diem khac biet ciia
hai loai thang tien nay:

83

NHA LANH DAO 360"

THANG TIEN
VI BAN THAN

THANG TIEN
KHONG VI BAN THAN

Toi truoc

Mpi ngudi trudc

Tien len

Xay dung

Gia'u giem thong tin

Chia se thong tin

Nhan vinh du

Nhudng vinh du
cho ngudi khac

Giu bong

Chuyen bong

Lua bong (do loi)

Chia bong

Loi keo ngudi khac

Dong vien ngudi khac

Thang tien vi ban than cd nghia la: "Neu ban khong thoi
tu va cua minh, khong ai thoi hp ban." Thang tien khong vi
ban than cd nghia la: "Toi chi muon giup ca nhom choi mpt
ban nhac hay!"
Tim Sanders trong cuon sach Love is the Killer App ciia
minh co ban ve tu duy phong phu, mpt y tudng dupe
Stephen Covey gidi thieu mpt thap ky trudc. Tim noi rang co
nhieu tai nguyen, su khen ngoi va co hdi du cho tat ca mpi
ngudi. Tren thuc te, Tim tin rang t u duy ngheo nan la goc re
ciia hau he't cac xung dot. Cac lanh dao cap trung xuat sac co
tu duy phong phu. Neu ban lanh dao tot t u vi tri giua doanh
nghiep, ban se khong phai d mai vi tri do. Lanh dao gioi

84

NHUNG THACH THUG.

ludn dugc chu y. Hua'n luyen vien khuc con cau huyen thoai
ciia dpi Green Bay Packer, Vince Lombardi, noi: "Trong so
chung ta, mot sd lam viec tot, con mot so thi khong. Nhung
tat ca chung ta se duoc danh gia bdi mot thu duy nha't, do la
ket qua." Lanh dao gioi co ket qua - nen ho duoc chii y.

85

THACH THUC

Si/ H A I

#5

L O N G

Cac lanh dao thich dung truoc

hon la dung

giua

BI QUYET Vl/OT QUA THACH THUC HAI LONG:

Vai trd lanh dao Id viec bo tri hon la chuc vu anh huong den nguoi khac tit bat cii vi tri nao.

oi gia dinh nhung ai doc cuon each nay hoac la co

khieu lanh dao bam sinh hoac co tham vong lanh dao
ngudi khac. Neu dung vay, ban chac muon lanh dao tu
"phia trudc" hay "tren cung". Cd mot cau ngan ngu ve
quang canh tu vi tri giua nhu sau: Khi ban la ngudi dung
dau, quang canh trudc mat ban luon thay ddi. Neu ban
khdng phai ngudi dung dau, quang canh trudc mat ban
ludn khong doi.
86

NHUNG THACH THUG.

Mpi nguoi du 6 vi tri nao cung luon so huu tham vpng tu
nhien muon tien len. Hp muon co dupe su cong nhan Ion
hon. Ho muon kiem nhieu tien hon. Hp muon song trong
ngoi nha dep hon. Hp muon trudng thanh va tien bp. Cac
lanh dao cung giong nhu vay. Hp muon tien len hon la "dat
dau ngoi day". Ho muon gay anh hudng ldn hon. Ho muon
d phia trudc doan ngudi hay diing dau mot to chiic, dac biet
la khi con tre. Nhung duoc dung dau co dang de ham mud'n
nhu vay khdng?

VI SAO CAC LANH DAO THICH DUNG TRUOC?

Co nhieu thuan loi khi diing trudc hay diing dau mot to
chuc. Nhung nhung thu cd loi cho ngudi lanh dao lai cd the
gay ra kho khan cho cdng viec lanh dao. No ludn la con dao
hai luoi. Nhung ai chi nhin thay mat tich cue ma khdng
nhan ra mat tieu cue la nhung ngudi ngay tho hoac chua
timg trai. Tdi cho rang ban se dong y vdi each nhin ciia tdi
khi biet nhung ly do cac lanh dao thich diing trudc.
1. Dung tructc la v| trf ndi b$t nha't
Nha tieu luan ngudi Rumania, E. M . Cioran phat bieu:
"Neu mpt ngudi phai xung tdi ve udc muon bi mat nha't, thii
truyen cam hung cho tat ca ke hoach, hanh ddng ciia ngudi
do, anh ta se noi: 'Tdi muon dupe ngoi ca.'" Dieu do khdng
diing? Mpi ngudi deu thich dupe ngoi ca va cdng nhan. Vi
lanh dao ludn la ngudi ndi bat nha't, nhan dupe nhieu vinh
87

NHA LANH DAO 360

quang nhat khi cong viec hoan thanh. Rat nhieu nguoi mong
udc tro thanh lanh dao.
Su cong nhan la con dao hai
luoi. Khi cong viec true trac, lanh
dao la ngudi chiu trach nhiem. Khi
mot doi bong co mot mua giai that
bai, tien ve la ngudi bi khien trach.
Khi cong ty khong ky duoc mot
hop dong ldn, ngudi phu trach
phai nhan trach nhiem. Dung dang
trudc co the rat tot cho cai toi cua
ban, nhung cung bupc ban phai tra

"Neu mot ngudi phai

xung toi veudc muon
btmat nhat, thu
truyen cam hung cho
tat cd ki'hoach, hanh
dong ciia ngudi do,
anh ta se ndi: 'Toi
muon duoc ngoi ca.'"
- E. M . Cioran

gia bang ca cong viec cua minh.

2. Quang canh dep hon khi dung trudc
Toi tung chung kie'n cuoc phong van cua mot phong
vien vdi mot nha leo nui ky cuu. Nha bao hdi: "Ly do anh
den vdi bp mon leo nui la gi? Dieu gi khien anh co the vupt
qua tat ca cong viec chuan bi, luyen tap, su rui ro va nhung
vet thuong?"
Nha leo nui nhin qua phong vien do va tra ldi: "Ro rang la
anh chua tung dung tren dinh nui bao gid. Cd dung la quang
canh tu tren dinh nui dep khac thudng khong? Dep me hon.
Canh nhin xa dep den khong tudng. Ma con thich thu hon
neu dinh nui do chi co the cham tdi bang each leo len."

88

NHONG THACH THUC

Tom Mullins, cuu hua'n luyen vien bong bau due, hien
dang lanh dao mot to chuc Ion 6 Palm Beach, Florida, noi:
"Vi tri giua thudng kho nhin thay bang tinh diem. Ban se
nhin thay ro hon nhieu khi dung dau to chuc." Ngudi dung
dau to chuc nhin thay nhung thu ma ngudi d vi tri khac
khdng the thay. Nhung ngudi
diing dau cd trach nhiem vdi
Nhung lanh dao dung
nhung gi ma ho nhin thay. Neu
truoc khong duoc tu do
^
Id di nhimg vi chuc vu
- , .
. . . ,
, . . ,
, , ,
,, , J
to chuc chech huone, co hai cho
cho phep ho nhin thay.

,
nhan vien, hay lua doi khach hang,
z
ban cd trach nhiem giai quyet
chiing, du hao ton tien bac hay kho
khan the nao. Nhung lanh dao dung trudc khdng duoc tu
do Id di nhung gi chuc vu cho phep hp nhin thay.
b

t h a y

rfg

3. L3nh dao dung trudc quye't d|nh hudng dl

Khi mdi lanh dao, tdi nghi lanh dao dung trudc cd the
kiem soat mpi viec trong to chiic. Khi lanh dao dupe mpt
thoi gian dai, toi kham pha ra rang lanh dao kiem soat rat it
(Nhung ngudi co su kiem soat hoan toan trong cupc song la
nhung ngudi khong lanh dao bat cii thu gi. Hp chi chiu
trach nhiem cho ban than, khdng phai cho ngudi khac).
Trong to chiic, nhung lanh dao gioi chii yeu kiem soat
hai thu: dinh hudng va thai gian. Nhung neu hp lanh dao
khong tot va mpi ngudi khdng di theo hp, thi tham chi hp
khdng the kiem soat dupe hai thu do.

89

NHA LANH DAO 360'

4. Lanh dao cd the d i n dau
Mot trong nhung dong luc quan trong thuc day cac lanh
dao la su tien b d Nha tham hiem David Livingstone tung
not: "Toi se di bat cu noi dau mien la tien ve phi'a trudc." La
nha lanh dao, ban chac han phai yeu thich viec tien len phia
trudc va tien cang nhanh cang tot. Nhung viec do cung co
khi phan tac dung vdi chinh ban. Neu ban vupt len xa qua
tdi muc moi ngudi khdng theo kip, thi to chuc ciia ban se
khong thanh cong. Ngudi chie'n thang thudng can dich dau
tien, nhung cac lanh dao hiem khi lam nhu vay. Thanh cong
cua ngudi lanh dao den tu viec dua nhung ngudi khac can
dich cimg minh.
Trong cuon Winning with People (Dac nhan tarn), Nguyen
tac Kien tri phat bieu nhu sau: Hanh trinh di ciing ngubi
khac cham hon hanh trinh di mot minh. Nguyen tac nay
diing trong moi linh vuc ciia cupc song ma ban dang co
gang lanh dao. Viec di tdi ciia hang tap pham se nhanh hon
nhieu neu ban khong phai mang theo con cai. Di cong tac
vdi dong nghiep khong bao gid nhanh nhu di mpt minh (Co
khi thudng mat ba muoi phut chi de thong nha't noi an d).
Mpt ngudi choi golf co the choi he't san trong thai gian bang
mot nua thai gian choi cua nhom boh ngudi.
La lanh dao, ban co the tao ra mpt hinh mau ting xii ma
ban mong muon ngudi khac lam theo, nhung ban khong the
di vdi toe dp nhanh theo y ban. Nhung ngudi tien len nhanh
nhu ban chi cd the la nhung lanh dao khac.

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NHUNG THACH THUG

5. Lanh dao thich hanh d d n g
Cac lanh dao luon muon moi viec duoc hoan thanh, nen
ho luon muon co mat 6 noi dien ra hanh dong. Nhung noi
dien ra hanh dong thudng khong phai d vi tri hang dau hay
phia trudc cua to chuc. Cac quyet dinh trong dai thudng
duoc dua ra d nhung vi tri do, nhung hanh dong that su
thudng xav ra d vi tri giua cua to chuc, noi co nhieu hoat
dong thu vi nha't xay ra. Doug Carter, Pho Chu dch EQUIP to chuc phi loi nhuan do toi sang lap de dao tao lanh dao d
nude ngoai - la hinh mau tieu bieu cua mot lanh dao thich
hanh dong. Doug tung lanh dao mot to chuc phi loi nhuan
kha noi tieng. Ong da cd the trd thanh lanh dao so mot cua
rat nhieu to chuc hang dau, nhung tarn nhin va su menh cua
EQUIP da chinh phuc ong. Va thay vi trd thanh ngudi dung
dau, Doug chpn trd thanh ngudi so hai d EQUIP. Tu vi tri
do, Doug dang gay dung tarn anh hudng tren toan the gidi.
Tdi khong the hinh dung ndi EQUIP se nhu the nao neu
thieu Doug.

CACH DE HAI LONG VOI VI TRI CAP TRUNG:

N H I N BAO QUAT BUC T R A N H T O A N C A N H
Nha giao due Henrietta Mears noi: "Nhung ai luon ban
rpn giup do cap dudi se khdng cd thai gian de ghen ti vdi
cap tren." Thai dp dung dan nay tuyet ddi can thiet cho su
thda man khi d vi tri giua cua to chuc. That vay, vai tro lanh
dao la viec bo tri hon la chuc vu. Vdi thai dp dung va ky

91

NHA LANH DAO 360"

nang clung, ban co the anh huong
den moi nguoi tu bat cu vi tri nao
trong to chuc.
Vay lam the nao de hai long va
thoa man voi vi tri ciia minh? Hay
lam theo nam budc sau:

"Nltung ai ludn ban

rdn giup do cap dudi se
khdng cd thoi gian de
ghen ti voi cap tren."
- Henrietta Mears

1. Phat t r l i n moi quan h b6n

vung vol nhung nh3n vat chu chot
Mot doan phim hoat hinh Peanuts cua Charles Schulz
chie'u canh Lucy noi vdi Snoopy: "Nhieu luc cau that su lam
to phat cau, nhung to phai thiia nhan rang co nhung luc to
rat muon 6m cau", Snoopy nghe xong nghi bung, Tdi Id the...
ddng dm va.lam kho chiu. Toi nghi dieu do diing vdi hau he't
moi ngudi, trong do co ca toi. Moi ngudi deu co nhung uu
diem va nhuoc diem. Bi quyet de thoa man khong phai la
giao tie'p ngpt ngao; ma la phat trien moi quan he ben vung
vdi moi ngudi.
Quan he tot vdi moi ngudi quan trong hon la tien bo
hon moi ngudi. Neu ban dat ra muc tieu giup do va xay
dung mdi quan he vdi moi ngudi, ban se tim thay su thoa
man tu bat cu vi tri nao. Dii ban lam gi di nua, ban cung
dung de dang t i i bo moi quan he vdi ngudi khac chi vi
ngay tu dau ban da khong ua ho hoac khong de quan he
vdi ho. Theo thoi gian, chinh ban se thay ngac nhien bdi
lam the nao ma mpt ke thu tiem nang lai tro thanh mpt
dong minh than can.
92

NHLfNG THACH THUC.

2. Chie'n thcing la t h a n h qua chung
Hua'n luyen vien bong ro huyeh thoai John Wooden noi:
"Thanh phan chinh cua mot cau thu ngoi sao la phan con lai
cua dpi bong." Noi each khac, chiing ta phai nhan ra rang
chinh su hpp tac cua mpi ngubi tao nen thanh cong. Mot cau
thu co the la chu cho't voi toan dpi, nhung mpt cau thu
khong the lap ra mpt dpi bong. Lanh dao cung vay, du gioi
co nao thi cung khong thanh mot nhom ngubi.
Khi nghi ve mpt ngubi rat thanh cong trong viec lanh dao
mpi ngubi tu vi tri giua va hpp tac chat che voi mpi ngubi,
toi nghi den Bob Christian, trung phong doi Atlanta Falcons.
Christian dupe danh gia la "trung phong toan dien nha't
trong mon bong bau due". Dan Reeves, hua'n luyen vien ky
cuu ciia giai bong bau due My noi ve Christian rang anh la
"ngubi can bong gioi nha't toi tung biet". Hon mpt lan anh
dupe binh chpn la cau thu choi hay nhat tran bong nhb
nhung pha can bong cua minh. Nhieu ngubi chua tung nghe
den cai ten Christian du hp ham mp bong bau due. Anh
chua bao gib pha ky luc so lan chay, bat hay cham vach,
nhung anh thay hai long va thanh cong voi tu each la mpt
cau thu. Bat cu ai tran trong gia tri cua su hpp tac khi xem
Christian choi bong deu nhb den anh.
3. Khdng ngung giao tie'p
Mpt trong nhung dieu khien cac lanh dao khong dung dau
chan nan la hp chi each nguon khoi tao tarn nhin cua to chuc
93

NHA LANH DAO 360

vai budc chan. Tarn nhin lien tuc duoc dinh huong va hinh
thanh, vi vay, dieu quan trong la tham gia vao su truyen dat
lien tuc. Neu ban dang b "trong" tarn nhin chie'n luoc va lien
tuc cap nhat thong tin, ban se khong bi bat ngo truoc nhung
thay doi hay mat tinh than vi bi dung ngoai cube.
Vi la lanh dao cap trung ciia to chiic, nen viec nhan su
truyen dat rat quan trong, nhung quan trong bang hoac hon
la viec truyen dat len tren. Viec nay
doi hoi nhieu no luc vi no khong tu
nhien xay ra. No doi hoi no luc va
ca su chu tarn. Khi ban tuong tac
&

voi lanh dao cua minh, hay cho ho

biet ban thuc day tarn nhin nhu the
nao. Lay y kie'n phan hoi cua lanh
dao va dat cau hoi de tim ra nhung
dieu ban nen biet de truyen dat

Cang thuc hien hieu

.
. . ,- ,
qua vai tro lanh dao
cap trung cua minh,
ban se cdng thay man
nguyen.
s

tarn nhin toi ngubi khac hieu qua hon. Cang thuc hien hieu
qua vai tro lanh dao cap trung cua minh, ban se cang thay
man nguyen.
4. C6 duyc kinh nghiem va su trudng thanh
Trong cuon The Autobiography of Harry Golden (Tu truyen
ciia Harry Golden), tac gia viet: "Tinh hieu chie'n cua tubi tre
la ket qua true tie'p cua viec khong lubng he't cac hau qua.
Con ga ray khong sai khi hang ngay tham lam chay toi cho
ngubi nong dan tung thbc cho no. Chi la khong ai noi cho no
biet ve Le Ta on."
94

NHUNG THACH THUG.

Sir truong thanh khong tu nhien toi. Ban toi, Ed Cole,
thuong noi: "Su trudng thanh khong den ciing tudi tac. No
bat dau vdi viec nhan trach nhiem." Khi ban cb nhieu kinh
nghiem va tarn nhin xa hon, dung dang trudc khong con la
dieu quan trong. Chu tarn va hoan thanh xuat sac cac trach
nhiem duoc giao mang den su hai long Ion hon la dia v i ,
chuc danh hay uy tin ban cb duoc khi diing dau.
Su kien nhan thuong den cung vdi su trudng thanh. Kien
nhan giup ban cb thoi gian hoc hoi, thiet lap mang ludi quan
he va trd nen thong thai. Nha van hai hudc Arnold Glasow
noi: "Long kien nhan la chia khba cua moi thii. Ban cb nhung
con ga bang each ap trung chii khong phai dap vo trung."
5. Be" cao tp thi hon thanh cdng ca nhan
Cac thanh vien cua ddi bong gioi ludn dat thanh cong cua
ca dpi len trudc tien thudng cua tiing ca nhan. Mpt vi du
tuyet vdi cho trudng hpp nay la hanh ddng cua hai chinh tri
gia noi tie'ng trong The chie'n thu hai - Winston Churchill va
Clement Attlee.
Hai lanh dao hoan toan trai ngupc nhau. Churchill la
dang vien Dang Bao thu, trong khi Attee thupc Dang Lao
dong. Churchill d u dan, nong nay va kieu ngao; Attlee lai
tham tram va khiem ton. Day la tn'ch doan Churchill viet ve
Attlee: "Ong ay la ngudi dan ong nhun nhan vdi su khiem
ton ve mpi thu." The nhung, hai ngudi dan dng ay da cung
nhau phung su loi ich cua nude Anh mpt each dang nguong
m d Khi Churchill dupe bau lam Thu tudng Anh nam 1940,
95

NHA LANH DAO 360

ong chon Attlee lam thanh vien Noi cac phu trach chie'n
tranh, sau do bo nhiem Attlee lam Phb Thu tuong. Thuc te,
trong suot thoi gian chie'n tranh, Noi cac chi gom hai thanh
vien la Churchill va Attlee.
Mot trong nhung nguyen nhan then cho't dan toi chie'n
thang cua nude Anh la ca hai lanh dao dat loi ich dat nude
len tren tham vpng ca nhan. Su khac biet sau sac giua hai
ngubi ve quan diem lanh dao va dieu hanh chinh phu duoc
thay rb sau chien tranh nam 1945. Hai ngubi doi dau nhau
trong cupc chay dua gianh chiec ghe'thu tudng va Churchill
da danh bai Attlee.
Hai lanh dao nay da thuc hien dieu hp cho la dung dan,
trong va sau cube chie'n. Ho dat quoc gia len tren loi ich ca
nhan, giup ngubi Anh gianh chien thang. Muc dich that su
cua lanh dao la giup do mpi ngudi gianh chien thang. Dieu
do quan trong hon nhieu viec ban dung b vi tri nao trong so
do to chuc.

96

THACH THUG

T A M

#6

N H I N

Bao ve tarn nhin kho hon khi

ban khong

tao ra no

BI QUYET V U O T QUA T H A C H T H U C T A M N H I N :
Ban dau tu cdng nhieu cho tarn nhin,
no cdng thuoc

vehan.

an thfch lam gi hon? Nhin thay tarn nhin cua minh

ctupc thuc hien va dat thanh ruu? Hay giup nguoi khac
thuc hien tarn nhin cua hp? Cau tra ldi cua nhung ngudi
muon lanh dao ludn la ve mpt. Cac lanh dao nhin thay
nhung co hdi va muon "torn" lay chung. Hp ludn mud'n lam
viec de thuc hien tarn nhin cua hp hon la cua ngudi khac tru phi tarn nhin ciia lanh dao do that su thuyet phuc va hap

97

NHA LANH DAO 360

dan. Tuy nhien, la lanh dao cap trung nghia la ban duoc yeu
cau tro thanh ngubi bao ve cho tarn nhin ciia ngubi khac
chu khong phai cua ban. Tren thuc te, tru cac lanh dao dung
dau, mpi ngubi trong to chuc se phai thuc hien mot tarn
nhin chien lupc khong phai do hp tao ra.

CACH MOI NGUOI PHAN UNG VOI

T H A C H THUC T A M N H I N
Cau hoi dat ra la: Ban phan ung the nao voi thach thuc
tarn nhin? Ngay ca khi tarn nhin cua ban khien ban hung thu
hon tarn nhin cua ngubi khac. De cb co hpi theo duoi nhung
gia'c mo cua minh, ban gan nhu chac chan phai thanh cong
trong viec hoan thanh gia'c mo ciia ngubi khac.
Cb nhieu phan ung khac nhau khi lanh dao de ra tarn
nhin va cb gang tranh thu su ung hp cua mpi ngubi. Nhung
phan ung duoi day dupe sap xep theo su tien len tu tieu cue
nha't den tich cue nha't.
1. Tan cdng - chi trich va pha ho?i tim nhin
Khong phai ai cung tin ngay vao chie'n lupc cua to chuc,
ngay ca khi no rat thuyet phuc va ngubi lanh dao da truyen
dat no rat xuat sac. Dieu do hoan toan la su that va nhung
ngubi phan doi khong phai deu la nhung nhan vien toi. Hay
cung tim hieu nhung nguyen nhan pho bie'n nha't khien mpt
tarn nhin cb gia tri khong duoc mpi ngubi thong qua.

98

NHUNG THACH THUG.

Hp k h o n g gop phan tao ra no. Hay doi mat voi dieu
nay. Hau he't moi ngudi khdng thich thay ddi va bat cu khi
nao cd ngudi bat dau de ra mot tarn nhin, thay doi la dieu
khdng tranh khoi. Tdi rung cho rang cac lanh dao thich cac
thay ddi, con nhan vien thi khdng. Nhung khi trudng thanh
hon, tdi nhan ra cac lanh dao cung
khdng thich thay ddi, tru phi do la ~=
v tudng cua ho!
, ,. , ,

Lac lanh dao cung

Thai do vdi thay ddi cua moi
khong thich thay doi,
ngubi se khac di khi hp gbp cdng
tru phi do Id
tao ra no. Su tham gia lam tang
V tuong cua ho!
J

quyen sd huu. Khi ban la ong chu, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

ban nhin mpi thu khac han. Ban
quan tarn hon den bat cu thu gi. Neu ban nghi ngb, hay tra
ldi cau hdi: Lan cud'i cung ban lau chili mpt chiec xe di mupn
la khi nao? Chac chan viec do chua bao gib xay ra. Mpi ngudi
chi quan tarn tbi nhung thu thupc ve minh.
Hp khong hieu. Mpi ngubi khdng tin tudng mpt tarn
nhin ma hp khong hieu. No dung la khdng xay ra. Chi vi cac
lanh dao trinh bay tarn nhin ro rang va thuyet phuc, khong
cb nghia la tat ca mpi ngudi that su hieu no. Cac kieu va
phong each truyen dat khac nhau khdng thich hpp vdi mpi
ngudi nhu nhau.
Khi Max DePree, tac gia cud'n Leadership is an Art (Lanh
dao la mot nghe thuat) dupe hdi ve vai trd cua ngudi lanh
dao trong mpt to chuc, dng ndi: "Ban phai hanh dpng giohg
nhu mpt giao vien ldp ba. Ban phai lap di lap lai tarn nhin
tdi khi nao mpi ngudi deu nam duoc." Mpt lanh dao that su
99

NHA LANH DAO 360

khon ngoan se truyen dat tam nhin theo nhieu each thuc va
phuong phap, trong cac boi canh khac nhau.
Hp k h o n g tan thanh tarn nhin. Mot so ngubi phan ung
tieu cue vbi mot tam nhin boi vi ho nghi tam nhin do khong
the thuc hien. Ngubi khac nghi ket qua thu duoc se rat it boi
tam nhin do qua han hep. Cb nhung ngubi ngan can do tam
nhin da thay doi tu thoi diem ho tham gia. Nhung rat
thuong xuyen, van de that su lien quan toi nha lanh dao.
Neu moi ngubi phan doi mot tam nhin, thuong thi boi vi ho
cb van de vbi ngubi de ra no.
Nguyen tic Niem tin trong 22 Nguyen tac vang cua nghe
thuat lanh dao phat bieu rang, moi ngubi tin tuong vao lanh
dao truoc, rbi moi toi tam nhin. Neu hp tin vao ngubi lanh
dao, hp don nhan nhung dieu ngubi lanh dao do tin tuong.
Ngay ca khi lanh dao cua hp pho bie'n mpt tam nhin khong
cb sue thuyet phuc, nhung ngubi tin tuong vao nha lanh
dao van se tie'p tuc ung hp anh ta. Nguyen tac Niem tin cung
cho thay dieu ngupc lai: Du tam nhin tuyet vbi the nao, neu
mpi ngubi khong tin tuong nha lanh dao, hp se cb van de
vbi viec tin tuong tam nhin.
Hp k h o n g biet tam nhin. Hoan toan khong cb su khac
biet ve ket qua giua ngubi khong biet tam nhin cua to chuc
vbi mpt to chuc khong he co tam nhin. Ket qua khong the
tranh dupe la su bat man va chan nan.
Neu ban tuyen nhung ngubi moi vao to chuc sau khi de
ra tam nhin moi nha't, se cb nhung nhan vien khong biet gi
ve tam nhin cua to chuc. Day la van de luon ton tai trong cac

100

NHONG THACH THUG

to chiic. Cac doanh nghiep phat dat thuong tuyen nhieu

nhan vien moi nhung lai khong chuan bi dieu gi giup hp
biet va don nhan tam nhin. Moi to chuc can cb mpt quy trinh
de tat ca mpi thanh vien deu biet
ve tam nhin. Nhung ngay ca khi
ban dam bao moi thanh vien trong
to chiic deu nghe nbi ve tam nhin,
dieu do khong cb nghia la tat ca
J"
-r"
mpi nguoi deu biet ve no. l a m
nhin rb ri. No can dupe truyen dat
ro rang, sang tao va lien tuc.

Tam nhin ro ri. No

can duoc truyen dat
rang, sang tao
vd lien tuc.
r

Nhung tham chi khi ban chac chan mpi thanh vien deu
nghe thay tam nhin cung khong cb nghia la hp biet ve no. Tam
nhin can dupe truyen dat rb rang, sang tao va thuong xuyen.
Hinh dung moi ngubi trong to chiic cb mpt cai be nubc
chua tam nhin trong do. Gia sii trong be nubc do cb mpt vet
mit hoac mpt 16 nhb. Boi "nhan vo thap toan", ban khong
the loai bb nhung lb rb nay. Dieu tot nhat ban co the lam la
lien tuc do cho day be. Mpt vai lanh dao khong thich nhac di
nhac lai, nhung that su khong con each nao khac neu ban
muon tat ca mpi ngubi deu biet den tam nhin.
Hp thay k h o n g can dat dupe no. Khi tranh thu su giup
do cua mpi ngubi de hoan thanh mpt tam nhin, mpi nguoi
thuong co ba kieu thai dp khac nhau. Ngubi dau tien noi:
"Chung toi se lam viec nay co hoac khong co anh deu dupe";
ngubi thii hai noi: "Chac chan chung toi muon anh giup lam
dieu nay"; nguoi thu ba nbi: "Chung toi khong the lam viec
101

NHA LANH DAO 360

nay neu thieu anh". Ban chic chan (loan duoc thai dp nao
truyen cam hiing, dong vien mpi nguoi tham gia va dong
gdp nhieu nha't.
Cac lanh dao doc tai kieu cu co kha nang thanh cong vdi
kieu thai dp thu nhat, nhung viec nay khdng con thich hop
vdi con ngudi ngay nay. Kieu thu hai doi khi cd ket qua. Tuy
nhien, ca hai kieu dau tien deu khong hieu qua bang kieu
thu ba. Kieu thu ba la dong luc thuc day cac lanh dao kien
tri va lam viec xuat sac, ngay ca khi phai duong dau vbi kho
khan va trb ngai.

Trong The chie'n thu hai, cac cong nhan d xudng san xuat
du phai san xuat hang nghin chiec du cung cap cho chie'n
tranh. Cdng viec do cue ky vat va va met mbi. Hp ngoi may
khau hang gid, may hang met vai trang. Mdi bud'i sang, cac
cong nhan dupe nhac nhd rang mdi duong kim mui chi ciia
hp cd quan he tdi mang song cua cac chie'n si. Nhung ngudi
chong, ngudi anh, ngudi con cua hp cd the deo chiec du hp
may ngay hdm do. Nhung ngudi ay khdng the dupe cuu
102

NHLTNG THACH THUC.

song neu khong co no luc cua hp. Su lap lai tam nhin hang
ngay de ho biet rang no se khong the thuc hien neu thieu no
luc cua ho da giup hp hep tuc cong viec.
Hp khong san sang. That dang buon khi nbi rang mpt so
ngubi khong san sang ve mat tam ly, tri tue hoac ky nang
nghe nghiep de cb the bubc len, don nhan tam nhin va thuc
hien no. Neu hp san sang nhung khong cb kha nang, hp cb
the dupe dao tao va boi duong. Nhung neu hp vua khong
san sang lai khong cb kha nang thi ban khong the giup gi
nhieu cho hp.
Nha lanh dao 360 la nhung "ong dan" tin tuc, noi khuc
tren va khuc duoi cua to chuc. Khi gap kho khan boi mpt
trong sau nguyen nhan: mpi ngubi khong gbp phan tao ra
tarn nhin, khong hieu tam nhin, khong tan thanh tam nhin,
khong biet den tam nhin, thay khong can dat dupe tam nhin
hay khong san sang, thi "ong dan" co the bi tac va tam nhin
khong the "chay" tu lanh dao hang dau toi nhung ngubi
that su thuc hien cong viec. Neu tam nhin khong ket nbi toi
ngubi lao dong, no se khong bao gib giup to chuc dat dupe
thanh cong.
2. Phot Id tim nhin - lam vlc rieng cua minh
Mpt so nguoi kheng tan cong nhung cung khong ung hp
tam nhin. Thay vao do, hp coi nhu no khong ton tai va lam
viec rieng cua minh. Cac lanh dao khong the lam nhu the ma
van duy tri dupe tinh ngay thang va hieu qua. Toi tung nbi
chuyen vbi mpt lanh dao nhieu nam lam viec b vi tri giua
103

NHA LANH DAO 360

cua to chiic. Ong ke rang, mot lan sep yeu cau ong trao doi
voi mot nhan vien ve van de ma quan ao. Van de la chinh
ban than ong cung khong dong tinh vbi chinh sach nay.
Nhung ong tin vao tam nhin xa va rbng hon cua to chiic va
muon ung ho sep, vi the ong trao doi vbi ngubi nhan vien.
Viec nay rat khb khan vi ngubi nhan vien nghi rang dieu le
nay qua vun vat. Nhung lanh dao cap trung kien quyet ung
hb sep. Ngubi nhan vien khong bao gib biet dupe rang vi
lanh dao nay dong tinh vbi anh ta, chii khong phai vbi sep
ciia ong.
3. Tu b6 t_m nhin - roi khdl to chuc
Neu tam nhin xam pham cac nguyen tac cua ban hoac
khong dai dien cho dieu ban coi trong, roi bb to chiic cb le la
hanh dong thich hop. Doi khi, giai phap hay nhat la ra di
trong danh du. Bang each do, lanh dao cap trung vua khong
pha hoai tam nhin vua khong phai ung hp mpt thu ma minh
khong the dong y. Tuy nhien, toi phai canh bao. Neu mpt
lanh dao cap trung cua to chiic thoi viec v i nhung ly do
khong dung dan, anh ta cb the gap hoan canh tuong tu b to
chiic khac. Neu ban dang can nhac roi bb to chiic, ban phai
bao dam la minh khong lam thevi tinh ich ky hay cai toi.
4. Thich nghi vol tim nhin - tim each gin b6 vol
t a m nhin
Mpt nhan vien tot phai biet tim each thich nghi vbi tam
nhin cua to chiic. Bret la mpt quan ly cap trung, phu trach
104

NHUNGTHACH THUG
cung cap phan mem ho tro may tinh va quan ly thong tin
cho phong dao tao cua mot to chuc. Bret rat chan nan vi anh
thay cong viec ciia minh khong dong gbp duoc nhieu vao
tam nhin cua to chuc.
Thay vi am uc hay than phien, anh gap lanh dao de trinh
bay van de. Ho cung nhau ban bac va phat hien ra phong
cua anh cb the tao ra gia tri lbn cho to chiic bang each thiet
ke nhung he thong sii dung cong nghe giup cho viec dao tao
nhanh chong, hieu qua va thu nhieu loi nhuan. Bang each
dieu chinh de thich nghi vbi tam nhin cua to chiic, Bret
khong nhung tang them gia tri cho to chuc, gia tang doanh
so, ma con giup ban than hai long.
Douglas Randlett, ngubi lam viec vbi cuu hua'n luyen
vien bong bau due, muc su Tom Mullins, da bao ve luan an
tien si ve van de lanh dao h i vi tri giua cua to chuc. Ong nbi
rang, khi tam nhin ciia lanh dao cap trung khong "thang
hang" vbi tam nhin cua lanh dao diing dau, su hai long
cong viec se tha'p. Khi hai yeu to do "thang hang", su hai
long cao va thanh cong cung vay.
5. Thuc hl$n t_m nhin - nhan t_m nhin va hl$n thuc
hoa n6
Tam nhin cb the bat dau vbi mot ngubi, nhung duoc
hoan thanh nhb vao no luc cua nhieu ngubi. Nha lanh dao
360 nen don nhan tam nhin cua lanh dao va lam viec de
thuc hien no. Ho can co gang phan dau de dua tam nhin t u
toi sang chung ta.
105

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Tam nhin cb the bat

dau voi mot ngubi,
nhung duoc hoan
thanh nhb no luc ciia
nhieu ngubi.

John W. Gardner noi: "Then

vpng chua bao gib sang sua hon
theva cac van de chua bao gib kho
khan den the. Bat cu ai khong bi
kich dong bbi ca hai lbi bay to tren
deu da qua moi met den muc
khong the giup gi nhieu cho chung
ta trong nhung ngay sap toi."

Trong suot 35 nam lanh dao cac to chuc, toi luon lam viec
vat va de truyen dat tam nhin tbi nhan vien. Mot so ngubi
don nhan no; so khac thi khong.
NHLTNG NGUOI
BAO VE TAM NHIN

NHUNG NGUOI
KHONG BAO VE TAM NHIN

Dat nhu cau cua to chuc

len truoc

Dat nhu cau cua ho

len truoc

Dat tam nhin

truoc moi ngubi

De ban than ho
len truoc moi ngubi

Dai dien xuat sac cho tbi

truoc moi ngubi

Dai dien xuat sac cho ban

than truoc mpi ngubi

Hieu ro vai tro cua ho

Hieu nham vai tro cua ho

Nhung ngubi khong chap nhan tam nhin khong bao gib
thuc hien no hay truyen dat no tbi nhan vien cua hp. Ket qua
la, nhung ngubi hp lanh dao thuong khong dong gop dupe
gi vao thanh cong chung cua to chuc.
106

NHUNG THACH THUG.

6. Gia t _ n g gia t r i cho t a m nhin
Phan urig rich cue nha't ddi vdi tam nhin cua lanh dao la
khong nhung bao ve ma con that su gia tang gia tri cho no.
Khi do, tam nhin trd thanh mpt cai gi do ldn hon. No cb gia
tri ldn hon vbi lanh dao, vbi ngudi nhan tam nhin va vdi
ngudi ddng gbp cho no.
Khong phai ai cung cb co hdi tang them gia tri cho tam
nhin. Dieu kien tien quyet de co dupe co hdi do la bao ve
tam nhin hien cb. Nhung dieu tuyet vdi la: Khi ban bat dau
gia tang gia tri cho tam nhin, ban da loai bb thach thuc tam
nhin bdi vi ban khong bao ve tam nhin cua ngubi khac nua;
ban dang bao ve mpt tam nhin ma ban da gbp phan tao nen.
Khong ai bao ve tam nhin va gia tang gia tri cho no giong
cac cdng su cua tbi d EQUIP, mpt to chuc phi loi nhuan tdi
thanh lap nam 1996. Ngay tu dau, su menh ciia chung tdi la
dao tao cac lanh dao. Khi bat dau, chie'n lupc cua chung tdi
la lam viec trong ba khu vuc chuyen biet: gioi hoc vien, khu
vuc thanh thj va qud'c re. Nam 2001, chung tdi thu hep cac
trong tam va tinh gian tam nhin. Chung tdi quyet djnh
chuyen hudng tap trung vao dao tao lanh dao d nude ngoai.
Mdi ngudi trong EQUIP la mpt ngudi bao ve tam nhin,
nhung cac lanh dao chu chd't tham chi con lam nhieu hon la
bao ve tam nhin. Hp da cb cdng giup EQUIP nhan ra su can
thiet de tap trung chu y va lam mpt viec that xuat sac chii
khdng phai lam ba viec nhung chi tot vua phai.

107

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Noi bat nhat la chuong trinh Million Leaders Mandate.
Day la hoat dong dao tao danh cho mpt trieu lanh dao tren
khap the gioi cua chung tbi.
Hang ngay, cac thanh vien cua EQUIP bao ve tam nhin,
cung vbi nhung lanh dao chung tbi muon dao tao mien phi,
cac cong tac vien tang chung tbi thoi gian va tien bac de dao
tao cac lanh dao tren toan cau, va nhung nha tai tro ma m6i
db-la cua hp deu dupe tai tro cho cac d u an. Hp la nhung doi
tac bao ve tam nhin ma chung tbi cung nhau tao ra. Va vi
the, tbi biet on hp rat nhieu.

108

THACH THUC

A N H

#7

H l / O N G

Rat kho lanh dao nhieng nguoi

khdng

thuoc

quyen

han

BI QUYET VUOT QUA THACH THUC ANH HUONG:

Nghive

anh huong, khong nghi ve chtic vu.

hi doc xong sau thach thuc, co le ban cam thay anh

huong cua chung doi vbi ban rat nhb. Neu vay, ban la
ngubi may man. Tuy nhien, khong ai tranh duoc thach thuc
anh huong, du to chuc cua ban tuyet vbi tbi dau va sep cua
ban xuat sac the nao. Lanh dao nhung ngubi b ngoai quyen
han cua ban khong de dang. Neu su lanh dao chan chinh la
cong viec de dang, thi ai cung cb thelanh dao xuat sic.
109

NHA LANH DAO 360

Hau he't cac lanh dao gioi deu tin tuong ban than va cong
viec lanh dao cua hp. Hp tu tin rang neu mpi ngubi di theo
ho, ca nhom se cb loi va hoan thanh muc tieu. Vay tai sao
dieu do khong thuong xuyen xay
ra? Vi sao nhung ngubi true tie'p
Mid lanh dao 360 can
duoi quyen ban khong xep hang di
thay ddi suy nghi tit
theo ban? Boi vi hp khong phai lam
"Tdi muon mot chuc vu
vay! Lanh dao la anh hubng. Neu
khien moi ngudi di
ban khong cb ca chuc vu lan anh
theo," thanh "Toi muon
hubng, mpi ngubi se khong di theo
trd thanh mot ngudi
ban. Hp cang b xa pham v i chuc vu
moi ngudi muon
cua ban, hp cang it de ban gay anh
di theo."
hubng. Vi vay, nha lanh dao 360
can phai lam viec de thay doi suy
nghi: Tdi muon mot chiec vu khien moi nguoi di theo, thanh Tdi
muon trd thanh mot ngudi moi ngudi muon di theo.

MOI NGUOI DI THEO NH0NG LANH DAO...

That ao tuong khi tin rang mpi ngubi se tu giac di theo
ban chi vi ban la mpt lanh dao cb chiic vi. Cac lanh dao thuc
su diing dau deu hieu rang khong the dua vao chiic vi de
lanh dao mpi ngubi. Mpi ngubi cb di theo ban khong? Neu
mpi ngubi di theo ban horn nay, hp se di theo ban vao ngay
mai khi ban cb chiic vi cao hon. Nhung neu bay gib mpi
ngubi khong di theo ban, thi hp se khong di theo ban tbi noi
ban sap den.

110

NHUNG THACH THUC

Giai phap duy nha't cho thach thuc anh hudng la trd
thanh mau ngudi lanh dao nhung ngudi khac muon di theo.
Va mau ngudi lanh dao nhu the nao?
Mpi nguoi dl theo lanh dao ho bllt - lanh dao quan
t a m t d i hp
Nhieu ngudi co gang thay ddi ngudi khac bang each chi
trich hoac ap dat. Do do, moi ngubi thuong phan ung bang
each phong thu, to ra hieu chie'n hay cd lap ban than. Nha
cai each dao Tin lanh, John Knox, nbi: "Ban khdng the cung
luc gay ra su thu dich va anh hudng."
Trai lai, neu lanh dao quan tam den rung ngudi, mpi
ngudi se phan ung tot vdi hp. Hp cang quan tam sau sac,
tam anh hubng cua hp cang lan
rpng va xa hon. Bo Schembechler,
cuu hua'n luyen vien truong doi
Ban khdng the gay ra
bong bau due truong Dai hoc
su thu dich vd dnh
... , .
, ,
>.,-/
- u
huong cung mot luc.
Michigan, nhan xet: Cac cau thu
*
*
tu trong tham tam phai biet rang
-John Knox
ban quan tam den hp. Day la dieu
quan trong nha't. Tdi khdng the cb
dupe thanh cong nhu ngay hdm nay neu cac cau thu nghi
rang toi khong quan tam den hp. Sau cung, tbi cb cho trong
trai tim cua hp."
t

Mpi ngubi cb the doan dupe cam nhan cua ban ve hp. Hp
cd the chi ra su khac nhau giua nhung lanh dao cu xu vdi hp
vi loi ich ca nhan va nhung lanh dao muon giup hp thanh

111

NHA LANH DAO 360"

cong. Moi nguoi nong nhiet voi nhung nguoi nhiet tinh. Ho
biet trai tim cua nguoi quan tam toi hp va dap lai su quan
tam do nhu vay. Toi cho rang, lanh dao nhiet tinh tao ra
nhung nguoi di theo nhiet tinh. Neu ban co'gang quan tam
tbi ngubi khac va giup dd hp, thi hp se no luc he't sue de
giup do ban khi ban yeu cau.
Mpi ngirdl dl theo l_nh dao hp tin tudng - iSnh dao c6
ca t i n h
Nha ly luan chinh tri Thomas Paine nbi: "Toi nguong mo
ngubi nao cb the mim cuoi khi gap kho khan, cb the tap hop
sue luc t u canh khon cung va tro nen dung cam nhb nhung
loi nhan xet." Dieu gi tie'p them sue manh cho ngubi lanh
dao de bieu 16 nhung pham chat dang nguong mp nhu the?
Cau tra loi la: Ca tinh.
Chung ta cb xu hubng de cao tri thong minh va ky nang.
Nhung yeu to do tuy quan trong nhung khong the thay the
cho mpt ca tinh manh me. N h u toi da giang giai trong cuon
21 nguyen tac vang ciia nghe thuat lanh dao, niem tin la nen
mbng cua nang luc lanh dao. Chuck Colson la ngubi hieu rat
rb tinh each tac dong len nang luc lanh dao nhu the nao. Ong
la trp ly cua cuu Tong thong Nixon, bi bb tu sau mpt vu be
boi. Hien gib, Colson la ngubi dien thuyet ve cac van de lanh
dao va due tin. Ong nbi: "Khi ban di he't cupc doi, du trong
quan dpi, trong kinh doanh, trong nha thb hay bat cu tang
lbp xa hpi nao (tat nhien la trong gia dinh ban nua), mpt
ngubi nao do se tin tuong tinh each hon la chi so' IQ cua ban."

112

NHUNG THACH THUC

Hau he't mpi nguoi deu cong nhan tinh dang tin cay la
pham chat quan trong cua ngudi lanh dao. Mpt so ngudi
khong nhan ra pham chat dang tin cay rat quan trong vdi
cac lanh dao tuong lai. Rod Loy, ngudi lanh dao mpt to chuc
ldn d Little Rock, Arkansas, noi:

Rat nhieu lanh dao cap trung noi: "Khi tdi tro thanh lanh dao, toi se thay
doi each song." Tdi tinh cb gap qua nhieu ngudi la lanh dao cap pho ma
khdng song theo cac chuan muc tinh each ciia lanh dao dieng dau. Suy
nghi ciia ho la: "Tdi khdng can song nhu the'cho tdi khi nao tdi trd thanh
lanh dao that su. Tdi tin rang, neu tdi khdng song theo nhung chuan
muc cao do, tdi se khdng bao gid trd thanh lanh dao. Toi chon lua gidi
han tu do cho minh bdi vi tdi hieu duoc nhinig hy sink ciia chuc vu ma
tdi ludn mo udc."
Neu ban khao khat vupt qua thach thuc anh hudng, hay
phat trien va the hien nhung tinh each cua lanh dao dung
dau ma ban nguong mp. Dieu do se tao thuan lpi cho moi
quan he vdi mpi ngudi horn nay va chuan bi cho ban mpt vai
tro lanh dao phi chuc vu ngay mai.
Mpi nguoi dl theo lanh dao hp kfnh trpng - lanh dao
cd nfing luc
Su kinh trpng ludn cd dupe khi khd khan. Khi kho khan
nay sinh, ngudi lanh dao khong the dua vao su giup do cua
chuc vi ma phai tu minh duong dau vdi nhung kho khan
do. Cac lanh dao khdng cd nang luc duong dau vdi thach
thuc hiem khi dupe cap dudi va ban be kinh trpng. Neu hp
la ngudi tot va quan tam tdi mpi ngudi, hp se dupe quy men
nhung khong dupe kinh trpng.
113

NHA LANH DAO 360

Trong khi cac lanh dao bat tai
Trong khi cac lanh dao
ba t tai thuong ddi hoi
su kinh trong, cac lanh
dao tai nang khien moi
ngudi kinh trong.

thuong doi hbi su kinh trong, cac

lanh dao tai nang khien mpi ngubi
kinh trpng. Thuc hien mpt cong
viec tot giup ngubi lanh dao dupe
t

&

c 6

lam duoc mot cong viec - do la su

tu tin. Neu ban that su cb the lam
duoc viec do - do la nang luc. Khong cb gi thay the dupe
nang luc.
Mpi ngudi di theo lanh dao hp cd th_ tiep cSn lanh dao nhat quan
Mot lanh dao cap trung ten la Fred ke cho tbi ve mpt ong
sep cu cb tinh each that thuong. Anh khong bao gib biet
dupe vao mot ngay nhat dinh, "sep tot" hay "sep xau" se
xuat hien b co quan. Nhung Fred da lam theo loi khuyen
ciia mpt dong nghiep de doi pho vbi chuyen nay.
Neu Fred cb thac mac can cau tra lbi ciia vi sep that
thuong, anh se ghi vao quyen so va mang no tbi bubi hpp
phong hang tuan. Fred khong bao gib ngoi gan sep trong
bubi hpp. Lam nhu the, anh cb co hbi quan sat dupe each cu
xu cua sep vbi moi ngubi, vi cube thao luan di h i ngubi nay
sang ngubi khac. Sau khi sep trao doi vbi hai hay ba nhan
vien, Fred cb the phan doan tam trang cua sep horn do. Neu
sep cb tam trang xau, Fred se giu lai danh sach cau hbi, cho
mot bubi hpp khac. Nhung neu sep cb tam trang lac quan va

114

NHUNG THACH THUG.

nhiet tinh giup da, Fred hoi tat ca thac mac ghi trong quyen
so va co duoc nhung cau tra loi huu ich. Fred thudng phai
giu danh sach cau hoi trong nam hoac sau tuan cho tdi khi
tam trang cua sep thich hop. Do do, viec giai quyet nhung
van de quan trong bi cham tre, nhung dieu may man la dng
sep cua Fred rat hiem khi nbi cau vb cd vdi anh.
Ngudi Do Thai cd cau tuc ngu: "Neu ban cu xu nhu mot
con lua, chd thay nhuc khi cb ngubi cudi len ban." Fred da
phai lam nhu the de chung song hoa binh vdi vi lanh dao
that thudng. Khdng phai ai cung cd su nha't quan. Nha van
Aldous Huxley rung nbi: "Su nha't quan la trai vdi t u nhien,
trai vbi cube song. Nhung ngubi hoan toan nha't quan la
rihung ngubi da che't."
Neu ban muon trd thanh kieu lanh dao ngudi khac muon
di theo - mot nha lanh dao 360 - thi hay co gang trd nen
nha't quan de mpi ngudi cd the den gan va dat van de. Ngay
ca khi ban quan tam tdi mpi ngubi, chan that vdi hp, lam tot
cong viec cua minh nhung lai khong nhat quan, thi mpi
ngubi se khong tin cay va tin nhiem ban.
Mol ngudi dl theo lanh dao hp nguong md lanh dao t $ n t d m
Tdi rat thich cau chuyen ve bac nong dan va ong chu
ngan hang:
Mot bac nong dan trai qua vai nam that bat va di gap ong chu ngan
hang. Bac nong dan noi:
-Tdi cd mot tin tot va mot tin xau cho ngai. Ngai muon nghe tm nao trudc?
115

NHA LANH DAO 360

- Sao ong khdng ke cho tdi tin xau trudc va khac phuc no? - Ong chii
ngan hang tra ldi.

- Duoc thoi. Voi vu han han va lam phat ciing tat cd mpi thie tdi ti khac
tdi khSng the tra bat cir thie gi cho tien the chap ciia tdi nam nay, ki'ca
z'bii ldn ldi
- O, tin nay rat xau!

- Con toi te hon nira kia, tdi cung khdng cd kha nang trd bat cie thie gi c
khodn tien tdi vay de mua may mdc, ke cd von ldn lai.
- Oi, qua tdi tc!
Bac nong dan tiip tuc:
- Chua hit dau! Ngai con nhd khodn tien tdi vay de mua hat giong va
plum bon khdng? Tdi khdng the trd bdi cie xu nao, cd von lan ldi.
- Qua kluing khiip va qua dii roil Ndi cho tdi tin tot di - Ong chii ngan
hang rin ri.
- Tin tot - Ngudi nong dan mini cubi - la tdi dinh tie'p tuc cdng viec
lam an vdi ngai!
Cau chuyen the hien dieu dung la mpi ngudi deu nguong
mo nhung ai tan tam he't minh vdi cdng viec. Hay nghi toi
nhung lanh dao v i dai ma ban nguong mo. Khi tbi nghi ve
nhung ngubi nhu Winston Churchill, Martin Luther King Jr.
hay John Wesley, mpt trong nhung due tinh dau tien tbi
nghi tbi la su tan tam cua hp. Hp cho di mpi thu hp thay can
thiet de cb the lanh dao theo nhung nguyen tac cua hp.
Vai nam trudc, tdi cung Jim Dornan viet cuon sach
Becoming a Person of Influence (Trd thanh ngudi co anh
116

NHUNG THACHTHUG.
hudng). Nhieu ngudi cho toi biet ho thich cuon sach do
nhat. Tai sao? Vi no la cuon sach day ve lanh dao cho nhung
ngudi khong d v i tri lanh dao. Nhung ngudi cd dinh dang
den ban hang da cap dac biet thich cuon sach do, boi vi cong
viec cua ho phu thubc hoan toan vao tam anh hubng. Cuon
sach duoc dua theo cac chu' cai dau cua chu "Influence"
(Anh hubng) vi chung mo ta duoc cac pham chat cua ngubi
cb tam anh hubng va rat de nhb:
Integrity (su ngay thang) - xay dung moi quan he dua
tren su tin cay.
Nurturing (su boi duong) - quan tam den rung ngudi.
Faith (niem tin) - tin tudng moi ngudi.
Listening (lang nghe) - tran trpng nhung dieu nguoi
khac nbi.
Understanding (thau hieu) - nhin tu quan diem cua hp.
Enlarging (rpng mo) - giup nguoi khac phat trien.
Navigating (cheo lai) - trp giup mpi nguoi vupt qua
kho khan.
Connecting (ket nbi) - khoi dau nhung moi quan he
tich cue.
Empowering (trao quyen) - trao cho hp quyen luc de
lanh dao.
Neu ban no luc lam theo nhung dieu tren vo

nhung

ngudi trong to chuc, ban se vupt qua thach thuc anh hudng.

117

NHA LANH DAO 360

Toan bp hi quyet cua cong viec lanh dao la: nghi ve anh
hudng, chu khong phai nghi ve chuc vu. Neu ban bat dau
thuc hanh nhung pham chat tren, ban se sin sang dam
duong mpt trong nhung nhiem vu kho khan nha't cua nha
lanh dao 360, do la lanh dao cap tren. Day la chu de ciia
chuong tie'p theo.

118

NHUNG THACH THUC.

TOM TAT CHltONG II
NHUNG THACH THlfC NHA LANH DAO 360
PHAI DUONG DAU

Ban torn tat bay thach thuc ma nha lanh dao cap trung
phai duong dau:
T H A C H THUC #1: Thach thuc Su cang thang
T H A C H THUC #2: Thach thuc Su chan nan
T H A C H THUC #3: Thach thuc "Nhieu mb"
T H A C H THUC U: Thach thuc Cai tbi
T H A C H THUC #5: Thach thuc Su hai long
T H A C H THUC #6: Thach thuc Tam nhin
T H A C H THUC $7: Thach thuc Anh huong
Neu nhung thach thuc nay cbng hubng vbi ban, ban se biet
ban can lanh dao tot hon tu vi tri giua cua to chuc de xu ly
chung hieu qua nha't.

119

C A C N G U Y E N
C A P

T A C L A N H

D A O

T R E N

"Hay theo tdi, toi o ngay sau ban!"

eu ban dang cogang gay anh hubng tu vi tri cap giua

trong to chuc, chac chan, ban se hieu nhung ngo nhan

va thach thuc duoc nbi den trong hai phan dau. Moi ngay,
co the, ban phai doi phb vbi mot hay nhieu ngo nhan va
thach thuc do. Vay, ban phai lam gi de vua khai thac tbi da
cac tinh hubng do vua vupt qua cac thach thuc va tranh xa
cac ngb nhan? Ban phai phat trien nang luc lanh dao 360
121

NHA LANH DAO 360"

bang each hoc lanh dao ngupc (lanh dao cap tren), lanh dao
dong cap (lanh dao dong nghiep) va lanh dao xubi (lanh dao
cap duoi). Moi kieu lanh dao nay doi hbi nhung nguyen tac
va ky nang khac nhau.

"Neu muon thang tien,

lanh dao cap tren
hieu qua hon nhieu
ninh bo ho."
- Dan Reiland
r _ _ z z = ^

Lanh dao cap tren la thach thuc

lbn nha't doi vbi nha lanh dao 360.
Hau he't cac nha lanh dao muon
duoc chi huy, chu khong muon bi
chi huy. Ngoai ra, hp con muon
dupe gia tang gia tri. Co hbi lbn
nha't de ban gay anh hubng len cap
^
khi ban tang them gia tri cho
hp. Trong bubi trb chuyen ve cac

t r

quan diem trong cuon sach nay, Dan Reiland nbi vbi tbi:
"Neu muon thang tien, lanh dao cap tren hieu qua hon nhieu
ninh bp hp."
Mua thu nam 2004, tbi da hieu dupe the gioi ma truoc
do hoan toan mbi me vbi tbi. Trong su kien thuong nien
to chuc cho cac quan tri vien, tbi mbi nhung ngubi tham
d u thuong thuc mpt bubi hoa nhac cua dan nhac giao
hubng Atlanta vbi su chi huy cua v i nhac truong nbi tie'ng
cua Hbi Yeu nhac Boston: Benjamin Zander. Chung toi
dupe chung kie'n ky nang lanh dao tuong tac khi ngoi
giua cac nghe si dang cap the gioi trong bubi dien tap.
Zander da mang lai cho chung tbi cai nhin sau sac ve
truyen thong, vai trb lanh dao va vai trb cua nhung ngubi
di theo. Tat ca that tuyet vbi!

122

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Sau bubi do, toi tim doc ngay cuon sach The Art of
Possibility do Zander va vo, Rosamund Stone Zander, cung
viet. Trong cuon sach, co mpt cau chuyen minh hoa rat sinh
dong va thu vi ve tam quan trpng ciia lanh dao ngupc va
each gia tang gia tri cho lanh dao va to chuc. Benjamin
Zander viet:
Mot trong nhung nghe si tdi nang va thanh cong tot bde ma toi biet,
trong hang chuc nam trai, van giie mpt vi tri rat khiem nhubng la mpt
nghe si choi violin trong mot dan nhac hiing dau nubc My. Eugene
Lehner tung la nghe si choi violin ciia nhom tie lau huyen thoai Kolisch
(Kolisch Quartet) va la ngubi thay hubng dan ciia nhom tie tail dim day
nbi tie'ng Juilliard (Juilliard String Quartet) vet vo sd'ede nhom dong dien
khac... Da rat nhieu lan tbi hot y kien bng ve nhieng rdc roi chuyen mon
- su hieu biet uyen tham ve dm nhac ciia Lehner nhu lubng anh sang
choi loi khien mat tbi sang rb hon!
Zander khong biet da cb vi nhac truong khet tie'ng la kieu
ngao nao tung xin y kie'n va cau vien den kie'n thuc, kinh
nghiem lanh dao va trinh dien cua Lehner chua? Va day la
cau tra lbi cua Lehner:
Trong nam dau tien tbi choi cung dan nhac, mot horn, Koussevitsky chi
huy dan nhac choi mot ban nhac ciia Bach va hinh nhu ket qua khong
dupe nhu mong muon - don gian la vi mpi thu khong di diing hubng.
May thay, lite do ban bng, nha su pham va nhac truong vi dai Nadia
Boulanger tinh co cb mat trong bubi dien tap. Koussevitsky nam lay co
hoi thodt khoi tinh the nguong ngiing va liing tiing bang each goi to:
"Nadia, cb len day ve chi huy dan nhac gu'tp tbi duoc khong? Tbi mubn
ngoi sau khan phong de nghe xem the nao." Nha su pham Boulanger
123

NHA LANH DAO 360

budc li'n. nhan xet vdi loi voi cac nhac cdng, chi huy dan nhac troi chay
va khdng he co imp vdp. Tie ldn do, trong moi budi dien tap, tdi thudng
cho Koussevitky goi: "Lchrcr, anh len day va chi huy di. Tdi muon ngoi
sau khan phong de nghe xem the nao." Da 43 nam ke tie ngay do, va
cang nga\/ tdi cang it bi goi len.
Tbi tin chac, ban khong muon doi hon 40 nam cho mot co
hbi duoc lanh dao cap tren. Ban muon trb thanh ngubi co
tam anh hubng ngay t u hbm nay.
Gay anh huong len lanh dao khong phai dieu ban cb the
thuc hien trong ngay mot ngay hai. Thuc tela, trong so do to
chuc cua cong ty, ban khong he cb quyen luc doi vbi nhung
ngubi dung o vi tri tren, do do, ho cb the kiem soat anh hubng
cua ban hay bat cu ai duoi quyen. Vi vay, cb kha nang ban se
khong bao gib lanh dao duoc cap tren. Nhung ban cb the tang
xac sua't thanh cong len dang ke neu luyen tap cac nguyen tac
dupe thao luan trong phan nay cua cuon sach. Chien lupc uu
hen cua ban nen la ung hp cap tren, gia tang gia tri cho to chiic
va lam nbi bat ban than bang each hoan thanh xuat sac cong
viec. Neu ban lam dupe ba dieu tren mpt each nha't quan, thi
cap hen se tin nhiem, tin cay va tim kiem lbi khuyen cua ban.
Vbi mbi bubc, anh hubng cua ban se tang them dang ke, va
ban cang co nhieu co hbi de lanh dao cap tren.

124

MGUTEM

L A N H

T A G #1

D A O B A N T H A N

X U A T

S A C

rong cac bubi hoi thao, ctoi khi, cac ban tre thong minh

tbi cho tbi va cho tbi biet, hp mong muon trb thanh
nhung nha lanh dao vi dai den the nao va hp da hoc tap, ren
luyen vat va ra sao. Nhung roi ho than thb: "Tbi khong cb ai
de lanh dao."
Va tbi tra lbi: "Hay lanh dao chinh minh truoc. Day chinh

la xuat phat diem cho mpi thu. Hon nua, neu anh khong lam
theo chinh minh, thi ngubi khac lam sao lam theo anh dupe?"
Ban da bao gib lam viec vbi nhung ngubi khong the lanh
dao ban than chua? Tbi te hon, ban da bao gib lam viec cho
nhung ngubi b vi tri lanh dao nhung lai khong the lanh dao
chinh hp chua? Hp se chi la mpt tam guong xau. Hp giong
nhu con qua trong cau chuyen ngu ngbn tbi tung doc.

125

NHA LANH DAO 360

Co mot con qua ngoi tren cay, ca ngay khong lam gi. Mpt
con thb nhin thay con qua ben hbi: "Tbi cb the ngoi nhu anh
ca ngay va khong lam gi khong?"
"Duoc thoi," con qua tra loi, "Sao lai khong chu?" The
la con tho ngoi tren mat da't ngay duoi con qua va bat
chubc no.' Thinh linh, mot con cao xuat hien, vo lay con
thb va an chit.

Bai hoc rut ra tir cau chuyen

tren la neu ban ngoi i mpt cho va
Chia khoa de lanh dao
.
,,
I ,

'
khong lam gi, ban nen neoi cho
ban than tot la

,
' I * .
> i'
that cao. Con neu ban b phia duoi,
HOC each tu quan ly.

~
ban khong the cu ngoi i ra ma
khong lam gi. Chia khoa de lanh
dao ban than tot la hoc each tu
quan ly. Ha'u he't mpi ngubi thuong chu trpng qua nhieu vao
viec ra quyet dinh, nhung lai khong quan tam dung muc
den qua trinh quan ly quyet dinh. Ket qua la, hp thieu trpng
tam, ky luat, chu tam va muc dich.
w

Tbi da viet mpt cuon sach ve dieu nay, cuon sach cb tua
de Today Matters (Cac van de ngay nay). Chu de chinh ciia
cuon sach nay la nhung ngubi thanh dat sbm dua ra nhung
quyet dinh dung dan va quan ly chung hang ngay. Chung ta
thuong cho rang, tu lanh dao tuc la dua ra cac quyet dinh
sang suot mbi ngay, nhung tren thuc te, chung ta chi can
dua ra mpt vai quyet dinh then chbt trong cac linh vuc quan
trpng cua cube song, roi sau do quan ly chung hang ngay.

126

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Day la mot v i du tieu bieu cho quan diem cua tbi. Ban da
bao gib de ra quyet tam tap the due trong nam tbi chua? A i
cung biet ren luyen sue khbe la rat quan trpng. Dua ra quyet
dinh tap luyen khong he khb, quan ly va lam theo nhung
quyet dinh do mbi khb. Gia sir, ngay tuan dau tien cua
thang 1, ban dang ky tham gia cau lac bp sue khbe. Khi dang
ky hoc, ban thay rat phan khoi. Nhung bubi dau tien den
phong tap, ban bi tac dubng. Sau do, ban phai lai xe long
vbng sub't 15 phut mbi tim dupe mpt cho dau xe - each
phong tap bb'n tba nha. Nhung khong sao ca, ban den do de
tap luyen va ban vui ve di bp tbi phong tap.
Vao den noi, ban phai xep hang chb thay do. Ban van tu
dong vien: "On thoi. Minh muon cb dang chuan. Se rat tuyet
cho ma xem!" Ban tie'p tuc nghi nhu the cho tbi khi mac
xong quain ao tap va phat hien ra tat ca may tap deu da cb
ngubi su dung. Ban lai phai chb lan nua. Rot cue, ban cung
cb may. Tuy khong phai la loai ban can nhung ban van bubc
den va tap trong 20 phut. Khi nhin thay dong ngubi dung
xep hang chb vao phong tam, ban quyet dinh bb qua khau
nay, lay do va ve nha.
Tren dubng ve, ban gap ngubi quan ly cau lac bp. Ban
quyet dinh than phien phong tap qua dong. Ba ta nbi: "Chi
cu yen tam. Ba tuan nua, chi se cb chb de xe gan nhat, thoai
mai lua chpn may tap, bbi vi se cb den 98% nhung ngubi da
dang ky bb tap!"
Ngoai van de tren, ban cung gap phai nhung khb khan
khac khi co gang theo duoi tbi cung viec tap luyen. Khi
127

NHA LANH DAO 360

nhung nguoi khac deu bo tap, ban se phai quyet dinh cb nen
bb tap nhu moi ngubi hay van tap tie'p. De vupt qua, ban
can kha nang tu quan ly.
Khong cb gi tao duoc ah tuong tot vbi cap tren hon la kha
nang quan ly ban than. Neu cap tren thuong xuyen phai tieu
ton ngubn luc vao viec quan ly ban, ban se bi coi la ke bon
rut thoi gian va nang luong cua ho. Nhung neu ban quan ly
ban than tot, sep se xem ban nhu mpt ngubi biet tan dung
tb'i da co hbi va phat huy cac uu diem ca nhan. Nhb do, hp
se tim den ban mbi khi can giup do hay loi khuyen khi gap
khb khan.

NHUNG VIEC MOT NHA LANH DAO

PHAI T U Q U A N LY
Trong cub'n sach Today Matters, tbi cb nbi den rat nhieu
viec ma mpt ngubi khat khao thanh cong nen lam. Trong
cuon sach nay, tbi muon tap trung vao su lanh dao. Neu ban
mub'n gianh dupe tin nhiem cua sep va nhung ngubi khac,
hay tap trung vao bay viec sau:
1. Quan ly cam xiic
Tbi da nghe nbi, nhung ngubi cb cac van de cam xiic de
bi tai nan 6 to hon nhung ngubi binh thuong tbi 144%. Ket
qua nghien cuu cung phat hien thay, a i nam nan nhan cua
cac vu tai nan che't ngubi, cb mpt ngubi da cai nhau vbi
ngubi khac trong sau gib truoc vu tai nan.
128

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Quan ly cam xiic rat quan trong. Khong ai muon lai gah
mot trai bom cam xuc hen gib cb the "no tung" bat cu luc
nao. Viec che ngu cam xuc con dac biet quan trong vbi cac
nha lanh dao, boi vi moi hoat dong cua ho deu cb anh
hubng rat lbn den nhieu ngubi khac.
Nhung nha lanh dao gioi biet khi nao nen the hien va khi
nao nen tri hoan cam xuc. Dbi khi, ho bay to cam xuc de tim
su thong cam va lam lay dong ngubi khac. Day cb phai la
"mi dan" khong? Tbi khong nghi vay, mien sao dieu do tot
cho to chuc va khong phai la vi loi ich ca nhan cua ho. Cac
nha lanh dao thay nhieu hon va thay truoc ngubi khac, nen
ho la nhung ngubi dau tien trai qua cac cam xuc. Khi cho ca
nhom biet cam xuc cua minh, ban dang giup ho thay dieu
ban dang thay.
Cung cb luc, cac nha lanh dao phai biet che ngu cam xuc.
Trong cuon sach American Soldier (Ngubi linh My), Tuong
Tommy Franks ke lai mot vu nem bom huy diet xay ra b
Viet Nam khi bng dang la thieu by. Franks van nhb nhu in
hinh anh Trung ta Eric Antilla khi bng nay dat moi quan tam
tbi cap duoi len tren nhu cau cam xuc:
Tbi nhin vao mai Antilla. Tdi biet bng dang lim di vi dau don nhieng bng
khong de'lp ra dieu do. Chung tbi dang trong cube chien va bng dang chi
huy chung tbi chien dau. Su kien quyet tham long ciia bng khi ddi mat
v&i con dau tiep them sue manh cho chung tbi. Cb the mot gid nua bug
se khdng chiu dung duoc them, nhung hie nay, dng van dung do simg
sung. Trong chien tranh, dieu thiet yeu la ngudi chi huy cb kha nang
kiem che cam xiic cho den khi nao con cb the.

129

NHA LANH DAO 360

Kiem che cam xuc khac voi phu nhan va chon viii chung.
Dieu cot yeu trong quan ly cam xuc la ban nen dat nhung
ngubi khac, chu khong phai ban than, len dau khi giai quyet
va xu ly cac cam xuc. Su tri hoan hay the hien cam xiic ciia
ban khong nen v i muc dich ca nhan. Ban nen tu dat ra cau
hoi: Cd nhom can dieu gi? chii khong phai: Dieu gi lam minh
thay kha han?
2. Quan ly t h a i gian
Quan ly thoi gian la van de dac biet khb khan doi vbi
nhung ngubi b vi tri giua. Cac nha lanh dao cap cao cb the
by quyen. Cac cong nhan lai thuong dupe tra luong theo gib
va hp lam bat cu dieu gi cb the trong khoang thoi gian do.
Va nhung ngubi b vi tri lung
chung luon phai chiu thach thuc ap
"Chirng nao chua
luc. Hp dupe khuyen khich - va
coi trong ban than,
thuong dupe ky vpng - lam them
ban con chua
g j de hoan thanh cong viec.
coi trong thai gian."
Thoi gian la vang bac. Chuyen
- M . Scott Peck
g_
M.Scott Peck viet:
0

g j a

t h

"Chiing nao chua coi trpng ban

than, ban con chua coi trpng thai
gian." Trong cubh Wliat to do with Birth and Death (Lam gi

vbi su song va cai che't), Charles Spezzano khang dinh, mpi

ngubi khong thanh toan mpi thu bang tien ma bang thai
gian cua hp. Neu ban t u nhu: Nam nam nira, minh se co du
tien de mua can nha nghi do, thi dieu ban that su dang nghi
tbi la can nha se bubc ban phai bb ra nam nam - 1/12 cupc
130

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

doi truong thanh cua ban. "Cum t u 'danh thoi gian' khong
phai la mot each nbi an du", Spezzano nbi, "Do chinh la
each van hanh cua cube song."
Thay vi nghi den viec ban lam va thu ban mua duoi dang
tien bac, hay nghi tbi chung duoi dang thoi gian. Hay ngam
nghi ve no. Dieu gi dang de ban danh tron ca cube doi? Hay
nhin cong viec ciia ban duoi anh sang do va thay doi
phuong phap quan ly thoi gian cua ban.
3. Quan ly cac uu tien
Cac nha lanh dao 360 la nhung ngubi da tai. Ho cb kien
thuc rat sau rpng va phong phu. Do thach thiic da kie'n thuc
nen ho thuong khong cb lua chpn nao. Cung luc, cb mot cau
tuc ngu rat chinh xac: Neu ban duoi theo hai con thb, ban se
dexong ca hai.
Lanh dao cap trung can lam gi? Vi ban khong phai la lanh
dao cap cao, ban khong cb quyen quyet dinh cac cong viec
hay lich lam viec cua minh. Tuy nhien, ban van nen quan ly
cac cong viec uu tien va phan bb thoi gian theo each sau:
80% thoi gian - lam nhung viec ban gioi nha't
15% thoi gian - lam nhung viec ban dang hoc hbi
5% thoi gian - lam nhung viec can thiet khac
Cb the, phai rat khb khan ban mbi lam dupe theo each
nay nhung ban can no luc theo duoi no. Neu cb nhung
ngubi lam viec duoi quyen, hay giao cho hp nhung viec ban
khong gibi nhung hp gioi. Hoac neu cb the, hoan doi mpt so
131

NHA LANH DAO 360

cong viec voi dong nghiep de moi ngudi phat huy duoc the
manh. Ban can nhd rang, each duy nha't de thang tien tu vi
tri cap trung la chuyen dan tu vi tri da nang sang chuyen
gia, tu mot ngudi lam rat nhieu viec gioi sang tap trung lam
xuat sac mot vai viec.
Bi quyet tao ra su chuyen doi thudng la tinh ky luat.
Trong Good to Great (Tu tot den v i dai), Jim Collins viet:

Da so chung ta deu co cupc song ban bin, nhung rat vo to chiec. Chung
ta keo ddi danh sach ede viec can lam (to-do list), cd gang tim kiem do
luc bang each lam, lam, lam va 1dm nhieu hon niea. Dieu nay hiem khi
mang lai kit qua. Nhung nhung ai da xay dung cong ty tie "tot din vi
dai" con su dung danh sach cac viec can ngieng lai (stop-doing list) cung
nhiiu nhu danh sach viec can lam. Hp thi'hien mot kieu ky luqt khac khi
bo di tat cd nhieng thie tap nham, khdng can thiet.
Ban phai "nhan tam" khi quyet dinh dau la nhung viec
khdng nen lam. Thich lam mot so viec khong cd nghia la nen
dua no vao danh sach nhung viec can lam. Chi lam nhung
viec co the giup ban phat trien kha nang hoac nhung viec
cap tren yeu cau dich than ban giai quyet. Tat ca nhung viec
con lai deu la ung vien cho danh sach nhung viec khong nen
lam cua ban.
4. Quan ly nng luong
Mot so ngudi phai phan bb nang luong de khong bi kiet
sue. Vai nam trudc, tbi khdng he biet phan bo nang luong
hop ly. Khi moi ngubi hbi tai sao tdi lai lam dupe nhieu viec
the, cau tra ldi cua toi luon la: "Nang luong cao, IQ thap."
132

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Tir khi con nhb, toi da rat hieu dong. Den tan khi sau tub'i,
toi mdi biet ten minh khong phai la "Ngoi yen nao!"
Gib thi tbi da 58 tudi, tbi phai chu y tdi sue khde hon.
Trong cuon sach Thinking for a Change (Suy nghi de thay
doi), tbi da chia se mot trong nhung ke sach quan ly nang
luong cua tbi. Mdi sang, khi nhin vao lich lam viec, tbi tu
hbi: "Viec nao la viec chinh?" Do la viec tbi phai lam tot
nha't. Viec do cb the la danh cho gia dinh, cac nhan vien, mot
ngubi ban, mot nha xuat ban, nha tai tro cho mot bubi nbi
chuyen hoac cung cb the la thoi gian viet lach. Tbi luon dam
bao chac chan, minh cb du nang luong de thuc hien viec do
vbi su tap trung va xuat sac.
Ngay ca nhung ngudi giau nang luong cung cb the cb bi
nit can nang luong trong nhung tinh hubng khb khan. Tbi
da thay nhieu nha lanh dao cap trung thuong phai duong
dau vbi cai goi la "Hao mon nang luong ABC"
Activity

without

Direction

(Hoat dong

thieu dinh

hubng) - Lam nhung viec khong quan trpng.

Burden without Action (Ganh nang khong hanh dong) Khong cb kha nang lam nhung viec that su quan trpng.
Conflict without Resolution (Xung dot khdng cb each giai
quyet) - Khong cd kha nang ung phd vdi van de.
Neu ban thuong xuyen phai x u ly nhung kieu hao mon
nay, ban se phai no luc hon de quan ly tot nang luong. Neu
khong, ban can tim mot noi lam viec khac.

133

NHA LANH DAO 360

5. Quan ly suy nghT
Nha tho kiem tieu thuyet gia James Joyce noi: "Tri 6c se
tra lai cho ban chinh xac nhung gi ban da nhet vao no." Ke
thu lbn nhat cua suy nghi sau sac la su ban rpn. Cac nha
lanh dao cap trung luon la nhung ngubi ban rbn nha't ciia to
chuc. Neu ban thay nhip do cupc song qua gap gap va
khong co phut nao de suy nghi trong ca ngay lam viec, hay
tao thoi quen viet nhanh ra giay ba den boh dieu can dau tu
thai gian de tim each giai quyet. Sau do, tim thbi gian thich
hop de suy nghi ve nhung dieu do. Viec suy nghi chi mat
khoang 30 phut mbi ngay, hoac ban co the luu lai nhung
dieu do trong mpt tuan va danh thai gian xu ly chung trong
ngay thu bay, mien sao ban dung de danh sach do chb qua
lau den nbi no lam ban nan long va so hai.
8

Trong cuon Thinking for a Change, toi khuyen dpc gia nen
co mpt "khong gian t u duy". Toi da viet ve "chiec ghe'suy
nghi" 6 van phong cua toi. Toi khong dung cai ghe'do cho
bat cu viec gi khac ngoai thai gian suy nghi. Sau khi cuon
sach xuat ban, toi phat hien ra minh chua giai thich rb rang
viec su dung chiec ghe' sao cho dung each. Tai cac buoi hoi
thao, mpi ngubi than phien, hp da ngoi vao "chiec ghe suy
nghi" cua hp nhung chang co gi xay ra. Toi giai thich, tbi
khong ngoi vao chiec ghe suy nghi va hy vpng se co mpt y

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (1882-1941) la nha van Ireland, dupe

coi la mot trong nhung nha van co anh huong nha't the ky XX. Tac pham noi
tie'ng nha't cua ong la Ulyss.es.
8

134

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

tuong moi la roi trung dau. Toi ngoi vao ghe voi to danh
sach nhung van de khong the nghi trong luc ban rbn. Tbi dat
to danh sach truoc mat va danh thoi gian suy nghi cho tung
de muc. Doi khi tbi danh gia mot quyet dinh vua dua ra. Doi
khi tbi suy nghi ve mpt quyet dinh tbi dua ra. Cb luc, tbi
phat trien mpt chien lupc. Cb luc, tbi lai tap trung kha nang
sang tao de khai trien mpt y tudng.
Tbi muon khuyen khich ban thu
quan ly t u duy theo each nay. Neu
ban chua rung
ngac nhien boi
lai. Ban nen nhd
1 gid. Mpt phut

lam vay, ban se

ket qua no mang
dieu nay: 1 phut >
suy nghi dang gia

Mot phut suy nghi ddng

gid hon mot gib noi
chuyen phiem hay lam
viec khong co ke hooch.

hon mot gib ndi chuyen phiem hay

lam viec khong cb ke'hoach.
6. Quan ly 161 noi
Huah luan vien bong bau due huyen thoai John Wooden
nbi: "Cho tdi thay viec anh lam; dung cho tdi biet viec anh cb
the lam." Haiu het cac nha lanh dao deu tung ndi, hoac it nha't
la tung nghi deh dieu nay khi ndi chuyen vdi nhan vien. Cac
nha lanh dao danh gia cao hanh dpng. Neu hp ngung viec
dang lam lai de lang nghe, nhung ldi hp nghe se cb gia tri. Vi
the hay su dung ngon tir hieu qua nha't.
Trong cud'n sach The Forbes Scrapbook of Thoughts on the
Business Life (Cac bai bao ve tu duy kinh doanh cua Forbes),
cd trich dan ldi cua Emile de Girardin nhu sau: "Sue manh

135

NHA LANH DAO 360

ciia loi noi vo cung to Ion. Mot loi noi hieu qua du siic ngan
chan mot doi quan, chuyen bai thanh thang va cuu duoc ca
mpt thanh pho." Neu ban mub'n lbi nbi cua minh cb sue nang,
hay de tam nhieu hon den chung. Neu ban quan ly tu duy va
tan dung hieu qua khoang thoi gian tap trung suy nghi, ky
nang "quan ly lbi nbi" cua ban se tien bp trong thay.
David McKinley, mpt nha lanh dao 360 lam viec trong
mpt tap doan lbn b Piano, Texas, ke cho tbi nghe cau chuyen
ve cong viec dau tien cua anh sau khi tot nghiep. David
chuan bi cb cube hen quan trpng vbi doi tac. Anh quyet dinh
mbi sep di cung. Khi hp den noi hen, David do rat hao hiing
nen nbi lien mom. Anh khong de sep noi cau gi ngoai viec
ngoi yen cho tbi khi ra ve.
Khi hp quay trb lai 6 to, sep cua David nbi vbi anh:
"Le ra, tbi nen b van phong thi hon." Roi, bng giai thich tai
sao bng thay su cb mat cua bng la thua thai. David nbi vbi
tbi: "Tbi hoc dupe mpt bai hoc lbn ve viec ngoi yen 'trong
gioi han' khi di cung cap tren. Lbi khuyen va su ub'n nan
chan thanh cua sep da that chat mbi quan he cua chung toi
va giup tbi rat nhieu trong cube song." Neu ban cb dieu gi
do dang nbi, hay nbi ngan gpn va sue tich. Neu khong cb gi
dang nbi, doi khi, viec tot nhat nen lam la giu yen lang.
7. Quan ly cuc)c s6ng rieng
Du ban lam viec va quan ly ban than rat tot b chb lam,
nhung cube song rieng cua ban lai la mpt mb "bung bet", thi
cuoi cung mpi thu se trb nen toi te. Cb ich gi khong khi leo
136

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

len dinh su nghiep nhung hon nhan lai tan vo va ban trb
thanh "ngubi la" vbi con cai? Vbi tham nien tu van vien, tbi
khang dinh vbi ban: Khdng co thanh cdng nao trong su nghiep
ctdng de ta phai hy sinh gia dinh ciia minh.
Mot trong nhung dinh nghia ve thanh cdng cua tbi la: Cb
nhung ngubi than thiet nha't luon yeu thuong va ton trong
tbi. Tbi muon cb duoc tinh yeu va
su ton trpng cua vp, con va chau tbi "

truoc khi cb su ton trpng cua bat cu

Thanh cong la co nhung
ai lam viec vbi tbi. Dung hieu lam y
nguoi than thiet nhat
tbi. Tbi cung mub'n nhung ngubi
ludn yeu thuong va
ton trong.
lam viec vbi tbi ton trpng tbi,
nhung khong phai vi the ma tbi san
sang danh doi gia dinh. Neu tbi lam
cube hon nhan cua minh tan vo, thi anh hubng tieu cue se
tran ra mpi noi khac trong cube song cua tbi, ke ca cong viec.
Neu ban mub'n lanh dao cap tren, truoc he't, ban phai biet
each lanh dao ban than. Neu ban khong the lam duoc dieu
do, ban se khong cb dupe su tin nhiem. Nhung cau nbi duoi
day deu rat dung:
Neu tdi khdng the lanh dao ban than, mm nguoi se khdng lam theo tdi.
Neu tdi khdng the lanh dao ban than, moi nguoi se khdng ton trong tdi.
Neu tdi khdng the lanh dao ban than, moi ngudi se khdng hop tac voi tdi.
No dupe ap dung cho mpi anh hubng ban mub'n tac dong
len cap tren, dong cap hay cap dubi. Ban cang chac chan
viec minh dang lam la dung dan, ban cang cb nhieu kha
nang gay anh hubng len ngubi khac.
137

N G U Y f e N T A C #2

C H I A

SE G A N H

V O I

C A P

N A N G

T R E N

o le, ban da rung nghe cau tuc ngu: "Pass the buck",

nghia la tranh ne quyen lam chu hay trbn tranh trach

nhiem. Mot tai lieu cho rang each dien dat nay bat ngubn tu
ngubi dan mien Tay, khi choi bai, ho dung con dao buck de
chi dinh ngubi chia van bai tie'p theo. Neu khong muon chia,
nguoi ta cb the chuyen con dao buck (pass the buck) cho
ngubi ben canh.
Khi con duong nhiem, Tong thong Harry Truman dat
tren ban gia'y mot tam bang cb dong chu "Lupt chia bai
dung b day" (The Buck Stops Here). Qua hang chu nbi tie'ng
nay, Truman muon khang dinh vbi dan chung My, bng se
nhan hoan toan trach nhiem ve nhung hanh dong cua minh,
138

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

chu khong do loi cho ai khac. Trong bai phat bieu b Dai hoc
National War ngay 19/12/1952, Truman nbi: "Cac ban biet
day, that de dang de mot cau thu

- nbi le ra hua'n luyen vien phai lam

gi vao sang thu hai sau khi tran
Cac nha lanh dao co
dau ket thuc. Tren ban lam viec
the tit bo nhieu thu.
cua tbi cb mot tam bang nhb de
Hp co theuy nhiem
dbng chu 'Lupt chia bai dung b
nhieu thie. Tliuduy
nhat ho khong the ru
day'. Khi su phan quyet duoc
bo la trach nhiem
mang ra de ban phan xu, ban nha't
cuoi cung.
dinh phai dua ra quyet dinh."
Trong dip khac, bng khang dinh
k i : "Tong thong - du ong ta la ai cung phai ra quyet dinh. Ong ta khong the dun day trach
nhiem cho ngubi khac. Khong ai khac cb the ra quyet dinh
thay. Do la trach nhiem cua bng ta."
Trach nhiem luon de nang tren vai cac nha lanh dao.
Chuc vu cang cao, trach nhiem cang nang. Khi lam tong
thong, Truman da ganh tren vai sue nang cua ca mpt quoc
gia. Cac nha lanh dao cb the tu bb nhieu thu. Ho cb the by
nhiem nhieu thu. Thu duy nha't hp khong the ru bb la trach
nhiem cub'i cung.

N A N G L A N H D A O LEN GIUP B A N
NANG CHINH M I N H
La mpt nhan vien, ban cb the lam mpt hai viec cho cap
tren cua minh. Ban cb the giup giam bbt ganh nang hoac ban
139

NHA LANH DAO 360

co the khien cai ganh do nang them. Dieu do tuong tu voi
Quy tac Thang may (Elevator Principle) ma toi co nhac den
trong cuon sach Winning with People: "Chung ta co the nang
moi ngudi len hay xuong trong cac moi quan he cua minh."
Giup nang ganh nang chinh la ban dang giup cap tren thanh
cong. Khi nha lanh dao cap cao thanh cong, to chuc se thanh
cong va ban cung vay.
Yeu to dbng co rat quan trong khi chung vai, nang bbt
ganh nang cua nha lanh dao. Tbi khuyen ban nang len chu
khong bo do. Nbi nhu vay khong cb nghia la nhung ngubi
tot vdi sep va hy vpng dieu do cb loi cho su nghiep cua ho la
nhung ngubi cb dbng co xau hoac xau tinh. Ho chi hao phi
sue luc khong dung chb. Mot lanh dao gibi cb the chi ra sir
khac biet giua mot ngubi that long mub'n giup va mot ngubi
dang co cau an hue.
Cb nhieu loi ich tich cue khi ban chung vai chia se ganh
nang cua lanh dao. Sau day la mot vai loi ich trong so do:
Chung to ban la nguoi co tinh them d6ng d0l
Kirk Nowery, Chu tich cua Injoy Stewardship Services la
mot ngubi cb tinh than dong dpi tuyet vbi. Khi mbi bat dau
lam b ISS, bng la mpt trong nhung "chie'n binh duong pho"
cua chung tbi. Ong nbi chuyen vbi cac nha tho, gibi thieu ISS
va cac dich vu cua cong ty cho cac linh muc cung nhu cac
nha lanh dao khdng theo giao hbi. Bat cu khi nao tbi gap
Kirk, bng cung hbi tbi: "John, anh cb can tbi giup gi khong?"
Do la each bng cho tbi biet, bng la ngubi cb tinh than dong
140

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

dpi, san sang lam bat cb dieu gi vi thanh cong cua ISS.
Hien nay, Kirk dang dieu hanh mpt cong ty va bng van hbi
tbi cau hbi do mbi khi chung tbi gap nhau. Va neu tbi nhb
bng lam bat cu viec gi, du do la mpt muc tieu lbn cua cong
ty hay chi la mpt viec nhb cua ca nhan, bng deu hoan thanh
xuat sac.
T6 long bift on khi dupe 6 trong tap the
Tuc ngu cb cau: "Ub'ng nubc nhb ngubn." Long biet on la
mpt trong nhung thubc tinh tot dep nhat cua loai ngubi. Doi
khi, tbi cho rang, no la mot trong nhung thu it can tap luyen
nha't. Toi phai cong nhan mpt dieu, nhung ngubi lam viec
cung tbi khong he tac trach trong viec nay. Hp luon to long
biet on bang each chung vai chia se ganh nang va giam bbt
cong viec tren vai tbi. Va bbi vi hp quan tam den tbi, nen tbi
luon cb gang quan tam den hp.
Giup ban trd thanh mpt phSn cua mpt nhom
Ion hon
Thang 2/2005, mpt so thanh vien cua EQUIP, cac dao tao
vien tinh nguyen cung nha tai trp hien thbi va tiem nang bay
den chau A u de phat dbng chien dich Million Leaders
Mandate (Mpt trieu nha lanh dao uy thac). Tai day, chung
tbi da gap cac nguyen thu quoc gia cua Vuong quoc Anh,
Due, Ukraina va Nga.
Chi trong 10 ngay, chung tbi di qua rat nhieu vung dat.
Bubi sang, chung tbi thuong bay tbi mpt dat nubc, di tham
141

NHA LANH DAO 360

quan mpt so thang canh vao bubi chieu va gap cac nha lanh
dao chu chot vao buoi tb'i hoac ngay horn sau. Trong luc
khan truong di tu noi nay den noi khac va cung nhau di tren
nhung chiec xe buyt tu san bay tbi khach san, den phong
hpp hoi nghi, Doug Carter, Pho Chu tich EQUIP, lien tuc
nhac mpi ngubi ve chie'n lupc cua
EQUIP va chuong trinh Million
Leaders Mandate: dao tao va trang

Khi ban giup mot

bi tinh than lanh dao cho mpt trieu

- ,
-. nguoi tren sau luc dia.
Doug la nha lanh dao gibi. Ong

\ ' Hnse mang lai

mot dieu vi do Ion hon.

d 6

luon nhac chung tbi nhb rang viec chung tbi dang lam la
mot phan cua mpt dieu to lbn hon nhung su kien quan trpng
nha't thoi. Khi ban giup mpt ai do, ban se mang lai mpt dieu
gi do lbn hon. Khong phai hau he't mpi ngubi deu mo uoc
trb thanh mpt phan cua mpt thu quan trpng hon sao? Ngoai
ra, trb thanh mpt phan cua mpt thu lbn hon se khien ban
thay minh cb y nghia hon. Ban khong the dbng gbp cho mpt
thu quan trpng ma khong thay doi. Neu ban mub'n trb nen
tot hon, hay trb thanh mot phan cua mpt thu lbn hon cai ban
dang cb.
Ban dircrc chu y
Khi ban nang mpi ngubi len, hp khong the khong chii y
den dieu do. Ngay ca khi nhung ngubi khac khong nhan ra,
nhung ngubi dupe giup do se luon nhan ra nhung viec ban
dang lam. Tat nhien, ban khong the gia tang gia tri cho mpi
142

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

nguoi neu chi giup ho mot lan. Viec nang ngudi khac len
phai la mot qua trinh lien tuc neu ban mub'n gia tri gia tang
quay lai bdi dap cho ban.
SO LAN BAN GIUP DO PHAN UNG CUA LANH DAO
Mpt hoac hai lan

"Cam on!"

Nhieu lan

"Tbi can anh!"

Lien tuc

"Hay de tdi giup anh!"

Neu ban lien tuc giup do ngudi khac, cub'i cung, ho cung
se mud'n giup ban. Ngay ca neu cap tren khong lam viec do,
mot ngudi nao do se dua tay giup ban. Chi can nhd rang:
Van de khong phai la ganh nang nang the nao. Van de la han vac
no the nao.
T_ng gia trj va anh hutVng cua ban
Co ngubi ban hay ngubi than nao luon lam mpi thu tot
dep hon cho ban, bb sung gia tri cho ban khi hai ngudi d ben
nhau khong? Neu cb, tbi chac rang ngubi do chie'm mpt vi
tri dac biet trong trai tim ban. Ngubi giup san se ganh nang
cung cb mpt vi tri dac biet trong trai tim cap tren cua hp.
Mpt nha lanh dao cap cao se dat ra cau hbi: "Tbi cb hanh
phuc hon khi cb ho trong nhom?" Day la diem mau chb't vdi
ngudi lanh dao. Neu ban khien cap tren cam thay hanh phuc
hon khi cb ban trong nhom, thi gia tri va anh hudng cua ban
se tang len. Tdi thudng t u dat ra cau hbi tren khoang hai
nam sau khi tuyen mpt ngudi nao do. Tdi la ngudi rat
lac quan, vi vay phai mat chung do thoi gian thi su hao
143

NHA LANH DAO 360

hung cua toi ve nguoi do moi dm di, du de toi nhin khach
quan hon vao thuc te cong viec cua ho. Cac nha lanh dao
khac co the dua ra nhung danh gia dung dan sbm hon toi,
mac du vay toi khuyen nhung nha lanh dao bi quan hay doi
hai nam (de vupt qua thai do hoai nghi cua minh).
Khi ban chung vai nang ganh nang vbi ngubi lanh dao,
ganh nang tren vai ban chac chan se nang them. Ban phai
dam duong nhieu hon nua trong khi viec lanh dao tu vi tri
cap trung von da rat khb khan. Tuy vay, khi ban giup do cap
tren, cap tren se thuong giup do lai ban.

CACH CHIA SE GANH NANG VOI CAP TREN

Sau khi tim hieu nhung each giup do cap tren de co the
giup chinh ban, cb le, ban da nghi dupe vai each giup cap
tren cua minh. Tbi khuyen ban nen lam theo ban nang.
Nhung trong truong hpp ban khong chac phai bat dau tu
dau, tbi se dua ra mpt vai goi y:
1. Trircx h_t, hay lam th$t t6t vl$c cua minh
Cau thu bong chay huyeh thoai Willie Mays da noi:
"Thinh thoang, choi hay trong mot vai tran dau khong kho.
Choi hay hang ngay mbi khb." Neu ngay nao, ban cung co
the choi hay, ban da tien mpt bubc quan trpng trong viec
giup giam nhe ganh nang cho lanh dao - ban khong de cap
tren phai nhac hb ganh nang cua ban.

144

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Co mot nhan vien lien tuc noi voi toi rang anh ta muon
giup toi. Dau tien, toi nghi: "Thai do do that tuyet voi!"
Nhung toi nhan thay du lien tuc de
nghi giup do toi, nhung anh ta
"Ttiinh thodng, choi hay chua bao gib hoan thanh cong viec
trong mot vdi tran dau
cua chinh minh. Vi the, tbi quyet
khong kho. Choi hay
dinh nbi chuyen vbi anh ta de anh
hang ngay mdi kho."
ta biet rang each tot nha't anh ta cb
- Willie Mays
the giup tbi la hoan thanh tot cong
viec cua minh. The nhung, anh ta
van nha't nha't doi giup do tbi trong
khi van khong hoan thanh cong viec cua minh. Rot cue, tbi
ket luan, dieu anh ta mub'n la lam mat thoi gian cua tbi, chu
khong phai giup tbi va tbi bubc phai sa thai anh ta.
2. Khi gap r i c roi, hay dua ra giai phap
Tbi rat thich doan truyen tranh hai hubc Peanuts mieu ta
canh Lucy tien tbi chb Charlie Brown, luc nay dang chb'ng
cam dua vao tubng. Lucy nhin Charlie va nbi: "E, Charlie,
lai chan roi ha?"
"Cau cb biet tai sao cau lai chan khong?" Lucy hbi tie'p
khi Charlie khong buon tra lbi. "Tat ca deu la vi cau la cau
day!", Charlie chan nan tra lbi, " 6 , nhung to cb the lam gi
dupe day?" Lucy tra lbi, "To khong ra ve la cb the cho cau
lbi khuyen. To chi cho cau thay dieu cau phieh muon thoi."
Ngubi giup san se ganh nang khong lam theo each cua
Lucy. Hp lam theo each Henry Ford: "Dung tim loi, hay tim
each khac phuc."
145

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Trong mot to chuc ma toi lanh dao nhieu nam ve truoc,
co rat nhieu "Lucy", nhung nguoi lien tuc chat dong nhung
van de len ban lam viec cua tbi, sau do bb di, roi lai quay trb
lai vbi nhung van de mbi. Vi vay, tbi phai dat ra quy dinh.
Nhung ai mang tbi mot van de se phai nghi ra ba giai phap
kha thi truoc khi gap tbi. Tbi lam the khong phai vi toi
khong muon giup ho? Tbi lam the vi tbi mub'n ho hoc each
tu giup ban than. Ho se nhanh chong trb nen sang tao va
thao vat hon. Thoi gian trbi di, cang ngay, ho cang can it su
giup do hon va trb thanh nhung ngubi dua ra quyet dinh va
lanh dao gioi hon.
3. N6I nhung di_u dp tren cin nghe, chu khdng phai
nhung dl6u hp mudn nghe
Nhb true giac nhanh nhay, cac nha lanh dao gibi thuong
nhin thay nhieu hon va nhanh hon nhung gi ngubi khac cb
the nhin thay. Tai sao vay? Bbi vi

hp nhin mpi thu t u goc dp lanh

+
x,
,, , , . ,
"Chi cd rat it quan tri
dao. Nhung khi to chuc tro nen Ion
' ,
vien gioi muon
manh, ho thuong mat di do nhay
, - , ,^

J
xung quann minh la
ben. Hp bi mat lien lac. Vay dau la
<
>
giai phap cho van de nay? Ho nhin
. ,
,
{
,
- Burton Bigelow
mpi thu thong qua nhung nguoi
than
tin. lbn cac nha lanh dao gibi deu mub'n biet quan diem

Phan
T

ba

phAi

cua nhung ngubi hp tin tubng. Chuyen gia ban hang Burton
Bigelow tung khang dinh: "Chi cb rat it quan tri vien gioi
146

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

muon xung quanh minh la nhung ke 'ba phai'. Diem yeu lbn
nha't cua nhung quan tri vien nay la buc tuong h u cau do
nhung ke ba phai dung nen quanh minh, trong khi dieu
quan tri vien mub'n nha't la su that hien nhien."
Mpt trong nhung each de trb thanh ngubi than tin cua
lanh dao la nbi cho hp su that. Mpt trong nhung tro ly dac
luc nhat cua tbi la Linda Eggers. Mbi khi gap Linda, tbi deu
yeu cau cb cho tbi biet tinh hinh. Tbi tin tat ca nhung dieu cb
nbi. Cb Linda lam viec cho tbi giong nhu cb them mpt cai
dau vay!
Khi mbi bat dau lam viec vbi nhau, tbi da yeu cau Linda
luon nbi thang nhung tin xau. Tbi khong mub'n cb vbng vo
hay co gang tranh lam tbi ru ai. Neu phai nhan tin xau, tbi
mub'n no phai trung thuc va tuc thi. Tbi hua vbi Linda se
khong bao gib trut gian len ngubi dua tin. Neu ban hbi
Linda, tbi tin cb se cong nhan la tbi da giu lbi hua.
Neu ban chua tung nbi thang y kien cua minh va nbi dieu
lanh dao can nghe, ban can dung cam hon. Tong t u lenh
quan doi My trong The chie'n thu hai va sau nay la Tong
thong Dwight D. Eisenhower, nbi: "Mpt trai tim dung cam
quyet dinh mpt nua thanh cong cua cube chie'n." Neu nbi
thang, ban cb the giup cap tren cung nhu chinh ban. Hay bat
dau t u nhung van de nhb va hay that kheo leo. Neu lanh
dao cua ban chiu tie'p thu, hay thang than hon theo thoi
gian. Neu ban cb the khien cap tren khong nhung san sang
lang nghe ma con that su mub'n biet quan diem cua ban, thi
can nhb rang: Trach nhiem cua ban la cai pheu, chu khong
147

NHA LANH DAO 360"

phai cai loc. Hay chuyen tai thong tin chinh xac, khong them
that. Cac nha lanh dao gioi muon biet su that - du do la su
that dau long.
4. S_n sang lam viec t h e m g i a
Chuyen gia ban hang Zig Ziglar tung nbi: "Tac dubng se
khong xay ra tren nhung dam dubng phu them." Khi ban
lam nhieu hon duoc yeu cau, chac chan, ban se nbi bat giua
dam dbng. Khi ban the hien thai do khong ne ha lam bat ky
viec gi neu cb loi cho to chuc, ban
se rat nbi bat vi ban se la ngubi moi
ngu oi luon tim den khi can giup
"Tac dubng se khong
xyi ~

^
xay ra tren nhieng dam
do. Nhung nguoi noi bat so voi
*
,
, , , ,
,.
dubng phu them."
dam dong thuong tro thanh nguoi
than ti
cap tren. Cac nha lanh
- Zig Ziglar
dao ky vong nhieu t u "bp sau" cua
ho. Hp ky vong b nhung ngubi nay
mpt tu duy san sang lam them viec. Hp trong dpi nhung no
luc dac biet, nhung trach nhiem nang ne hon va suy nghi
tran tro hon. De bu lai, cac nha lanh dao cung den dap cho
hp nhieu hon.
y

5. Bao v$ cap tren b^t cCr khi nao co th_

Giup do lanh dao cb nghia la ung hp va bao ve hp bat cu
khi nao cb the. Cuu Tong Tham muu truong, Bp truong
Ngoai giao My Colin Powell nbi: "Khi chung ta tranh cai ve

148

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

mot van de, su trung thanh duoc the hien khi anh cho toi
biet y kien that cua anh, bat ke tbi cb thich hay khong. 6 giai
doan nay su bat dbng y kien se lam tbi hao hung. Nhung khi
quyet dinh duoc dua ra, cb nghia la cube tranh cai da ket
thuc. Tu luc nay trb di, trung thanh nghia la thi hanh quyet
dinh cu nhu the no la quyet dinh cua anh."
6. Dai dien cho lanh dao bat cu khi nao cd the
Mbi nhan vien trong to chuc la mpt ngubi dai dien cua to
chiic do. Cac ca nhan b tat ca cac cap cung la ngubi dai dien
cho cap tren cua hp. Vi the, hp cb the quyet dinh tien len va
thay mat lanh dao cung nhu phuc vu cho to chuc.
Nhieu nam truoc, tbi thuong nbi vbi cac nha lanh dao
mbi trong to chuc cua tbi rang cac nhan vien di dao vbi hai
cai xb. Mot xb chiia nubc, mpt xb chua dau. La lanh dao, hp
se lien tuc gap phai nhiing dbng lua nhb, va cac nhan vien
cb the do nubc hay tubi dau vao lua. Do la lua chpn cua hp.
7. Hdi cap tren xem ban cd thi giup hp nhu thi nao
Tien doan dupe lanh dao cua minh can gi hay mub'n gi la
rat tot. Nhung tot hon he't la true tie'p den gap va hoi hp.
Neu ban lam tot viec cua minh, cap tren se cang san long nbi
cho ban biet ban cb the giup hp lam gi.
Vbi nhieu nam lam tu van kiem dien gia, tbi phat hien ra
hai nghe nay cb hai each tie'p can mpi ngubi khac nhau. Mpt
la nha t u van bubc vao mpt to chiic va nbi: "Day la nhung
149

NHA LANH DAO 360

dieu toi biet, anh hay ngoi xuong va lang nghe." Trong khi
do, mot dien gia se nbi: "Chung ta can biet dieu gi? Hay
cung nhau tim ra dieu do." Cac dien gia thuong tbi buoi hen
vbi y nghi rang do la luc hp trb nen nbi bat va nhanh chong
cho ban biet ban cb the lam gi de giup hp. Vbi hp, do la
khoang thoi gian de gia tang gia tri cho ngubi lanh dao da
mbi hp.
Khi tbi dan truong thanh va tung trai hon, tbi co gang
giong nhung ngubi trong nhom thu hai. Giong nhieu lanh
dao khi mbi vao nghe, ban dau tbi tap trung vao ban than.
Nhung cuoi cung, tbi nhan ra rang khi dupe mbi noi
chuyen, tbi b do la de phuc vu nhung lanh dao da mbi toi.
Tbi mub'n gia tang gia tri cho hp, nang ganh nang cua hp neu
cb the. De lam dupe nhu vay, tbi hbi hp ba dieu:

"Tbi cb the nbi dieu ban vua nbi truoc do de cho ban
mpt tie'ng nbi khac khong?"

"Tbi cb the nbi dieu ban muon nbi nhung khong the,
de cho ban mpt tie'ng nbi can thiet khong?"

"Tbi cb the nbi dieu ban chua tung nbi de cho ban
tie'ng nbi lan dau tien khong?"

Hau he't cac lanh dao gibi deu nbi "Cb" vbi mbi cau hoi
tbi dua ra. Ho luon nghi vupt len truoc, nghi ve noi se dua
to chuc den va each nao cb the den dupe do. Khi mpt nguoi
nao do hbi xem cb the giup dupe gi, hp rat vui long. Chi can
cb ai do hoi hp.

150

N G U T f e H T A G #3

S A N
N G I / O I

S A N G L A M V I E C
K H A C

K H O N G

L A M

Ngudi thanh cdng lam nhieng viec ma ngubi that hai

khdng

muon

lam.

pt nhom vien trp 6 Nam Phi viet thu hoi nha truyen

giao va tham hiem David Livingstone: "Ngai da tim

ra con duong nao dan toi noi ngai dang song chua? Chung
toi muon biet lam sao de gui nhung ngubi khac tbi nhom

cua ngai."
Livingstone tra lbi: "Neu nhung ngubi cac bng dinh gui
den chi den khi hp biet cb con dubng thuan loi, thi tbi khong
muon nhan hp. Tbi mub'n lam viec vbi nhung ngubi se deb
ngay ca khi khong cb con dubng nao ca." Do la dieu cac nha
151

NHA LANH DAO 360

lanh dao hang dau muon thay a nhung nguoi lam viec cho
ho: hp muon co nhung ca nhan san sang lam viec ma nguoi
khac khong lam.
Lanh dao gioi danh gia rat cao nhung nhan vien co thai
dp khong ne ha cong viec. Do la thai do ma mpt nha lanh
dao 360 can co. Hp phai luon co
kha nang suy nghi vupt ra ngoai
Lanh dao gioi danh gid
pham vi cong viec va san sang giai
rat cao nhung nhan
g
vien co thai do khdng
* - i - L - . i >
hoac qua kieu hanh hoac qua so
ne ha cong viec.
, , ,
hai khong the dam duong. Nhung
_ _ _ _ = _ = _ _ _ cong viec nay se nang cac nha lanh
dao 360 len tren cac dong nghiep.
Va hay nhb, dupe chii y la mot trong nhung budc dau tien
de gay anh hudng len lanh dao.
q

v i

k h a c

THE N A O LA L A M VIEC
M A N G U O I K H A C K H O N G LAM?
Co the ban cb thai dp khong ne ha trudc cdng viec.
Neu nhiem vu do luong thien va cd ich, ban ludn san sang
dam duong. Dieu do that tot cho ban! Tat ca dieu ban can
biet la bien thai dp do thanh hanh dbng de gay tac dbng lbn
nha't va tao ra anh hubng len mpi ngudi. Day la mudi lbi
khuyen huu ich ban nen thuc hien de trd thanh mpt nha
lanh dao 360 - ngudi biet lanh dao cap tren:

152

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

1. Bam nhan nhung cong vic kho khan
Kha nang hoan thanh nhung nhiem vu kho khan se giup
ban nhanh chong gianh duoc su kinh ne cua moi ngubi.
Trong cuon Phat then ky nang lanh dao, tbi da chung minh,
each nhanh nha't de trb thanh lanh dao la giai quyet nhung
rac rbi.
Cac rac roi lien tuc xay ra d noi lam viec, d nha va trong cupc song ndi
chung. Tlieo quan sat cua tdi, moi ngudi khdng thich cac rdc roi, ho
nhanh chong met mdi va se lam gdn nhu bat cu viec gi de thodt khoi
chung. Khuynh hudng nay khien moi ngudi dl dang trao quyen lanh dao
vao tay ban neu ban san sang va cd the gidi quyet cac rdc rd'i cua hp hoac
hudng dan ho gidi quyet chung. Ky nang giai quyet rdc rd'i cua ban ludn
dupe can den bdi vi mpi ngudi ludn gap rdc roi.
Dam duong cong viec khb khan
khong nhung giup ban gianh duoc
su ton trong cua moi ngubi, ma con
giup ban lanh dao gibi hon. Ban
,
,
./ , , .,
, ,

hoc duoc tinh kien dinh va ean h

,
'
,
truoc nhung nhiem vu kho khan.
b

Qua trinh lua chpn nan giai va thuc

hien cac nhiem vu khb khan chinh
la qua trinh tbi luyen cho cac nha
lanh dao.

Q" trinh 'K chon

nan giai vd thuc Men
cac nhiem vu kho khan
fl

chinh la
<, ....
qua trinh toi luyen
c h o

c d c

= =

2. "Tra phi" cho quy_n luc

Thuong nghi si M y Sam Nunn tung nbi: "Ban phai tra
mpt cai gia. Mpi viec trong cube song deu cb mpt cai gia va
153

NHA LANH DAO 360"

ban se phai quyet dinh xem muc gia do cb xung vbi ky vpng
hav khong." De tro thanh mot nha lanh dao 360, ban phai
tra mot cai gia. De gianh vi tri lanh dao, ban se phai tu bo
nhieu co hbi. Ban se phai hy sinh mpt so muc tieu ca nhan vi
loi ich cua ngubi khac. Ban se phai bubc ra khoi ken va lam
nhung viec chua tung lam trubc day. Ban se phai tie'p tuc
hoc hoi va phat trien du ban khong thich nhu vay. Ban se
phai dat ngubi khac len tren ban than khong chi mpt lan. Va
neu ban khao khat trb thanh nha lanh dao gibi, ban se phai
lam tat ca nhung viec nay ma khong dupe ke cong hay than
tho. Nhung hay nhb, huyeh thoai bong bau due My George
Halas rung nbi: "Khong ai cb' gang he't minh ma lai hbi tie'e
ve dieu do ca."
3. Lam viec th3m l$ng
Tbi danh gia rat cao tam quan trpng cua nang luc lanh
dao. Va day cung la dieu hien nhien db'i vbi nhung ai
giuong cao khau hieu: "Mpi thang tram deu phu thupc vao
nang luc lanh dao." Doi khi, cb ngubi hbi tbi lam the nao de
cai tbi ca nhan hba hpp vbi nang luc lanh dao. Hp mub'n biet
cac nha lanh dao kiem che cai tbi nhu the nao. Tbi cho rang,
mbi lanh dao se tim dupe cau tra lbi cho rieng minh tren con
dubng phat trien kha nang lanh dao. Neu mpi ngubi "tra
phi" va cb' gang he't sue trong tham lang, long tu ton se
khong con quan trpng nua.
Dieu nay dupe minh hoa hap dan bang cau chuyen thu vi
ve Moses trong Kinh Cuu ubc. Mac du la ngubi Do Thai,
nhung Moses lai song phu quy trong cung dien A i Cap tbi
154

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

tan nam 40 tuoi. Sau khi gie't mpt nguoi A i Cap, Moses bi
day tbi sa mac trong 40 nam. O do, Chua de bng lam ngubi
chan cuu va lam mot ngubi cha. Sau 40 nam am tham phuc
vu trung thanh, Moses duoc mpi ngubi ton vinh la nha lanh
dao. Kinh Thanh viet rang, trubc do bng la ngubi khiem
nhupng nha't the gian. Bill Purvis, linh muc cao cap cua nha
thb lbn b Colombus, Georgia da nbi: "Neu ban lam cai ban
cb the, vbi nhung cai ban cb, b noi ban b, thi Chua se khong
rbi bb ban va se tang them cai ban cb."
Tieu thuyet gia ngubi Anh Emily Bronte tung nbi: "Neu
cb the, tbi muon lam viec trong su im lang va vo danh, de
nhung no luc cua tbi dupe biet den nhb ket qua cua chung."
Tuv nhien, khong phai ai cung muon dung ngoai anh hao
quang nhu nha van nay. Song hoc each lam viec trong tham
lang rat quan trpng doi vbi nhung ai mub'n trb thanh lanh
dao boi vi day chinh la bai sat hach cho tinh chinh true.
Dieu then chb't la ban san sang thuc hien mot viec nao do boi
vi viec do cb y nghia, chu khong phai de ban dupe chii y.
9

4. Chinh phuc nhung nguoi kh6 chju

Nhung nguoi b day so do to chuc khong cb quyen lua
chpn nguoi lam viec chung vbi minh. The nen, hp thubng
phai lam viec vbi nhung ngubi khb chiu. Ngupc lai, nhung
ngubi dung dau khong bao gib lam viec vbi nhung ngubi
khb chiu bbi vi hp dupe lua chpn ngubi lam viec cung.

Emily Bronte (1818-1848) la tac gia cuon tieu thuyet noi tie'ng Doi gid Int.
155

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Neu co nguoi tro nen kho chiu, ho thuong de ngubi do ra di
hoac chuven ngubi do di noi khac.
Vbi nhung nha lanh dao cap trung, van de lai khac han.
Hp cb quyen chpn lua nhung khong cb quyen kiem soat
hoan toan. Hp khong the loai bb he't nhung ngubi khb chiu,
song hp thuong tranh lam viec vbi nhung ngubi nay. Cac
nha lanh dao gioi - nhung ngubi hoc dupe each lanh dao
cap tren, dong cap va cap duoi - thuong tim each dung hoa
vbi ca nhung ngubi rat khb chiu khi lam viec cung. Vi sao
ho lam nhu vay? Bbi vi dieu do cb loi cho to chuc. Hp lam
dieu do nhu the nao? Hp cb gang tim kiem diem chung va
ket nbi vbi nhung ngubi nay. Va thay vi ep nhung ngubi
khb chiu theo suy nghi cua minh, hp cb' gang dat ban than
minh vao vi tri cua nhung ngubi khb chiu.
5. Chap nh$n mao hiem
O chuong truoc, tbi da viet, neu ban mub'n lanh dao cap
tren, ban phai nbi bat so vbi cac dbng nghiep. Ban lam dieu
nay the nao, dac biet la khi dang "tra phi" hay lam viec
trong tham lang? Cb mpt each la chap nhan mao hiem. Ban
khong the "choi chac an" va nbi bat cung mpt luc.
Chap nhan mao hiem t u vi tri lanh dao cap trung doi hbi
ban phai hanh dbng het sue te nhi va kheo leo. Ban khong
dupe tuy tien "lam lieu" vbi nhung thu khong thupc ve ban.
Tbi goi do la "dat cupc bang tien ngubi khac." Ban khong co
quyen day to chuc vao tinh hubng nguy hiem hay tao ra rui
ro cao cho nhung ngubi khac. Neu mub'n mao hiem, ban can

156

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

dat ban than vao noi nguy hiem truoc. Choi manh tay,
nhung dung choi chSc tay.
6. Thua nhan khuyet di.m, nhung khdng bao gid
bao chua
Chuyen tu that bai sang thanh cong don gian hon chuyen
tu lbi bao chua sang thanh cong. Cap tren se tin nhiem ban
hon neu ban thua nhan cac khuyet diem cua minh va khong
bao bien. Tat nhien, dieu nay khong co nghia la ban khong
can tao ra thanh tuu. Hua'n luyen vien bong chay McDonald
Valentine nbi: "Ban choi b dang cap
cang cao, ngubi ta cang it chap
, .. .. . . _
nhan loi bao chua.
Lanh dao cap trung la vi tri
thuan 101 de kham pha ban than va
tim hieu moi viec. Tu vi tri nay,

Chuyen
tuthatbaisan?
, \ , , ' .,
thanh cong don gian
hon chuyen tit loi bao
8
"S
^^

c6

ban cb the kham pha nhung uu

diem trong nang luc lanh dao cua minh. Neu that bai, ban cb
the khac phuc sai lam. Nhung neu ban van that bai, ban cb
the hoc each vuot qua trb ngai hoac kham pha nhung diem
yeu de cong tac vbi ngubi khac. Nhung du the nao, dung
bao chua! Steven Brown, Chu tich Tap doan Fortune tong
ket van de nay nhu sau: "Ve ban chat, cb hai hanh dong
trong cube dbi: Su thi hanh va nhung lbi bao chua. Ban hay
tu quyet dinh nen thuc hien hanh dbng nao."

157

NHA LANH DAO 360"

7. Lam nhieu hon ca ky vpng
Trong cac to chiic, moi nguoi luon ky vong rat nhieu vao
nhung nguoi dung dau, va ngupc lai, rat it vao nhung nguoi
"diing thap". Nhung co nhieu ky vong khac nhau cho vi tri
giua. Vi vay, neu ban lam nhieu hon ky vong danh cho
minh, ban se noi bat len va cb the thu duoc nhung ket qua
bat ngo va tuyet vbi.
Khi Chris Hodges, linh muc cao cap dbng thoi la nha tai
tro va hubng dan vien tinh nguyen cua EQUIP, con la thanh
vien cua mot nha tho lbn b Baton Rouge, cap tren cua ong,
linh muc Larry Stockstill, cb co hbi dan mot chuong trinh
truyen hinh true tie'p. Chris khong cb trach nhiem gi trong
chuong trinh nay, ma that ra luc do, v i tri cua bng trong nha
tho kha thap. Nhung bng biet chuong trinh nay rat quan
trpng vbi Larry, vi vay Chris quyet dinh di den truong quay
de xem lan ghi hinh dau tien. The ma hoa ra chi cb duy nha't
bng la thanh vien cua nha tho tbi du.
Trong truong quay, khong khi rat nao nhiet truoc gib
bam may. Nhung su phan khich do nhanh chong bie'n thanh
hoang hot khi vi khach mbi dupe len lich xuat hien trong
chuong trinh goi den bao rang bng ta dang gap true trac tren
dubng di. Vi khach khong lo lang, boi bng ta nghi hp cb the
ghi hinh muon. Ong ta khpng nhan ra la chuong trinh nay
dupe xep lich la truyen hinh true tie'p!
Trong khoanh khac do, Larry nhin quanh, trong thay
Chris, lien tuyen bo: "Anh se la khach mbi cua tbi horn nay."

158

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Ca nhom phu trach trudng quay cud'ng cuong cai
microphone cho Chris, dam it phan trang diem len mat va
de ong ngoi vao cai ghe ben canh Larry. Chris sung sot vo
cung khi den bat sang va camera bat dau quay, Larry gidi
thieu Chris la ban dan chuong trinh vbi minh.
Chris da dan chuong trinh do vdi Larry hang tuan trong
hai nam rudi. Su viec do da thay ddi bng mai mai. No khong
chi xay dung mbi quan he cua bng vdi lanh dao cua minh,
ma con khien bng nbi tie'ng trong cong dong. Quan trpng
hon, bng hoc dupe each ung bie'n va tro thanh mpt ngubi
giao tie'p kheo leo hon. Cac ky nang do giup ich rat nhieu
cho bng trong cupc song hang ngay. Va tat ca dieu do xay ra
bbi vi bng da quyet dinh lam nhieu hon ca nhung dieu duoc
ky vong.
8. Hay la nguoi dau tien budc len trudc va giup do
Trong 25 Ways to Win with People (25 each chinh phuc
long ngubi), tdi chi ra rang trb thanh ngubi dau tien giup do
ngudi khac la each tuyet vdi nha't de hp biet ban quan tam
tdi hp. Anh hudng ban cb dupe khi giup do mpt ngudi ban
cung giong vdi anh hudng ban cb dupe khi bubc len trubc
va giup do cap tren. Ban khong thay nhung dieu sau la
dung sao?
Nguoi tinh nguyen dau tien la mpt anh hiing va dime diem 10 cho inig xir.
Ngudi thu hai dupe coi la ngubi gulp do va dupe xem la tren mire trung
binh mpt chid.

159

NHA LANH DAO 360

Ngwm thu ba, ding vai nhieng ngiebi Hep theo, bi cho la ke theo duoi va
bi bo qua.
Khong quan trong nguoi ban giup la ai, du la sep, dong
nghiep hay mot ai do lam viec cho ban. Khi ban giup mot
ngubi nao do trong nhom tuc la ban da giup ca nhom. Va
khi ban giup ca nhom, ban cung dang giup lanh dao cua
minh. Dieu do cho hp ly do de chu y va danh gia cao ban.
9. Thuc hien nhung vlc "khdng thu<)c trach nhlm"
Cac lanh dao rat tuc gian khi mpt ai do tu choi thuc hien
cong viec dupe giao chi vi "no khong phai viec cua tbi!" (Khi
do, nhung lanh dao tbi quen thuong mub'n cham dut hop
tac vbi ngubi lao dbng!). Tuy nhien, cac lanh dao gibi khong
suy nghi nhu vay. Ho hieu Nguyen tac Buc tranh lbn (Xem
them 21 Nguyen tac vang trong nghe thuat lanh dao).
Muc tieu cua nha lanh dao 360 la hoan thanh cong viec,
thuc hien tam nhin cua to chuc va lanh dao, hay nbi each
khac la lam bat cu viec gi to chuc giao. Khi mpt lanh dao
"leo cao", hp thuong nghi tbi viec tuyen ngubi nao do de
hoan thanh cong viec, nhung cac lanh dao cap trung thuong
khong dupe lua chpn. Vi vay, thay vi tuyen ai do, hp nhay
vao cube va tu minh hoan thanh cong viec.
10. Bigtchlu trach nhl$m
Gan day, tbi cb xem mpt tranh bie'm hoa ve ngubi cha
dang doc sach cho dua con nhb truoc khi di ngu. Tieu de
tren bia sach la Hie Story of Job (Cau chuyen cua Job), va cau
160

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

be hbi mot cau: "Vi sao anh ay khong do cho ngubi khac?"
Rat nhieu ngubi
ung vb thuc cua da
tuy nhien, do khong
Nha lanh dao 360
thanh chung.

thuong dat ra cau hbi tuong tu. Phan

so moi ngubi la khien trach mot ai do;
phai la phan bng cua nha lanh dao 360.
nhan hoan toan trach nhiem va hoan

Nhung ngubi lam viec cho tbi cb the thieu trach nhiem
bang each vi pham hop dbng. Khi cac nhan vien khong hoan
thanh cong viec, tat nhien, toi rat that vong. Nhung tbi s i n
sang tie'p tuc lam viec vbi ho de giup ho tien bb, neu hp thay
dbi, biet chiu trach nhiem cho hanh vi cua ban than. Tbi biet,
khi cb tinh than t u chu va ham hoc hbi, ho se cb gang het sue
de cai thien tinh hinh. Chung tbi khong cb xuat phat diem
cho su tien bo. Nhung neu mpt ngubi khong hoan thanh
cong viec va khong nhan trach nhiem, do la luc tbi nen de hp
ra di va tim ngubi khac the chb.
J. C. Penney nbi: "Tru phi ban san sang duong dau vbi
nhung cong viec vupt qua kha nang cua ngubi binh thuong,
neu khong, ban se khong du tieu chuan va kha nang can
thiet cho vi tri dung dau." Con tbi se nbi rang ban khong du
tieu chuan va kha nang can thiet cho vi tri lanh dao cap
trung! Nhung ngubi muon thanh cong san sang lam viec ma
ngubi khac khong lam. Va boi vay, lanh dao san sang ho trp
hp, thang chuc cho hp va chiu anh hubng cua hp.

161

N G U Y E N T A G #4

L A M

N H I E U

H O N Q U A N

L A N H

L Y -

D A O !

oi nguoi thuong yeu cau toi giai thich su khac biet

giua vai trb quan ly va vai trb lanh dao. Day la lbi
giai thich tbm tat cua tbi: Cac nha quan ly lam viec vbi quy
trinh, con nha lanh dao lam viec vbi con ngubi. Ca hai vi tri
tren deu cb vai trb quan trpng nhu nhau trong qua trinh

dieu hanh to chuc, nhung cb chuc nang khac nhau.

De hieu rb hon hai khai niem nay, ban hay nghi tbi vi du
ve mpt chie'n ham. De hoat dbng tot, con tau phai dupe dieu
khien, cung cap nhien lieu va tie'p te. Cac he thong vu khi
doi hbi phai dupe sap xep dung quy trinh lam viec. Con tau
phai dupe bao tri lien tuc va tuan thu theo hang chuc quy
trinh lien quan tbi nhan su tren tau.
162

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Can co mpt ban cb nhiem vu giam sat tat ca cac quy trinh
nay. Phai tien hanh nhung thu tuc, tao ra lich cong tac va
bao quan hang hoa. Neu thieu ngubi quan ly, nhung hoat
dbng nay se rat khb dien ra. Va neu khong dupe quan ly, cac
muc tieu se khong the hoan thanh.
Vay, con vai trb cua ngubi lanh dao? Cac lanh dao chi
huy nhung ngubi quan ly cac quy trinh. Neu tat ca cong viec
trong mpt to chuc dupe thuc hien toan bp tren may, to chuc
do se khong can lanh dao. Nhung nhieng ngudi lam cong viec
va quan ly cac quy trinh khong hoat dbng nhu may mbc. Ho
cb cam xuc, suy nghi, nhung khb khan, hy vpng va ubc mo.
Mac du cb the ap dung hinh thuc quan ly vbi con ngubi,
song hinh thuc lanh dao luon dem lai hieu qua cao hon. Va
khi dupe lanh dao, con ngubi thuc hien cong viec b mpt
trinh dp cao hon.
Mpt lanh dao gioi la mpt quan
ly gibi. Hp bat dau tu viec quan ly
that tot. Khi 1 am tot dieu
^
y
,

,
, ,
, ,
chuyen mon cua minh. bau do, ho
,

^
lam viec va tao anh hubng len
- T o m Mullins
, . ,', ,
. . .
nguoi khac. Hp hpc each hieu cac

dbng thai cua vai trb lanh dao.

Tom Mullins tung nbi: "Cac lanh
dao la nhung nha quan ly gibi, nhung cac nha quan ly gibi
chua chac da la nhung lanh dao gibi."
"Cac lanh dao la nhung
nha quan ly gioi, nhung
cac nha quan ly gioi
*'
,, ,
chua chac da la nhung
lanh dao gioi."

t h a n

h < ?

q ] j a n

y {

s u n

163

c < k

c S n

t h i e t

NHA LANH DAO 360

Vai tro lanh dao cao hon vai tro quan ly. Vai tro lanh dao
huong den:
COM ngudi hon In die an.
Chuyen dong hon Id duy tri.
Nghe thuat hon la khoa hoc.
Tain nhin hon la thu tuc.
Lieu linh hon la than trong.
Hanh dong hon Id phan ieng.
Cac nidi quan he lion Id dieu le.
"Ban la ai?" hon la "Ban lam gi?"
Muon tao anh huong len ngubi khac, ban phai hpc each
lanh dao.

VUOT RA KHOI VAI TRO QUAN LY

Neu ban da thuc hien tot cong viec cua minh va quan ly
hieu qua cac quy trinh, ban dang tien dan tren con dubng
lanh dao. Nhung de vupt ra khoi vai trb quan ly va tien den
vai trb lanh dao, ban can mo mang t u duy va bat dau suy
nghi nhu mpt lanh dao. Con neu ban da lanh dao tot, hay
tham khao nhung dieu sau de can nhac viec can hoan thien
them ky nang nao.

164

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

1. Suy nghi dai han
Nhieu ngudi trong to chuc khong nhin ve phia trudc. Hp
tuyen bo: "Phong tbi cb mpt ke hoach ngan han va mot ke
hoach dai han. Ke hoach ngan han cua chung tbi la song sot
du de hen hanh ke hoach dai han." Nhung nha lanh dao
360 tap trung vao nhieu viec hon la chi vdi nhung nhiem vu
trudc mat va thay nhieu hon la chi trong choc lat. Hp nhin
ve phia trudc, du no la vai gid, vai ngay.
Do hoan canh bat bupc, cac quan ly thudng phai song
trong hien tai. Ho lam viec de giu cho mpi thu hoat dbng
subn se. Mot ai do rung chi ra rang cac quan ly la nhung
ngubi lam dung dan nhieu dieu, trong khi cac lanh dao la
nhung ngubi lam dieu dung dan. Nbi each khac, cac lanh
dao cb trach nhiem dam bao nhung dieu dung dan dupe
hoan thanh de to chuc phat trien trong tuong lai.
Dieu do doi hbi suy nghi dai han. Trong khi cac quan ly
gibi cb the giu cho day chuyen san xuat lam viec vdi chi phi
thap va hieu qua toi da, viec do se vb gia tri neu day chuyen
san xuat do san xuat hang loat dien thoai quay tay!
2. Nhin xa tr6ng r6ng
Da so mpi ngudi chi danh gia cac su kien trong cube dbi
theo muc dp anh hudng cua chung len cube song. Con cac
nha lanh dao thudng danh gia trong boi canh rpng hon. Hp
luon bat dau bang cau hbi: Viec nay se tac dong toi nhan vien ciia
tdi nhu the nao? Dong thai, hp cung xem xet muc dp anh

165

NHA LANH DAO 360"

huong cua viec do tdi nhung ngudi d tren va ben canh. Ho co
gang xem xet moi thu lien quan tbi toan bo to chuc va vuot ra
ngoai to chuc.
Cac lanh dao hieu qua biet cau tra ldi cho cac cau hbi sau:

Lam the nao de tbi an khbp vbi pham vi hoac phong

cua tbi?

Lam the nao de tat ca cac phong an khbp vbi to chuc?

To chuc cua chung ta an khdp vdi chb nao tren

thi trudng?

Thi trudng cua chung ta lien quan tdi cac nganh cong
nghiep va nen kinh te khac nhu the nao?

Va khi cdng nghiep trong nen

kinh te cua chung ta mang tinh
toan cau hon, nhieu lanh dao gidi
tham chi con suy nghi rdng hon!
Ban khong can trd thanh nha
kinh te toan cau de lanh dao hieu
qua t u vi tri cap trung cua to chuc.
Diem mau chdt la cac nha lanh dao
360" coi linh vuc cua ho la mot
phan cua quy trinh ldn hon va hieu

Da so moi nguoi chi

danh gid cac su kien
trong cuoc doi theo
muc do anh huong cua
chung len cuoc song.
Con cac lanh dao
thuong danh gid trong
boi canh rong hon.

lam the nao de nhung mau nhb cua

trb choi ghep hinh an khdp vdi nhau. Neu ban mong muon
trb thanh lanh dao gibi, hay md mang dau be va bat dau
nhin moi thu tu mot diem nhin rbng hon.

166

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

3. "Vupt bien"
Tu khi con nhb, moi nguoi da dupe hudng dan lam theo
cac nguyen tac: xep thang Jiang, lam bdi tap ve nha, gia tay xin
phat bieu y kien. Phan ldn cac nguyen tac la tot bdi vi chung
sap xep trat tu cupc song cua chung ta. Phan ldn cac quy
trinh chiu su kiem soat cua cac nguyen tac. Ban lam roi mot
vien gach tu cua sd tang hai, ban biet no se roi xudng dat.
Ban quen dat hang nha cung cap van phong pham va ban se
he't sach dap ghim. Thuc chat, cb the hieu don gian, quy
trinh la mbi quan he nguyen nhan va ket qua.
Nha quan ly thuong dua vao cac nguyen tac de dam bao
cac quy trinh ho giam sat di dung hudng. Tren thuc te, su t u
quan ly, ma tdi da de cap trong Nguyen tac #1 cua phan nay,
ve co ban la can ky luat de hoan thanh nhung nguyen tac
ban tu dat ra. Nhung de vupt ra khoi vai trb quan ly, ban
phai vupt ra nhung dinh kien cb san.
Cac lanh dao khao khat tim ra each tot hon. Hp muon tao
ra su tien bp. Hp thich nhin thay su phat trien, hay ndi each
khac la tao ra thay doi, loai bb nhung nguyen tac cu, phat
trien nhung phuong thuc mdi. Cac lanh dao lien tuc hdi: " V i
sao chung ta lam theo each nay?" va ndi "Hay thu each
nay." Cac lanh dao mudh tbi mien dat mbi, va dieu do cb
nghia la "vupt bien".

167

NHALANH DAO 360

4. Coi t r p n g nhung t h u vd hinh
Nhung thu co the quan ly luon co the so n l n va do luong
duoc. Chung dua ra bang chung cu the. Ban cb the danh gia
chung mot each logic trubc khi quyet dinh.
Vai trb lanh dao that su la cube choi cua nhung yeu tb'vo
hinh. Con cai gi truu tuong hon tam anh hubng? Cac lanh
dao giai quyet nhung viec nhu tinh than, dbng luc thuc day,
su tao da, cac cam xuc, thai do, bau khong khi va chpn thai
diem. Ban lam sao tinh toan dupe thai diem trubc khi ban
lam viec gi do? Lam sao ban so tay vao thai dp? Tat ca deu la
true giac. De phan doan, ban phai tim hieu nhung an y sau
xa. Cac lanh dao khong nhung phai cb tam ly thoai mai ma
con tu tin khi xu ly nhung cong viec nhu vay.
Cac lanh dao rat nhieu lan phai duong dau vbi nhung
van de khong that su. V i du, mpt van phong chi vupt qua
ngan sach vao cuoi quy. Khb khan cua hp khong phai la van
de tien bac. Tham hut ngan sach chi la dau hieu cua van de.
Van de that su cb the la tinh than cua dpi ngu ban hang, thai
diem tung ra san pham hay thai dp cua lanh dao phong.
Nha lanh dao can hpc each tap trung vao nhung dieu do.
Tbi rat tam dac vbi each Tuong Tommy Franks tu khep
minh vao ky luat de kiem soat nhung thu vo hinh va san sang
don dpi chung. Tu khi bat dau su nghiep, mbi ngay, bng deu
tie'p can cong viec bang each nhin ve ca ngay dai phia trubc.
Mbi bubi sang, bng dat mpt to gia'y nhb canh lich lam viec,
viet len do ngay thang va dbng chu sau: "Nhung thu thach

168

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Ion nhat toi phai doi pho horn nay." Ben duoi ong viet nam
van de quan trong nha't phai doi mat trong ngay. Mat sau to
gia'y, ong viet "Cac co hoi co the xuat hien horn nay" va liet ke
nhung co hoi do.
Franks cho biet: "Mbi sang, tbi deu ghi lai nhung thach
thuc va co hbi cb the xay ra. Tuy da cb hon 5.000 to gia'y,
nhung tbi van hep tuc tuan thu nguyen tac nay. Ban than to
gia'y khong quan trong, chuan bi rinh than cho mbi ngay mbi
that su quan trong."
5. Dira vao trirc giac
Cac lanh dao lam viec vbi nhung thu vo hinh nhu the
nao? Hp dua vao true giac. Tbi rat thich cau nbi cua nha tam
ly hpc Joyce Brothers: "Hay tin vao linh cam cua ban. Chung

luon dua vao nhung su that dupe

cat phia duoi ngan y thuc." Ban
Hay tin vao linh cam
cang tap trung chu y vao nhung
cua ban. Chung ludn
thu vb hinh thay vi nhung thu huu
dua vao nhung su that
hinh,
vao cac nguyen tac thay vi
duoc cat phia duoi
thuc tien, se cang cb nhieu thong
ngan y thuc.
tin dupe luu vao ho so de su dung
-Joyce Brothers
trong tuong lai va mai sac true
giac cua ban. Chi dua vao true giac
co le la chua du, nhung ban khong bao gib dupe phot lb true
giac cua minh.
Giang vien kinh te dong thoi la nha tu van, chuyen gia ve
lanh dao Warren Bennis nbi: "Suy nghi ly tri bao gbm ca viec
169

NHA LANH DAO 360"

hoc each hn tuong dieu ma Emerson goi la 'su thoi thuc thieng
lieng', linh cam va tam nhin cho ban thay hong giay lat dieu
dung dan tuyet doi. Tat ca moi ngubi deu cb tam nhin nay,
nhung ngubi lam lanh dao se hpc each hn tuong chung."
6. Trao quyen cho nguoi khac
Quan ly thuong lien quan den kiem soat. Cac nha quan ly
phai kiem soat chi phi, chat luong va nang suat. Do la ly do
mpt so quan ly gibi gap khb khan khi chuyen sang cuong vi
lanh dao. Lanh dao khong nham den su kiem soat, ma la su
giai phong.
Cac lanh dao tai ba biet cho di quyen luc. Hp kiem tim
ngubi gibi va dau tu vao nhung ngubi nay cho tbi khi hp co
the giai phong va trao quyen luc de thuc thi cong viec. Quy
trinh do khong subn se. No thuong lbn xpn va rat khb kiem
soat. Lanh dao cang gioi, hp cang vui khi thay cac thanh vien
trong nhom tim ra nhung phuong thuc mbi de hoan thanh
cong viec.
7. Cac lanh dao tao ra suthay ddi
Nha tam ly hpc kiem tac gia Charles Garfield tung nbi:

Nhung ca nhan kiit xuat... khong coi thanh tieu Id co dinh, hay Id mo
noi an nan an toan, trong do ho co the dung lai, coi minh nhu da hoan
thien. Tdi tung nghe nhieu nguoi noi tie'ng noi tdi su chain diet ede thie
thach, hung phan, to mo. Dieu do that man thuan! Mot trong nhieng da
diem toi cuon nha't la kha nang tien tdi tuong lai, duong dau vdi ede
thach thuc mdi, song vdi y thiec "can hoan thanh nhieu vice hon niea".
170

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Dieu tuong tu cung clung voi cac nha lanh dao. Ho khong
muon mpi thu 6 nguyen mpt cho. Ho khao khat su doi moi.
Hp yeu thich nhung thu thach. Hp muon trong thay su tien
bp ro ret - ho mub'n thuc day tien trinh cua mpi viec.
Vai trb lanh dao luon la mpt dich ngam di dbng. Neu ban
khao khat trb thanh lanh dao gibi, hay thay doi. Neu ban
mub'n lanh dao cap tren, hay hpc each nghi nhu mpt lanh
dao, nghi tbi moi ngubi, nghi tbi su tien bp va nghi tbi
nhung thu vo hinh.

171

D A U
M O I

Q U A N

T l / V A O
H E H 0 U

H A O

ghe thuat lanh dao hoan toan dua tren nhung moi

quan he. Moi nguoi se khong i ciing ban neu khong

the hoa hoy vbi ban. Dieu do luon dung du ban lanh dao cap
tren, dbng cap hay cap duoi. Chia khoa de phat trien moi
quan he huu hao vbi lanh dao la phat trien moi quan he voi
ho- Neu ban cb the hoc each thich nghi vbi tinh each ciia
lanh dao trong khi van la chinh minh va gin giu tinh ngay
thang, ban cb the lanh dao cap tren.
Tbi thuong khang dinh, cong
viec cua lanh dao la ket nbi nhung
ngubi ma ho lanh dao. Trong mot
the gibi ly tuong, do la each lam
dung dan. Nhung thuc te lai khac,

172

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

mpt so lanh dao khong no luc ket noi nhung nguoi minh
lanh dao. La nha lanh dao 360, ban phai tu minh dam
nhiem viec nay de ket noi khong chi vbi nhung ngubi ban
lanh dao, ma con vbi nhung ngubi lanh dao ban. Neu ban
muon lanh dao cap tren, ban phai nhan trach nhiem ket
noi. Sau day la each tien hanh:
1. Ling nghe nh|p tim cua lanh dao
Giong nhu bac s! nghe nhip tim cua benh nhan de biet
tinh trang benh ly, ban can lang nghe nhip tim cua lanh dao
de hieu dieu gi se lam trai tim hp rung dbng. De thpc hien
viec nay, ban cb the chu y vao bieu hien cua hp trong tinh
hubng dbi thuong, nhu nhung cube nbi chuyen ngoai hanh
lang, trong bua trua hay trubc va sau bubi hop. Neu ban biet
rb lanh dao cua minh va cam thay mbi quan he ben chat, cb
the ban muon ket nbi true tie'p va hbi ho nhung dieu that su
quan trpng lien quan tbi muc dp tinh cam cua hp.
Neu ban khong chac can kiem tim dieu gi, hay thu tra lbi
nhung cau hbi sau:
Dieu gi khien hp cuoi? - nhung dieu khien mpt ngubi
vui subng;
Dieu gi khien hp khbe? - nhung dieu lam trai tim mpt
ngubi xuc dbng sau sac;

Dieu gi khien hp hat vang? - nhung dieu khien hp he't

sue hai long.

Tat ca mpi ngubi deu cb nhung gia'c mo, nhung van de

hay nhung ly do ket nbi hp lai vbi nhau. Chung giong nhu
173

NHA LANH DAO 360

nhung chiec chia khoa mo ra cuoc song cho hp. Hay nghi
den dieu nay theo quan diem cua ban trong giay lat. Ban co
y thuc dupe nhung dieu khien ban xuc dbng khong? Chung
"ket nbi" ban qua nhung dau hieu nao? Ban cb thay nhung
dau hieu do b lanh dao cua ban? Tim kiem chung, va ban se
de dang tim ra chung.
Nhieu lanh dao rat than trpng khi de nhung ngubi lam
viec cho minh thay duoc chiec chia khoa mb cua trai tim ho
vi hp nghi viec do cb the khien hp bi nguy hiem. Vi vay,
dung tie'p can van de hbi hot va cot nha. Lam nhu vay se
xam pham su tin nhiem. Va dung bao gib co "xoay chia"
mpt each ranh ma vi loi ich ca nhan.
2. Bigt nhung uu tien cua cSp tren
Nhip tim cua lanh dao la nhung viec hp thich lam. Lanh
dao thuong uu tien nhung viec hp phai lam (nhung viec nay
khong chi bb hep trong danh sach nhung viec can lam). Tat
ca cac lanh dao deu cb nhiem vu phai hoan thanh neu khong
khong mub'n bi coi la khong lam trbn chuc trach. Do la mpt
danh sach ngan gpn cb quan he song con tbi vai trb cua ho.
Ban hay dat muc tieu tim hieu nhung uu tien do. Cang quen
vbi nhung nhiem vu hay muc tieu do, ban cang hieu rb hon
va giao tie'p tot hon vbi cap tren.
3. Hllu dupe dieu lam lanh dao hung thu
That de chiu khi lam viec vbi mpt ngubi ma ban cb the
chia se su phan khich. Khi ban va mot ngubi ban phan khich
ve dieu gi do, nhu mpt so thich chung, cac ban thuong quen
174

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

gid gia'c khi cung tham gia sd thich chung do. Cac ban cb the
say sua nbi ve no hang tie'ng dong ho ma khong biet chan.
Neu ban biet duoc dieu khien cap tren hung thu, ban se tao ra
anh hubng manh me tuong tu. Ban va lanh dao se cb su g i n
ket. Neu ban cung cb nhung cam xuc do, ban se truyen sang
cap tren vi ban khong the kiem che dupe cam xuc cua minh.
4. Ung hO tim nhin cua lanh dao
Khi lanh dao cap cao nghe nhung ngubi khac trinh bay
tam nhin cua minh, ho thay sung subng va man nguyen.
Theo ngbn ngu cua tac gia Malcolm Gladwell , do la mpt
kieu diem bung phat. No bieu thi muc dp lam chu cua mpi
10

ngudi trong to chuc. Dieu do bao trubc cho su hoan thien

tam nhin.
Cac lanh dao cap trung cua to chuc, nhung ngudi thuc
hien tam nhin, duoc cac lanh dao cap cao danh gia cao hon.
Hp hieu rb tam nhin. Hp nhan trach nhiem. Va hp cd gia tri
to ldn. Mbi lan mot ngudi trong to chuc don nhan tam nhin
va chuyen tie'p cho ngudi khac la mpt lan tam nhin dupe mb
rbng them cho chien lupc. Nbi each khac, khi tam nhin dupe
trao tay, ngudi ke tie'p cd kha nang thuc hien tie'p.

Malcolm Gladwell la tac gia cua hai cuon sach noi tie'ng The Tipping
Point (Diem bung phat) va Blink: The Power of Thinking without Thinking
(Trong chop mat), da duoc Alpha Books xuat ban.
10

175

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Moi lan mpt nguoi

trong to chiic don nhan
tam nhin va chuyen
tie'p cho nguoi khac la
mot ldn tam nhin duoc
md rong them cho
chien lupc.

Ban dung bao gib danh gia thap

sue manh cua su ung ho bang loi
cua mot ngubi cb anh hubng. Sue
manh cung loai cb the nhan ra
trong the gibi kinh doanh. Vi du,
tbi nhan thay vbi hau he't cac
quyen sach, so luong tieu thu trong
suot sau thang
marketing, phan

dau la nhb
phb'i va cac

chuong trinh quang ba. Sau sau

thang, so luong tieu thu hau nhu la ket qua cua marketing
truyen mieng. Neu moi ngubi thich quyen sach, hp se noi
chuyen ve no vbi ngubi khac. Ve ban chat, ho chuyen giao
tam nhin cua tac gia va chung nhan gia tri cua cub'n sach.
La mpt lanh dao cap trung, neu ban khong chac chan ve
chien lupc cua lanh dao, hay nbi chuyen vbi lanh dao. Hay
dat ra cac cau hbi. Khi ban da hieu, trich dan lai cho lanh
dao trong cac tinh hubng phu hpp de chac chan rang ban da
thang hang vbi tam nhin. Neu ban hieu dung, ban cb the
quan sat dupe dieu do tren net mat lanh dao. Sau do, bat
dau chuyen giao tam nhin cho nhung ngubi trong pham vi
anh hubng cua ban. Dieu do cb loi cho to chuc, cho nhan
vien, lanh dao va ban. Pho bie'n nhung gia'c mo ciia lanh
dao, va lanh dao se cat nhac ban.

176

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

5. Ket noi nhQng su quan tSm cua lanh dao
Chia khoa thiet lap moi giao hao la hieu biet va lien ket
nhung moi quan tam cua cap tren. Ban cb biet d u an "con
cung" ma lanh dao cua ban that su quan tam b co quan? Neu
ban biet, se rat tot. The con nhung
mbi quan tam ngoai cong viec cua
lanh dao? Ban cb the ke ra khong?
1- u I -L ->
Dieu quan trong la hieu biet ve
cap tren
tao raviec.
moi lien
che
ngoaide cong
Neuket
sepchat
la
mot golf thu, ban cb the hoc choi

PM' bien nhieng giac mo

cua lanh dao, vdldnh
/ ,
dao se cat nhac ban.

golf, hay it nhat tim hieu it nhieu ve no. Neu bng ta suu tap
sach hiem hay do su, hay danh chut thai gian len mang tim
hieu ve nhung thu choi nay. Neu bng ta thich trang tri nbi
that, hay dat mua tap chi nbi that. Ban khong can phai hoc
nhung so thich nay hay trb thanh chuyen gia ve chung. Chi
can du de hieu sep va nbi chuyen thong minh ve chu de do.
Cac lanh dao doi khi cam thay cb dbc va tu hbi: Co ai hieu
minh khdng? Mac du cb le ban khong hieu he't tinh hinh cong
viec cua lanh dao, nhung it ra ban cung cb the hieu ho b mpt
muc dp nha't dinh. Khi cac lanh dao cb dbc trai qua mbi
tuong giao chan thanh vbi mpt ngubi "duoi", hp thuong
cam thay man nguyen. Va neu ban cam thay cb doc b vi tri
cap trung, mbi quan he do cung se khien ban man nguyen.

177

NHA LANH DAO 360

6. Hieu duoc t i n h each cua lanh dao
Hai nhan vien van phong noi chuyen ve giam doc cong
ty. Mot ngudi noi: "Anh biet day, chung ta khong the khong
thich bng ta." Ngudi kia tra loi: "LT dung, neu anh khong
thich, bng ta se sa thai anh."
Cac lanh dao quen vdi viec bat nguoi khac dieu chinh
tinh each cua ho. Khi ban lanh dao cap duoi tu vi tri giua
cua to chuc, ban cb ddi hdi ngudi khac thich ung vdi tinh
each cua ban khong? (Tbi khong nbi den doi hbi mot each vo
ly hay khb chiu). Hay ban se sa thai ai do khdng thich ban,
giong nhu trong mau chuyen cudi? Neu ban don gian la
chinh minh, ban ky vong nhung ngudi lam viec cho ban se
lam viec vdi ban. Nhung khi ban cd gang lanh dao cap tren,
ban la ngudi phai thich bng vdi tinh each cua cap tren. Hiem
cb lanh dao v i dai nao thich ung vdi nhung ngudi lam viec
cho ho.
A m hieu phong each cua lanh dao va dieu chinh tinh each
cua ban phu hop theo tinh each cua lanh dao la mot viec
khbn ngoan. Neu ban nghien cuu mpt so tai lieu danh rieng
cho tie't 16 tinh each, v i du nhu DISC, Myers-Briggs va
Littuaer's Personality Plus, ban se cb cai nhin sau sac hon ve
each suy nghi va hanh ddng cua cap tren. Thong thudng,
tinh each ddi lap van hoa hpp vdi nhau mien la cac nguyen
tac va muc tieu cua lanh dao va cap dudi giohg nhau. Nong
nay lam viec tot voi diem dam; lac quan va u sau danh gia
cao uu diem cua nhau. Rac roi cd the xay ra khi nhung
ngudi cd cung kieu tinh each di vdi nhau. Neu ban thay tinh
178

CAC NGUYEN TAc LANH DAO CA'P TREN

tinh ciia minh giong sep, hay nhb rang ban phai mem deo.
Do cb the la mpt thach tribe lbn neu ban khong phai la ngubi
cb tinh each mem deo!
7. C6 duoc su tin nhlm cua lanh dao
Khi ban danh thoi gian dau tu vao mbi giao hao vbi lanh
dao, ket qua tat yeu se la su tin nhiem - nbi each khac, tien
te moi quan he (relational currency). Toi da day ve khai
niem mbi quan he "tien le trong tui ban" ("change in your
pocket") trong nhieu nam. Khi ban lam nhung viec tang
them cho mbi quan he, ban tang them so tien le trong tui.
Khi ban lam nhung viec deu cue, ban tieu mat so tien le do.
Neu ban cu pham sai lam mai - cong viec hay ca nhan - ban
lam phucmg hai tbi mbi quan he, rot cube ban cb the tieu he't
sach tat ca so tien le va pha san mbi quan he.
Nhung ngubi dau t u lau nam cho mbi giao hao da tich
luy dupe rat nhieu tien le. Vi vay, moi quan he cb the vupt
qua dupe nhieu khb khan hay sai lam. Vi du, Doug Carter,
Pho Chu tich cua EQUIP, lien tuc hubng tbi vao nhung nha
tai tro hem nang cho to chuc. Doug va tbi cb rat nhieu mbi
giao hao. Tbi da biet bng t u lau, chung toi lam viec cung
nhau rat nhieu nam, va bng chac chan la ngoi sao sang nha't
trong cong viec cua minh. Doi luc Dough pham sai lam khi
danh gia con ngubi va de nghi tbi danh nhieu thoi gian cho
mpt ngubi nhung rot cue ngubi do lai tho o vbi EQUIP. Viec
do khong lam ton hai tbi moi quan he cua chung toi; Doug
cb mpt luong quan he tien te khong 16 "trong ngan hang"
vbi toi.
179

NHA LANH DAO 360'

Andy Stanley, mot lanh dao 360
xuat sac, noi: "Su trung thanh cong
khai dem lai anh huong rieng tu."
Neu ban co duoc su tin nhiem cua
cap tren bang each ung hp ngubi
do cong khai, ban se kiem dupe
nhung mon tien le mpt each rieng
tu. Va ban se cb nhung co hbi de
lanh dao cap tren.

"Su trung thanh cdng

khai dem lai anh
hu&ng rieng tu."
- Andy Stanley

8. Hpc each chung s6ng vol nhupc dlm cua

lanh dao
Theo chuyen gia ban hang kiem tac gia Les Giblin: "Ban
khong the bat ngubi khac cam thay su cb mat cua ban la
quan trpng neu ban cam thay anh ta chang la gi." Cung nhu
vay, ban khong the xay dung mbi quan he tich cue vbi sep,
neu ban coi thuong nhung nhuoc diem cua ho- A i cung co
nhung han che'va yeu kem, tai sao chung ta khong hpc each
chung song vbi chung? Hay cb' gang tap trung vao nhung
diem tich cue va tranh xa nhung mat tieu cue. Neu di ngupc
lai nguyen tac nay, se chi cb hai cho ban ma thoi.
9. T6n trpng gia dinh cua lanh dao
Tbi rat mien curing khi nhac den khai niem gia dinh trong
boi canh lanh dao cap tren, nhung tbi nghi no dang dupe de
cap. Neu ban lam tat ca nhung dieu tbi vua khuyen, nhung
nguoi than cua sep khong thich hoac tin tuong ban, moi
180

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

quan he giua hai ngudi se luon gupng ep. Va tat nhien, ban
rat khb kiem soat van de nay. Viec tot nha't ban cb the lam la
an can va ton trong cac thanh vien trong gia dinh sep, cb
gang giao tie'p vdi hp theo each phu hpp. Neu thay mpt
thanh vien quan trpng trong gia dinh sep khong ua ban,
ngay ca khi do khong phai lbi cua ban, anh hubng cua ban
se bi giam sut va tham chi, can tro su nghiep cua ban.
Luan diem trong Winning with People la mpi ngubi cb the
du doan trubc thanh cong va that bai cua minh tu nhung
mbi quan he trong cube song. Dieu nay cung dung voi nghe
thuat lanh dao. Chat luong cua mbi quan he giua ban voi
lanh dao se anh hubng den thanh cong va that bai cua ban.
Vi vay, mb'i quan he nay rat dang de ban dau tu.

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MGUTEM TAC

C H U A N
M O I

B I S A N

L A N G A P

#6

S A N G

L A N H

D A O

hi viet chuong nay, tren ban tbi la so bao mbi nhat ciia

tap chi Times vbi mot bai bao ve Bill Gates va he thong
trb choi dien h i Xbox 360 do Microsoft phat trien. Tbi khong
phai la mot game thu, vi vay trb choi dien h i khong thu hut
su quan tam cua tbi. Nhung nhung cau mo dau bai bao
khien tbi chu y, bbi vi chung neu bat tam quan trong ciia
thoi gian.
Thai gian ciia Gates rat quy gid. Co nhieu nhan vien Microsoft da
cha doi cd ddi de co the ngoi mot minh vdi Gates trong 45 phut.
Moi lanh dao deu quy trong thoi gian. Tac gia William

Hazlitt viet: "Khi tien xa hon trong nac thang su nghiep,

chung ta cb cam nhan tinh te hon ve gia tri cua thoi gian.
182

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Tren thuc te, do la thu quan trong nha't va chung ta trd
thanh nhung ke ha tien d phuong dien nay." Nhung dieu
khien thoi gian cua Gates, mot ngudi con kha tre, quy gia la
vi ong la mot lanh dao su dung thoi gian de lam nhung viec
co the thay ddi cuoc song cua hang nghin ngudi.
Vdi tat ca cac lanh dao, thoi gian rat quy gia. Thdi gian la
mot mat hang khdng the tang them, du ngudi lanh dao co
lam gi di nua. Thoi gian la yeu to can thiet de nha lanh dao
lam bat cu viec gi. Vi ly do do, ban phai luon chuan bi san
sang de khong lam mat thoi gian cua lanh dao. Mac du ban
cb the ru do su dung thoi gian cua nhan vien va dbng
nghiep, nhung khi lam viec vbi cap tren, luong thoi gian ban
cb the su dung la han che. Neu ban khao khat lanh dao cap
tren, ban can hanh dbng sao cho phu hop.
Hy vpng la ban se khong phai dpi ca doi de cd vai phut
lam viec vbi cap tren cua minh, nhu mpt so nhan vien cua
Microsoft. Nhung du ban cd nhieu co hbi tiep xuc vdi cap
tren hay chi cb vai phut trong nhung dip hiem hoi, ban van
can lam theo nhung nguyen tac sau.
1. Oeiu tu 10 x
Hay chung to gia tri cua minh khi chung to ban tran
trpng thoi gian cua cap tren. Cach hay nha't la danh khoang
10 phut chuan bi cho mbi phut ban gap. Tac gia chuyen viet
ve quan ly Charles C. Gibbons khang dinh dieu nay khi dua
ra lbi khuyen: "Mpt trong nhung each tie't kiem thoi gian
hieu qua nha't la suy nghi va len ke hoach trudc. Nam phut
183

NHA LANH DAO 360

suy nghi co the tie't kiem duoc mpt
tie'ng dong ho lam viec."
Trong cuon Today Matters, toi co
noi den bua trua cua tbi va John
Wooden, cuu hua'n luyen vien
huyen thoai cua dpi bong rb UCLA
Bruins. Trubc bubi hen, tbi da danh
hang tie'ng dbng ho de chuan bi.
De tbi nbi them ve viec chuan bi

"Mot trong nhieng each

tie't kiem thai gian
hieu qua nha't la suy
nghiva len ke hoach
truoc. Nam phut suy
nghi co the tie't kiem
dupe mpt tie'ng dong
ho lam viec."
- Charles C. Gibbons

trubc khi gap lanh dao. Phan lbn

cac lanh dao cap cao la nhung
ngubi ra quyet dinh gibi (Neu khong dung vay, hp hiem khi
cb co hbi de lanh dao t u vi tri dung dau to chuc). Tuy nhien,
rat nhieu lan, ho khong the ra quyet dinh, vi khong cb du
thong tin. Dieu nay dung vbi tbi. Neu tro ly khong nhan
duoc cau tra lbi nhanh cua tbi ve mot van de, thi do la vi co
ay da khong chuan bi trubc khi hbi tbi. Viec do khong xay ra
thuong xuyen. Linda la mpt tro ly xuat sac, cb ay gan nhu
luon tu minh chuan bi cac d u lieu lam co so cho cau hbi. Co
ay chac chan da dau tu 10 lan, danh ra 10 phut chuan bi cho
mbi phut thoi gian cua tbi.
Su gan ket mbi quan he giua ban va cap tren cang long
leo, ban cang phai danh nhieu thbi gian chuan bi trubc.
Lanh dao cang it biet ve ban, ban cang cb it thbi diem thuan
tien de chung to ban than. Nhung neu ban chuan bi ky, ban
se cb them nhieu co hbi khac. Thu tuong Anh Benjamin

184

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Disraeli hing noi: "Bi mat ciia thanh cong la mot ngudi
chuan bi san sang cho co hbi khi no den."
2. Dung 64 sep nghi hp ban
Khong phai vi cap tren nao cung khb tie'p xuc. Tren
cuong vi mot lanh dao, ban su dung chinh sach mb cua de
cac nhan vien duoi quyen de dang tbi gap ban khi can giup
do. Nhung ban da bao gib gap mot nhan vien nao tung hbi
lien tuc ma chua bao gib danh thbi gian suy nghi chua? Khi
do, ban se rat ngan ngam dung khong?
Trong mot lan tham gia chuong trinh hbi dap, Jack
Welch" nbi ve tam quan trong khi ai do trb thanh mot ngubi
suy nghi gioi. Ong cho r i n g do la mot trong nhung yeu to
phan biet mpt ngubi vbi nhung ngubi con lai cung trinh dp.
Cac lanh dao cap trung chi nen hbi sep khi khong the t u
tra lbi duoc nhung cau hbi do. Day la suy nghi cua cac lanh
dao dung dau khi hp nhan dupe cau hbi tu cac lanh dao
cap trung:
Neu ho dat ra nhung cau hbi vi hp khong the nghi, thi
chung ta dang gap phieh ha;

Neu hp dat ra nhung cau hbi vi hp lubi, thi hp dang

gap phien ha;

Jack Welch la cuu Chu tich kiem Tong Giam doc (CEO) Tap d
General Electric (GE).
11

185

NHA LANH DAO 360

Neu ho dat ra nhung cau hoi de mpi ngudi co the tien

nhanh hon, thi chung ta dang huong toi thanh cong.

Nhung cau hoi xau co tac dong tieu cue, con nhung cau
hoi hay that su co ich: Chung lam ro cac muc tieu, day
nhanh qua trinh hoan thanh cong viec va kich thich tu duy
dung dan. Tat ca nhung dieu nay se co lpi cho to chuc va
giup ban nbi bat trubc cap tren.
3. "Mang tnti gi d6 toi ban sep"
Tbi su dung lbi dien dat "mang thu gi do tbi ban" de mo
ta kha nang tham gia vao cube dam luan hay gia tang gia tri
cho ngubi khac trong bubi hpp. Khong phai ai cung lam vay.
Trong cube song, mpt so ngubi luon mub'n la "khach". Di
den dau, hp cung mub'n dupe phuc vu, nhu cau cua hp duoc
dap ung, hp la ngubi nhan. Vbi thai dp do, hp khong bao gio
mang bat cu thu gi tbi ban cho ngubi khac. Sau mpt thbi
gian, hp cb the khien ngubi luon dbng vai chu nha that su
thay met mbi.
Nhung ai mong mub'n trb thanh nha lanh dao 360 khong
lam theo each do. Hp cb each t u duy hoan toan khac. Hp lien
tuc mang thu gi do tbi ban lanh dao, dbng nghiep va nhan
vien du do la tai lieu, y tuong hay nhung co hbi. Hp cong
nhan su khbn ngoan trong cau tuc ngu: "Mpt mbn qua mb
lbi cho ngubi tang va dan anh ta tbi noi cb nhung con ngubi
vT dai."
La lanh dao cua mpt to chuc, tbi luon tim kiem nhung
ngubi mang y tubng tbi ban minh. Neu hp cb the sang tao
186

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

va clua ra y tudng, dieu do that tuyet vdi. Tdi cung danh gia
rat cao nhung ngudi co tinh than xay dung, tie'p nhan y
tudng va phat trien no. Thudng thi su khac biet giua mot y
tudng hay va mot y tudng v i dai la gia tri gia tang trong suot
qua trinh tu duy cdng tac.
Cb mpt so nha lanh dao lai khong kheo leo khi dua ra tin
hieu de ngudi khac biet hp khong lam tang them gia tri nhu
ky vpng. Vai nam trubc, tbi tbi tham lau dai Hearst cua bng
trum truyen thong William Randolph Hearst d San Simeon,
California. Hearst nbi tie'ng vi trang vien cua bng thuong
xuyen dupe cac vi khach ndi tie'ng ghe tham. Nhung khi
khong hai long vdi mpt vi khach, bng se de anh ta biet da
den luc anh ta phai ra di. Nhung vi khach bi yeu cau rbi di
se tim thay mot buc thu ngan trong phong ngu ndi rang cb
dupe hp lam khach vieng tham that thu v i .
Neu ban luon cb' gang mang mpt thu gi do cb gia tri tbi
ban khi di gap sep, ban se cb the tranh khoi so phan giong
nhu vay d co quan. Neu ban khdng mang gi, cuoi ngay, ban
cb the nhan dupe mpt buc thu ngan cua sep. Chi cd dieu la
thu do la quyet dinh thoi viec.
4. Khi duoc yeu ciu ndi, dung ung khcSu
Tbi nguong md nhung ngudi cb the ung bien va xu ly
tinh the khb khan, nhung tbi khdng may ton trong nhung
ngudi khdng chuan bi. Tbi thay rang, khi mpt ngubi ung
khau lan dau, mpi ngubi thudng khdng biet, nhung den
buoi hpp thu ba hay thu tu, khi ngudi do ndi ma khdng suy
187

NHA LANH DAO 360

,!

nghi, moi nguoi deu biet. Tai sao moi ngubi lai biet? Boi vi
tat ca nhung lan bat dau nbi deu giong nhau. Nhung ngubi
khong cb chuyen mon sau su dung moi thu ho biet khi ung
khau. Va hp lap di, lap lai nhung chieu nay trong nhung lan
gap sau.
Cpu vo dich quyen anh the gibi Joe Frazier nhan xet:
"Ban co the vach ra ke hoach tac chie'n hay ke hoach song.
Nhung khi bat dau tran chie'n, ban chi con phan xa. Do la luc
bat dau hanh trinh ren luyen the luc. Neu ban ren luyen gian
lan trong luc nha nhem cua rang sang, ban se bi phat hien
dubi anh sang mat trai." Trong cong viec cung tuong tu,
neu ban khong danh thbi gian cho cong viec, ban se luon
luon bi phat hien.
5. Biet noi ngon ngu cua sp
Khi Charlie Wetzel bat dau lam thu ky cho tbi nam 1994.
Tbi danh kha nhieu thbi gian lam viec vbi Charlie de giiip
anh hieu dupe each nghi va each nbi cua tbi. Charlie da co
bang cao hpc ngoai ngu va la mpt thu ky gibi, nhung anh
van chua that su hieu dupe tbi. Trubc he't, tbi dua cho anh
nhung doan bang ghi am 100 bai giang ve lanh dao de anh
quen dan vbi lbi truyen dat cua tbi.
Tie'p theo, tbi dua anh ay tbi nhung noi tbi thuyet trinh.
Sau mbi bubi thuyet trinh, khi chung tbi tren may bay hay
an tbi, tbi se yeu cau Charlie chi ra dau la phan cao trao, gan
ket dupe vbi khan gia. Chung tbi nbi chuyen ve bai thuyet
trinh. Doi khi, tbi cung chuyen cho anh rat nhieu trich dan
ICC

iuo

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

va minh hoa, roi yeu cau anh danh dau nhung doan la hay.
Sau do, chung toi se so sanh cac ghi chep.
Tat ca nhung viec tren la de giup Charlie hoc duoc ngbn
ngu cua toi. Dieu do rat quan trong neu anh ay soan bai
thuyet trinh cho tbi, song dieu do cung quan trong vbi bat
cu nhan vien nao, va dac biet quan trong vbi cac nha lanh
dao 360. Hoc ngbn ngu cua sep se giup hp khong chi giao
tie'p hieu qua vbi cap tren, ma con thay mat sep giao tie'p vbi
ngubi khac. Muc tieu nbi dupe ngbn ngu cua cap tren khong
phai la tro thanh mpt ke ba phai, ma la de ket nbi.
6. Nlm dirge dllm mau chdt
Dai thi hao Victor Hugo nbi: "Cube song da ngan ngui, va
chung ta con lam no ngan hon khi vb tinh phi pham thbi
gian." Tbi chua rung gap mpt lanh dao gibi nao khong muon
nam that nhanh diem mau chbt. Vi sao? Boi vi hp mub'n cb
ket qua. Khau hieu cua hp la: "Dung nbi nhieu ve ca de, hay
cho tbi xem dua be."
Lan dau lam viec vbi mpt lanh dao, ban cb the can danh
thbi gian giai thich qua trinh ban di tbi quyet dinh. Ngay khi
bat dau mbi quan he, ban phai gianh dupe su tin nhiem.
Nhung khi mbi quan he dupe xay dung theo thbi gian, hay
di ngay vao van de chinh. Cb tat ca du lieu can thiet de giai
thich viec minh lam khong cb nghia la ban can chia se
chung. Neu cap tren cua ban muon biet chi tie't hon hay
mub'n biet phuong phap ban da su dung, hp se yeu cau ban
trinh bay.
189

NHA LANH DAO 360

7. Slnh lai tren vdn d l u t i r c u a lanh dao
Khi ban lien tuc chuan bi san sang trubc mbi lan gap, cap
tren se coi thbi gian hp danh cho ban la mpt su dau tu. Va
khong cb gi khien lanh dao hai long hon la dau t u vao nguoi
khac va thay loi nhuan kha quan tren thu hp cho di.
Mpt lanh dao cap trung rung nbi vbi tbi, mbi nam anh liet
ke mpt danh sach nhung dieu cap tren da hubng dan va gui
cho bng ta. Anh giai thich: "Ban danh sach la tai lieu chung
minh su cam kich cua tbi va de cap tren biet y kie'n dbng gop
cua bng ay rat quy gia va giup tbi tien bp rat nhieu. Tbi da
hpc dupe rang khi tbi cho mpi ngubi thay su tien bp va kie'n
thuc cua minh, mpi ngubi san sang dau t u nhieu hon vao su
trubng thanh va kie'n thuc cua tbi."
Tbi da su dung kinh nghiem lanh dao hon 30 nam ciia
minh cb' van cho rat nhieu ngubi. Trong so do, tbi rat thich
nbi chuyen vbi Courtney McBath, muc su cua mpt nha thb b
Norfolk, Virginia. Mbi gap nhau, anh thuong nbi:
"Day la dieu bng da nbi lan trubc khi chung ta gap nhau..."
"Day la dieu tbi hpc dupe..."
"Day la viec tbi da lam..."
"Tbi lam the cb dung khong?"
"Tbi cb the hbi bng them may cau nua khong?"
Mpt lanh dao luon thich nhung cau hbi do!
Gan day, tbi nhan dupe email cua Courtney:

190

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Maxwell tlidn men,
Ong thudng noi rang niem vui ldn nhat ciia mot lanh dqolgido vien Id
trong thay hoc trd dp dung nhung dieu duoc hoc. Tdi qua, tdi da cd vmh
du thuyet trinh trong mot giao dubng lbn, chinh thd'ng cua ngubi Do
Thai nhan le Sabbath . Tbi la ngubi My goc Phi theo dao Thien Chua
12

dau tien 1dm vay va do la mot trai nghiem va thanh cdng tuyet vbi. Mot
ddi vo chong gid ngubi Do Tfidi da ndi vbi tbi rang hp hy vpng tbi cb the
tdi cdc truong hpc ciia ngubi Do TJidi va day nhung dira Ire Do Thai
each truyen dat, giao tiep!
Su chi bao ciia bng da day tbi rat nhieu dieu ve each meat qua bien gibi
van hoa, tin nguong va xd hdi, va truyen dat chan ly tbi tat cd moi
nguoi. Chua da dupe ca ngoi dem qua va dng da gbp cong rat lbn trong
thanh cbng nay. Cam on bng da lanh dao cung nhu trb thanh ngubi ban
cua tdi.
Tdi rat cam kich. Tdi khdng nhung da trb thanh mpt lanh dao gibi hon,
ma con trd thanh mpt con ngudi tot hon.
Xin cam on bng,
Courtney
Courtney khong chi luon chuan bi san sang mbi lan gap
tbi, ma con tiep nhan nhung lbi chi bao cua tbi va thuc hien
chung! That vui khi duoc tie'p xuc, chuyen trb cung anh. Boi
vi anh lam rat tot nen khi anh nbi, tbi cham chu lang nghe.

Mpt ngay le cua nguoi Do Thai duor to chuc vao ngay thu bay. Trong
dip nay, mpi ngucri nghi ngoi, quay quan va tho phung.
12

191

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Courtney da lanh dao cap tren, va trong moi quan he ciia
chung toi, chiing toi gia tang gia tri cho nhau. Do la dieu nha
lanh dao 360 that su huong toi.

192

M G L I T E M T A G #7

BIET T I E N , L U I D U N G

L U C

Do cd kho khi trai nang - the la khon ngoan;

Di cau trong ngay miia - the la ngu

ngoc.

hang 2/2005, toi toi Kiev, thu do Ukraine, de chu tri

mot hoi nghi chuyen de ve lanh dao, tham quan va

giang day tai nha tho Orthodox Ion nha't chau Au, va dai
dien cho EQUIP phat dong chuong trinh Million Leaders
Mandate a dat nude nay. Mot trong nhung ky niem dang
nhb nhat cua toi trong thoi gian luu lai do la chuyen di bo
xub'ng khu phb chinh each khach san tbi b vai tba nha de tbi
Quang truong Dbc lap, noi ba thang trubc do da dien ra
cube Cach mang Cam.

193

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Chung toi phai cuoc bo vi xe cb bi cam qua lai tren dai 16.
Chieu hbm do, hubng dan vien cua chung tbi, Tatiana, ke
cho chung tbi phan ung cua ngubi dan khi biet tin ve ket
qua gian lan cua cube bau cu. Viec nay da de dpa vi tri tong
thong cua ung cu vien dupe chinh phu ung hp Viktor
Yanukovych. Dan thubng bat dau tran xuong dubng, hp mo
nhung cube bieu tinh hoa binh b quang truong. Hp dung
nen mot "thanh pho leu" ngay tren dai 16, va khong chiu roi
di cho tbi khi nao chinh phu nhupng bp va to chuc lai mot
cuoc bau cu cong bang hon.
Cuoi dot tham quan, toi da nbi chuyen voi Steve Weber,
dieu phoi vien cua EQUIP tai Ukraine, ve nhung su kien xay
ra o Kiev. Nhung nam trubc, mot cuoc bieu tinh nhu vay
chac chan se bi dan ap, va dieu do co the xay ra trong truong
hop nav neu khong nhb hanh dong cua nguoi dan Ukraine.
Sau dav la tong ket cua Steve ve cac su kien:
Cdch mang Cam la mot khoang than gian kij dieu din muc kho tin trong

lich su ciia nguoi Ukraine. Quan chung nhan dan tap hap lai, khdng biet
hp se chain tran vai dieu gi a trung tam thanh pho... Dong luc thuc day
dupe xay len khi vo so ngudi khdng chi dung ngoiu quan sat ma con
tham gia vao cupc phan ddi. Cac to chiec sinh vien vung tin vao lap
truong ciia ho va hang tram ngudi quyi't dinh dung Uu cho tdi khi nao
chan ly dupe thua nhan. Bdi the' trong tii't trai gid lanh, trai tim chan
chinh ciia Ukraine van song...

Su tie leva thien chi bieu hien trong suot cupc cdch mang van con mdi la
va da so nguoi dan Ukraine chua tieng trai qua mot viec nhu vdy. Quan
chung nhan dan thi'hien su ung hp mot cdch thiet thuc vdi nhieng ngubi
194

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

phan doi la dieu chua tieng xay ra. Nubc, thuc an, do ub'ng nong, ung mua
ddng, do khodc va rat nhieu vat dung khac tran ngap trung tam thanh pho.
TJidi do nay gan nhu chua timg duoc biet tbi trong qua khu. "Dua cho
ngubi khac? Tqi sao phai dua? Tbi cung cb nhu can ciia minh", timg Id
each nghi dien hinh, nhung ngay horn do, tren qudng truong, mpt quoc gia
tot dep hon dd dupe hoi smh trong trai tun mpi ngubi. Ngay cd nhung
ngubi ting ho ung cie vien duoc chinh phii hau thuan ciing huong xubi y
dinh trubc dbng luc cdch mang. Klii tbi not, hp da tiep dbn bang su than
thien va liao phong ma ho khong he ngo tbi. Ukraine ciia ho cb the la day
sao? Cb the dupe song trong mot ddi nubc moi ngieoi deu dupe yen quy va
ton trpng nhau sao?... Mpi ngubi chi don gian la tin tuong, hy vpng va
khdt khao mpt dai nubc tot dep lion.
Ung cie vien do chinh phu hau thuan dupe che dp hien thbi iing hp manh
me, nhieng su de dpa ciia chinh phii da phan tac dung... Cd dat nubc bitng
tinh va tuyen bo: "The la qua did Chung tbi khong muon tiep tuc song
trong mpt dat nude nhu the nay", va tuyen bo cua hp da duoc lang nghe.
Y thirc ciia cd quoc gia bat dau sbi sue va mpi ngubi bb phieu de thay
doi... Tinh than Ukraine chan chinh duoc keo ra khoi vimg bun tham
nhung, tbi noi cb long tu trpng va tu do, va cd dat nubc ciing hubng tbi
tuong lai vbi niem hy vpng tdi smh.
Nguoi dan Ukraine - nhung nguoi von bi coi la b duoi
day xa hbi - da "lanh dao cap tren" va dua ca dat nubc di
cung hp. Hp da chpn thbi khac cb mpt khong hai trong lich
su de thuc hien dieu nay, do la thbi dai hp cb the tao sue ep
nhb su tien bp cua truyen thong hien dai. Steve nbi vbi tbi:
"Ban dau, cac dai truyen hinh qub'c gia khong dam thua
nhan dam dbng bieu tinh. Nhung ho khong the phot lb
195

NHA LANH DAO 360

duoc lau. Ho da khong ti'nh den
thoi dai moi ciia cong nghe va
truyen thong."

_
"Trong cuoc doi cua
mot qua le, chico
10 phut ly tuong nhat
de an no."

Nhung nguoi Ukraine gay anh

huong lan nhau, gay anh hudng len
chinh phu dang co gang kiem tba
- Ralph Waldo
Emeron
hp, len ca cac thu tuc chinh tri, va
tham chi ca lanh dao dang ddi lap,
Victor Yuschchenko. Sau khi cupc
tong tuyen cu lan hai ket thuc, trong bai phat bieu mung
chie'n thang, Yushchenko da cong nhan su lanh dao cua quan
chung va cui dau chao hp trong su kinh trong va biet on.

K H I N A O NEN TIEN
Quyet djnh thbi diem la quyet dinh rat quan trpng trong
lanh dao. Neu ngubi dan Ukraine khong nhan thay da den
luc phai yeu cau chinh phu to chiic to chiic tuyen cu trung
thuc, chac han, hp van dang song dudi quyen cai tri ciia mot
chinh phu tham nhung do Yanukovych lanh dao. Neu hp co
yeu cau nhung cube bau cu tu do khi dat nubc dang nam
dubi quyen kiem soat cua che dp cu each day 30 nam, co
nhieu kha nang, hp se bi dan ap. De thanh cdng, ban phai
biet khi nao nen thuc ep va khi nao nen dung lai.
Chpn dung thbi diem gay anh hudng len sep cung quan
trpng khdng kem. Nha tho Ralph Waldo Emerson noi:
"Trong cube dbi cua mpt qua le, chi cb 10 phut ly tuong nhat
196

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

cte an no." Ban can sang suot cho doi dung thoi diem de noi
ra y kien cua minh. Y tuong v i dai vao thai diem sai lam se
bi hep nhan nhu mpt y tudng tdi. Tat nhien, se co nhung lan
ban phai nbi thang y kie'n cua minh, ngay ca khi thbi diem
cb ve khong ly tudng. Bi quyet la biet duoc nen nbi cai gi va
nbi vao luc nao.
Sau day la bb'n cau hbi ban cb the dat ra de xac dinh thai
diem thuc ep:
1. T6I co biet dieu gi quan trpng ma sep
khong biet khdng?
Cac lanh dao cap trung cua to chiic deu biet nhung dieu
sep khong biet. Dieu do khdng nhung la chuyen thudng, ma
con la tin tot lanh. Khi biet duoc dieu gi do sep khong biet,
ban can truyen dat lai cho sep vi neu khdng, no cb the gay
tac hai cho to chuc hay cho sep.
Anh trai tdi, Larry, la mpt lanh dao tuyet vdi va mpt
doanh nhan rat thanh cong. Anh yeu cau nhan vien phai bao
cao vbi minh hai kieu tinh hubng: Khi cb mpt van de ldn
hoac khi cd mpt co hbi lbn. Anh mub'n biet nhung van de
lbn vi chung gav ra tac ddng tieu cue cho to chuc.
Anh mub'n biet ve nhung ca hbi ldn, nhung theo hubng tich
cue. Du la van de hay co hbi, anh muon cac nhan vien tham
du vao viec to chuc va xem hp giai quyet nhung tinh hubng
nay nhu the nao.
Lam the nao ban biet khi nao can cho sep biet dieu quan
trpng? Cd hai each. Mot la ban cd the dua ra nhung cau hdi
197

NHA LANH DAO 360

cu the truck, de nghi lanh dao giai thich ro rang khi nao ban
nen mang tbi cho bng, nhu Larry da lam. Hoac ban cb the
ung bien va tu may mb kham pha, su dung phan doan ciia
minh va lien tuc truyen dat cho tbi khi nao nhan duoc cau
tra lbi.
2. Thoi gian sip het chua?
Cb cau tuc ngu: "Mot lbi dung luc con hon hai lbi noi
sai." Cau tuc ngu nay khong nhung dung trong qua khu, ma
con rat thich hop trong xa hbi ngay nay, khi thong tin va thi
thuong chuyen dbng qua nhanh chong.
Constantine Nicandros, Tong thb'ng nubc Conoco, noi:
"Ngubi ta tung len thi truong canh tranh nhung y tubng
hay, nhung nhung y tubng nay den roi lai di, bbi vi su chu y
di chuyen rat nhanh va bay qua cua so co hbi dang de ngo.
Nhung se cb luc, thi truong nay day ray nhung manh kinh
vo cua cua so co hbi bi dap vo sau khi dbng sam lai."
Neu su chb doi khien to chuc cua ban khong the nam
duoc co hbi, hay mao hiem va tien len phia trubc. Lanh dao
cua ban cb the khong lam theo lbi khuyen cua ban, nhung
khong lanh dao nao mub'n nghe thay: "Ngai biet khong, toi
da nghi rang dieu do se xay ra," sau khi da qua muon. Hay
cho lanh dao cua ban co hbi quyet dinh.
3. Nhung tnach nhl^m cua tdi c6 nguy hlgm khdng?
Khi lanh dao tin tubng giao nhiem vu cho ban, ban co
trach nhiem thuc hien va hoan thanh. Neu ban gap kho
198

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

khan, hp se muon biet ve khb khan do va mub'n cb co hbi
giup ban hoan thanh chung hon la thay ban tu lam he't
nhung that bai.
Day la mpt van de tung xay ra khi tbi lam viec v b i
Charlie Wetzel. Charlie la ngubi rat gibi. Trong hon 10
nam lam viec cung nhau, chung tbi da hoan thanh hon 30
cub'n sach. Mot trong nhung nhuoc diem cua Charlie la rat
cham chap khi nhb giup do. Neu gap khb khan khi dang
viet, anh se nhan nai t u giai quyet no thay v i nhb tbi giup
mot tay. Y dinh cua Charlie rat tot; anh muon giam bbt
ganh nang cho tbi. Va Charlie y thuc rat cao ve trach
nhiem (No la mpt trong nhung u u diem cua anh). Nhung
y thuc trach nhiem do cb the cung phan lai Charlie. Tbi
khong mub'n anh co gang trb thanh ngubi hoan hao, tbi
mub'n chung tbi lam viec hieu qua.
4. T6I c6 thi giup dp tren chie'n thang khdng?
Cac lanh dao thanh cong hanh dbng chinh xac vao thbi
diem thich hpp vbi dbng co hpp ly. Se cb nhieu lan ban nhan
ra cac co hbi chie'n thang sbm hon
lanh dao. Trong truong hpp nay,
,,
i
*
, *
do la luc ban can tien len. Lam the
, ,
,
nao ban biet sep coi dieu gi la

thang loi? Hay doc lai phan viet ve

viec phat hien nhip tim va thu t u
uu tien cua lanh dao.

Cac lanh dao

199

thanh cong hanh dong

., ,
chinh xac vao
^
H dong cohop ly.
t

V(

NHA LANH DAO 360

KHI NAO TOI NEN DUNG LAI?
Vi ban muon trien khai ke hoach de' tao ra chie'n thang
hay tranh nhung that bai, ban can biet thbi diem nao can
tien. Nhung quan trong hon, ban nen biet, luc nao nen dung
lai. Cac lanh dao khong may khi bb lb co hbi neu ban khong
thuc day ho, nhung ho chac chan se chu y neu ban phai
dung lai nhung khong dung. Neu ban thuong xuyen thuc
ep cap tren vao thbi diem khong thich hop, ho cb the duoi
ban ra khoi cua.
Neu ban khong chac da den luc ngung lai, hay tra lbi sau
cau hbi duoi day:
1. Co phai t6l dang pho bien k hoach cua rieng tdi?
Cac lanh dao cap cao chia lanh dao cap trung thanh hai
nhom: (1) nhung ngubi hbi: "Ngai cb thelam gi cho tbi?" va
(2) nhung ngubi hbi: "Toi cb the lam gi cho ngai?" Nhom
dau tien cb gang loi dung lanh dao va bat cu dong nghiep
hay nhan vien nao hp thay cb ich de tbi dupe vi tri dung
dau. Nhom thu hai lai khac, hp dang co gang ganh vac to
chuc tbi vi tri dung dau.
Cb cac lanh dao dung dau to chiic ich ky (nhung nguoi
tbi da nhac den trong Thach thuc chan nan) thi cung co
nhung lanh dao cap trung ich ky. Nhung ngubi nay phan
xet moi viec dua tren chuong trinh nghi su cua rieng hp thay
vi cac trach nhiem cong viec.

200

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Ngupc lai, nha lanh dao 360 dung lai neu hp nhan ra hp
dang bat dau pho bie'n ke hoach rieng. Khong nhung the, ho
con san sang hy sinh quyen loi cua minh cho thanh cong lbn
hon cua to chuc khi can thiet.
2. Toi da giai thich rd rang quan diem cua minh chua?
Nha dau t u nbi tierig Warren Buffet nbi: "Dbi khi van de
khong phai la ban cheo thuyen vat va the nao ma la dbng
nubc chay xiet ra sao." Bat cu khi
nao gap go cap tren, hay chu y tbi
"Ddi khi van de
dbng chay cua luong nubc.
khdng phai la ban cheo
Ban can biet each truyen dat
thuyen vat va the nao
quan diem cua minh cho lanh dao.
ma la ddng nude
chay xiet ra sao."
Trach nhiem cua ban la truyen dat
dieu ban biet va dua ra quan diem

- Warren Buffet
cua ban ve mot van de. Nhung
truyen dat la mpt chuyen con ep
bupc lanh dao lai la chuyen khac. Ngoai ra, neu ban da trinh
bay ro rang y kie'n cua ban, ban khb cb the bao bien cho ly
do cua minh bang each nhac di nhac lai y kie'n do cho lanh
dao. Tong thb'ng Dwight D.Eisenhowwer tung nbi: "Ban
khong lanh dao bang each dap vao dau ngubi ta - do la
hanh hung, chu khong phai lanh dao." Neu ban nhac di
nh^c lai y kie'n sau khi da de xuat, rb rang, ban dang nha't
quyet lam theo y minh.
David Branker, giam dbc dieu hanh cua mot doanh
nghiep lbn, cho biet, bng da trai qua mpt thbi gian rat khb
201

NHA LANH DAO 360

khan de hoc each khi nao biet dung lai, va bai hoc do rat co
ich cho su nghiep lanh dao cua bng. Ong ke:

Hoc each dieng lai khi ban da gidi thich quan dii'm ciia minh cd the k
mot ke ngu ngbc cd ve khdn ngoan. Khi tdi la mot lanh dao chua co ki

nghiem, tdi cd mot khoang thoi gian kho khdn dehoc duoc dieu nay. S
ciia tdi luc do cang ngay cang luc gidn (khi tdi khdng dieng lai), dac
la khi ba khdng ddng y vdi y kien ciia tdi va khdng hieu ndi vi sao toi

khdng ngieng ban ve van de do. Toi duoc mot dong nghiep tot bung d
dan kinh nghiem lanh dao giiip do. Anh khuyen: "Tdi se ra hieu cho a
khi nao anh can dieng lai." Nhd y tudng sang tao ciia anh, tdi da hoc
each xac dinh khi nao nen ngieng ndi ve mot van di va cho doi mot thb
diim thich hop hon.
Lan tbi, khi hop cung sep, hay chu y each ban trinh bay
quan diem. Ban cb phat bieu rb rang nhu mpt su dbng gop
cho cube thao luan khong? Hay ban lien tuc nhac di nhac lai
quan diem cua minh de cb "gianh chien thang"? Neu cbgang
bang moi gia de chie'n thang, thi du ban gianh chie'n thang
tren danh nghia, nhung thuc te, ban van la ngubi thua cupc.
3. Chi c.6
mao h l l m ?

minh

tdi

phai

N h u toi da trinh bay, dat cuoc

tai san cua ngubi khac de dang
hon dat cupc tai san cua ban. Va
neu ban cu lien tuc thbc ep
nhung

khong

chiu

ganh

vac

chung rui ro, tat yeu, nhung

202

Khdng ai muon hop tac

lam an voi mot nguoi
khi ho phai ganh
tat cd rui ro, con ddi
tac khong phai chiu
rut ro nao.

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

nguoi phai ganh rui ro se xa lanh ban. Khong ai mub'n hop
tac vbi mot ngubi khi ho phai ganh tat ca rui ro, con db'i tac
thi khong.
Cac lanh dao cap trung nbi trpi luon lam nhu vay bbi vi
hp "dat ca nha ca cua vao do". Neu hp san sang dat cupc tai
san, co hbi va thanh cong cua hp, hp se gianh dupe su ton
trpng cua nha lanh dao.
4. Bau khdng khf c6 noi "khdng" vdi ban?
Kathie Wheat sau khi tot nghiep dai hpc da lam viec cho
Walt Disney World. Ong nbi rang nhan vien cua Disney
dupe hua'n luyen de trb nen nhay cam vbi bau khong khi
ngap tran tinh cam va nao nhiet cua cac v j khach trong cong
vien. Mot trong nhung dieu cac nhan vien dupe hpc la
khong bao gib tbi gan mpt gia dinh dang cai nhau. Dieu do
rat khbn ngoan.
Cac lanh dao 360 gib'ng nhu
nhung chuyen vien d u bao thbi

Cac lanh dao 360

tie't. Hp cb the doc duoc nhiet dp

noi lam viec cua minh - va dac
,
, ., ,,. ,

,.
Diet la nhiet do cua sep. Ban hay

g g
nhung chuyen gia
du bao thai tiei. Ho co
. .>, ,
the doc duoc nhiet do
noi lam viec cua ho.

nhin vao "bieu do thbi tie't"

danh cho lanh dao cap trung
trong to chuc:

203

ion

n h l t

NHA LANH DAO 360"

DU BAO

QUANG CANH

HANH DONG

Nang am

Tam nhin ro rang

va mat troi
chieu sang

Tien len

Suang mu

Khong the doan

duoc tinh hinh
thoi tie't

Chb suang
mil tan

Mua

Mua khong ngot

nhung khong co
sam chop

Di chuyen trong
truong hop
khan cap

Mua gio
sam set

Set co the danh

trung bat cu ai

Chb con bao

di qua

Cuorig phong

Gib giat cap 10,

khong the tranh
duoc thiet hai

Chay di tim
chb tru an

Hien nhien la tbi dang dua, nhung that su la rat quan

trong neu ban doan duoc cai gi dien ra xung quanh va chu y
tbi tam trang cua sep. Dung de mot y tubng tuyet vbi bi
mua trut xub'ng vi ban chon nham ngay giai thieu.
5. Thdi dllm nay da thich hop chua?
Hoang de Hadrian da nbi: "Dung dan sbm qua la sai
lam." Phai thua nhan la cac lanh dao cap trung gap kho
khan khi lua chon thbi diem. Nhung ngubi dung dau
thuong chon thbi gian cho viec ho lam. Viec nay khong don
204

CAC NGUYEN TAc LANH DAO CAP TREN

gian nhu cau: "Len dubng!" (Let's go!), ho phai chuan bi cho
mpi ngubi san sang di chuyen. Nhung hp dua ra quyet dinh
khi thbi diem thich hpp. Noi each khac, nhung ngubi dubi
cung cb it lua chpn lien quan tbi noi phai den. Hp hoac la bat
kip hoac bj bb lai phia sau.
Khi Titus la hoang de Rome, bng cho due cac dbng tien
hinh con ca heo luon quanh mb neo. Luc do, ca heo duoc
xem la loai dbng vat bien boi nhanh nha't va ham vui nha't.
Mo neo dai dien cho su vung chac va niem tin khong doi.
Hai hinh anh nay gan vbi nhau bieu tuong cho su can bang
giua chu dbng va sang suot, tien bp va than trpng. Nhieu
nam sau do, mpt gia huy da sir dung bieu tuong giong nhu
vay vbi khau hieu festina lente, nghia la "khan truong cham
chap" ("hasten slowly").
Do la viec nha lanh dao 360 phai lam. Ho phai khan
truong cham chap. Neu thbi diem thich hpp vbi tat ca mpi
ngubi, hay tien ve phia trubc. Nhung neu no chi thich hpp
vbi ban than ho, ho nen dung lai va di chuyen cham hon.
6. Yeu cau cua tdi c6 vupt qua moi quan h cua
chung ta?
Cau chuyen yeu thich cua tbi trong Kinh Cuu ubc la cau
chuyen ve Esther. Do la mpt bai hpc lbn ve vai trb lanh dao.
Xerxes la vua cua xu Nam Tu. Mpt horn, bng cho gpi hoang
hau cua minh la Vashti nhung ba t u choi khong tbi. Hanh
dong nay khong the chap nhan dupe. Xerxes tube bb dia vi
va cam ba khong bao gib dupe nhin mat bng nua. Sau do,
Xerxes tim ngubi khac the chb Vashti. Sau qua trinh tim
205

NHA LANH DAO 360"

kiem cong phu, Esther, mot co gai Do Thai, tro thanh hoang
hau cua Xerxes.
Moi thu deu sudn se cho tdi khi vien phan quan thuyet
phuc due vua x u tu tat ca nhung ngudi Do Thai trong
vuong quoc. Esther ddi mat vdi tinh the tien thoai luong
nan. Mac du ba cd the dupe mien tbi chet, nhung ba khong
the dung do va nhin nhung ngubi Do Thai cua minh bi gie't
hai. Neu ba den gap Xerxes cau xin mien tdi chet cho dong
bao khi ma bng khdng mub'n gap, ba cb the bi xu tu. Ba biet
mb'i quan he cua ba vdi Xerxes rat mong manh. Neu lbi
thinh cau cua ba vupt qua mbi quan he nay, ba se phai chju
so phan bi dat.
Cub'i cung, vdi niem tin va long dung cam, Esther tbi gap
due vua, lbi thinh cau cua ba dupe chap nhan va ngubi Do
Thai dupe mien tbi chet. Do la mot thach thuc ldn vdi ngubi
lanh dao d vi tri cap trung, nhung ba da thanh cong.
Cac lanh dao d vi tri cap trung khong cb qua nhieu quyen
hanh, va ho khong cd nhieu at chu bai trong tay. Thuong thi
"quan at" duy nha't la mdi quan he cua hp vdi cap tren. Ho
phai than trpng khi tung at chu bai. Neu hp thuc ep va yeu
cau cua hp vupt qua mdi quan he, hp se that bai.
Bang each quan sat nhung ngudi d vi tri giua cua to chtic
khi hp thuc ep va dung lai, ban cd the biet rat nhieu ve tinh
each va dbng co cua hp. Vp tbi, Maraget, va tbi rat thich
tham quan cac thu vien tong thong. Gan day, trong khi tham
quan bao tang George H. W. Bush, chung tdi doc dupe mpt
cau chuyen ve nhung hanh dbng cua Phd Tong thong
206

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

George H. W. Bush khi Tong thong Ronald Reagan bi ban
nam 1981. Bush ke rang khi nhan dupe tin, su khung khiep
cua bie'n co de nang tam tri bng, va ngay lap tuc, bng cau
nguyen cho Tong thong.
Khi Reagan dang phau thuat, Bush tam thbi dieu hanh dat
nubc, nhung bng tu chb'i mpt so viec de dam bao bng khong
cb y thach thuc hay cb y dinh the chb tong thb'ng. Vi du, khi
Bush den Nha Trang, bng tu chb'i dap true thang b bai cb phia
nam, bbi vi theo truyen thb'ng, chi cb true thang tong thb'ng
dupe dap b do. Bay gib tbi hbm do, khi Bush chu tri mpt bubi
hpp nbi cac khan cap, bng ngoi vao chiec ghe quen thupc cua
minh, khong phai ghe cua tong thong.
Reagan, tat nhien, binh phuc va hep tuc cong viec cua
minh, va tai dac cu tong thong nam 1984. Bush hai long ngoi
hong hau truong, phuc vu lanh dao va dat nubc cho tbi thbi
diem thich hpp va ngubi My bb phie'u bau bng trb thanh
ngubi dung dau cua hp.

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N G U Y f c N T A C #8

T R O T H A N H

" Q U A N

S i /

inh huong: Ban dang co gang hoan thanh mot du an rat

quan trong cho kip thoi han, thi bong nhien, ban dupe
yeu cau phai hoan thanh ngay mpt nhiem vu quan trpng
khac. Ban se lam gi? Neu ban khdng dupe phep keo dai thbi
gian va day la nhiem vu rat quan trpng, ban se phan ung
the nao? Giong da so nhung lanh dao khon ngoan, ban giao
mot trong hai nhiem vu do cho "quan su".
Quy luat Xuc tac trong cub'n The 17 Indisputable Laws of
Teamwork (17 Nguyen tac bat bie'n trong lam viec nhom)
phat bieu rang trong nhung tap the chie'n thang luon co

nhung ca nhan ddng vai trd la chat xuc tac. Dieu do luon
dung du trong the thao, kinh doanh, chinh tri hay mpt dau
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CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

truong nao khac. Nhung thanh vien kich thich moi viec xay
ra la nhung "quan su". Hp chung to nang luc kien dinh,
trach nhiem va su dang tin cay.
Neu day la dieu ban lam khi phai quyet dinh - hay se lam
neu ban tin cay mpt thanh vien trong nhom, the thi tai sao
lanh dao cua ban lai lam khac? Hp se khong lam khac ban.
Tat ca cac lanh dao deu kiem tim nhung ngubi cb the bubc
len phia trubc va tao ra su khac biet khi can. Khi hp tim thay
nhung ngubi nhu the, hp trong cay va tat yeu se chiu anh
hubng cua nhung ngubi nay.

"QUAN SU" TAO RA KET QUA KHI...

Trb thanh quan su la each hieu qua nha't de nang mot
ngubi len tren cac dong nghiep. Mpi ngubi nguong mb quan
su va trong cay vao hp khi gap rac roi. Khi nbi ve cac quan
su, tbi muon nbi ve nhung ngubi luon tao ra ket qua.
1. "Quan su" tao ra kt qua khi cb ap luc
Cb rat nhieu tuyp ngubi khac nhau b noi lam viec, va ban
cb the danh gia hp theo nhung gi hp lam cho to chuc:

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NHA LANH DAO 360"

VIEC HO LAM

TUYP NGUOI

Khong bao gib thuc hien

loi hua

Gay hai

Doi khi thuc hien lbi hua Trung binh

Luon thuc hien lbi hua Quy gia
khi cb dieu kien
Luon thuc hien lbi hua Vb gia
bat chap tinh hinh
"Quan su" la nhung ngubi
kich thich mpi viec xay ra trong
mpi hoan canh. Ho khong nha't
thiet phai b trong mbi truong
quen thupc. Viec hp lam khong
nha't thiet phai thupc so truong.
Cac tinh hubng khong can phai
dung luat" hay thuan loi. Sue ep
cung khong can trb dupe hp. Tren
thuc te, neu sue ep cang lbn, hp
cang muon hoan thanh cong viec.
11 luon "chie'n thang" khi chiu
sue ep.

"Quart su" la nhung

ngubi kich thich moi
viec xay ra trong moi
hoan canh. Ho khong
nhat thiet phai b trong
moi truong quen thuoc.
Viec ho lam khdng
nhat thiet phai thuoc
so truong.

2. Cac "quan su" t a o ra k t qua du ngudn luc it 61

Nam 2004, Today Matters dupe xuat ban, do do, tbi thuong
dupe yeu cau dien thuyet ve de tai nay. Mpt lan, tbi dupe mai
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CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

dien thuyet hai buoi lien hep b Little Rock, Arkansas. Sau
bubi dau tien, toan bo so sach dua den duoc ban he't sach. Khi
phat hien ra, nha to chuc da huy dbng cac nhan vien di mua
them sach de ho cb the doc sach ngay sau bubi dien thuyet
thu hai cua tbi. Cb le, bng va cac nhan vien da mua tat ca
nhung cub'n Today Matters dupe ban trong thi tran.
Dieu khien tbi rat vui la ngubi lanh dao do mub'n cac
nhan vien dupe hubng loi t u cub'n sach, va bng biet neu
khong cb no ngay sau khi tbi nbi chuyen, cac nhan vien chac
han se khong mua dupe sach. Vi vay, bng kich thich viec doc
sach xay ra mac du phai mua cac quyen sach vbi gia ban le
va ban lai cung vbi gia do mpt cong viec doi hbi rat nhieu
no luc, nhung lai khong mang lai chut loi ich nao ve mat tai
chinh. That la mpt lanh dao dang kham phuc!
3. "Qufin su" dem lai kt qua ngay ca khi ddng luc
thuc d l y ye"u
Khi nbi den van de dbng luc, cb the chia cac thanh vien
trong to chuc ra ba nhom. Nhom thu nha't la nhung ngubi
pha hong dbng luc - nhung ngubi "pha hoai ngam" va vi
the lam hao ton da tien cua to chuc. Nhung ngubi nay cb
thai dp toi te va dai dien cho 10% cuoi bang cua to chuc
( 6 General Electric, Jack Welch dat muc tieu hang nam tim
ra va sa thai nhung ngubi nay). Nhom thu hai la nhung
ngubi nhan tac dbng - nhung ngubi chi nhan nhung thu
den vbi hp. Hp khong tao ra hay lam giam dbng luc; hp
chang qua chi troi theo no. Nhung ngubi nay dai dien cho
80% b giua. Nhom cuoi cung la nhung ngubi tao ra luc day
211

NHA LANH DAO 360"

- nhung nguoi day moi thu ve phia truoc va tao da tien cho
to chuc. Nhiing ngudi nay la lanh dao va chiem 10% dau
bang. Ho tao ra su phat trien. Ho vupt qua trd ngai. Ho dua
nguoi khac tien cung. Hp that su sinh ra nang luong, trong
khi nhung ngudi con lai cam thay met moi hay nan chi.
4. "Quan su" tao ra ket qua du dang mang
ganh nSng
Cac nhan vien gidi ludn khao khat lam dupe viec cho cac
lanh dao. Nhieu nam qua, toi da lam viec vdi rat nhieu
nguoi nhu vay. Khi cd nguoi lam viec vdi toi noi: "Toi da
hoan thanh cong viec cua minh. Toi cd the lam viec gi do cho
ngai khong?", toi luon danh gia cao dieu do. Song co mot
dang cap khac ma mpt so "quan su" dat dupe, do la kha
nang vac ganh nang bat cu khi nao lanh dao can san se. Ho
khdng giup lanh dao chi khi ganh cua hp nhe. Hp lam viec
do bat cu khi nao.
Linda Eggers, Tim Elmore va Dan Reiland la nhung
nguoi thuong xuyen san se ganh nang vbi tdi. Trong nhieu
nam, khi tdi phai vac nang nang, hp nhan nhiem vu tir toi va
hoa.n thanh xuat sac.
Chia khoa de tro thanh mau ngudi nay la san sang cb mat
va nhan nhiem vu. Trd thanh mpt ngudi san se ganh nang
that su la van de thai dp, khong phai van de chuc vu. Neu
ban cb thien chi va cb nang luc nang ganh nang cua lanh dao
khi hp can, ban se tao anh hudng vdi hp.
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CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

5. "Quan su" tao ra ket qua khi lanh dao ving mat
Co hoi Ion nha't de lanh dao cap trung noi bat la khi lanh
dao vang mat. Do la nhung luc ton tai "chan khong lanh
dao", nen cac lanh dao cb the nbi len de lap vao chb do. Dung
ra thi khi cac lanh dao vang mat, hp luon chi dinh mpt lanh
dao dai dien cho hp. Nhung du nhu vay, van cb nhung co hoi
cho mpi ngubi bubc len, nhan trach nhiem va tba sang.
Neu ban tien len phia trubc de lanh dao khi xuat hien
"chan khong lanh dao", ban cb the cb dip tot de nbi bat. Tuy
nhien, ban cung nen biet, khi nhung ngubi bubc len de lap
khoang khong, viec do se phoi tran dbng co cua hp. Du hp
cb dbng co tot va khao khat lanh dao vi lpi ich cua to chuc,
hay ho cb'chdp lay quyen luc vi lpi ich ca nhan va su thang
tien, tat ca y dinh cua hp deu se bbc 16.
6. "QuSn su" tao ra kit qua du thdl gian han chi
Tbi rat tam dac mot tam bang 6 mpt doanh nghiep nhb.
Tren tarn bang do co de dong chu: "57 Nguyen tac chuyen
phat hang hoa". O duoi dau de lan lupt la cac nguyen tac:
Nguyen tac 1: Chuyen phat hang hoa
Nguyen tac 2: 56 nguyen tac sau khdng quan trong
Do la trie't ly cua cac "quan su". Hp phan phat du tinh
hinh khac nghiet the'nao chang nua.
Khi toi viet chuong nay, Rod Loy ke cho toi cau chuyen
khi ong con la lanh dao cap trung cua mpt to chuc. Trong

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NHA LANH DAO 360

mot buoi hop quan trpng, sep loan bao mot chuong trinh
mbi. Roy lang nghe rat cham chu, bbi vi bng chua tung nghe
nbi ve no. Ke hoach nghe rat tuyet, va that bat ngo, sep
tuyen bb Rod se chi dao chuong trinh nay, va bat cu ai quan
tam deu cb the hbi them Rod sau bubi hpp.
Rod chua rung dupe thong bao ve vai trb cua anh trong
chuong trinh nay, nhung dieu do khong quan trpng. Tu luc
biet tin, trong khi sep phat bieu, Rod nhanh chong phac thao
ban thiet ke va ke hoach hanh dbng cho chuong trinh. Khi
bubi hpp ket thuc va mpi ngubi tbi chb bng, bng truyen dat
ke hoach cua minh va gibi thieu no. Rod nbi rang no cb the
khong phai de an tot nhat cua bng, nhung no kha thi trong
tinh hubng do. No tao ra mpt chie'n thang cho to chiic, bao
ve uy tin cua lanh dao va phuc vu mpi ngubi chu dao.
Cb le, chua bao gib ban gap phai tinh hubng nhu Rod.
Nhung neu ban chpn thai dp tich cue va y chi kien cubng
cua mpt "quan su", tan dung mpi co hpi de thuc day mpi
viec xay ra, ban chac chan se hanh dbng nhu bng trong tinh
hubng tuong tu. Neu ban lam vay, lanh dao ciia ban se
trong cay vao ban, va chung ta se tang anh hubng va uy tin
cua hp vao mbi ngay ta lam viec vbi hp.

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N G U Y E N T A G #9

K H O N G

M p t

N G L / N G T I E N

B O

con ga tay ke le voi mpt con bo "Uoc gi tbi tbi dupe

dinh ngpn cay kia. Dang tiec la tbi khong du sue."

"O," con bb tot tra lbi, "Sao anh khong ria it phan cua tbi?
Toan chat bo day."
Con ga tay mb vao mot bai phan va dung la thu chat bb do
cho no du sue manh de cham tbi canh thap nha't. Ngay horn
sau, sau khi an it phan, no bay tbi canh thu hai. Cuoi cung
sau bb'n ngay, no hanh dien dau tren canh cao nha't. Nhung
ngay lap hie, no bi ngubi thp san phat hien va bi ban chet.
Bai hpc nit ra: BS (phan bb) cb the dua ban tbi dinh,
nhung khong the giu ban b do.

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NHA LANH DAO 360

SU PHAT TRIEN GIUP B A N
L A N H DAO CAP TREN N H U THE NAO
Toi tung gap rat nhieu nguoi mac "benh dich den". Ho
nghi rang ho da "den noi" khi giu mpt chuc vu cu the hoac
dat tbi mpt cap bac nao do trong to chuc. Khi tbi noi hp khao
khat, hp ngung co gang phat trien hay tien bp. Dieu nay that
lang phi tiem nang!
Chac chan tham vpng tien len
trong su nghiep khong cb gi la sai
Chia khoa cho suphdt
trai, nhung dung bao gib cb' gang
trien cd nhan la thien
de "den noi". Hay chu dinh bo ngo
ve dinh huong truong
hanh trinh cua ban. Da so moi
thanh hem la dinh
ngubi khong biet hp cb the di xa tbi
hubng muc tieu.
dau trong cube song. Hp nham
muc tieu qua thap. Khi bat dau
khoi nghiep, tbi da tung nhu vay, song mpi chuyen bat dau
thay doi khi tbi thbi khong dat ra cac muc tieu cho vi tri toi
muon dat tbi, ma bat dau dinh hubng cho mau ngubi toi
muon trb thanh. Tbi kham pha ra chia khoa cho su phat
trien ca nhan la thien ve dinh hubng trudng thanh hon la
dinh hubng muc tieu.
Khong cb bat cu su bat lpi nao khi bie'n su phat trien
thanh muc tieu cua ban. Neu ban van tie'p tuc hpc hbi, ngay
mai se tien bp hbm nay va dieu do se rat cb lpi cho ban.

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CAC NGUYEN TAc LANH DAO CAP TREN

Ban cang tien bp, mpi nguoi cang ling nghe
ban hon
Neu ban co so thich nau nubng, ban thich danh mot gid
vdi ai - vdi Mario Batali (bep trudng, tac gia sach hudng dan
nau an, chu nhan cua Babbo Ristorante e Enoteca va cac nha
hang khac b thanh pho New York, dbng thbi la ngubi dan
hai chuong trinh truyen hinh tren kenh Food Network) hay vbi hang xbm cua ban, ngubi "hoa hoan lam" mbi vao
be'p na'u an? Hay neu ban la mot hoc vien hoc ve nghe thuat
lanh dao, giong nhu tbi, ban mub'n danh thbi gian vbi tong
thb'ng Hoa Ky hon hay vbi ngubi quan ly mpt cua hang tap
hoa b dia phuong? Day khong phai mpt cupc thi. Tai sao?
Bbi vi ban kinh trong va cb the hpc hbi dupe nhieu nhat tu
nhung ngubi cb nang luc va kinh nghiem tuyet vdi.
Nang luc la chia khoa cho tin nhiem, va su tin nhiem la
chia khoa de tao anh hudng len mpi ngudi. Neu mpi ngudi
kinh trpng ban, hp se lang nghe ban. Tong thb'ng Abraham
Lincoln da nbi: "Tbi khong nghi nhieu ve ngubi nao horn
nay khong khbn ngoan hon hbm qua." Bang each tap trung
vao su phat trien, ban trb nen sang suot hon mdi ngay.
Ban cang ti6n bO, gia trj hdm nay cua ban cang
Ion hon
Neu ban dinh trong hoa mau va nhung cay hanh nhan,
ban nghi khi nao ban cd the bat dau thu hoach? Ban cb ngac
nhien khdng neu ban phai dpi nhieu nam (tu 3 - 7 nam cho
mpt cay an qua, 5 - 7 nam cho cay hanh nhan?) Neu ban
217

NHA LANH DAO 360

muon trong cay de lay qua, truoc tien ban phai de no lbn
len. Cai cay cang lbn va cb re khbe de do no, no cang ra
nhieu qua. No cang ra nhieu qua, gia tri cua no cang lbn.
Con ngubi cung tuong tu. Ho cang truong thanh, ho cang
quy gia hon bbi vi ho cb the tao ra nhieu ket qua hon. Tren
thuc te, ngubi ta nbi rang mot cai cay se khong ngung lbn
mien la no con song. Tbi mub'n song theo each nhu vay de
khi mat di, tbi se duoc ghi nhan: "Ong khong ngung phat
trien cho tbi ngay bng mat."
Tbi rat tam dac doan trich tu Elbert Hubbard: "Neu vbi
ban, viec ban lam hbm qua van rat to tat, ngay horn nay, ban
se khong lam gi nhieu." Neu ban nhin lai nhung thanh tuu
trong qua khu, va ban thay chung lbn lao, chung to ban van
chua phat trien nhieu ke tu ngay ban hoan thanh chung.
Neu ban nhin lai mot cong viec ban da lam nhieu nam ve
trubc, va ban nghi rang bay gib ban khong the lam tot hon,
thi ban dang dam chan tai chb trong linh vuc do cua cuoc
dbi ban.
Neu ban lien tuc khong phat trien, nang luc lanh dao ciia
ban cb the bi pha hong. Warren Bennis va Bert Nanus, tac
gia cua Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge (Lanh dao:
Cac chie'n luoc hoat dbng) nbi rang: "Kha nang phat trien va
hoan thien cac ky nang la dieu phan biet cac lanh dao va
nhung ngubi di theo hp." Neu ban khong tien ve phia truoc
vbi tu each mpt hpc vien, ban se lui ve sau vbi tu each mot
lanh dao.

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CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

Ban cang tien bp, tllm nang cho ngay mai cang
Ion hon
Nhung ngubi nao khb day nhat? Do la nhung ngubi chua
bao gib cb gang hoc. Khien ho chap nhan mot y tubng mbi
giohg nhu viec cb' gang trong mot cay ca chua vao be tong.
Du ban cb trong no vao trong dat, ban biet the nao no cung
se khong song sot dupe. Ban cang hpc tap va phat trien
nhieu hon, kha nang khong ngung hpc cua ban cang lbn
hon. Va dieu do khien tiem nang cua ban lbn hon va gia tri
cua ban cho ngay mai cao hon.
Nha cai each A n Do Mahatma Gandhi nbi: "Su khac biet
giua cai chung ta lam va cai chung ta cb the lam du de giai
quyet phan lbn cac van de tren the gibi." Tiem nang cua
chung ta lbn den nhu vay day. Tat ca nhung gi chung ta
phai lam la khong ngung chie'n dau de hpc tap them nua,
phat trien them nua, va trb thanh mpt ngubi tot dep hon.
Mot lanh dao tbi phong van cho cub'n sach nay ke ve cong
viec dau tien cua anh ta. Sep cua anh hbi do luon ngoi lai vbi
anh sau mbi lan anh mac sai lam va giang giai cho anh.
Trubc khi ket thuc bubi nbi chuyen, sep cua anh deu hbi:
"Cau da hoc dupe dieu gi tu viec nay?" va bng ta yeu cau
anh giai thich lai. Luc do, vi lanh dao tre nay nghi rang bng
sep qua khat khe vbi anh. Nhung khi anh truong thanh
trong su nghiep, anh phat hien ra rat nhieu thanh cong cua
anh dupe truy ra la nhb nhung bai thuc hanh anh da lam
theo sau nhung bubi nbi chuyen do. No tao ra mpt anh

219

NHA LANH DAO360'

huong tich cue to Ion toi anh boi vi no khong ngung khien
anh tien bp len.
Neu ban mub'n gay anh hubng len nhung ngubi dung
trubc ban trong to chuc va khong ngung anh hubng len hp,
thi ban can khong ngung tien bp. Mot su dau tu vao su phat
trien cua ban la mpt su dau tu vao kha nang cua ban, kha
nang thich nghi cua ban va kha nang thang tien cua ban. Du
cai gia cho viec khong ngung phat trien va hpc hbi la bao
nhieu di nua, thi cai gia cua viec khong lam bat cu viec gi
con lbn hon rat nhieu.

LAM THE NAO DE TIEN BO HON VAO NGAY MAI

"Nguoi sang lap nubc My" Ben Franklin tung noi:
13

14

"Bang each hoan thien ban than, the gibi trb nen tot dep
hon. Khong so phat trien qua cham. Ma chi so dung yen.
Quen di sai lam cua minh, nhung hay nhb dieu chung da
dav ban." Vay ban nen lam the nao de tien bp hon vao ngay
mai? Bang each tien bb hon vao horn nay. Bi quyet thanh
cong cua ban cb the tim thay trong so cong tac hang ngay

"Nguoi sang lap nude My": chi nhung nguoi da soan thao Hien phap
Hoa Ky (17-9-1787) hoac ky ten vao Tuyen ngon Doc lap (4/7/1776).
Benjamin Franklin (]70fS-1790) la mpt chinh tri gia, nha khoa hpc, tac
gia, tho in, triet gia, nha phat minh, hoat dong xa hoi va nha ngoai giao hang
dau. Ong da dua ra y tuong ve mpt nude My mdi, giup thuyet phuc nuoc
Phap ho tro trong cuoc chien gianh dpc lap cho Hoa Ky.
n

11

220

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

cua ban. Sau day la nhung dieu ban nen lam de khong
ngung phat trien va lanh dao cap tren:
1. Hpc ky n3ng chuyen mPn ngay hPm nay
Tren buc tubng trong nha kho cua mot trang trai trong
cay lbn cb treo mot tam bien, de: "Thbi diem trong cay ly
tubng nhat la hai muoi lam nam trubc. Thbi diem trong cay
ly tubng thu nhi la hbm nay." Bay gib la luc thich hop nhat
de trb thanh mot chuyen gia trong ky nang nghe nghiep cua
ban. Cb le ban ubc minh bat dau sbm hon. Hoac ban ubc tim
duoc giao vien hay thay hubng dan tot hon nhieu nam ve
trubc. Nhung thu do khong quan trong. Nhin lai va than
van se khong giup ban tien ve phia trubc.
Mot ngubi ban cua nha tho Longfellow hbi bng bi quyet
cua su hung khoi. Chi tay ra mot cay tao gan do, Longfellow
nbi: "Muc dich cua cay tao do la mpc ra it go mbi mbi nam.
Do la dieu tbi d u dinh thuc hien." Ngubi ban cb le da tim
thay ngu y tuong tu trong mot bai tho cua Longfellow:
Dau phai niem vui, dau phai ndi buon
La cuu canh dinh san ciia chung ta
Nhung hanh dong nhu the mdi ngai/ mai
Thay ta xa hon ngay hdm nay.
Ban cb the khong tbi dupe noi ban dang le phai tbi. Ban
cb the khong trb thanh ngubi ban muon tro thanh. Ban
khong can phai la ngubi ban da tung la. Va ban khong can
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NHA LANH DAO 360

phai rung "den noi". Ban chi can
hoc de tro nen tot nha't co the ngay
tir bay gio. N h u Napoleon Hill da
noi: "Ban khong the thay doi xuat
phat diem, nhung ban cb the thay
doi hubng dang di. Van de khong
phai la ban dinh lam gi, van de la
viec ban dang lam cb y nghia."

"Ban khdng the thay

ddi xuat phat diem,
nhung ban co the thay
doi hudng han dang di.
Van de khong phai la
ban dinh lam gi,
van de la viec ban
dang lam cd y nghia."
- Napoleon Hill

2. Thao lu<Jn ky nang ngh

nghiep ngay hdm nay

Mot khi ban da dat duoc do chuyen nghiep trong ky nang

nghe nghiep cua minh, thi mot trong nhung viec tot nhat
ban cb the lam cho ban than la thao luan ve ky nang nghe
nghiep cua ban vbi nhung ngubi cb trinh do bang hoac hon
ban. Nhieu ngubi lam the mot each he't sue t u nhien. Nhung
ngubi choi guitar chuyen trb ve guitar. Cac phu huynh nbi
ve viec nubi day con cai. Nhung golf thu nbi chuyen ve golf.
Hp lam vay bbi vi viec do rat thu vi, lam chay len niem dam
me cua hp, day cho hp nhieu ky nang mbi va nhung hieu
biet tha'u dao hon, va no con giup ho chuan bi san sang ung
pho vbi khb khan.
Nbi chuyen vbi cac dong nghiep that tuyet, nhung neu
ban khong co gang ban luan mpt each cb chien lupc ve ky
nang nghe nghiep cua minh vbi nhung ngubi trpi hon ban
ve kinh nghiem va ky nang, ban that su bb 15 nhung co hoi
hpc hbi. Douglas Randlett nhom hpp deu dan vbi mpt nhom
222

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

cac trieu phii ve huu de ong co the hoc hoi tir hp. Truoc khi
ve huu, cau thu bong chay choi cho giai chuyen nghiep
Tony Gwynn nbi tie'ng vi thao luan ve ky thuat danh bong
vbi bat a i ai cb kie'n thuc ve no. Mbi khi anh ta gap Ted
Williams, hp toan ban ve danh bong.
Tbi rat thich dupe nbi chuyen ve nghe thuat lanh dao vbi
nhung lanh dao gibi. Tren thuc te, tbi de ra muc tieu sap xep
mpt "bua trua hpc hbi" vbi mot ngubi tbi nguong mb it nha't
la sau lan mot nam. Trubc khi di, tbi nghien cuu ky ve hp
bang each doc sach cua hp, nghien ciiu cac bai hpc cua hp,
nghe nhung bai dien thuyet cua hp, hay lam bat cii viec gi
tbi thay can thiet. Muc tieu cua tbi la biet them ve hp va dat
ra nhung cau hbi phu hpp. Neu tbi lam vay, tbi cb the hpc h i
nhung the manh cua hp. Nhung day khong phai la muc tieu
quan trong nhat cua tbi. Muc tieu cua tbi la hoc duoc dieu
giiip tbi cb the bien linh vuc the manh cua hp sang linh vuc
the manh cua tbi. Su phat trien cua tbi bat nguon h i do, chii
khong phai h i viec hp dang lam. Tbi phai ung dung nhung
dieu toi hpc dupe vao hoan canh cua tbi.
Bi quyet de cb mpt cube phong van tuyet vbi la lang
nghe. Do la cau nbi giua ban va nhung lanh dao khac va la
muc tieu cua ban.
3. Thuc hanh ky nSng nghi nghiep ngay h6m nay
William Osier, nha vat ly da viet cub'n The Principles and
Practice of Medicine (Nhung nguyen tac va su hanh nghe y),
tung khuyen mpt nhom sinh vien y khoa:
223

NHA LANH DAO 360'

Xua di y nghi ve tuong lai. Song vi nhung cdng viec dime phan cdng
truoc mat. Dung nghi ve so luong dime hoan thanh, nhung kho khdn phai
vupt qua, hay ket qua phai dat duoc, hay kien quyet thuc hien timg viec
nha ngay xung quanh ban sao cho dieu do dii cho ngay hdm ay, de dam ba
phan su don gian cita cluing ta la, nhu Carlye timg ndi, "Dimg nhin cdi
nam Id md a phia xa, ma thuc hien cdi nam ro rang ngay trudc mdt."
Cach duy nha't de tien bp la thuc hanh ky nang nghe
nghiep cho tbi khi ban hoan toan tha'u hieu no. Dau tien, ban
lam nhung viec ban biet lam. Ban cang luyen tap ky nang
nghe nghiep, ban cang hieu biet nhieu hon. Khi ban lam
nhieu hon, ban cung se thay cong viec cua minh dat nhung
ket qua khac han. Khi do, ban can dua ra quyet dinh: Ban se
lam cai ban luon lam, hay se cb' gang lam nhieu hon cai ban
nghi ban nen lam? Cach duy nha't de ban tien bp la bubc ra
khoi khu vuc thoai mai va thu nhung dieu mbi la.
Mpi ngubi thuong hbi tbi: "Tbi cb the phat trien cong viec
kinh doanh nhu the'nao?" hay "Tbi cb thelam the nao de cai
thien hoat dbng cua tbi?" Cau tra lbi la ban can phat trien
ban than. Cach duy nha't de phat trien mpt to chuc la phat
trien ngubi dieu hanh no. Bang each khien ban than tot hon,
ban cung khien ngubi khac tot hon. Cuu CEO cua General
Electric, Jack Welch, nbi: "Trubc khi ban la mpt lanh dao,
thanh cong chu yeu la viec phat trien ban than ban. Khi ban
trb thanh lanh dao, thanh cong chu yeu la viec phat then
ngubi khac." Va thbi diem xuat phat la ngay hbm nay.

224

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN

TOM TAT CHUONG III
CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP TREN
Truoc khi bat dau hoc each lanh dao dong cap, ban hay
xem lai nhung nguyen tac can thuc hien thanh thao de lanh
dao cap tren:
NGUYEN TAC ftl: Lanh dao ban than xuat sac
NGUYEN TAC #2: Chia se ganh nang vbi cap tren
NGUYEN TAC #3: San sang lam viec ngubi khac khong lam
NGUYEN TAC #4: Lam nhieu hon quan ly - lanh dao
NGUYEN TAC #5: Dau tu vao mbi quan he huu hao
NGUYEN TAC *6: Chuan bi san sang mbi lan gap lanh dao
NGUYEN TAC #7: Biet tien, lbi dung luc
NGUYEN TAC #8: Trb thanh "quan su"
NGUYEN TAC #9: Khong ngung tien bo

225

C A C N G U Y E N
L A N H

T A C

D A O D O N G

C A P

"Di theo tdi,

tdi se chung vai sat canh vai

ban."

au la su khac biet giua mpt lanh dao cb nang luc va

mpt lanh dao b cap dp cao hon? Cac lanh dao cb nang
luc cb the dan dat nhung ngubi khac. Hp tim kiem, tap hpp,
tuyen mb va gianh dupe su ung hp cua nhung ngubi nay.
Day khong phai viec de dang. Neu chi cb the lanh dao
nhung ngubi theo minh, nang luc lanh dao cua ngubi do se
bi han che. De tien len nac thang lanh dao cao hon, ngubi
227

NHA LANH DAO 360

lanh dao phai co kha nang dan dat cac lanh dao khac khong chi nhung nguoi b dudi hp, ma ca nhung ngudi a
tren va ke'ben hoNha lanh dao lam viec that su cham chi va the hien dupe
nang luc the cb anh hubng tbi sep cua hp. Vi vay, xet theo khia
canh nay, hp la lanh dao cua lanh dao. Nhung lanh dao nhung
ngubi dbng cap la mot thach thuc hoan toan khac. Tren thuc
te', nhung ngudi dat ket qua xuat sac trong cdng viec thudng bi
ngudi khac ghen ghet. Vi the^ viec lanh dao nhung ngubi dong
cap cb the rat khb khan. Neu cac ddng nghiep coi nha lanh dao
cap trung cb anh hubng lbn nhu la nhung ke cb dbng co chinh
tri hay xu ninh, thi ho se ru choi su lanh dao ddng cap.
De lanh dao dbng cap thanh cong, nha lanh dao 360 phai
no luc de ddng nghiep ton trpng va lam theo. Ban se lam
viec do nhu the nao? Hay giup cac dong nghiep gianh chie'n
thang. Neu ban giup hp chie'n thang, ban khong nhung giup
to chuc ma con giup chinh ban.
Nhung ngubi thay lanh dao ddng cap qua khb khan la
nhung ngudi khong gidi xay dung cac mdi quan he. Neu
ban nhb lai nam cap bac lanh dao trong phan "Lam tubng
chuc vu", ban se thay sau nac dau tien la chuc vu, nac thu
hai va nac ba la cac mbi quan he va ket qua cong viec. Cac
lanh dao cd the hoan thanh xuat sac cdng viec, nhung khong
gibi trong cac mbi quan he cb the gay anh hubng len sep
nhung gan nhu khong the gay anh hubng len ddng nghiep.
Neu ban muon lanh dao dong cap, ban can lam viec va tranh
thu su dong thuan cua hp. Day cb the la mpt thach thuc lbn,
nhung rat dang thuc hien.
228

N G U Y E N T A C #1

A M

r?
H I E U , T H l / C

V A
C H U

H O A N

H A N H

T H A N H

T R I N H L A N H

D A O

ac nha lanh dao thuong gap kho khan khi lanh dao

dong cap, boi vi hubng giai quyet van de cua ho qua

thien can. Ho vbi vang tao anh hubng, ma quen mat lanh
dao khong phai la su kien mot lan, la mot qua trinh lien tuc,
keo dai dac biet la trong mb'i quan he vbi cac dong nghiep.
Neu ban mub'n cb anh hubng va nhan duoc su tin nhiem
cua dong nghiep, dung di tat hay gian lan. Hay am hieu,
thuc hanh va hoan thien chu trinh lanh dao cung hp.

229

NHA LANH DAO 360

CHU TRINH LANH DAO
Hinh ve duoi day se cho ban mot khai niem ve chu trinh
lanh dao:
1. Quan tam
7. Thanh cong / 2. Hoc hbi

6. Lanh dao

y
{

/ 3. Danh gia cao

}

5. Dien dat thanh 101^*^*^ Dbng gbp

Vong trbn nay bat dau tu su quan tam va ket thuc la thanh
cong. Duoi day la each tien hanh mbi bubc trong chu trinh.
1. Quan tam - chu y t6l mc>l nguoi
Viec nay nghe cb ve don gian, nhung day chinh la each
de bat dau moi viec. Ban phai cho moi ngubi thay su quan
tam cua minh bang each chu y tbi ho. Nhieu lanh dao thien
ve hanh dbng va bi lich lam viec chi phb'i den nbi khong uu
tien xung dang cho muc tieu con ngubi. Neu ban cung thuoc
mau lanh dao nay, ban can thay db'i ngay.

230

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Neu ban yeu quy mpi ngubi, mpi chuyen se de dang hon.
Neu ban khong phai la ngubi cua cong chung, cb le day la
dieu dau tien ban nen lam: Kiem tim gia tri trong mbi con
ngubi, dat minh vao hoan canh cua hp, tim nhung ly do de
yeu quy hp. Ban se khong the quan tam tbi mpi ngubi neu
ban thuc tam de y tbi hp. Va sai lam nay se la vat can cho
kha nang lanh dao cua ban.
Neu quan tam tbi moi ngubi la viec khb khan doi vbi ban,
hay tham khao cub'n sach 25 Ways to Win with People (25 each
de chie'n thang cung mpi ngubi) do tbi va Les Parrott cung
viet, hay doc cub'n sach kinh dien How to Win Friends and
Influence People (Lam sao de ket

ban va gay anh hubng len mpi

ngubi) cua Dale Carnegie. Du ban
phat trien ky nang con ngubi bang
bat cu each nao, hay nhb rang con
ngubi luon hubng ve nhung ngubi
biet tang gia tri cho hp va tranh xa

Con ngudi luon huong

ve nhung nguoi biet
tang gid tri cho hp vd
tranh xa nhung ai
giam gid tri ciia hp

nhung ai giam gia tri cua hp.

2. Hoc hdi - h l l u b l l t m<?l ngudi
Hay de mpi ngubi thay ban quan tam tbi hp. Nhung neu
ban khong no luc de hieu ve hp vbi tu each ca nhan, ban cb
nhieu nguy co giong nhu nhan vat Charlie Brown khi nbi:
"Tbi yeu nhan loai. Con ngubi mbi la nhung ke tbi khong
the chiu dung dupe."

231

NHA LANH DAO 360

Hay danh thoi gian noi chuyen vdi cac dong nghiep.
Lang nghe nhung cau chuyen cua hp. Co gang kham pha
nhung "tuyet ky" cua hp. Hpc each tran trpng su khac biet
cua hp. Tham khao y kie'n cua hp ve cac van de lien quan
cong viec. Va co gang dat minh vao hoan canh cua hp.
Cung co nhung each khac de hieu them ve ddng nghiep
cua ban. Tbi thudng dai dien cho mpt cong ty tbi thanh lap,
gib do Todd Ducan so huu va lanh dao. Mpt trong nhung
bai tap cho khach hang cua Maximum Impact, mot cong ty
do tbi sang lap, la tham gia trb choi "Nhung quan bai gia
tri". Ngubi tham gia dupe yeu cau lat mpt xap bai hon 40
quan, mbi quan bai dai dien cho mpt gia tri, vi du nhu tinh
chinh true, tan tam, su giau cb, niem tin, kha nang sang tao
va gia dinh. Ngubi choi dupe yeu cau chpn ra sau gia tri
quan trpng nhat db'i vdi minh, sau do, loai lan lupt hai la bai
trong mbi lan choi sau. Y nghia cua trb choi: Mpi nguoi nen
can nhac nhung gia tri quan trpng va dua ra nhung lua chpn
khb khan.
Gan day Rick Packer, mpt giang vien kinh doanh cho toi
doc email bng vua nhan dupe tu John Farrell thupc nha xuat
ban Printing House Press. Trong email, John say sua nbi ve
lan tham gia choi "Nhung quan bai gia tri" cua minh va bng
da su dung no nhu the nao de hieu hon ve cac ddng nghiep.
John viet:

Vai tuan sau khi tdi quay ve (tie hoi thao), tdi ngoi choi trd nay via cac
nhan vien cua tdi, lan kept, hai ngudi mot. Tdi ndi vdi ho, day la mpt trd
choi tuyet vdi, vd hp cd the kham pha them nhieu dieu ve nhieng ddng
232

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

nghiep cua minh. Va qua that, trd choi da khdng lam tdi that vong. Tat
cac nhan vien ciia tdi deu thich thii ten mite hao hire de nghi tdi cdng k

nhieng gid tri ma mdi ngudi lira chon. Tdi da nhd mot chuyen gia thiet k
do hoa tao va in mot hire tranh ktioldn the hien ba gid tri dieng dau the
danh gid chung ciia va treo d van phong de moi ngudi ciing xem.
John cho chung toi biet them, sau su kien nay, tinh ban eta
cb giua cac nhan vien cang trb nen tham thiet hon. Trong
thu, bng cung gui kem buc ve thu nhb ma hoa si cua bng da
thiet ke.
Gib day, John khong chi hieu cac nhan vien ciia minh
hon, ma cac nhan vien cua bng con tim duoc mpt vi tri thich
hpp hon de tu do tim hieu, tran trpng va tao anh hubng tbi
cac dong nghiep.
3. Danh gia cao - tdn trpng mpi ngudi
Chung ta cb thien hubng kinh trpng nhung ngubi cb the
lam nhung viec chung ta nguong mo. Do la dieu rat t u
nhien. Con neu chung ta chi danh gia cao nhung ngubi
giong chung ta, chung ta se bb 15 rat nhieu co hbi. Hay coi
nhung kinh nghiem va ky nang dbc dao cua ngubi khac nhu
mpt ngubn tai nguyen va cb gang hpc hbi t u hp.
Dennis Bakke, Chu rich Hbi dong quan tri cua AES va tac
gia cua cub'n sach Joy at Work (Niem vui trong cong viec), cb
mpt kinh nghiem thu v j ve dieu nay. Ong chu y dat ra gia
thiet tich cue ve mpi ngubi va co gang hien thuc hba cac gia
thiet nay vbi su ton trpng mpi ngubi. Bakke phat bieu ly

233

NHA LANH DAO 360"

thuyet cua minh thong qua mieu ta cac nhan vien 6 AES la
nhung nguoi:
sang tao, sau sac, dang tin cay, co kha nang dua ra cac
quyet dinh quan trong;
co trach nhiem voi cac quyet dinh va hanh dong ciia
ban than;
cb the sai lam (pham sai lam, doi khi la coy);
dac biet;
luon mub'n dbng gbp tich cue tai nang va ky nang ciia
minh cho to chuc va the gibi.
Neu ban doi xu vbi dong nghiep (va nhan vien) vbi thai
do ton trong, danh gia cao con ngubi that su cua hp, hp se
dap lai bang viec ton trpng va lang nghe ban.
4. Dbng gop - gia tang gia tr| cho mpi ngudi
Gia tang gia tri cho nhung
ngubi xung quanh cung gbp phan
lam tang su tin nhiem cua lanh
,
'
>
dao danh cho ban. Dieu nay dac
3

^ ^* &
cho nhung nguoi xung
, _
,
quanh cung gop phan
e
\a h dao danh
cho ban.
1 < l

biet dung khi ban khong bi bubc

phai lam nhu vay hay khong tu lpi
h i viec do. Khi ban no luc gia tang
gia tri cho dong nghiep, ho hieu
rang ban that su mong muon hp
chie'n thang chii khong he an gia'u mpt chu dinh nao khac.
U

234

t d L t l g s u t i n

n h i

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Day la vai ldi khuyen giup ban bat dau:
Dieng giu khu khu dieu tot nha't cho ban than. Thien hubng
tu nhien cua chung ta la bao ve nhung thu thuoc ve minh,
du do la dat dai, y tubng hay tai nguyen. Tuy nhien, neu ban
chia se nhung gi dang cd vdi ngudi khac, ban that su gui di
mot thong diep tich cue tbi nhung ngubi lam viec cung ban.
Lap khoang trong ciia hp. Tbi rat tam dac vbi cau nbi cua
nhan vat Sylvester Stallone khi nbi ve cd vo chua cuoi
Adrian trong bo phim Rock: "Tbi cb nhung khoang trd'ng, cb
ay cung cb nhung khoang trb'ng. Khi gan vdi nhau, chung
tbi trb nen hoan thien." Dieu nay cung dung trong mbi quan
he giua chung ta va dong nghiep. Thay vi loi dung nhung
khoang trong cua ngudi khac de vuot qua ho, tai sao chung
ta khong lap khoang trong cua mdi ngudi va ca hai cung
vuot len?
Dau tu vao su phat trien ciia hp. Trong Thach thuc #2
(Thach thuc Chan nan: Di theo mpt lanh dao tdi), tbi da
khuyen ban nen chia se tai nguyen vdi cap tren. Tai sao ban
khong lam dieu tuong tu vbi ddng nghiep? Dung nhu mpt
cau tuc ngu da nbi, khi ban thap nen cua ngubi khac, ban
chang mat gi ca, ban chi tao them anh sang ma thbi.
Dua hp di cung. Nhieu khi chung ta cd mpt co hdi thuc
hien dieu gi do thu vi hay dac biet, tie'p nhan kinh nghiem
va tan hudng no, nhung chung ta lai giu no cho rieng minh.
Nhung mpt nha lanh dao 360 ludn nghi ve nhung ngudi hp
cb the dua di cung trong nhung luc nhu vay. Neu ban muon

235

NHA LANH DAO 360"

tao anh huong voi dong nghiep, hay chia se nhung dieu tot
dep ban dang lam cung ho.
Dau tien, ban cb the cam thay bat tien khi gia tang gia tri
cho nhung ngubi dbng cap. Neu ban lam viec trong moi
truong thu han va canh tranh khbe liet, ban dau, cb the dong
nghiep se nhin ban vbi anh mat nghi ngo. Nhung hay kien
tri. Neu ban cho di vb dieu kien va cb gang giup ngubi khac
chien thang, cuoi cung ho se tin tubng dbng co cua ban.
5. Dien dat thanh ldi - kh^ng d|nh moi ngudi
Hay nhb lai nhung ngubi thay cua ban. Ban thich ai nha't?
Vi sao ban thich hp? Giohg nhu da so mpi ngubi, ban
thuong kinh trpng hp vi hp khang dinh ban va giup ban suy
nghi tot ve ban than.
Su khang dinh cb kha nang phat trien mpt con ngubi.
Theo Tie dien Webster, t u khdng dinh dupe lay tu tu ad firmare,
cb nghia la "lam cho vung chac". Vi vay, khi ban khang dinh
mpt ngubi, ban lam cho nhung dieu ban thay b hp trb nen
vung chac. Hay lam dieu do thuong xuyen, va niem tin
vung vang trong tam hon hp se trb nen manh me hon su
nghi ngo hp cb ve ban than.
Neu ban muon anh hubng tbi cac dong nghiep, hay trb
thanh cb dbng vien xuat sac nha't cua hp. Ca ngoi cac uu
diem. Thua nhan nhung thanh tuu. Nbi nhung dieu tich cue
ve ho vbi sep va dbng nghiep. Khen ngoi hp chan thanh moi
khi cb co hbi, va mpt ngay nao do ban se cb co hbi tao anh
hubng len hp.
236

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

6. Lanh dao - tac d d n g t d i mpi ngudi
Sau khi ap dung nam bubc dau tien: quan tam, hoc hoi,
danh gia cao, dong gop va dien dat thanh loi, ban da san
sang de lanh dao cac dong nghiep. Cho tbi thbi diem nay,
nhung viec ban lam da giup ban xay dung dupe mbi quan
he vbi hp, cho ban su tin nhiem va
the hien dbng co tot dep cua ban.
Nliitng nha lanh dao vi
dai khong loi dung moi
nguoi de gianh chien
thdng.no lanh dao
moi ngudi de tdi cd
ciing chien thdng.

Vbi bubc dem nhu vay, ban se cb

duoc co hbi gay anh hubng tbi hp.
?
g
? n thanh cong va
nhanh chong tat ca cac bubc, trong
khi mpt so khac lai can rat nhieu
M

s b

V a n h

c 6

hi

thbi gian de hoan thanh. To chat

lanh dao cua ban cang lbn, ban cang nhanh chong thanh
cong. Nhung gay anh hubng len ngubi khac khong phai la
dinh cao nha't cua cube hanh trinh. Neu dbng co duy nhat
cua ban chi la de mpi ngubi lang nghe hay thuc hien dieu
ban mub'n, thi ban that su da 15 mat co hbi. Neu ban khao
khat trb thanh mpt nha lanh dao 360, ban can di tie'p: Ban
can giup mpi ngubi chien thang!
7. Thanh cdng - chie'n thang cung mpi ngudi
Tbi biet ban khao khat lanh dao ngubi khac. Neu khong,
ban da khong doc tbi phan nay. Nhung tbi khong biet ban
cb suy nghi nhieu ve ly do mub'n trb thanh nha lanh dao
khong. Tbi tin rang cac nha lanh dao gibi biet each can bang
237

NHA LANH DAO 360

hai dong co thuc day quan trpng. Dong co dau tien la hoan
thanh tam nhin ciia hp. Tat ca cac nha lanh dao deu co mpt
udc mo, mot tam nhin ma hp muon dupe thay chung "dam
hoa ket trai". Voi mpt so nguoi, uoc ma co the vua phai; voi
mpt so khac, uoc ma co the rat lan lao. Dong luc thu hai la
de thay ngudi khac thanh cong. Nhung nha lanh dao vi dai
khong lpi dung mpi ngudi de gianh chie'n thing. Hp lanh
dao mpi ngudi de tat ca ciing chie'n thang. Neu do that su la
dong co ciia ban, ban cb the trb thanh mau ngudi ma ngubi
khac mub'n di theo, du hp d ben canh, tren hay dudi ban
trong so do to chiic.
Dieu tuyet vdi khi giup do ngudi khac thanh cdng la no
tao cho ban co hbi giup do nhieu ngudi hon. Ban da thay
dieu nay trong cube song chua? Mpt hua'n luyen vien hay
mpt lanh dao doanh nghiep thanh cong de dang tuyen mp
cac "cau thu" tiem nang hon nhung ngudi khdng chut tie'ng
tam. Khi nha lanh dao chung minh dupe hp cd the giup mpi
ngudi bie'n gia'c mo thanh hien thuc, nhung ngudi tai gibi se
tim den hp, mong nhan dupe su giup do de thanh cdng.
Va day chinh la noi vong trbn chu trinh lanh dao ket
thuc. Neu ban giup ngudi khac thanh cdng, se cd them nhieu
ngudi khac nua budc vao cube ddi ban va ban cd co hbi giup
hp thanh cdng. Mdi khi dieu do xay ra, chu trinh lanh dao lai
quay vong, bat dau h i quan tam va ket thuc la thanh cong.
Ban khong the di tat. Tuy nhien, neu ban lien tuc giup do
ngubi khac trong thbi gian dai, hp se cho phep ban tien hanh
qua trinh do nhanh chong hon, nhung van tren co so ap
dung tuan t u hing budc.
238

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Lou Holtz, hua'n luyen doi Notre Dame, phat bieu: "Hay
lam ruhung dieu dung va tot nha't cb the va db'i xu vbi mpi
ngubi theo each ban mub'n dupe db'i xu, boi vi hp se dat ra
ba cau hbi: (1) Tbi cb the tin anh khong? (2) Anh cb tin dieu
nay khong? A n h cb say me no khong? (3) Anh cb quan tam
den tbi vbi t u each la mpt con ngubi khong?" Neu nhung
ngubi xung quanh ban tra lbi "cb" cho tat ca nhung cau hbi
nay, ban se cb co hbi tao ra anh hubng len cube doi nhung
ngubi do.

239

H O A N
L A N H
K H I

T H I E N

D A O D O N G

C A P

TRl/OC

C A N H T R A N H V O I H O

hris Hodget la mpt lanh dao gioi, ong noi tie'ng ve tai

ke chuyen hai Boudreaux, mpt kieu chuyen hai huoc rat

dupe ua chuong o Louisana. Gan day, trong chuyen tham
EQUIP, Hodget ke cho toi nghe cau chuyen duoi day:
Mpt nhom nguoi Cajun ngoi khoe khoang thanh cdng vdi nhau.
Thibideaux ndi: "To vita mua mpt thuyen cau torn mdi. That tuyet vbi!
Cd tdi 10 thuy thu lam viec cho Id."
"The thi cd gi", Landry ndi, "To duoc thang chuc d nha may. Co 50
ngudi lam viec dudi quyen to."

240

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Khi nghe thay the', vi khdng muon bi mat mat trudc cac ban, nen
Boudreax noi: "01 Binh thudng thoi! Hien nay, cd 300 ngudi dudi td."
Tfiibideaia ngqc nhien: "Cau dang ndi cdi gi the, Boudreaux? Cau cat cd
cd ngay co ma."
"Tin diing vay", Boudreaux ndi, "Nhung td dang cat cd d nghia trang,
va ngay nao ciing cd 300 ngudi dudi chan td."
Canh tranh khong co gi sai trai. Nhung rac roi la 6 cho,
nhieu lanh dao lai canh tranh voi cac dong nghiep theo each
lam ton thuong tap the va chinh ban than minh. Viec ban
giai quyet canh tranh nhu the nao va leo lai no ra sao rat
quan trong. Mot mbi truong lam viec lanh manh la mbi
truong cb ca su canh tranh va tinh than dong dpi. Van de la
biet ap dung luc, dung chb. Trong truong hop do la cac ban
trong nhom, ban mub'n canh tranh theo each ma thay vi dang
canh tranh vbi hp, ban dang hoan thien hp. Do la hai lbi tu
duy hoan toan khac nhau.
C A N H T R A N H K H A C VOI H O A N THIEN
CANH TRANH

HOAN THIEN

Tu duy khan hiem

T u duy phong phu

Tbi trubc

To chuc trubc

Lam tieu tan su tin cay

Phat trien su tin cay

Ke thang - ngubi thua

Hai ben cung chie'n thang

Suy nghi rieng biet

Chia se suy nghi

241

NHA LANHDAO 360

(nhung y tuong hay
cua toi)

(nhung y tubng tuyet vbi cua

chung ta)

Loai bo nhung ngubi

khac

Bao gom ca nhung ngubi khac

Tim each chien thang dbng nghiep bang mpi gia se khien
ban phai tra gia. Neu muc tieu cua ban la danh bai dong
nghiep, ban se khong bao gib cb kha nang lanh dao dong cap.

LAM THE NAO DE CAN BANG CANH TRANH

V A H O A N THIEN?
Dieu mau chbt la ban phai y thuc
dupe, thanh cong cua tap the quan
trpng hon chie'n thang cua ca nhan.
Cac to chuc can ca su canh tranh va
tinh than tap the de gianh chie'n
thang. Khi hai yeu to nay b the can

Tim cdch chien thang

dong nghiep bang moi
gid se khien ban phai
tra gia.

bang, chung ta se cb thanh qua la

mbi quan he tap the tuyet vbi.
Vay, lam each nao de can bang giua canh tranh va hoan
thien? Lam the nao de chuyen de dang t u trang thai nay
sang trang thai khac? Sau day la nhung lbi khuyen danh
cho ban.
1. ThCra nhan tinh hieu thing
Sau khi tot nghiep dai hpc mpt thbi gian dai, tbi trb ve
truong tham gia tran thi dan bong ro giua nhom cuu sinh
242

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

vien va cac sinh vien dang theo hoc. Khi con hoc trong
truong, toi la hau ve ghi diem, nhung lan do, toi lai duoc chi
dinh kem mot hau ve dan bong. Khi xem cau ta khbi dbng,
tbi biet minh dang gap khb khan. Cau ta nhanh hon tbi rat
nhieu. Vi vay, tbi nhanh chong vach ra mot ke'sach.
Lan thu nha't khi cau ta co nem bong vao rb, tbi va cham
vbi cau ta. Tbi dap vao tay cau ta khi cau ta nem bong. Mot
cu va kha manh. Cau ta dung day, di khap khieng den vach
nem phat, va ca hai qua cau ta nem deu dap vao vanh rb.
Den luc do, moi chuyen van tot dep.
Lain tie'p theo, doi cua cau ta tan cong va cau ta cb' gang
thuc hien cu nem b ngoai vong. Lain nay, tbi lai va manh vao
cau ta. Khi dung day, cau ta lam bairn dieu gi do.
Ngay sau khi duoc chuyen bong, tbi nhay theo do, va luc
do tbi nhan ra, minh se nga vao cau ta. Tuy hoi do, tbi khong
to beo nhu bay gib, nhung tbi van nang hon cau ta rat nhieu.
Cau ta xbng tbi va quat vao mat tbi: "Anh choi ran qua
day. Day chi la mot cube choi thbi ma."
"Dupe thbi," tbi toet mieng cuoi, "The thi, de tbi
thang nhe."
Ban la ai hay ban lam gi khong quan trpng, tinh hieu
thang la ban. nang lanh dao bam sinh. Tbi chua tung gap
mpt nha lanh dao nao khong thich chien thang. Tbi da
khong cu xu nhu mpt ngubi lbn trong tran dau do. Chung
toi da thang, nhung tbi da khong cb them mpt ngubi ban
vao ngay hbm do.
243

NHA LANH DAO 360

Diem mau chdt la huong tinh hieu thang theo huong tich
cue. Neu ban de nen no, ban se mat dbng co thuc day hoan
thanh tot nha't cong viec cua minh. Nhung neu ban de no
mac sue tung hoanh, ban se dap len dong dpi va xa lanh hp.
Hay kiem soat va dieu khien no, tinh hieu thang cb the giup
ban thanh cong.
2. Don nhan canh tranh lanh manh
Tat ca nhung tap the thanh cong ma tbi dupe biet deu trai
qua nhung cube canh tranh lanh manh giua cac thanh vien
trong tap the. Canh tranh lanh manh rat cb lpi cho tap the,
giup tap the hoan thanh nhung viec, ma neu dung phuong
phap khac se rat khb dat dupe.
Canh tranh lanh manh la 16 ra nhung pham chat tot dep
nhat cua ban. Theo ban, se cb bao nhieu ky luc the gibi dupe
lap ra khi chi cb duy nha't mot van dong vien tren dubng
chay? Tbi cho la se khong co ky luc nao! Mpi ngubi chi hoat
dong he't cong sua't khi co ai khac thuc giuc hp. Dieu do luon
dung du ban dang hpc, luyen tap hay thi dau.
Canh tranh lanh manh thuc day danh gia chan thuc. Ban
do hieu qua cong viec nhanh nha't bang each nao? Cb the
ban co san trong tay nhung thuoc do dai han, nhu cac muc
tieu hang thang hay hang nam. Nhung ban lam the' nao de
biet ket qua lam viec ngay horn nay cua minh? Ban cb the
nhin vao danh sach nhung viec can lam. Nhung gia su ban
de ra muc tieu qua thap vbi ban than. Luc do, ban co the hbi
cap tren. Nhung cb le each hay nha't la xem nhung dong
244

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

nghiep dang lam gi. Neu ban cham hem hay nhanh hem hp,
dieu do cb cho ban biet dieu gi khong? Neu ban cham hon,
ban cb co gang tim hieu nguyen nhan khong? Cb the, day
khong phai each duy nha't danh gia ban than, nhur>g no chac
chan la mpt cube dieu tra thuc te'ra't huu ich.
Canh tranh lanh manh lam nay sinh tinh dong dpi. Khi
mpi ngubi cung canh tranh, giua hp thubng cb mpt spi day
gan ket, du hp b cung dbi hay b hai dpi db'i dau. Neu canh
tranh mang tinh lien tuc va lanh manh, no se tao ra tinh
dong dpi gan bb khang khit.
Canh tranh lanh manh khong bien thanh thu han ca
nhan. Canh tranh trong mpt tap the ve co ban thubng mang
tinh chat vui ve. Neu canh tranh la lanh manh, hai db'i thu
van cb the la ban be khi tran dau ket thuc. Hp dau vbi nhau
vi su phan khich va khi xong viec, hp cb the bubc di cung
nhau ma khong cb nhung cam xuc nang ne.
Tbi rat thich cau chuyen cubi ke ve mpt chu ga trong tha
mpt qua trung da dieu vao chuong ga. No dat qua trung
xuong cho lu ga mai va nbi: "Tbi khong muon dpa nat cac
cb, ma chi mub'n cho cac cb thay ngubi ta dang lam gi ngoai
kia." Rb rang, canh tranh chac chan cb the thuc day tap the
tien len.
3. Canh tranh dung chd
Toan bp muc dich cua canh tranh lanh manh la lam dbn
bay cho chie'n thang cua tap the. Dua canh tranh vao thuc te

245

NHA LANH DAO 360

se giup cac thanh vien trong dpi cai thien lan nhau de chuan
bi cho ngay thi dau. Neu dupe dinh hubng chinh xac, no se
giup ban danh bai doi thu.
Mpt so nha lanh dao cb the dua canh tranh den cue doan.
Tommy Lasorda, cuu quan ly doi Los Angeles Dodgers, ke
lai tran dau ma dpi cua bng dupe xep choi lupt di voi
Cincinati Reds. Sang hbm ay,

Lasorda du le Misa. Khi bng yen vi

=

Toan bo muc dich cua

canh tranh lanh manh
la lam don bay cho
chien thing ciia tap the.

^
'
Y?
' Johnny McNamara, tinh cb
den cung mpt nha tho va ngoi
cung mpt hang ghe.

t r n

h u a

lu

R e d s

Hai ngubi dan bng nhin nhau,

nhung khong ai nbi gi.

Bubi le Misa ket thuc, khi mpi ngubi luc tuc ra ve,
Lasorda thay McNamara dang thap nen. Chac han
McNamara nghi viec do se mang lai phubc lanh cho dpi
Reds. "Khi bng ta roi khoi do, tbi di xuong va thbi tat ngpn
nen." Lasorda ke: "Suot tran thi dau, tbi ho to: 'Nay
McNamara, chang hieu nghiem gi dau. Tbi da thbi tat no
roi.' Va hbm do, doi chung tbi da thang ap dao Reds vbi ty
so 13-2."
4. Biet ro la glcYI han
Du ban cb khao khat gianh chie'n thang den dau, nhung
neu ban mub'n trau doi kha nang canh tranh lanh manh, ban

246

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

phai bao darn minh khong bao gib di qua gibi han bang each
"triet ha" dbng nghiep. Neu ban lam vay, ho se xa lanh ban.
Theo tbi, khi tinh hieu thang nang tieu chuan len cao hon va
khien ngubi trong cube trb nen tot hon, thi no la lanh manh.
Con khi no lam sut giam nhue khi va gay ton hai cho tap
the, tuc la no da vuot ra ngoai gibi han va trb nen khong
lanh manh.
Khi tbi quan ly nha tho Skyline b San Diego, cac nhan
vien cua tbi rat thao viec va cung rat hieu thang. Nhom nong
cot la nhung ngubi chiu trach nhiem lanh dao bao gom Dan
Reiland, Sheryl Fleisher va Tim Elmore. Ba ngubi nay deu cb
pham vi hoat dbng va linh vuc chuyen mbn rieng, nhung
luon canh tranh vbi nhau, luon cb gang de vuot len tren
ngubi khac. Su canh tranh than thien giup ho san sang hanh
dbng va truyen cam hung cho nhan vien. Du ho hieu thang
va dbi hbi cao, nhung neu cb bat cu ai gap van de, ho se cb
mat ngay lap tuc, san sang nhay vao cube va dua tay giup
do. Ho luon dat chie'n thang cua tap the len tren chien thang
ca nhan.
Hien nay, nhom nong cot nay da rbi Skyline va dam
nhiem nhung cong viec khac nhau trong nhung to chuc khac
nhau tren khap dat nubc, nhung ho van la ban be. Hp giu
lien lac, chia se nhung cau chuyen va giup do nhau bat cu
khi nao cb the. Mbi day rang bubc dupe phat trien khi hp
canh tranh ciing nhau khong de dang mat di. Hp ton trpng
sau sac lan nhau, dieu do tie'p tuc cho hp su tin nhiem va
anh hubng len nhau.
247

N G U Y E N T A C #3

H A Y L A M O T N G l / O l

B A N

hung ta thudng muon dong nhieu vai tro vdi nhung

ngudi lam viec cung, nhung chung ta lai quen mat mpt
dieu: mpi ngudi deu muon chung ta la ban. Nha tho Ralph
Waldo Emerson da viet: "Vinh quang cua tinh ban khong
phai la vong tay mb rdng, khdng phai nu cuoi chan thanh
hay niem vui bang huu, ma la ngudn cam hung tinh than
khi chung ta phat hien ra cd mpt ngudi tin tudng va san

sang tin cay ta."

Du ddng nghiep cua ban cd hieu thang va tham vpng den
dau, hp van thich cd mot ngudi ban trong cdng viec. Mpt so
ngudi khdng trong mong cd dupe tinh ban noi nhiem sd,

248

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

nhung hp chac chan se co lpi neu co duoc no. Khi cong viec
tro nen kho khan, co mpt nguoi ban doi khi se la dieu duy
nha't mpt ngubi mong chb khi tbi noi lam viec. Va khi cong
viec thuan lpi, cb mpt ngubi ban se la mot "net diem to" day
hap dan.

HOP TAC CUNG NHAU, GIA TANG TINH BAN

Vi sao tbi khuyen ban phat trien tinh ban trong cong viec?
Tinh ban la nn mong tao ra tim anh huong
Tong thb'ng Abraham Lincoln da nbi: "Neu ban mub'n lbi
keo mot ngubi di theo ban, trubc tien, hay thuyet phuc rang
ban la ngubi ban chan thanh cua anh ta." Mbi quan he tot
dep khien tam anh hubng trb nen kha thi va tinh ban la mbi
quan he tich cue nha't ma ban cb the phat trien khi lam viec
vbi cac dbng nghiep.
Tinh ban la co sd cua thanh cdng
Tbi tin rang khong ai cb the dat dupe thanh cong lau dai
neu thieu cac ky nang db'i nhan xu the. Theodore Roosevelt
timg nbi: "Thanh phan quan trpng nha't trong cong thuc
thanh cong la biet each hba hpp vbi mpi ngubi." Khi thieu
dieu do, da so cac thanh ruu deu khong cb tinh kha thi va
tham chi, chung ta se cam thay nhung gi minh dat dupe deu
vo nghia.
249

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Tinh ban la noi t r u an khi giong bao b^t n g o
Neu ban cb mot ngay toi te, ai se la ngubi giup ban cam
thay kha hon? Mot ngubi ban. Khi ban phai duong dau vbi
nbi so hai, ban se mub'n sat canh cung ai? Mot ngubi ban.
Khi ban gap that bai nang ne, ai cb the dua tay cuu vbt ban?
Mot ngubi ban. Trie't gia Hy Lap Aristotle da rat dung khi
nbi: "Ngubi ban dich thuc la noi nuong nau dang tin cay."

LAM THE NAO DE TRO THANH MOT NGl/6l BAN?

Chac chan la ban cb ban be, vi the, ban biet each phat
trien tinh ban. Nhung nhung mbi quan he cong so khong
don gian nhu the, va tbi mub'n de xuat mot phuong phap
giup ban xay dung tinh ban noi nhiem so. Hay dat ra muc
tieu trb thanh mot ngubi ban, chu khong phai tim dupe mot
ngubi ban.
Khi bat dau tinh ban, da so mpi ngubi thubng tim kiem
nhung ngubi se dap lai no luc xay dung mbi quan he ciia
ho, va neu khong thay tin hieu nao dap tra, ho se tu bo va
tim ngubi khac. Neu ban muon lanh dao dong cap thanh
cong, ban can khong ngung cb' gang trb thanh mpt ngudi
ban, tham chi vbi ca nhung ngubi khong the hien dau hieu
dap lai thien chi ket ban ciia ban.
Khi ket ban vbi cac dong nghiep, ban nen tiep can vbi hp
theo nhung bubc sau:

250

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

1. Ung nghe
Richard Exley tung noi:
Mot nguoi ban that su lit ngudi lang nghe va than hieu khi ban chia se
nhung cam xiic sau xa nhat ciia minh. Anh ta ling ho ban khi ban chien

dau; sita loi cho ban, nhe nhang va yeu thuong; tha thie khi ban that bai
Mot nguoi ban dich thuc thuc day su phat trien cd nhdn ciia ban, giup
ban phat huy tdi da kha nang ciia minh. Va tuyet hon cd, anh ta tan

duong thanh cdng ciia ban cie nhu the do la thanh cong ciia chinh anh ta
Toan bo qua trinh bat dau bang su lang nghe.
Nhieu ngubi khi lam viec chi mub'n b mot minh de hoan
thanh cong viec. Hp thubng bat ngubi khac lang nghe dieu
hp phai nbi. Nhung rat hiem khi mpi ngubi chiu cb gang de
lang nghe ngubi khac.
Ralph Nichols da nbi: "Mot trong nhung nhu cau co ban
nha't cua loai ngubi la nhu cau hieu va dupe hieu. Cach tot
nha't de hieu mpt ngubi la lang nghe hp." Neu ban trb thanh
mpt ngubi luon lang nghe, cac dong nghiep se mub'n tie'p
xuc nhieu hon voi ban. Hp se bat dau tim den ban. Va neu
mbi quan he giua ban va hp tien trien theo chieu hubng tot
dep, hp se bat daiu tham khao lbi khuyen cua ban. Do la xuat
phat diem cho tam anh hubng cua ban len hp.
2. Tim dllm chung ngoai cdng vl$c
Frank A. Clark da nbi: "De yeu quy mpt ngubi, chung tbi
can cb nhieu diem tuong dong hon la cung ghet mpt ai do."
That khong may, vbi nhieu mbi quan he ban be noi cong so,
251

NHA LANH DAO 360

do la diem chung duy nha't giua hp. Vay giai phap la gi neu
ban khong cb bat ky diem chung nao vbi cac dbng nghiep 6
cong ty? Hay co gang phat hien ra nhung diem chung ngoai
cong viec.
Neu ban coi mbi ngubi nhu mpt ngubi ban tiem nang va
tim kiem nhung diem chung b ca trong va ngoai cong viec,
ban cb nhieu kha nang tim ra diem chung. Va do la dieu
hinh thanh nen tinh ban.
3. Ludn co mat ngoai gid lam vlc
Khi tim nhung diem tuong dong vbi dbng nghiep, ban
can danh thbi gian ngoai gib lam viec cho hp. Tinh ban dich
thuc cb nghia la luon san sang cb mat khi can.
Neu ban khong lam bat cu viec gi ngoai thbi gian lam
viec, thi mbi quan he cua ban chac chan se khong bao gio
tien trien ra ngoai gibi han cua "vu dai cong viec". Ngay
khi ban dua mbi quan he cua ban vbi dbng nghiep ra ngoai
mbi truong cong viec, no se lap tuc thay doi. Hay nhb lai
lan dau tien ban ra ngoai an trua vbi dbng nghiep. Du cau
chuyen cua ca hai chi xoay quanh cong viec, nhung chac
han no da thay doi each nhin cua ban ve ngubi do. Khi choi
trong giai bong da toan cong ty hay danh golf ciing dong
nghiep, chang le ban lai khong hpc hbi them nhieu dieu ve
nhung ngubi ban nay sao? Chang le den tan luc do, ban
van khong phat hien ra nhung tinh each chua tung bpc 16
cua hp? Hay nghi tbi lan dau tien ban den tham nha mpt
dbng nghiep va danh gia mbi lien ket ca nhan giua hai
ngubi sau do.
252

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Tinh ban dich thuc bat ke gib giac. Khi mot ngubi dang
can giup do, ngubi ban that su khong bao gib nbi: "Hon 5
gib roi. Anh cb the goi lai cho tbi vao ngay mai duoc
khong?" Tat nhien, ban mub'n ton trong su rieng tu cua
ngubi khac va khong mub'n xam pham vao the gibi ca nhan
cua bat cu ai, nhung vai trb lanh dao khong gibi han tu 9 gib
sang tbi 5 gib chieu, va tinh ban cung the.
4. C6 khleu hai hirdc
Nghe si piano hai hubc Victor Borge nbi: "Tie'ng cuoi rut
ngan khoang each giua hai con ngubi." Cau nbi nay rat
dung. Su hai hubc cb the nhanh chong gan ket nhung ngubi
khong cb nhieu diem chung lai vbi nhau.
Charlie Wetzel ke khi quay lai truong dai hoc de hoc cao
hpc, anh luon to ve nghiem nghi. Charlie luon quan trpng
hoa moi van de. Nam thu hai b truong, anh ay lam tro giang
va lam quen vbi mpt so nghien cuu sinh cung day cac lop
sang tac cua truong Dai hpc New Orleans, trong do cb mpt
ngubi ten la Homer Arrington.
Homer lbn len b Nam California, di hpc b Berkeley va da
lam rat nhieu cong viec thu vi, tham chi con la tai xe taxi b
thanh pho New York trong vai nam. Khi tat ca 14 nghien
cuu sinh tu tap trong van phong, hp ke cho nhau nghe
nhung chuyen da gap phai trong lop hpc va nhung rac roi
cua minh. Homer la mpt nghien cuu sinh gibi va rat cb khie'u
hai hubc. Khi Charlie ke mpt ve mpt viec that su lam anh
buc minh, Homer se tim ra dieu hai hubc trong cau chuyen
do roi pha trb, va ca nhom cuoi vui ve.
253

NHA LANH DAO 360

Mac du ban dau, hai ngubi cb rat it diem chung, nhung
sau do, ho nhanh chong trb thanh nhung ngubi ban. Gib
day, sau 20 nam, Charlie tin rang Homer giup anh nhin
nhan moi chuyen nhe nhang hon va lam song lai khie'u hai
hubc cua anh va anh that su biet on ve dieu do.
Neu ban luon hai hubc, ngay ca trong nhung luc kho
khan, cong viec trb nen nang nhoc va dbng nghiep cam thay
buc tuc, ban se giup tao ra bau khong khi tich cue, than
thien va gan gui vbi cac dbng nghiep. Dieu do chac chan se
giup ban cb them nhieu co hbi ket ban.
5. N6I ra suth^t ma nguoi khac khdng n6l
Mot lan khi Henry Ford an
hbi: " A i la ngubi ban tot nha't
bng ta khong biet chac. Ford
biet!" roi rut ra mpt chiec but
khan trai ban: "Ngubi ban tot

trua cung mot db'i tac, bng da

cua anh?" Ngubi do tra lbi la
keu len: "Tbi se nbi cho anh
chi va viet cau tra lbi len tam
nha't

cua ban la ngubi khoi day nhung

i i
J
t-i
pham chat tot dep nhat trong con
t

ngubi ban."
Do la dieu nhung ngubi ban
lam cho nhau. Hp khoi day va tran
trpng nhung pham chat tot dep

"Ngubi ban tot nhat

, ,
,,
,.,, .
cua ban la nguoi khoi
H

tot de? nhat trong con

* "
- Henry Ford
k

nha't. Thong thubng, pham chat tot

dep nha't dupe tba sang la nhb su
khuyen khich, nhung doi khi dieu tot dep nhat ban cb the
lam cho nhung ngubi ban la cho hp biet su that. Khong phai
254

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

ai cung san sang lam dieu nay, bai v i ho khong muon tao ra
nhung anh hubng khong tot den mbi quan he, hoac la
khong de co gang lam viec nay.
Mot cau tuc ngu phuang Dbng due ket: "Mot ngubi ban
la ngubi canh bao ban." Khi ban di ve hubng cb rac rb'i,
ngubi ban se cho ban biet dieu do. Khi ban bi cam xuc dieu
khien, ngubi ban se nbi cho ban biet. Khi chat luong cong
viec lam thiet hai to chuc hay ton hai toi su nghiep cua ban,
ngubi ban se nbi cho ban biet su that.
Bubc len phia trubc va cho moi ngubi biet su that nghiet
nga cb the la mot hanh dbng mao hiem. De ngubi khac chiu
lang nghe nhung dieu ban nbi, trubc tien ban phai gianh
duoc su tin nhiem trong mbi quan he vbi ho. Vi vay, cb the
nbi day la mot tinh the tien thoai luong nan. Neu ban khong
cho ho biet, ban khong phai la mot ngubi ban that su.
Nhung de nbi vbi ho, trubc he't ban phai la mot ngubi ban;
neu khong, hp se khong chap nhan nhung dieu ban nbi. Mbi
quan he cang than thiet, kha nang hp lang nghe dieu ban nbi
cang tang len.
Charles Schwab, khoi nghiep vbi vi tri la mpt tho dbng
epe va leo dan len chuc Chu rich Tap doan thep Carnegie
Steel (sau nay la U. S. Steel) la mpt nha lanh dao xuat chung
va rat gibi dbng vien ngubi khac. Ong tim thay gia tri cua
tinh ban trong mpi khia canh cua cube song, bao gom ca
cong viec. Schwab nbi:
Hay lam ban vai tat ca moi ngudi. Khi cd ban be, ban ludn biet cd mot
ngudi nao do ben canh minh. Chac han, ban biet cau each ngdn: "Neu

255

NHA LANH DAO 360

anh chi cd mpt ke thu, anh se thay han a khdp mpi noi". Tao ra ke thu
chang co loi loc gi. Hay song sao cho than thien va tir te'vdi tat ca nhieng
nguoi xunh quanh va han se ngqc nhien khi thay cuoc song ciia minh
that hanh phiic.
Va ban cung se ngac nhien bbi tam anh hubng ban se co
dupe vbi dong nghiep.

256

N G U Y f e N T A C #4

T R A N H

D A U D A C H I N H

T R I

pt chinh tri gia tdi muon bud'i thuyet trinh ma dng la

dien gia chinh. Trudc cac bud'i dien thuyet dng ludn
tim hieu ve linh vuc hoat dpng va td chuc cua noi dng chuan
bi thuyet trinh. Song lan nay do qua ban, nen dng khdng
chuan bi dupe. Ong vdi vang di vao khi nhung ngudi tham
du vua an xong mdn trang mieng va di ngay tdi buc danh
cho dien gia, khong kip nbi chuyen vdi bat cu ai.
Sau khi dupe gidi thieu, dng say me dien thuyet. Vdi ddi
mat sang, thong minh, dng di ngay vao cac van de chinh cua
chien dich va phat bieu rat lau. Khi dng ngung lai de nghi
trong giay lat, ngudi dan chuong trinh thi tham vdi dng,
nhom khan gia cua bud'i dien thuyet thupc phe dd'i lap.
257

NHA LANH DAO 360

Khong chut boi roi, chinh tri gia nbi tiep: "Thua cac ban,
tbi eta giai thich cue ky chi tie't lap truong cua phe db'i lap,
con bay gib tbi se nbi cho cac ban su that."
Mot so ngubi muu cau chinh tri cong so cb the thoat hiem
nhb "manh khbe" nay, du khong phai luc nao no cung dem
lai ket qua nhu mong doi. Tuy nhien, trong mot mbi truong
lam viec ma cac dbng nghiep deu biet nhau, ho chac chan
khong the lam nhu vay. Choi trb choi chinh tri b noi lam
viec la each khien moi ngubi chac chan se tranh xa ban.
Theo tbi, "choi trb choi chinh tri" la su thay db'i con ngubi
hay hanh vi thubng ngay de tranh thu gianh cam tinh ciia
ngubi dang nam quyen. Vbi nhung ngubi ganh dua noi
cong so, "choi trb choi chinh tri" dong nghia vbi su thay doi
lap truong cua hp ve cac van de tuy theo nhom ngubi hp noi
chuyen. O noi lam viec, cb the coi day la hanh vi nmh not
sep, luon thay doi lap truong theo phe thang hay lpi dung
mpi ngubi vi lpi ich ca nhan, bat chap viec do anh hubng
den ngubi khac. Nhung ngubi cb dbng co chinh tri rat de
thay doi, song co hpi, thuc hien thu doan nha't thbi de gianh
chien thang, ma khong quan tam den dieu tot dep nhat cho
dong nghiep, nhan vien hay to chiic.

HAI CACH DE Vl/OT LEN

Cb hai con dubng chu yeu cho nhung ai mub'n vupt len
trong to chuc. Mpt la cb' gang lanh dao bang each hoan
thanh cong viec. Hai la co gang vupt len bang each "bay
258

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

mini tinh ke*'. Do la each chon lira khac nhau ciia nhung
nguoi dua vao ket qua cong viec va nhung nguoi dua vao
ket qua chinh tri.
NHUNG NGUOI DUA VAO NHLfNG NGUOI DUA VAO
KET QUA CONG VTEC
CHINH TRI
Dua vao each ho phat trien Dua vao nhung nguoi ho
quen biet
Chuyen tam vao cong viec Chu trong vao dieu da
tuyen bo
Thuc chat
Nhung
gi hptot
thehon
hiensoravbi
nhung gi hp the hien
ra ngoai

ngoai tot hon thuc chat

Di
tatchat
Didubng
vao ban
Lam
Lamnhung
nhungviec
viecmpi
can ngubi
lam
ua thich
De
ngubi
dieu khien
Lam
chu khac
ban than
Hy
vpng
dua cao
len cap
Phat
triendupe
len cap
hon
cao hon
Quyet dinh dua tren cac
nguyen tac

Quyet dinh dua tren cac

y kien

Nhung ngubi dupe "cb dbng co chinh tri" bi chi phb'i boi
khat vpng vupt len thay v i khao khat su xuat sac, nang suat,

259

NHA LANH DAO 360

hop tac dbng dpi hay tinh nhat quan. Bat cu gia tri va ky
nang nao ho co duoc cung la thu yeu so voi tham vpng. Neu
doi khi hp vupt len dupe, thi nhung gi hp thu dupe chi la
nha't thoi. Ve lau dai, tinh chinh true, su nhat quan va nang
sua't lam viec moi tao ra thanh qua vung chac va xung dang,
do la hoat dong nhom tot hon va mpt luong tam trong sach.
Neu trudc day, ban tung "choi trb choi chinh tri" 6 noi
lam viec, cd the la vi ban da chung kie'n ngudi khac lam vay
va ban nghi do la dieu can thiet de thang hen trong su
nghiep. Hoac, cb the do ban khong du t u hn vao ban than
boi vi ban khong phat trien va cac ky nang cua ban khong
hen bp. Ban cd the khong cb ac y khi hanh dbng nhu vay,
nhung du ban choi trb choi nay vdi bat ky ly do nao, chac
chan ban da phan bpi lai su tin nhiem cua ddng nghiep. Va
ban se phai tbi xin lbi va tim each giang hoa vbi nhung
ngubi do. Dieu do cb the rat khb khan, nhung neu ban mong
muon trd thanh mpt lanh dao ddng cap gibi, ban se phai lam
vay de gianh lai su hn tubng cua ddng nghiep.
Neu ddng co chinh tri khong gan lien vdi ban chat ciia
ban, tdi van khuyen ban hanh xu than trpng. Cb mpt so moi
trudng lam viec dubng nhu cub'n mpi ngudi vao each cu xu
lam ton hai cac mbi quan he giua ddng nghiep vdi nhau. De
tranh nhung rac roi nhu vay, hay lam theo nhung lbi
khuyen duoi day:
1. Tranh ngdl leddl mach
Nhung ngubi v i dai ndi ve cac y tudng, nhung nguoi
binh thudng nbi ve ban than hp, con nhung ke tieu nhan noi
260

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

ve ngudi khac. Tat ngoi le doi mach khien moi ngudi trd nen
thap hen. Ngoi le ddi mach khdng mang lai loi ich nao. No
ha thap danh d u ngudi bi nbi tbi, ngubi dang nbi va tham
chi la ca ngubi nghe. Do la ly do v i sao ban khong chi nen
tranh lan truyen chuyen tam phao, ma con tranh la ngubi
hep chuyen. Neu ban ngan moi ngudi bubn chuyen, ban se
giu duoc suy nghi tot hon ve ngudi
bi nbi xau, cung nhu ve chinh ban
than. Hon nua, nhung ai nbi xau
Nliung nguoi vi dai noi
vbi ban deu la nhung ngudi s i n
ve cac y tuong nhung
sang ndi xau ban.

"

f f
8
ve ban than ho, con
nhung ke tieu nhan noi
ve ngudi khac.
n

Thu
tudng
Anh
Winston
Churchill tung nbi: "Khi nhung
con dai bang im lang, nhung con

ib i n h

t h u d n

n 6 i

vet bat dau huyen thuyen." Lanh

dao 360 giong nhu nhung con dai bang, ho vut bay, truyen
cam hung, bay cao. Hp khong xa tuc gian ve mpt ngubi nao
do vbi ngudi khac de thay de chiu hon. Neu ho gap rac roi
vdi mpt ngudi, hp se ndi thang vdi ngudi do - khong bao gid
qua ngudi thu ba. Hp ca ngoi cdng khai va phe binh kin dao.
Hp khdng bao gid nbi bat cu dieu gi ve ngudi khac khi
ngudi do vang mat.
2. Tranh xa nhCmg t r a n h cai v u n vat
Trong cdng sd luon ton tai nhung ac cam t u qua khu, cac
mau thuan dang ton tai va nhung tranh cai vun vat. Chung
giong nhu nhung "ddng chuyen ddng" quanh to chuc. Nha
lanh dao cap trung sang suot de dang tranh dupe nhung
261

NHA LANH DAO 360

dong chuyen dong nay, ngay ca khi ho co the giai quyet
chung. Tuc ngu co cau: Mpt con cho bun luon biet each danh
bai mpt con chon hbi, nhung no biet khong dang phai lam
vay. Do cung la thai dp cua nha lanh dao 360.
Gan day, tbi nhan dupe mpt email tu Marvin "Skip"
Schoehals, Chu tich Hbi dbng quan tri cua Wilmington
Savings Fund Society. Tbi da gap bng khi dien thuyet tai
dien dan cac lanh dao cap cao b Dallas, Texas. Trong luc tro
chuyen, bng ke mpt chut ve ban than va toi da de nghi dupe
biet nhieu hon. Skip ke ve viec bng song b Owosso,
Michigan va cong viec trong hbi dong thanh pho gom bay
thanh vien. Skip nbi so truong cua bng la bao quat dupe tinh
hinh va tong hpp tat ca quan diem. Ong nbi:
Tdi cd kha nang nhanh chong torn lucre cac van de va dua ca nhom len
cap do thao luan cao hon va tong audi hon. Vi the, cac thanh vien hoi
ddng tham khao y kien ciia tdi ve nhung van de sap duoc dua ra thao
luan trudc hdi dong.
Tuy biet vay, nhung tdi khdng bao gid tim cdch loi dung viec nay. Toi
san sang ndi ra suy nghi cua minh, nhung tdi van ton trong y kie'n ciia
nhung ngudi khac. Hon nua, tdi ciing lua chon quan diem cua mink
Ddi khi, cd trudng hop, hoi dong khdng bao quat duoc tinh hinh chinh
xac, nhung tdi ciing khdng nhay vao gop y. Tdi cho qua ede mot so van
de, du khdng tan thanh. Tdi gianh duoc su tin tudng bang cdch hanh
ddng nhu vay.
Skip tiep tuc ke lam the nao ma chi trong vong mpt nam,
bng trb thanh lanh dao khong chinh thuc cua hbi dong va
sau do la thi truong.
262

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Dau hieu cua su trudng thanh la khi mpt nguoi biet cai gi
la dieu vun vat - khi nao can tranh luan, khi nao nen ngoi
yen va lang nghe. Neu ban mub'n lam viec hieu qua nhu nha
lanh dao 360, ban can trau doi ky nang nay.
3. Hay ung h0 dieu dung din, dung nen chi ung h0
nhung diu ua thich
Mac du tbi cho rang nha lanh dao sang suot nen thubng
xuyen ngoi yen va lang nghe, nhung tbi cung cho rang cac
lanh dao phai ung hp dieu dung dan, ngay ca khi su ung hp
do khong dupe tan thanh. Vay, ban phai lam nhu the nao?
Ban lam the nao de biet khi nao can ung hp va khi nao
khong, nha't la trong mpt nen van hoa cb nhieu ngubi luon
hn tubng, su that mang tinh chu quan? Cau tra lbi cua tbi la
ban hay su dung Quy luat Vang: Trong bat cu truong hpp
nao, hay cho ngubi khac dieu ban mub'n hp lam cho ban.
Trong Ethics 101 (Nhung nguyen tac xu the'eo ban), tbi da
giai thich, cac dang thuc cua Quy luat Vang dupe hau he't cac
nen van hoa tren the gibi tie'p nhan. Ngoai Thien Chua giao,
cac ton giao khac nhu Do Thai, Hoi giao, Phat giao, Hindu,
Bai Hoa giao (Giao phai ton tho lua), Khong giao, dao Giai-na
va nhieu dao giao khac cung cb Quy luat Vang cua rieng
minh. Khi mpt ngubi nao do bi db'i xu trai vbi nhung gi ban
mong mub'n, do la luc ban can len tie'ng.

263

NHA LANH DAO 360

4. Xem xet tSt ca cac mat cua van d
Toi rat thich loi khuyen sau: Truoc khi tranh cai voi sep,
hay xem xet ky ca hai phia: phia ong ay va phia ben ngoai to
chuc. Du viec xem xet quan diem cua cac dong nghiep
khong quan trong nhu khi can nhac cac quan diem cua sep,

song viec xem xet da chieu mot

van de luon dem lai rihung gia tri
Truoc khi tranh cai voi
,
, ., ,
^
^,.
vo cung Ion. No giup ban tranh su
sep, hay xem xet ky tu

,'
cd hai phia: phia ong

_?
^
S
ay va phia ben ngoai
g Y i cua chinh minh.
to chuc.
g
g
h- ^

.
nha lanh dao 360 la ban cb co hoi
nhin van de tu nhieu goc nhin
khac nhau. Cac nha lanh dao cap cao thubng chi thay buc
tranh toan canh hay diem mau chb't, con nhung ngubi b vi
tri thap nhat chi thay nhung van de trong pham vi ciia hp.
Goc nhin tot va toan dien nha't thupc ve nhung nha lanh dao
K T

M>

i d o

v o n

d i e u

S U

t r o n

d i

tion

360. Khi nhin len va nhin xuong, hp thay van de tac dong
len hp. Hp b vi tri gan va cb the quan sat mpi thu tu* diem
nhin cua nhung ngubi true tie'p thuc thi nhiem vu. Hp cung
thay dupe nhung net co ban cua buc tranh toan canh. Nha
lanh dao 360 tan dung tbi da diem nhin nay de lanh dao
khong chi cap tren, cap duoi ma ca dong cap.
5. Dung bao v$ quyln lut
Chinh tri thubng lien quan nhieu den quyen luc. Cac lanh
dao cb dbng co chinh tri bao ve bat cu thu gi thupc ve hp,
264

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

boi vi hp khong muon mat quyen luc. Neu mat quyen luc,
hp se khong gianh chie'n thang. Va nhu toi da noi, chie'n
thang la dong co chu yeu ciia hp. Nhung nguoi muon chie'n
thang dau tranh bang mpi gia de giu mpi thu thupc ve hp.
Hp dau tranh cho ngan sach. Hp dau tranh cho khong gian
van phong. Hp bao ve y kie'n. Hp gom gop cat giu nguon d u
tru. Thu nao thupc ve hp, hp bao ve tbi cung.
Nhung ngubi lanh dao dong cap cb tam nhin rpng hon.
Hp tim ra dieu tot nha't cho ca nhom. Vi lpi ich cua to chiic,
hp san sang thuc hien nhiem vu dupe giao. Neu hp cb the
hubng dan mpt lanh dao khac hoan thanh nhiem vu va neu
mot vai db-la h i ngan sach cua hp cb the giup nha lanh dao
do, hp luon san sang. Vbi hp, dieu quan trpng la tap the.
6. N6i dieu ban nghT va nghi dlu ban noi
Neu mub'n trb thanh nha lanh dao 360, ban phai xay dung
su tin nhiem vbi mpi ngubi. Khi dupe hbi dau la nhung pham
chat can thiet nha't cho mpt chinh tri gia, Winston Churchill
nbi: "Do la kha nang d u doan chuyen gi se xay ra ngay mai,
thang sau va nam sau. Va neu chung khong xay ra theo d u
doan, ngubi do cb the giai thich nguyen nhan." Churchill la
ngubi hieu rat thau dao cac dong thai chinh tri b the ky XX.
Cac lanh dao chinh tri phai chiu siic ep rat lbn. Cb le do la ly
do mpt sb'lanh dao chinh tri khong vupt qua nbi siic ep va chi
nbi cho mpi ngubi nhung dieu hp mub'n nghe, chii khong
phai nhung dieu hp that su hn tubng. Va nhung ai khong
chiu nbi siic ep tao ra mpt tieng xau ma tat ca cac chinh tri gia
deu la nan nhan cua no.
265

NHA LANH DAO 360

Neu ban mub'n tang su tin nhiem cua moi ngubi, chi nang
luc thbi khong du. Ban phai dang tin cay va nha't quan. De
cb duoc nhung pham chat nay, hay bao dam dieu ban noi,
dieu ban lam va dieu ban noi ban se lam thb'ng nha't vbi nhau.
Neu ban lam duoc nhu vay, nhung ngubi lam viec vbi ban
biet ho cb the trong cay vao ban.
Tbi khong cb y dua ra cai nhin tieu cue cho tat ca nhung
ai tham gia chinh tri. Tbi rung biet nhieu chinh tri gia the
hien tinh chinh true cao quy va that su mub'n phuc vu mpi
ngubi. Nhung t u chinh tri gia, mpt thbi goi len nhung hinh
anh tich cue, nay lai mang tbi nhung hinh anh tieu cue trong
tam tri mpi ngubi.
Thay vi cb' gang trb thanh mot chinh tri gia (politician),
hay no luc trb thanh mpt chinh khach (statesman). Tie dien
Webster's New Universal Unabridged neu rb:

Nhieng thuat ngu nay khac nhau d y nghia. Chinh tri gia chi mot ngubi
v&i nhieu am muu va ke sach (dac biet la nhb) dehoan thanh muc dich
ciia mot ddng hoac cho loi ich rieng khi tham gia chinh tri; chinh tri gia
la ngubi khong trung thuc.

Chinh khach chi nhieng ngubi gidi quyet nhieng cong viec dac biet qua
trong hay vi dai ciia quoc gia, cb tdi nang kiet xuat, biet nhin xa trong ro
va cb tinh than cong hien he't minh vi dat nubc; chinh khach la ngubi loi
Trb thanh chinh khach trong to chuc la mpt y tubng tuyet
vbi. Neu ban lien tuc giu dupe cai nhin vi toan cue, khong
ich ky va cb' gang hba hpp vbi dbng nghiep, ban se nbi bat,
gianh dupe su tin nhiem va nang cao tinh hieu qua cua ban
va toan nhom. Va tam anh hubng cua ban cung se gia tang.
266

N G U Y E N T A C #5

M O
V O N G

R O N G

T R O N Q U A N

H E

N a m 1997, toi chuyen tru so cong ty t u San Diego,

California den Atlanta, Georgia. Ngay sau do, toi thay
minh can mo rong vong tron quan he voi cong dong nguoi
My goc Phi, mot the gioi that su moi me voi toi.
Toi Ion len trong mpt thi tran nhb 6 bang Ohio. Khong co
nhieu nguoi da mau song 6 do. Mudi nam dau su nghiep toi
lam viec chu yeu 6 vung nong thdn Indiana va Ohio, khu
vuc Trung My. Mudi lam nam tie'p theo, tdi lam viec d Nam
California, tai day, toi dupe gidi thieu ve van hda va con
ngudi Tay Ban Nha. Tdi da lanh dao mpt nha thd gdm
nhung ngudi xuat than da dang, nhung van khdng cd nhieu
ngudi M y gd'c Phi. Tham chi trong cac bud'i hpi thao tdi tham
gia dien thuyet, chi cd rat it ngudi tham gia la ngudi My gd'c
267

NHA LANH DAO 360

Phi. Vi the khi toi toi Atlanta, trung tam ciia cac tieu bang
mien Nam Hoa Ky, toi biet rang da toi luc mo rong tam nhin
va phat trien trong khu vuc nay.
Toi biet mot ngubi b Atlanta cb the giup tbi thuc hien viec
nay: Tien si Samuel Chand. Samuel la hieu truong truong
Dai hoc Beulah Heights Bible, mot ngoi truong da dang
chung toe vbi phan lbn hoc sinh la ngubi My goc Phi. Ong
rat san long gibi thieu tbi vbi nhung nha lanh dao ngubi My
goc Phi cb tam anh hubng trong khu vuc. T i i do trb di, hai
thang mot lan, tbi du mot bua trua do bng sap xep vbi cac
lanh dao trong cong dbng do.
Do la mot trai nghiem tuyet vbi. Tbi da gap rat nhieu
ngubi lbi lac nhu giam muc Eddi Long, lanh dao xuat sac
cua mot trong nhung nha tho lbn nhat Atlanta, Corretta
Scott King va nhieu ngubi khac nua. Tbi da cb khoang thbi
gian tuyet vbi ben hp. Tbi biet cb vai ngubi thac mac toi co
mpt ke hoach ngam nao khong, nhung hp nhanh chong
nhan ra rang tham vpng cua tbi la hpc hbi - va gia tang gia
tri cho ho neu cb the. Do la tam niem toi cb bat cii khi nao tbi
gap mpt ngubi chua quen. Trong nhung bua trua do, tbi bi
dua ra khoi dia hat de chiu cua minh, nhung tbi da hpc dupe
nhieu ve cong dbng ngubi My goc Phi va phat trien nhung
mbi quan he tuyet vbi vbi nhung ngubi ban mbi.
That de dang khi b yen trong moi truong chiing ta cam
thay thoai mai va an toan. Tren thuc te, do la dieu da so mpi
ngubi lam. Hp ne tranh thay db'i va b lai noi an toan. Nhung
ban khong the vua phat trien, vua tranh ne thay db'i. Dieu
268

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

do la bat kha thi. Neu ban mub'n mb rbng tam anh hubng,
ban phai mb rbng vong trbn quan he cua minh.
Mb rbng vong trbn quan he cb the khong thoai mai,
nhung no giup ban rat nhieu. Trubc tien, no giup ban tien
bp. Mb rbng vong trbn dem den cho ban nhung y tubng
mbi, khien ban nhin nhan moi thu tu goc dp khac. No giup
ban hpc dupe nhung phuong phap lam viec mbi va bb sung
cac ky nang. Nhb vay, ban se nay ra nhung y tubng mbi va
trb nen sang tao hon.
Mb rbng vong trbn quan he con cb ich lpi dang gia khac.
No giup mb rbng mang lubi quan he cua ban, bubc ban
lac vbi nhieu ngubi hon va cho ban co hbi xam nhap
mang lubi quan he cua hp. Tim Sanders, Truong phong
phap cua Yahoo!, mb ta trong Love is the Killer Avp (Tinh
la phan mem vupt trpi) nhu sau:

lien
vao
giai
yeu

Trong the'ky XXI, thanh cong cua chitng ta se dua vao nhung ngudi
chimg ta quen biet. Mdi ngudi trong cuon so dia chi la mot doi tac tiem
nang cho mdi nguoi chung ta gap go... Cac mdi quan he la diem nut
trong mang ludi quan he cd nhan, la dau hieu hua hen ciia cuoc dot kinh
doanh va phuc vu nhu mpt nha tien tri cho thanh cdng ciia cluing ta.
Mot so ngoi sao rue rb nhat cua nen kinh teindi, nhu Kevin Kelly (New
Rules for the New Economic (Nhung quy luat mdi cho nen kinh temoi)),
hay Larry Downes va Chunka Mui (Unleashing the Killer App (Gidi
phong phan mem vuot trpi)), tranh ludn rang cac cdng ty, to chuc va cd
nhan tao thanh, va duoc danh gid cao nhat cho mang lubi mbi quan he
ciia hp. Neu ban to chiec va thuc day ede moi quan he nhu mpt mang
ludi, ban se tao ra gid tn trudng ton (va su binh yen ciia tam hon) vuot
269

NHA LANH DAO 360

ra khoi nhieng quyen chon chieng khodn, quy tuong ho va tdi khodn ngan
hang. Ban cung se tao ra loi denghi hay dan cho nhung mdi quan he mdi
- nhieng ngudi se dan dan trd thanh thanh vien trong mang ludi quan
he do - quy luat dien hinh ciia "he sinh thai" kinh doanh, duoc biet den
la Quy luat Hieu hieng cua mang ludi quan he. Gid tri lam bung no tu
cdch thanh vien... Khi chung ta duoc noi mang quan he mot cdch day du
va hoan toan, chung ta day quyen luc.
Sanders tin rang ciing voi kien thuc va long trac an, mang
lubi quan he la tai san quy gia nha't ciia ban.

LAM THE NAO DE MO RONG

V O N G TRON CUA BAN?
Mbi chung ta cb mot khoanh vung ban nang nhung
ngubi chung ta cam thay de chiu. Nhung ngubi do cau
thanh "khu vuc mbi quan he de chiu" cua chiing ta. Cb le
ban thich gap go moi ngubi va da tap thbi quen ra ngoai va
giao du vbi nhung ngubi nam ngoai pham vi ciia ban. Ne'u
dung, hay duy tri nhu vay. Ban cang quang giao, kha nang
ban gay anh hubng - va chiu anh hubng tich cue cua ngubi
khac - cang lbn.
Ne'u ban khong mub'n cb' gang he't sue vbi nhung mbi
quan he, thi hay nghi the nay. Moi ngubi giong spi day
chun. Chung cb gia tri nhat khi dupe keo cang ra, chii khong
phai khi b yen mot chb. Gia tri cua ban vbi tu each la mpt
lanh dao cap trung se gia tang khi ban nhoai ngubi va ra
khoi "khu vuc moi quan he de chiu" ciia ban. Khu vuc nay
thubng gom cb:
270

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Nhung nguoi ban quen biet tu lau;
Nhung ngubi cb ky niem chung vbi ban;
Nhung ngubi quy men ban.
Chuyen gi se xay ra ne'u so ngubi trong pham vi cua ban
mb rbng tu 5 sang 50 hay tu 10 sang hon 100? Khi ban cb
thac mac ma dbng nghiep va ban khong the tra lbi, ban se
nhanh chong cb cau tra lbi tu mot ai do ban quen biet chu?
Ne'u cb cb ban dang tim viec, ban cb de dang giup cb ay lien
he vbi ngubi cb the giup do cb ay khong? Ne'u ban dang co
gang nhay vao mot thi truong mbi, ban cb the goi dien cho
mot ngubi quen va cb duoc cai nhin tong quan ve nganh
cong nghiep do - hay it nhat goi cho ngubi nao co ban be
trong nganh cong nghiep do khong? Ban tham chi cb the
nhanh chong cb dupe thong tin ve nhung nha hang tot nha't
trong thj tran, nhung khu nghi mat ly tubng hay mua b to 6
dau. Va vbi mbi su ket nbi nhanh chong ma ban tao ra hay
hay chia se vbi dbng nghiep, ban cang cb nhieu gia tri va se
gianh dupe nhieu anh hubng hon vbi dong nghiep.
Ne'u ban khao khat mb rbng pham vi cac mbi quan he, tat
ca nhung gi ban can lam la cb mpt chie'n lupc va mpt quyet
tam thuc hien. Ban phai no luc, song tbi cung se cho ban
nhung y tubng sau degiup cho chie'n lupc cua ban.
1. McV rbng vdng trbn ban dang cb
De ra khoi vung thoai mai cua ban, tai sao ban khong bat
dau vbi chinh nhung ngubi trong vung thoai mai? Mbi
ngubi ban cua ban deu cb mpt ngubi ban khac. Hay bat dau
271

NHA LANH DAO 360

h i "ngudi nha" va md rdng nhom do. Nhung ngudi ban
than thiet nha't cua ban ctang lam gi? Ho biet nguoi nao co
the cb loi cho ban? Nghi ve nhung ngudi thu v i ban be ke
cho ban, va cung nen xem xet
nhung mdi quan tam cua ban be.
De ra khoi vung thoai
Ho giao du vdi ai qua nhung so
mdi cua ban, tai sao
thich va nhung chuyen du lich?
ban khong bat dau voi
Tdi chac rang t u mbi ngudi ban,
chinh nhung ngubi
trong vung thoai mdi? ban cd the cb mot danh sach it nhat
Moi ngubi ban cua
la ba hay bd'n, tham chi nhieu hon
ban deu co mot nguoi
nhung nguoi ban thich thu khi gap
ban khac.
go. Va cd nhieu co may ho cung rat
thich thu khi gap ban! Tai sao
khong bat dau nhd ban be gidi
thieu vdi mot so ngudi do? Nhd hp sap xep mpt bua trua,
giong nhu tdi da nhd Sam Chand. Hay xin di theo ban be
khi hp tham gia cac thu tieu khien. Hoac don gian la hbi xin
sd dien thoai va tu minh lien he.
Ban se thay kinh ngac vi pham vi cua ban md rdng nhanh
chong trong hiep thu nha't nay. Ban cd the gap ddi, gap ba
hay gap bd'n lan pham vi quen biet. Va mpt khi ban md rbng
nhom ngubi quen biet, hay lien lac dinh ky vdi nhung ngubi
mdi quen dinh ky de duy tri mdi quan he.
2. McV r0ng ra ngoai pham vi chuyen mdn
Hien nhien tdi rat tran trpng nhung ngudi cd kinh
nghiem trong linh vuc cua minh. Tren thuc te, tdi khuyen

272

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

ban "noi chuyen ve ky nang nghe nghiep" vdi nhung ngudi
ciing chuyen mdn trong linh vuc cua ban, nhung dung bao
gio gidi han ban than chi giao du vdi nhung ngudi cung
chuyen nganh hay trong gidi cua ban.
Ne'u ban lam viec trong mot to chuc du moi quy mb,
nhieu phong ban, tbi khuyen ban bat dau bang each ket nbi
vdi nhung nguoi thupc cac bp phan khac trong to chuc. Du
td chuc ban dang lam thupc loai nao, khi cb su ket nbi va
hieu biet giua cac phong ban, mpi ngubi se cung chie'n
thing. Khi nhung ngudi trong khau ban hang va ke toan
phat trien mb'i quan he va biet dupe cong viec cua nhau,
nhan vien phuc vu va dau bep an y vdi nhau trong nha
hang, hay nhan vien marketing va cac ky su tran trpng lan
nhau; hp, khach hang va td chuc deu cb lpi. Mpi ngubi cung
chie'n thang.
3. McV rQng ra ngoai nhung thi manh cua ban
Ngay ca d ngoai cong viec, toi nghi tat ca chung ta cb xu
hubng ne phuc va bi hut vao nhung ngubi cb diem manh
giong nhau. Cac ngoi sao the thao choi vdi nhau. Dien vien
nam cudi dien vien nu. Doanh nhan thich chuyen trd vdi
nhung doanh nhan khac. Van de la ne'u ban chi danh thoi
gian vdi nhung ngudi giohg ban, ban cb the se trb nen cue
ky thien can va han che tu duy.
Ne'u ban la kieu ngubi sang tao, hay co gang gap go
nhung ngudi gidi phan tich. Ne'u ban la ngudi cb tinh each
273

NHA LANH DAO 360

kieu A (type-A) , hay hpc each danh gia cao u u diem ciia
nhung nguoi co thai dp song thoai mai. Ne'u ban lam kinh
doanh, hay giao du vbi ngubi lam viec trong moi truong phi
lpi nhuan. Ne'u ban la vien chiic, hay tao mbi quan he vbi
cong nhan. Bat cii khi nao ban cb co hbi gap go nhung ngubi
15

cb cac the manh khac han minh, hay ca ngoi tai nang cua ho
va tim each hieu hp hon. Viec nay se mb mang kinh nghiem
cua ban va tang su tran trpng ban danh cho mpi ngubi.
4. Md rpng ra ngoai cac thanh kiln c3 nhan
Tieu thuyet gia ngubi Phap Andre Gide nbi rang: "Mpt
tam hon khong thanh kie'n cb le la thu quy hiem nhat tren
dbi." Dieu do dubng nhu dung. Tbi cho rang ai cung cb mpt
kieu thanh kien nao do. Chiing ta danh gia phien dien
nhung ngubi chua tung gap dua tren chung tbc, sac tpc, gibi
tinh, nghe nghiep, quoc tich, ton giao hay dang phai cua hp.
Va dieu do that su da han che chung ta.
Chung nao chung ta con mong mub'n phat trien khong
nhung vupt ra khoi vong trbn quan he ma con vupt ra mpt
so gibi han tao ra boi chinh suy nghi ciia ban than, chiing ta
can dap do biic tubng dinh kien ton tai trong tri be va trai
tim minh. Tieu thuyet gia Gwen Bristow nbi: "Chung ta co
the tbi dupe the gibi mbi ma minh mong mub'n, ne'u mong

Nhung ngudi co tinh each kieu A rat nong v<?i, bat an, hieu thing,
khong the thay thanh thai. Ngudi cd tinh each kieu A thuong la nhung
ngudi dam me cdng viec, hoan thanh mpi viec dung thoi han va da nang.
15

274

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

muon do du Ion de khien chung ta t u bo nhung dinh kien,
moi luc, moi noi. Chung ta cb the xay dung the gibi nay neu
chung ta tien hanh ngay bay gib dieu da tuyen bo la chung
ta chie'n dau vi no."
Nhom ngubi nao ban khong thich hay khong tin tubng?
Vi sao ban lai cb nhung quan diem nhu vay? Cb phai do tam
nhin ciia ban bi che khuat boi nhung hanh dbng cua mot
hay nhieu ca nhan? Cach thay db'i so thich ciia ban la chia
tay va co gang tim diem chung vbi nhung ngubi trong
nhom. Pha bb vong trbn dinh kie'n la mot trong nhung viec
khb nhat, nhung dang de lam.
5. Thot ra khdl thbi quen thuong l
Mot trong nhung trb ngai lbn nha't cho viec gap go nhung
ngubi mbi chinh la thbi quen thubng le. Chung ta thubng
tbi cung mpt dia diem - cung mpt tram xang, quan cafe, cua
hang thuc pham va nha hang. Chung ta sii dung mpt nha
cung cap dich vu. Chung ta lam an lau nam vbi nhung cong
ty nha't dinh. That de dang. Nhung doi khi chung ta can
khua'y dbng mpi thu va thii lam mpt dieu gi do mbi me. Day
chinh la each thoat khoi vung thoai mai cua ban.
Tham chi, nhung lain ra khoi thbi quen thubng le giup
ban giu lien lac vbi nhung ngubi ban da quen biet. Mua
xuan nam 2005, hai cong ty cua tbi - EQUIP va ISS - chuyen
van phong tbi dia diem mbi. Trubc kia, hai cong ty cb van
phong tach rod, nhung kha gan ke't vbi nhau vi cung chung

275

NHA LANH DAO 360

hanh lang. Hai cong ty ciing chung nhau mot so phong lam
viec, phong hoi thao, an trua, v.v...
Van phong 6 cha diem moi van 6 ciing toa nha, nhung
biet lap hon. Hai cong ty so huu hai day phong khac nhau,
mbi day cb day du khong gian phu. Vai tuan sau khi chuyen
van phong, tbi nbi chuyen vbi Linda Eggers, tip ly cua tbi
trong gan 20 nam. Linda nbi rang su thay db'i van phong
khien cb phai thay doi thbi quen lam viec thubng le.
Cii khi nao nbi chuyen vbi Linda, tbi deu hbi cb ve tinh
hinh mpi viec b cong ty, boi vi cb rat nhay ben vbi bau
khong khi b van phong va luon nhan ra dupe cac van de
phat sinh. Nhung sau khi chuyen van phong, Linda nhan
thay EQUIP khong con ton tai trong cube song thubng nhat
cua cb nua), Linda khong biet nhung ngubi phia ben kia toa
nha lam viec ra sao. Vi vay, Linda dat muc tieu thay db'i thbi
quen thubng le: it nhat mpt lan trong ngay se tiep xiic vbi ai
do b EQUIP. Do la cong viec ngoai gib, song cb biet no quan
trpng nhu the nao.

Tbi biet nhung tu tubng cua tbi ve mb rbng pham vi anh

hubng cb the khong cb tinh each mang. Chiing chi la nhung
suy nghi thuc tien. Nhung toan bp luan diem cua chuong
nay la nhac ban nhb rang ban khong the "ha mieng chb
sung". Ban can chu dbng, dau t u (cong siic, thbi gib, tien
bac) va lam dieu dung dan du ban khong thich - nha't la
trong viec xay dung va vun dap cac mbi quan he.
276

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Toi khong nhd noi cd lan nao hoi tiec vi da ra ngoai vung
thoai mai va co gang lam quen vdi mot ngudi toi khdng quen
hay chua. Cho du toi khdng ket noi duoc hay khong co tinh
huu hao nao, hay ngudi do hda ra rat kho chiu, thi viec nay
luon mang lai mot kieu loi ich nao do, hoac la toi cd them
kinh nghiem, hpc dupe dieu mdi me; hoac dupe gidi thieu vdi
ngudi nao khac tdi thich gap. Do la mpt su dau t u vao thoi
gian - va tam anh hudng - mpt viec luon dang de lam.

277

N G U Y E N T A G #6

S A N

S A N G

Y T l / O N G

C O N G

X U A T

S A C

N H A N
N H A T

ia sir ban da san sang cho bubi hop de an quan trong

se cb sep va mot so dong nghiep dong cap tham dir.

Ban dupe sep chpn la ngubi chu tri cube hpp. Ban xem day
la co hbi tba sang. Ban chuan bi rat ky cang. Ban danh
nhieu thbi gian suy ngam ve de an, dong nao t u duy, len ke

hoach va co tien doan nhung trb ngai cb the phat sinh. Dua
vao nhung cube thao luan so bp vbi nhan vien va dong
nghiep, ban cam thay y tubng cua minh hay hon bat cii y
kien nao khac.
Vi the, ban bat dau cube hpp rat t u tin. Nhung cung rat
nhanh, chuong trinh hop khong tien hanh nhu d u kie'n ciia

278

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

ban. Sep dua ra loi binh luan va chuyen mach thao luan theo
huong hoan toan mbi. Dau tien, ban nghi: On thoi. Minh co
the cuu van chuyen nay. Nhieng y tudng ciia minh van co the sit
dung duoc, minh chi can ldi moi ngudi quay vevdi cluing.
Va roi mpt dbng nghiep de xuat y tubng. Ban khong quan
tam lam ve no, nhung nhung ngubi khac lai cho rang no rat
tuyet vbi. Hp dua ra y kie'n va phat trien y tubng ban dau.
Ban cb the cam thay khong khi phan chan trong phong. Cac
y tubng dang tba sang. Va ro rang mpi ngubi da di rat xa
khoi nhung dieu ban danh hang tuan chuan bi - "dua con"
y tubng cua ban.
Ban se lam gi?
Trong tinh hubng nay, ban nang t u nhien cua hau he't mpi
ngubi la chie'n dau bao ve y tubng cua ho- Xet cho cung, ban
da dau ru qua nhieu vao no:

Tri tue - ban da mat hang gib suy nghi, du tinh va giai
quyet van de de tap hpp, tao ra va trau chuot y tubng;

Cdc yeu to vat chat - chuan bi cho mpt bubi hpp hay
thuyet trinh quan trpng thubng mat rat nhieu thbi
gian, cong sue va cac nguon luc khac;

Cam xuc - khi mpi ngubi nghi ra mpt y tubng hp cho

la hay, rat khb de khien hp ngung nghi rang no cb
ich cho cong ty, cho su nghiep ciia hp va chuyen
hubng suy nghi.

279

NHA LANH DAO 360

Hp da qua gan bo vbi nhung y tubng do, va that khb
khan khi phai vut bb chung, dac biet la khi ngubi khac
khong lam bat cu viec gi lai cb the gianh he't vinh quang.

NHUNG Y TUONG: HUYET MACH

CUA M O T TO CHUC
Ne'u ban khao khat trb thanh nha lanh dao 360, ban phai
cuong lai ham mub'n dau tranh bao ve y tubng cua minh khi
no khong phai la y tubng hay nhat.
Tai sao vay? Boi vi nhung y tubng
xuat sSc rat quan trpng vbi mpt to
chuc. Harvey Firestone, ngubi sang
lap Cong ty Firestone Tire and
Rubber, tung nbi: "Trong kinh
doanh, tien vb'n khong quan trpng.
Kinh nghiem khong quan trpng.
Ban cb the cb ca hai thu do. Cai
quan trpng la y tubng. Ne'u ban cb y

Neu ban khao khat

tro thanh nhd lanh
dao 360, ban phai
cuong lai ham muon
dau tranh bdovey
tuong cua minh khi no
khong phai la y tuong
hay nhat.

tubng, ban cb dupe thu tai san thiet

yeu nha't va se khong con thu gi cb the han che kha nang ciia
ban trong cong viec hay trong cube song. Y tubng la tai san
lbn nha't cua bat cu ai."
Nhung to chuc thanh cong nha't cb lanh dao nghi ra
nhung y tubng v i dai. Do chinh la bi quyet khien nhung to
chuc do trb nen vi dai. Nhung tien bp va db'i mbi hp tao ra
khong roi tir tren cao xub'ng. Nhung phien hpp sang tao

280

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

"Trong kinh doanh, tien

von khdng quan trong.
Kinh nghiem khong
quan trong. Ban co the
co cdhai thu do. Cdi
quan trong la y tu&ng."
- Harvey Firestone

khong chiu su dieu khien ciia

nha lanh dao chuyen quyen. Moi
cupc hpp ciing khong phai la
"dau truong" de nguoi nay lan at
nguoi kia. Mpi nguoi tap hpp
thanh cac nhom, cac dong nghiep
hpp tac voi nhau, va vi ho mong
muon y tuong hay nha't gianh
chien thang, hp tao ra su tien bo.

Cac lanh dao cap trung cua to

chiic, nhung ngubi hb tro cho nhung y tubng xuat sac tba
sang, dang tao ra "nhu yeu pham" ma to chiic can nha't. Hp
thuc hien dieu do bang each xay dung su tuong tro giua cac
dong nghiep. Va hp se mb rbng tam anh hubng cua minh tbi
cac dong nghiep vi khi hp xuat hien, hp khien ca tap the trb
nen tot hon.

LAM THE NAO CO Dl/OC

N H U N G Y T U O N G HAY NHAT?
Mub'n y tubng hay nha't gianh chie'n thang, truoc tien ban
phai nghi ra nhung y tubng hay. Sau do, ban lam viec de
khien chung tham chi con hay hon nua. Cac lanh dao 360
thuc hien viec nay nhu the nao? Hp lam the nao de giup ca
nhom tim ra y tubng hay nha't? Toi tin rang hp lam theo mb
hinh sau:

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NHA LANH DAO 360

1. L i n g nghe t a t ca cac y t u o n g
Tim ra nhung y tarong hay, bat
dau vbi viec cbi mb trong suy
"Hau he't cac y tuong
h l de lang nghe tat ca cac y
moi deu co khia canh
tucmg. Nha toan hpc kiem trier
ngo ngan nao do khi
whitehead
duoc nghi ra lan dau."
TT~
/ , , .
,.
Hau het cac y tuong moi deu co
- A. N . Whitehead
khia canh ngo ngan nao do khi
dupe nghi lan dau." Trong suot
trinh hinh thanh y tubng,
dbng sap cua vbi bat ky y tubng nao cb the ngan ban tim ra
nhung y tubng hay.
n g

g i a

A l f r e d

n o i :

Trong cub'n Hunting for a Change mpt trong mubi mpt ky

nang tu duy tbi khuyen mpi ngubi hpc la "tu duy chia se".
Cung nhau suy nghi nhanh chong hon, db'i mbi hon va cb gia
tri lbn hon la suy nghi mpt minh. Tbi cho rang dieu quan trpng
nha't la suy nghi v i dai se nay sinh khi nhung suy nghi hay
dupe chia se trong mbi truong hpp tac, noi ma mpi ngubi dbng
gbp, dinh hinh va dua len mpt tam cao mbi. Nha lanh dao 360
giup tao ra mpt mbi truong nhu vay.
2. Khdng bao gid bang Idng vdi mdt y tudng
Theo tbi, cac lanh dao thubng bang long qua sbm vbi mpt y
tubng va van dung ngay lap hie. Vi cac lanh dao la nhung
ngubi thien ve hanh dpng, hp mub'n tien len. Hp mub'n bie'n
dieu gi do thanh hien thuc. Hp muon "chiem qua doi" hay
gianh lpi thel Van de la doi khi hp cb' siic chie'n dau de len tbi
dinh doi roi nhan ra rang day khong phai qua doi chie'n lupc.

282

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

3. Tim y t u o n g b nhung noi b i t t h u d n g
Lanh dao gioi don he't tam tri vao nhung y tuong. Ho luon
tim kiem chung. Hp chu tam va thuc hanh chiing nhu mpt ky
luat deu dan. Khi doc bao, xem phim, giai tri hay lang nghe
dong nghiep, hp luon tim kiem cac y tubng hoac nhung bai
thuc hanh de cai thien cong viec va nang luc lanh dao.
Ne'u ban mong mub'n tim thay nhung y tubng hay, ban phai
kiem tim chiing. Hiem khi mpt y tubng hay lai dm den ban.
4. Khdng 66 c tinh lam lu md myc dich
Khi mpt ngudi ban khdng ua hay khdng ton trpng de
xuat mpt dieu gi do, ban se phan ung nhu the nao? Kha
nang rat ldn la ban gat di. Ban tin tudng cau thanh ngu "Ken
vp chpn tong". Cau thanh ngu do khong phai khong dung,
nhung ne'u khong can than, ban rat de "vo dua ca nam".
Diing de tinh each cua mpt dbng nghiep khien ban khong
thay dupe muc tieu ldn hon, gia tang gia tri cho tap the va
giup td chiic phat trien. Ne'u dieu do cd nghia la lang nghe y
kie'n cua nhung ngudi ban khdng cd mbi huu hao, hay te
horn, cb xich mich trong qua khii, hay dd'i mat vdi no. Hay
dep kieu hanh ciia ban sang mpt ben va lang nghe. Trong
trudng hpp ban phai loai bb y tudng cua ngudi khac, hay
bao dam, ban chi khdng chap nhan y tudng chii khong phai
con ngudi.

283

NHA LANH DAO 360

5. Bao ve nhung nguoi sang t a o va y t u o n g cua hp
Cac y tuong la nhung thu de vo, nhat la khi 16 dien lan
dau. Giam doc quang cao Charlie Brower noi: "Y tuong moi
rat yeu 6t mong manh. No co the bi giet boi mot nu cuoi
khay hay mot cai ngap dai; no co the bi dam chet boi mot lbi
cham choc va lo lang tbi chet boi mot cai nhiu may tren tran
cua mot nhan vat quan trong."
Ne'u ban khao khat y tuong hay chie'n thang, hay benh
vuc nhung ngubi sang tao va nhung cong hien cua hp cho to
chuc. Khi ban phat hien ra nhung dong nghiep sang tao, hay
ung hp, khich le va bao ve hp. Nhung ngubi thuc dung
thubng ban roi nhung y tubng cua nhung ngubi sang tao.
Nha lanh dao 360 la ngubi tran trpng su sang tao. Hp cb the
giup nhung ngubi sang tao xung quanh hp phat trien va lien
tuc san sinh ra cac y tubng cb lpi cho to chuc.
6. Kh6ng tu ai khi b! bac b6 y tuong
Dung tu ai khi y tubng cua ban khong dupe mpi ngubi
don nhan. Khi mpt ai do tu ai trong buoi hpp, dieu do co the
giet chet qua trinh sang tao, boi vi luc do cupc thao luan
khong con tap trung vao nhung y tuong hay giup do to chuc
nua, ma la ve ngubi dang cam thay bi ton thuong. Trong
nhung luc nhu vay, ne'u ban co the ngung ganh dua va don
sue cho sang tao, ban se mb dubng de nang kha nang sang
tao cua nhung ngubi xung quanh len mpt tam cao mbi.

284

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

Toi khong dinh dua ra loi khuyen "vo thuong vo phat".
Khi ban ve y tubng, tbi phai cb mot thai do dung dan. Tbi se
cho ban mot vi du khi nao phai dep y mub'n va hy vong sang
mpt ben va chap nhan su sang tao cua ngubi khac. Ne'u ban
khong biet nhieu ve linh vuc xua't ban sach, tbi ca la ban
luon cho rang tac gia la ngubi dat nhan de cub'n sach cua
minh. Dieu do cb the dung vbi mpt so tac gia, nhung khong
phai truong hpp cua tbi. Tbi da viet hon 40 quyen sach
nhung chi dupe chpn nhan de cho hon 10 cuon. Sau day la
danh sach 9 cub'n sach tbi viet gan day nha't. Trong so do, tbi
chi chpn tua de cho mpt cub'n.
Nha lanh dao 360 Tbi mub'n dat ten la: Leading
from the Middle of the Pack
(Lanh dao t u trung lb)

25 ways to Win with People

(25 Cach chie'n thang cung
mpi ngubi)

Les Parott nghi ra khai

niem va nhan de.

Winning with People

(Dac nhan tam)

Charlie Wetzel nghi ra

daiu de.

Today Matters (Nhung van

de ngay nay)

Tbi mub'n dat ten la

The Secret of Your Success
(Bi quyet thanh cong
cua ban)

Thinking for a Change (Suy

nghi cho mot thay doi)

Tbi mub'n dat ten la

Thinking Your Way to the
Top (Nghi lb'i di len dinh)

285

NHA LANH DAO 360

The 17 Essential Qualities of a
Team Player (17 Pham chat
can thiet cua cau thu co tinh
than dong doi)

Mot nhom b Thomas

Nelson chon nhan de do.

The 17 Indisputable laws of

Teamwork (17 Nguyen tac
bat bie'n cua lam viec nhom)

Tbi chpn nhan de cub'n

sach nay!

The 21 Indispensable
Qualities of a Leader
(21 Pham chat khong the
thieu cua mot lanh dao)

Khai niem va dau de dupe

phat trien trong mpt hbi
nghi marketing.

The 21 Irrefutable Laws of

Leadership (21 Nguyen tac
vang cua thuat lanh dao)

Khai niem va nhan de la

cua Victor Oliver, bien tap
vien cua tbi.

Sach la mpt thu rat mang tinh ca nhan ciia tac gia. Tai sao
tbi lai cho phep ngubi khac lua chpn nhan de? Bbi vi tbi biet
nhung y tubng ciia toi khong phai luc nao cung la hay nha't.
Tbi thubng nghi chung hay nha't, nhung khi mpi ngubi trong
phong cb y kien khac, lang nghe se dem lai lpi ich. Do la ly do
tbi luon tam niem rang: ngubi chu cong ty khong can gianh
phan thang - y tubng xuat sac nha't mbi can dieu do.
Mel Newhoff la Pho Chu tich Hoi dbng quan tri ciia
Bozell Worldwide, mpt cong ty quang cao hang dau. Trong
nganh cong nghiep nay, y tubng la tat ca. Newhoff cb mpt
vai lbi khuyen hay ve "buc tranh toan canh" lien quan den

286

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

cac y tubng va lam the nao de hop tac voi nguoi khac ve cac
y tuong ay:
Say me voi cong viec va san sang dung len bao ve y kien
cua ban. Nhung cung biet khi nao nen thoa hiep.
Khong cb dam me ban se khong dupe don nhan mpt each
nghiem tuc. Neu ban khong bao ve y kien cua minh, khong
ai se lam dieu do hp ban. Dung de nhung van de lien quan
den nguyen tac lam ban dao dbng.
Con mpt khia canh nua trong viec chpn lua y tubng xuat
sac nha't. Rat it cai dupe goi la "tuyet db'i" that su trong cube
song. Hau het cac van de deu lien quan den so thich hoac y
kie'n, chu khong phai nguyen tac. Trong nhung linh vuc nay,
hay nhan thuc dupe rang ban cb the thoa hiep. Neu ban trb
thanh mpt ngubi khong the thoa hiep, ban se de mat cac co
hbi vao tay nhung ngubi cb the.
Trb thanh nha lanh dao 360 va lanh dao dbng cap khong
phai la nha't nhat lam theo y minh, khong phai la chie'n thang
bang mpi gia ma la tranh thu dupe su ton trpng va tam anh
hubng len cac dong nghiep de ban cb the giup ca nhom chie'n
thang. Ban cb can su say me va kien dinh, tu tin va nang luc
dbng gbp cua minh khong? Chac chan roi. Ban cb nen giu lai
nhung gia tri cot loi ban tin tubng va giu vung cac nguyen tac
khi chung bi thach thuc khong? Nha't dinh roi. Nhung dung
bao gib quen rang cb tinh than hpp tac chinh la giup do to
chuc. Khi ban nghi duoi goc do y kie'n cua chung ta thay vi y
kien "cua toi" hay "cua co ay", ban chac chan di dung hubng

287

NHA LANH DAO 360

de giup tap the chie'n thang. Do nen la dong luc cua ban, chu
khong chi cb' gang de chinh phuc ban be va anh hubng tbi
moi ngubi. Tbi tin ban se nhan ra rang neu ban de y tubng
hay nha't chie'n thang, ban se cb nhung ngubi ban that su va
nang tam anh hubng cua minh len ngubi khac.

288

N G U Y E N T A G #7

D l / N G

T O V E H O A N

Ban se khdng

H A O

lam duoc dieu gi

neu cii cha cho tai khi co the lam xuat

sac tai muc

khdng ai bat ldi duoc mai bat tay vao thuc

hien.

John Henry Cardinal Newman

o mot anh chang no lien tuc bi nhung con dau dau d u

doi hanh ha. Mot horn, anh ta di kham bac si.

"Toi khong biet tai sao tbi lien tuc thay dau dau." Anh ta

than van, "Tbi khong ub'ng bia rugu, hut thuoc, di choi dem
va an qua nhieu nhu nhieu ngubi khac. Tbi khong..."

289

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Toi luc nay, vi bac si cat ngang anh ta: "Nao, nbi cho tbi
biet, cb phai anh thay dau bub't trong dau khong?"
"Dung roi, thua bac si", ngubi dan bng tra lbi.
"Anh cb thay dau b day, b day va b day khong?" bac si
vua nbi vua chi vao cac vi tri tren dau anh ta.
"Vang", ngubi dan bng tra lbi day hy vong, "Dung roi."
"Khong cb gi nghiem trong dau", vi bac si t u ton nbi,
"Van de la anh doi vang hao quang qua chat."
Nhieu lanh dao rat giong ngubi dan bng trong cau
chuyen cuoi tren. Hp lao tam kho tu co gang lam cho ngubi
khac nghi hp hoan hao va dieu nay that su giet chet hp.
Norman Cousins, bien tap vien ky cuu cua to Saturday
Review nhan xet, van de la "nhu cau dupe hoan hao cua con
ngubi la nhu cau trb thanh mpt giong loai khac."

LAM THE NAO DE SONG "THAT"

TRONG M O I TRUTJNG C A N H T R A N H
Dieu toi te nha't ma cac lanh dao, du la CEO hay can bp cap
trung cua to chiic, co the pham phai la vat kiet sue luc vao
viec khien ngubi khac nghi minh hoan hao. Hp la nhung
nguoi bat luc. Con ngubi can cham tbi su hoan hao nha't la
khi hp viet don xin viec. Vi the gibi nay khong cb ai hoan hao,
nen chung ta cung khong can to ve hoan hao. Nhung ngubi
chan thuc, thanh that quan tam tbi nhuoc diem cung nhu uu
diem ciia minh se lbi cub'n mpi ngubi ve vbi hp. Hp tao ra su
290

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

tin tuong. Ho de gan va than thien. Ho la lan gio mat lanh
trong mot moi truong ma nhung nguoi khac dang tranh nhau
vuon tdi dinh cao nha't bang each cb'tb ra tot dep.
Nhung each dudi day se giup ban song "that" de trd
thanh mot nha lanh dao 360 hieu qua.
1. ThCra nh|n khuye't dlm
Mbi day, khi dien thuyet tren mpt dien dan danh cho cac
CEO, tbi da de nghi cac nha lanh dao hay thanh that thua
nhan cong khai nhuoc diem cua minh vbi mpi ngubi trong
to chuc. Sau khi ket thuc bai thuyet trinh, mpt CEO tdi chd
tbi va nbi, anh ta mub'n thao luan them ve lbi khuyen do.
"Tbi khong the tin ngai lai de nghi chung tbi nbi nhuoc
diem cua minh cho ngudi khac biet", anh ta ndi, "Tbi cho do
la mpt y tubng toi."
Khi tbi hbi vi sao, anh ta tra lbi: "Mpt lanh dao khdng bao
gib dupe de lb nhuoc diem hay ndi so hai. Anh ta nen kiem
soat, chi huy. Ne'u khong, mpi ngubi se mat niem tin vao
anh ta."
"Tdi nghi anh dang la nan nhan cua mpt gia dinh sai
lam", tbi tra lbi.
"Nhu thela sao?" anh ta hdi lai.
Anh cho rang nhan vien khong biet nhuoc diem cua anh,
tbi giai thich, Tdi khdng de nghi anh thua nhan nhuoc diem
de cung cap cho cac nhan vien thong tin hp chua co. Tdi de
291

NHA LANH DAO 360

xuat nhu vay la vi viec do chung to cho moi nguoi thay, anh
biet nhung nhuoc diem cua minh.
Nhung ngubi sat canh ben ban luon biet rb nhuoc diem
va nhung han che cua ban. Neu ban nghi ngo dieu do, hay
hbi hp! Khi ban thanh that thua nhan nhung thieu sot cua
minh, ban trb nen gan gui va dang tin cay hon trong mat
nhan vien. Va khi ban pham sai lam, hay nhan lbi va nhanh
chong xin tha thu. Khong cb dieu gi lam ngubi gian nhanh
hon the va cung khong cb dieu gi chuan bi cho mpt moi
quan he tot dep hieu qua hon the.
2. Xin 161 khuyen
Cb ngubi tung nbi rang lbi khuyen la cai chung ta hbi xin
khi da biet cau tra lbi nhung lai ubc la minh chua biet.
Truong hop do khong thubng xay ra sao? Mpt so nguoi
khong xin lbi khuyen khi khong cb cau tra lbi bbi hp so viec
do se lam xau di hinh anh cua minh, hp chi xin lbi khuyen
khi khong the dua ra quyet dinh Mpi viec se dupe hoan
thanh nhanh hon ne'u mpi ngubi yeu cau giup do khi can,
thay vi cb gang ra ve t u xoay xb dupe.
3. Dung lo ling nhlu den nhung gl nguoi
khac n g h i
Trong cub'n Tlie Wit and Wisdom of Winston Churchill (Su
di dbm va thong thai cua Winston Churchill), James
C. Humes da ke mot viec xay ra b Ha vien. Theo thong le,
cac dai bieu quoc hbi de trinh can ke cac giai phap, sau do
292

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

thu tubng se tra loi nhung cte xuat do. Horn do, mot dang
vien Dang Xa hoi chi trich Thu tudng Churchill va da dung
tu ngu rat nang ne. Trong luc ngudi do noi, Churchill van to
ve binh tinh, than nhien. Ong duong nhu con khdng chu y.
Khi ngudi dan ong do ket thuc bai phat bieu, Churchill chi
dung len va nbi: "Ne'u tbi coi trong nhung y kie'n cua quy
ngai ton kinh day, thi cb nghia la tdi da tuc gian."
Nhung ngudi qua coi trong y kien cua ngudi khac thudng
cb nhung bieu hien rat tam thudng. Ho mac thbi quen lam hai
long ngudi khac. Tbi biet vay, boi vi tbi cung rung la ngubi
luon cb lam vua long ngudi khac. Khi con tre, tbi thubng lo
lang ve nhung gi ngudi khac nghi ve minh hon la nghi den
nhung dieu tbi cb the lam tot nhat. Nhung cuoi cung, mdi
chung ta van phai song vdi chinh
minh. Phai mat mot thoi gian dai
tbi mdi biet viec minh lam dung
Khia canh tuyet vai
dan quan trong hon la lam hai
cua su khdng hoan hao
long va gay an tuong vdi ngudi

Z
1 u'
M"
' *
ix.
<
cho moi ngudi.
khac. Neu cu duoi theo nguoi
khac, chac chan, tdi se that bai. Vi

the^ tdi da thay doi, luon tap

trung lam nhung viec cho phep tdi ngu ngon vao bubi tbi.
Khia canh tuyet vbi cua su khong hoan hao la no mang lai
niem vui cho moi ngubi.
U

m a n

l a i

Ne'u ban mub'n duoc ddng nghiep tin cay, ban phai la
chinh minh. Ne'u ban chan thanh, tat ca moi ngubi se deu
thich ban? Khong han. Nhung gia tao khong nhung khong
khien moi ngubi yeu quy ban, ma ban con bi ghet nhieu hon.
293

NHA LANH DAO 360

4. S i n sang hpc hdi nguPI khac
Ban da rung gap mpt ai luon t u cho minh la chuyen gia
trong mpi van cte chua? O gan nhung nguoi nhu vay chang
vui ve gi, boi y kien dbng gbp duy nhat ma hp sin sang chap
nhan la cua chinh hp. Cb mpt cau tuc ngu nhu sau: Mpi ngubi
khong di cung vbi ban tru khi hp cb the hoa hpp vbi ban.
Tbi rat thich each cu xu cua Tong thb'ng Abraham Lincoln
khi bng gap mpt ngubi cb thai dp "biet tub't". Lincoln hbi:
"Mot con cuu se cb bao nhieu cai chan ne'u anh goi cai duoi
la chan?"
"Nam", ngubi do tra lbi.
"Khong", Lincoln bac lai, "No van chi cb bb'n thbi, bbi vi
goi cai duoi la chan khong bie'n no thanh chan dupe."
Ne'u ban that su mong ngubi khac coi ban la ngubi than
thien, hay tien them mpt bubc bang each san sang thua nhan
khuyet diem. Hay san sang hpc hbi tu hp. Mpt trong nhung
dieu tbi giang trong Winning with People la Nguyen tac hpc
hbi: "Mbi ngubi chung ta gap deu cho chung ta biet them
mot dieu mbi me." Tbi that su tin nhu vay. Neu ban linh hoi
quan diem nay, tbi tin ban se phat hien ra hai dieu. Thu
nha't, ban se hpc dupe rat nhieu, bbi vi mbi khi ban gap mpt
ai do, ban cb them mpt co hbi hoc hbi. Thu hai, mpi ngubi se
rat nhiet tinh vbi ban. Khi gap nhung ngubi la, tbi luon coi
mb vbi hp va do la ly do hp db'i x u vbi tbi than thien nhu
nhung ngubi quen lau ngay.

294

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP

5. Bo qua long t u t d n va t u phu
Chung ta thuong hay nghi rang khi gay an tuong voi
nguoi khac, chiing ta se co anh huong voi hp. Chiing ta muon
tro thanh anh hung trong mat nguoi khac. Dieu do gay ra rac
roi bdi vi chiing ta la nhung ngubi bang xuong bang thit. Mpi
ngubi cb the thay con ngubi that su cua chung ta. Neu chung
ta dat muc tieu gay an tuong vbi moi ngubi, chung ta thbi
phong niem kieu hanh va trb nen tu phu.
Neu chung ta muon gay anh hubng len ngubi khac, dung
cb gay ah tuong vbi hp. Su kieu hanh thuc chat chi la mpt dang
thuc cua su ich ky, va ve cao ngao chi la mpt each lanh xa mpi
ngubi vi so ho thay con ngubi that cua ban. Vi the, thay vi gay
ah tupng vbi mpi ngubi, hay de hp gay an tuong vbi ban.
Day la van de cua thai dp. Nhung ngubi cb sue thu hut,
lbi cub'n mpi ngubi thubng quan tam den ngubi khac, chu
khong phai ban than hp. Hp hbi han nhung van de cua
ngubi khac. Hp lang nghe. Hp khong cb'trb thanh trung tam
cua su chu y. Va hp khong bao gib co gang to ra hoan hao
Nha tho kiem giang vien truong Dai hpc Harvard,
Horbert Hillyer nbi: "Chu nghia hoan hao la mpt suy nghi
nguy hiem trong mpt the gibi khong hoan hao. Cach tot nha't
la quen di nhung nghi ngo va bat tay thuc hien cong viec.
Ne'u ban cb'gang he't minh, ban se khong cb thbi gian de lo
lang ve that bai." Do la lbi khuyen dung dan. Ne'u ban luon
cb' gang he't minh, dong nghiep se kinh trpng ban. Neu ho
kinh trpng ban, hp se lang nghe va cho ban co hbi. Va do la
noi bat dau su lanh dao.
295

NHA LANH DAO 360"

T6MTATCHIIONG4
CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO DONG CAP
Truoc khi bat dau hoc each lanh dao cap duoi theo each
cua nha lanh dao 360, ban hay xem lai bay nguyen tac lanh
dao dbng cap:
NGUYEN TAC #1: A m hieu, thuc hanh va hoan thanh chu
trinh lanh dao
NGUYEN TAC #2: Hoan thien cac lanh dao dong cap trubc
khi canh tranh vbi ho
NGUYEN TAC #3: Hay la mpt ngubi ban
NGUYEN TAC #4: Tranh dau da chinh tri
NGUYEN TAC #5: Mb rbng vong trbn quan he
NGUYEN TAC #6: Sin sang cong nhan y tubng xuat sac nhat
NGUYEN TAC #7: Dung to ve hoan hao

296

C A C
L A N H

N G U Y E N

T A C

D A O C A P

D l / 6 l

"Hay theo toi,

ban se duoc tang them gid

tri."

anh dao, theo each hieu truyen thong, la mot hoat dong

ru tren xuong duoi. Sep chi huy, cap duoi tuan thu.
That don gian. Ne'u ban tung lanh dao ngubi khac, bat ke
trong bao lau, ban cb the de bb qua phan nay vbi y nghi:
"Tbi biet qua roi." Tuy nhien, tbi khong mub'n ban bb qua
dieu that su quan trpng nay.

297

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Nha lanh dao 360 duoc dinh nghia ngay tu dau la lanh
dao bang each gay anh hubng chu khong phai bang chuc vi
hay quyen luc. Ho su dung phuong phap nay khong chi vbi
cap tren, dbng cap ma ca vbi cap duoi. Dieu nay giup cho
nha lanh dao 360 lam viec that hieu qua. Ho danh thbi gian
va no luc tao uy hn vbi tat ca moi ngubi, ke ca nhung ngubi
khong thuoc quyen quan ly cua minh.
Cot lbi cua phuong phap nay la phai tao ra gia tri cho
nhung ngubi dubi quyen. Vi do dbc Jame B. Stockdale nbi:

Lanh dao phai dua tren thien chi. Thien chi khdng cd nghia la co tao ra
su quan tam hay nhung hanh dong, ldi ndi "mi dan" ma Id mong muon
giup do cap duoi xuat phat tie trai tim. Chung ta thudng met mdi vdi
nhung lanh dao lam chiing ta so, vdi nhung lanh dao lam chiing ta yen
va met mdi, ngay cd vdi nhieng lanh dao cho phep chiing ta tu do. Chung
ta can mot ngudi dieng dau cd the giup moi ngudi ciing phat trien. Nhd
lanh dao do khdng bao gid hi that nghiep, cdng khdng bao gid thieu ngudi
theo. Mot dieu la Id nha lanh dao kiet xuat tao ra quyen uy bang cdch
trao quyen.
La mot nha lanh dao 360, khi quan ly nhan vien, ban
phai lam nhieu hon ho. Ban phai tim hieu ky nhan vien. Ban
giup ho tim ra so truong va phat huy toi da tiem nang cua
ban than. Ban chi dubng bang each lam guong cho hp noi
theo. Ban giup hp trb thanh ngubi vi dai hon hp cb the tu
minh dat dupe. Va ban tubng thubng nhung dbng gbp cua
hp cho to chuc.
Tom lai, ban no luc he't minh de giup hp tao ra gia tri gia
tang bang bat cu phuong phap nao.

298

N G U Y E N T A C #1

B l / O C C H A M
L A M

R A I Q U A K H U V l / C

V I E C C U A N H A N

V I E N

pt trong nhung sai lam Ion nhat cua cac nha lanh dao

la danh qua nhieu thoi gian trong van phong va qua

it thai gian vai nhan vien. Lanh dao thuong bi cub'n theo lich
trinh, de tam qua nhieu den giai quyet su vu yi hp muon
cong viec dupe hoan tat. Hp an trong "hang", roi vbi va lao
den phong hpp va lb di he't thay mpi nguoi trong van phong
khi di ngang qua. Do la mpt sai lam tai hai! Lanh dao la gi
neu khong phai la lam viec vbi con ngubi? Ne'u ban quen
mat yeu to con ngubi, ban dang t u huy hoai vai trb lanh dao
cua minh hoac vb tinh lam xbi mbn no. Roi mpt ngay kia,
khi chat nhan ra minh dang lanh dao con ngubi, ban phat
hien ra khong cb ai theo minh ca va ban le bubc cb dan.
299

NHA LANH DAO 360

Lanh dao Id gi neu

khong phdi Id 1dm viec
,
. . '
vox con nguoi?

Tao dung moi quan he luon la

tien de cho kha nang lanh dao
g
^
*
,
,
di tam quan trong cua viec tao

h j

dung moi quan he thuong co xu

huong dua vao chiic vi ciia hp.
Hoac la, hp hy vpng nang luc co
the giai quyet mpi van de. Diing vay, lanh dao gioi thi co
nang luc, nhung hp con can chii y cham sbc cac moi quan he
voi mpi nhan vien thupc quyen.
z

Cach tot nhat giup ban giu dupe mbi quan he vbi mpi
ngubi, dbng thbi nam duoc tien dp thuc hien cong viec cua
hp la de cap den cong viec mpt each than thien khi lubt qua
dam nhan vien. Khi gap nhan vien b bai giu xe, hay trb
chuyen vbi hp. Den hpp sbm hon mpt chut nhung diing vbi
bat dau ma danh thbi gian nbi chuyen vbi hp. Va, hay bubc
cham rai qua khu lam viec cua nhan vien. Nbi chuyen vbi hp
va tao cho hp co hbi bay to vbi ban.
Khi lien he vbi nhan vien, lanh dao cap trung cb lpi the
hon lanh dao cao cap, do la vi hp gan gui hon vbi nhan vien
lanh dao cao cap. Hp cb nhieu thbi gian danh cho nhan vien
hon (mac du thuc te cb the khong phai vay). Nhan vien
khong cb cam giac so "lam phieri" sep, khong bi mien cuong
khi "lay" thbi gian cua sep.
Bubc cham rai qua khu lam viec cua nhan vien la mpt ky
nang quan trpng trong viec lanh dao nhan vien, bat ke ban b
vi tri nao trong so do to chiic. Quan trpng la ban phai thuc
300

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

hien dieu do ngay tu khi con d phan khuc giua cua to chuc,
khong phai doi den luc len den vi tri cao nha't. Mot so goi y
duoi day se giup ban phat trien ky nang nay.
1. Hay ch|m lai
De ket nbi vbi moi ngubi, ban
nen di chuyen vbi van toe cua ho.
Khi ket nbi vbi cap tren, cb the
ban can tang tb'c. Mac du dieu
nay khong phai luon dung,
nhung thong thubng, cang "leo
cao" trong he thb'ng cap bac cua

Be ket noi voi moi

ngucri, ban nen di chuyen
vod van toe cua ho.

to chuc, ngubi ta cang can nhanh hon. Lanh dao dung dau
thubng cb nang luong vb han va ru duy rat nhay ben.
Ngupc lai, khi ban nhin xuong, moi ngubi "chuyen
dbng" cham hon. Tat nhien, cung khong phai tat ca moi
ngubi deu cham, nhung thubng la vay. Nhung ngubi b vi tri
thap nha't khong xu ly thong tin va ra quyet dinh nhanh nhu
sep cua hp. Mpt phan vi hp cb it thong tin hon, mpt phan vi
hp cb it kinh nghiem hem.
Da so nhung ngubi cb thien hubng lam lanh dao deu
nhanh nhen bam sinh. Nhung ne'u ban muon trb thanh lanh
dao gibi hon, ban that su can di cham lai. Ban cb the di
chuyen nhanh hon ne'u di mpt minh. Ban cb the mot minh
gat hai nhieu vinh quang ca nhan. Nhung de lanh dao ngubi
khac, ban can di cham lai de ket nbi, thu nap va dua hp cung
di vbi ban.
301

NHA LANH DAO 360

Ne'u ban cb con, ban se hieu dieu nay mot each ban nang.
Lan tbi, ne'u ban can lam mot viec gi do trong gia dinh, hay
thu lam theo hai each. Cach thu nhat, nhb con giup do.
Nghia la ban can "tuyen mo", hua'n luyen, chi dao, giam sat
chung; cb the ban con can tuyen mo lai, hua'n luyen lai, dinh
hubng lai, v.v... Tuy theo lua tub'i cua tre, viec nay cb the
kha met mbi, va ngay ca khi cong viec hoan tat, ban cung co
the can phai lam lai.
Sau do, thu thuc hien cong viec do mpt minh. Ban cb the
hoan tat nhanh tbi muc nao? Chat luong cong viec tot hon
tbi muc nao? Ban cb do buc minh khi giai quyet cong viec
khong? Khong cb gi la khi cac bac phu huynh bat dau cho
con tham gia cac cong viec de day do va phat trien chiing,
nhung chang may choc, hp "gio tay dau hang" va... tu lam
lay cho do vubng tay chan.
Lam viec mpt minh nhanh hon (it nha't la ban dau), nhung
lpi ich mang lai thi khong giong nhau. Ne'u ban mub'n con cai
duoc hoc tap, khbn lbn va phat huy kha nang, ban can phai
tra gia, mat thbi gian va nhpc sue de hubng dan chiing qua
cac qua trinh - tham chi khi dieu do cb nghia la di cham lai va
huy bb mot vai cong viec da len lich. Dieu nay hoan toan
tuong tu nhu vbi nhan vien ciia minh. Lanh dao khong can
thiet la ngubi dau tien den dich - nhung ngubi chay mpt
minh la ngubi chay nhanh nha't. Lanh dao gibi la ngubi dau
tien dua tat ca nhan vien cua minh di qua vach dich. Phan
thubng cua su lanh dao - b nha hay b noi lam viec - den sau
khi cong viec dupe mpi ngubi hoan thanh.
302

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

2. Th^ hi^n suquan tam
Khi ban kiem tra thiing thu b nha, viec dau tien ban lam
la xem lubt qua cac la thu. Ban kiem tim cai gi? Han la mot
phong bi viet tay nao do, bbi vi day thubng la dau hieu cho
thay thu gui rieng cho ban tu mpt ngubi ma ban biet. Tat ca
chiing ta deu khao khat cb lien lac ca nhan tu ngubi nao
quan tam tbi minh.
Tbi da doc b dau do la mbi nam, Cue Buu chinh Hoa Ky
chuyen phat 170 ty buc thu. Vay ma trong bien thu khong 16
nay, chi cb duoi 4% la thu t u ca nhan. Dieu do cb nghia la
ban phai lua qua mpt tram hoa don, tap chi, thong bao t u
ngan hang, thu chao hang the tin dung, thu quang cao va
cac thu khac de tim ra bbn buc thu t u ngubi nao do quen
biet va that su quan tam tbi ban.
Nhung ngubi di theo ban cung vay, hp khao khat dupe
ban quan tam den minh. Da so dac biet hai long khi biet
rang sep quan tam chan thanh va tran trpng hp vbi tu each
la con ngubi chu khong phai nhu nhung lao dbng chi de
hoan thanh cong viec cho sep hay to chiic.
3. CSn bang giua mdi quan tam ca nhan va quan tam
cdng vi$c
Cac nha lanh dao the hien su quan tam tbi nhan vien can
tim ra su can bang giua moi quan tam ca nhan va quan tam
cong viec. Quan tam cong viec the hien ban cb mong mub'n
giup do hp. Do la diem chung ciia tat ca lanh dao gibi. Quan
tam ca nhan thi sau hon - no the hien trai tim ban.
303

NHA LANH DAO 360

Khi ban quan tam tbi nhan vien nhu nhung con ngubi
dang trong, ban khong nen vuot qua gibi han. Cb mpt ranh
gibi ma ne'u vupt qua no, mbi quan tam trb nen khong phu
hpp. Ban phai khong to mb, tpc mach vao chuyen ngubi
khac. Ban nen the hien minh mong mub'n giup do, chu
khong phai xam pham su rieng tu cua ngubi khac hay khien
hp cam thay bat an.
Hay bat dau bang each hbi nhung cau hbi vo tu, khach
quan. Ban cb the yen tam hbi han ve tinh hinh cua vp/chbng
hay con cai hp, cung cb the hbi ve so thich hay nhung mbi
quan tam ben ngoai cua hp. Hoac ban cb the hbi rat chung
chung nhu: "Tinh hinh dao nay the nao?" khong chi chu y
tbi nbi dung cau tra lbi ma con de y bat cii phan ung cam
xuc nao. Ne'u ban cam thay cb khuc mac gi do, hay dat cau
hbi tiep theo khong mang tinh de dpa nhu: Mpi thu van tot
dep ca chii? - nhb la dung thuc ep. Ne'u hp quyet dinh nbi
ra, dung phan xet, ngai lbi va dua ra lbi khuyen qua sbm tru
khi hp hbi xin lbi khuyen cu the.

Tai sao ban nen danh thbi gian lam viec nay? Thuc tela
khi cube song ca nhan cua nhan vien subn se, thi cong viec
thubng thuan lpi. Chuyen xay ra trong doi song ca nhan tac
dbng len mpi khia canh cong viec. Ne'u ban biet chut it ve
doi song ca nhan cua nhan vien, ban cb the biet nen ky vpng
dieu gi b hp trong cong viec va cb co hbi giup do hp.

304

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

4. Chu y khi nguoi ta bit da*u lang tranh ban
Ne'u ban luyen thbi quen cti cham cham qua khu vuc lam
viec, ban se hieu rb han nhan vien va to chuc. Ban se biet khi
nao moi viec clang dien ra subn se. True giac lanh dao cua
ban se tang len, va ban nhanh chong nhan ra khi cb dieu
khong on.
Da so mpi ngubi bi le thupc vao thbi quen. Hp bi nhiem
cac khubn mau va thuc hien cong viec theo cung mpt each.
Khi rao bubc quanh khu vuc lam viec, ban se quen vbi viec
gap go mpi ngubi. Bbi vi ban se dupe cho la gan gui, than
thien. Mpi ngubi se ngung lai hoac chui ra khoi "cai to" cua
hp de tan gau vbi ban. Ban se nhan thay tam trang cua moi
ngubi. Neu mpt ngubi thubng ngay rat cbi mb cb chuyen gi
do khong on, thi se t u nhien tranh mat ban. Vi vay, khi ban
di quanh khu vuc lam viec, ban phai t u hbi: " A i la ngubi ma
hi sang tbi gib minh chua thay?"
Thubng thi khong phai dieu ngubi ta nbi ra, ma la dieu
hp khong nbi ra mbi am chi rang cb dieu gi do khong on.
Mpi ngubi luon mang tbi hn tot rat nhanh, nhung lai tranh
mang den tin xau. Tbi thubng thay nhieu v i du ve dieu nay
trong cong ty tu van cua tbi, ISS. Moi lan, khi chung tbi dang
cb' gang thuc day d u an hop tac, ne'u cong ty mub'n ky ket
hpp dbng vai chung tbi, hp se thong bao dieu do ngay lap
hie. Ne'u khong, rat lau sau hp moi lien lac vbi chung tbi.
Nha lanh dao 360 tai gibi luon di cham de nhin thay, lang
nghe va cam nhan dupe mpi an y.

305

NHA LANH DAO 360

5. Hay huong t b i nhan vien roi n h n vien se hubng tbi
cong viec
Nha lanh dao 360 co rat nhieu pham chat tuyet voi. Song
hp co mpt pham chat chung la danh phan 1cm no luc vao con
nguoi, mac du van luon say sua voi tam nhin cua minh va
yeu thich hanh dong. Nhung nha quan ly chi thien ve cong
viec thuong co ket cue mat ca yeu td con ngudi lan yeu to
cong viec. Nhung nhung lanh dao thien ve con ngudi luon
phat trien con ngudi - va cdng viec.
Khi ban cb gang bubc cham rai qua khu vuc lam viec, toi
muon khuyen khich ban tim ra phuong thuc ddc dao cua
rieng minh. Mot phuong thuc thuc te, phu hpp vdi ca tinh,
tinh chat cong viec va phong each lanh dao cua ban. Mpt
bubi tbi mua thu, trong khi dang xem chuong trinh bong
bau due toi thu hai, tbi tim dupe mpt v i du tuyet vdi minh
hoa cho y nay. Nhan vat chinh trong canh quay gib nghi
giua hiep la hua'n luyen vien Dick Vermeil. Ong dupe phong
van ve dpi bong cua minh, dpi Kansas City Chiefs, va ve
muc tieu cua dng cho mua bong nam do, nhung dieu do
chua cub'n hut su chu y cua tbi.
Xen vao canh phong van, ngudi ta chie'u canh Vermeil va
dpi bong trong bubi tap. Khi cac cau thu dang khoi dbng,
ngubi hua'n luyen vien ky cuu ay di doc qua day cau thu,
chuyen trd vdi hp. Ong dung lai ben canh mpt cau thu, va
hdi: "Vp cau dao nay the nao?" Va hp trd chuyen mot luc.
Ngudi phong van hbi Vermeil ve cube trb chuyen do, va
dng giai thich rang vp cua cau thu do dang phai chie'n dau
306

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CA'P DUOI

voi benh lupus . Ong nbi tie'p la bng khong chi quan tam tbi
viec cac cau thu bat bong hay can bong the nao. Ong quan
he vbi ho trubc tien nhu nhung ngubi ban, roi sau mbi la vbi
ru each cau thu. Tbi rung nbi chuyen vbi Dick Vermeil, va
bng ke vbi tbi la bng thubng mbi cac cau thu ghe qua nha de
tan gau va de hp hieu them ve nhau.
16

Dieu that su lbi cub'n su chu y cua tbi do la khi Vermeil

"tai xuat giang ho" de hua'n luyen dpi St. Loois Rams nam
1997, sau 14 nam gian doan. Cac cau thu luc dau to ra hoai
nghi ve phuong phap cua Vermeil va nghi rang bng qua lac
hau. Ong bao ho chi viec giu vung quyet tam va chb xem
dieu gi se xay ra. Dieu da xay ra la dpi da gianh cup Super
Bowl nam 1999.
Vermeil se giup dpi bong gianh them mpt cup Super
Bowl nua chu? Tbi khong biet. Nhung tbi biet chac rang,
ong da tim ra each di cham rai qua hanh lang, de gan gui va
ket nbi vbi cac cau thu. Va chinh vi vay, cac cau thu kinh
trpng bng va tap luyen cham chi vi hp biet bng quan tam tbi
hp. Nha lanh dao con mong gi hon the!

Lupus la mpt chung roi loan ty mien dich hay mot dang viem khop. No
xay ra khi cac tebao mien dich ciia benh nhan tan cong mo cua chinh co the.
16

307

N G L I T E M T A G #2

C O I

T
mau
giao
mot
thay

M 6 l N G l / O I

L A M O T D I E M

10

oi muon hoi ban mot cau: Ban yeu quy giao vien nao
nhat? Hay hbi tubng nhung nam thang ban di hoc, tit
giao tbi nam cub'i dai hoc. A i nbi bat? Cb phai do la mot
vien lam thay doi cube doi ban? Da so chung ta deu cb
giao vien ua thich. Giao vien ua thich nha't cua tbi la
day them b lop chu nhat ten la Glen Leatherwood. The

con ngubi thay dang nhb nha't cua ban la ai?

Dieu gi khien giao vien do khac biet? Do kie'n thuc mon
hpc? Hay phuong phap giang day? Mpt giao vien cb the so
huu mpt kie'n thuc tuyet vbi va nam vung nhung phuong
phap su pham xuat sac, dieu khac biet giua ngubi do va
nhung giao vien khac la niem tin cua hp danh cho ban. Giao
308

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

vien do chac han da coi ban nhu mot hoc sinh luon dat diem
10. Ngubi giao vien luon de net va nbi rang ban that ngu dot
va vo ky luat khong phai la ngubi truyen cam hung cho ban
hoc tap va truong thanh. Ngubi nghi rang ban tuyet vbi va
nbi vbi ban nhu vay mbi lam duoc dieu do.
Bay gib, tbi mub'n ban nghi ve cong viec cua minh va
nhung cap tren cua ban t u trubc den nay. Khi nghi ve ho,
hay tu hbi nhung cau sau:
Tbi da no luc he't minh cho ngubi nao? Cap tren la
ngubi tin rang tbi la mpt nhan vien diem 10 hay chi la
dua diem 2?
Tbi thich lam viec vbi ai? Cap tren la ngubi tin rang tbi
la mpt nhan vien diem 10 hay chi la dua diem 2?
Tbi de tie'p can nha't vbi ai? Cap tren la ngubi tin rang
tbi la mpt nhan vien diem 10 hay chi la dua diem 2?
A i la ngubi muon dieu tot nha't cho toi? Cap tren la
ngubi tin rang tbi la mpt nhan vien diem 10 hay chi la
dua diem 2?
Tbi da hoc hbi tu ai nhieu nha't Cap tren la ngubi tin
7

rang tbi la mpt nhan vien diem 10 hay chi la dua diem 2?
Nha lanh dao 360 nhan dupe nhieu hon tu nhan vien cua
hp vi hp danh gia cao nhan vien. Hp ton trpng nhan vien, vi
the, cac nhan vien muon di theo hp. Thai dp tich cue, tinh
than lac quan ma hp the hien trong phong each lanh dao tao
ra moi truong lam viec tich cue, noi mbi ngubi trong nhom

309

NHA LANH DAO 360

co mpt vi tri va mpt cong viec co y nghia - va ciing la noi ma
mpi ngudi khat khao dong gop cho su thanh cong.
Vdi mpt so nguoi, dieu nay de dang va tu nhien, dac biet
neu ho co tinh each tich cue. Tdi thay nhung ngudi dupe
khuyen khich va dupe ton trpng tir nhd thudng cd thien
hudng phat trien ngudi khac theo ban nang. Ne'u ban khong
thuoc so do thi ciing khong sao, thuc te day la mpt ky nang
ma ai ciing cb the hpc dupe va do la dieu bat bubc cho bat cu
ai mub'n trd thanh nha lanh dao 360.
Ne'u ban that su mub'n gidi ky nang nay, hay ap dung
nhung goi y sau khi lam viec vbi mpi ngubi.
1. Col nhan vien nhu nguoi ma hp c6 thi trd thanh
Tac gia Bennett Cerf tung viet rang, J. William Stanton,
ngudi nhieu nam lam Ha nghi si bang Ohio trong Quoc hbi
My, ludn nang niu mpt buc thu bng nhan dupe tir Phong
Thuong mai b Painesville, Ohio, nam 1949. Doan dau cua
buc thu tir chb'i ldi de nghi cua Stanton mdi mpt ha nghi si
vua dac cir phat bieu chinh cho bua tbi gay quy. Doan tie'p
theo viet: "Nam nay, chung tdi that su can mpt dien gia ndi
tie'ng, ngudi dam nhan tie't muc "dinh" cua chuong trinh, vi
vay, chung tbi mub'n mbi hua'n luyen vien trudng dpi bong
bau due truong Dai hpc John Caroll. Chung tbi xin cam on
bng vi cung da gidi thieu bng ay - Ha nghi si John F.
Kennedy." Ne'u dat minh vao do, ban cd trong dau khai
niem nao ve hua'n luyen vien do khdng? Tdi thi khdng he.

310

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Ban co mot "John F. Kennedy" tiem nang trong nhom
minh khong? Hay mot Jack Welch? Hay Me Teresa? That de
dang nhan ra mot tai nang xuat chiing khi no "no ro", song
truoc khi hp noi tie'ng thi sao?
Hay kiem tim tai nang tiem tang trong moi ngudi ma ban
phu trach. Khi da tim thay, hay cb' gang he't sue de bie'n tiem
nang do thanh kha nang that su. Cb ngubi thay bat an khi
nhan ra mpt "ngoi sao" tiem nang, cb khi con co vui dap no
di bdi hp lo lang thanh tich do se lam lu md hinh anh cua hp.
Nhung nha lanh dao 360 thi khac, hp chap canh cho nhung
tai nang do. Hp nhan thiic dupe rang nhung ngubi cb tiem
nang to ldn du the nao cung se thanh cdng. Viec tot nha't hp
nen lam la phat hien tai nang va khuyen khich phat trien.
Theo each do, hp gia tang gia tri cho nhung ngudi nay va
dbng vai trd tich cue cho qua trinh toa sang cua cac ngoi sao.
2. Be" hp "vay" nlgm tin cua ban
Nam

1989, Kevin Myers chuyen h i Grand

Rapids,

Michigan tdi Lawrenceville, Georgia, de thanh lap nha thd.

Kevin la mpt lanh dao tie thong minh, hen do rbng mb va td
chiic bao tro cua anh, Nha thd Cdng ddng Kenwood, rat
nhiet tinh hd tro anh.
Kevin lam tat ca nhung dieu dung dan khi chuan bi cho
bubi le dau tien cua Nha thd Cdng dong Crossroads. Anh
danh hang tuan ndi chuyen vdi nhung ngudi trong cdng
dbng, lua chpn dia diem "dac dia" va tim kiem cac tinh
nguyen vien san sang phuc vu cho bud'i le. Bubi le dau tien,
311

NHA LANH DAO 360

hy vong cua anh bj tieu tan khi chi co khoang 90 nguoi co
mat, mot phan ba so luong anh mong dpi. Do la mpt that
vong lbn vi Kevin tung lam trong mpt nha tho lbn va nang
dbng, anh khong nghi minh lai hanh le b mpt giao doan nhb.
Tuy vay, anh van quyet tam ben chi, hoach tinh rang trong
mpt hoac hai nam, anh se vupt qua giai doan khb khan nhat
va kie'n thiet mpt kieu nha thb hpp vbi chie'n lupc cua minh.
Sau ba nam no luc, nha thb phat trien khong dang ke,
Kevin toan bb cube. Anh tbi Michigan gap Wayne Schmidt,
sep cu cua anh b Kenwood va cung la nha tai tro dau tien
cho no luc xay dung nha thb cua Kevin. Nhu mot ke that
bai, Kevin nbi vbi Wayne rang anh can mpt cong viec, bbi vi
anh dang d u tinh dbng cua nha thb b Georgia. Cau tra lbi
cua Wayne da lam thay doi cube doi Kevin. Wayne nbi:
"Kevin, ne'u cau mat niem hn, hay vay cua tbi."
Van khong chac chan ve tuong lai, song biet on Wayne ve
niem tin bng danh cho minh, Kevin quay lai Georgia va tie'p
hie no luc. Dan dan, khi Kevin truong thanh hon tren cuong
vi lanh dao, giao doan cua anh cung phat trien. Khi tbi viet
cuon sach nay, mbi tuan, Kevin lam chu le cho khoang 3.400
ngubi, dua giao doan cua anh vao hang nhung giao doan
dung dau cua nubc My.
Khi nhung ngubi do ban lanh dao khong tin vao ban
than, ban cb the giup hp hn, giong nhu Wayne da lam vbi
Kevin. Hay coi no la mot khoan cho vay, mpt thu ban cb the
cho khong, vay ma nhieu khi khoan vay do sau nay se dupe
hoan lai cung mpt khoan lai khi ngubi ay thanh cong.
312

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

3. "Chup" ngay khoSnh khlc ngudi do lam dupe mpt
vlc t o t
Ne'u ban mong mub'n coi mbi nhan vien la mpt ngubi
dang diem 10 va mub'n giup hp tin tubng ban than, ban can
khuyen khich hp bang each "bat qua tang" hp dang lam dieu
gi do dung dan, tot dep. Dieu do that su la di ngupc vbi van
hba cua chung ta. Chung ta dupe hua'n luyen ca dbi de bat
qua tang ngubi khac dang lam dieu sai trai. Ne'u cha me va
thay cb giao bat gap chung ta dang lam mpt viec gi do, ban
cb the chac rang do la viec sai trai. Bbi vay, chung ta cb
khuynh hubng nghi giohg vay.
Khi ban tap trung vao tieu cue va bit qua tang ngubi
khac dang lam dieu gi sai, viec do khong cb sue manh that
su de khien hp tot hon. Khi chung ta bat gap ngubi khac lam
gi do sai trai, hp trb nen phong thu. Ho thanh minh; ho lan
tranh. Trai lai, ne'u chung ta bat gap ngubi khac dang lam
dieu gi do dung dan, viec do se cho hp mpt dbng luc tich
cue. No giup hp khai thac tiem nang, khien hp mub'n lam tot
hon nhieu nua.
Hay danh thbi gian kiem tim nhung dieu dupe thuc hien
tot. Chung khong can phai la nhung thu to tat, mac du tat
nhien ban mub'n ngoi ca nhung dieu lbn lao. No cb the la bat
cu dieu gi, mien la ban chan thanh khi khen ngoi.

313

NHA LANH DAO 360

4. Tin t u d n g diu t 6 t dep - cho mpi nguoi co hpl dupe
nhin nhan lai
Khi chung ta danh gia ban than, do ban nang, chung ta
chap nhan hanh dbng cua minh va thubng xem xet lai khi
lam mot viec khong tot. Tai sao lai nhu vay? Bbi vi chung ta
nhin nhan ban than theo y mub'n. Trai lai, khi danh gia
ngubi khac, chung ta luon phan xet dua tren hanh dbng cua
hp. Hay nghi xem su hpp tac cua chung ta vbi ngubi khac se
tich cue bao nhieu khi chung ta tin tubng vao pham chat tot
dep nha't va chap nhan hanh dbng cua hp, giong nhu chiing
ta thubng lam vbi ban than.
Nhieu ngubi mien cuong khong dam chpn thai dp nay vi
hp so ngubi khac coi ho la khb khao hay de bi lpi dung. Thuc
te la, nhung ngubi it nghi ngo khong he yeu dub'i hon nhung
ngubi da nghi; ho tham chi con manh me hon. Tbi se chiing
minh dieu nay qua nhung thuc te trich dan h i cong trinh
nghien cuu cua Giao su Xa hbi hpc Morton Hunt.
Nhieng tuong: Ngubi ca tin de bi lira gat hon.
Thuc te: Ngubi ca tin khong de bi lua gat hon ngubi
da nghi.
Nhung tuong: Ngubi ca tin khong nhay ben ve cam giac
that su cua ngubi khac nhu nguoi da nghi.
Thuc te: Ngubi ca tin gibi "doc" tham tam mpi ngubi hon
nhung ngubi khac.
Nhieng tuong: Ngubi nhan thuc thap ve ban than de tin
ngubi hon ngubi nhan thuc cao.
314

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Thuc te: Ngupc lai mai diing. Nguoi nhan thiic tot ve ban
than san sang mao hiem tinh cam han.
Nhung tuong: Ngubi ngu ngbc ca tin; ngubi thong minh
da nghi.
Thuc te: Ngubi cb tai nang hay luon dat diem cao b lap
khong da nghi hay ngb vuc han ngubi duoc nhan xet la kem
thong minh.
Nhung tuong: Ngubi ca tin dua dam vao ngubi khac, de
ngubi khac chi dao cube song cua ho; ngubi da nghi dua vao
ban than hp.
Thuc te: Nguoc lai mbi dung. Ngubi cam thay bi cac tac
nhan va the luc ben ngoai kiem soat thubng da nghi han,
trong khi ngubi cam thay cb trach nhiem vbi cube song cua
minh de tin tubng hon.
Nhung tuong: Ngubi ca tin khong dang tin cay han ngubi
da nghi.
Thuc te: Ngubi da nghi it dang tin han. Cac nghien cuu
xac nhan dieu ngubi Hy Lap cb rung nbi: "Nguoi nao da
nghi nhat nen dupe tin tubng it nha't."
Ban nen can nhac ngubi khac giong nhu khi ban danh gia
ban than. Dieu do khong dbi hbi qua nhieu, va lpi ich ban
thu dupe cb the se rat lbn.
5. C6 r& nhieu d|nh nghia cho "diem 10"
Diem 10 cb nghia la gi? Khi ban bat dau doc chuong nay,
toi khuyen ban coi mpi nguoi nhu nhung ngubi dat diem 10,
315

NHA LANH DAO 360

trong dau ban cb xuat hien mot hinh anh nao do ve so 10
khong? Va ban cb lap tuc bat dau so sanh nhung ngubi lam
viec cho ban vbi hinh anh do va nhan ra ho khong dat? Tbi
khong ngac.nhien neu chuyen do xay ra, bbi vi tbi nghi hau
he't chung ta deu cb mpt quan niem kha thien can ve nhung
thanh to tao nen diem 10.
Trong truong hpp phai cai thien cac ky nang, tbi tin rang
phan lbn mpi ngubi khong the tang kha nang cua hp qua hai
diem tren thang t u 1 tbi 10. Gia du, mpt ngubi bam sinh kha
nang toan chi dupe diem 4, du cb cb gang the nao di nua,
cung khb ma dat cao hon diem 6. Nhung that tuyet la mpi
ngubi deu kiet xuat trong mot linh vuc nao do, va diem 10
khong phai luc nao cung nhu nhau.
Trong cub'n sach Now, Discover Your Strengths (Ngay bay
gib, hay kham pha cac uu diem cua ban), cac tac gia Marcus
Buckingham va Donald O. Clifton chi ra 34 linh vuc the manh
cua con ngubi - bat cu dieu gi tu tinh than trach nhiem cho
tbi kha nang chinh phuc ngubi khac. Va hp qua quyet rang
bat cu ai cung cb it nha't mpt ky nang ma hp gibi hon 10 nghin
ngubi khac. Dieu nay cb nghia la hp tin rang mbi ngubi cb the
la mpt so 10 trong mpt linh vuc nao do. Ban cb the tap trung
vao linh vuc do khi khuyen khich nhan vien.
Nhung gia su ban tuyen mpt ngubi khong cb bat cu ky
nang nao dupe diem 10 hay cb the phat trien len tbi diem 10,
ban cb nen coi ho la "vb phuong cuu chua" khong? Khong!
Chic ban cung biet, cb nhung linh vuc khong doi hbi ky
nang ma mot ngubi cb the phat trien len tbi diem 10 bat
316

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

chap xuat phat diem ciia anh ta la 6 dau, ching han nhu thai
do, khat vpng, tinh ky luat hay su kien tri. Neu ban khong
nhin thay so 10 trien vpng 6 bat cu linh vuc nao khac, hay
nhin vao nhung linh vuc nay.
6. B6i xuvPI hp nhu thi hp dS datdlgm 10
Phan lbn cac lanh dao db'i xu vbi moi ngubi theo diem so
minh danh cho hp. Ne'u cac nhan vien thuc hien cong viec b
trinh do trung binh - gia su la diem 5 - thi sep db'i x u vbi hp
tai diem 5. Nhung tbi cho rang mpi ngubi, ai cung xiing
dang dupe db'i x u nhu the hp da lam viec rat tot, ngay ca khi
hp chua dat tbi muc do. Tbi nbi nhu vay bbi vi mbi ngubi
deu cb gia tri va t u each nhu mpt con ngubi va xiing dang
dupe db'i xu ton trpng. Dieu nay khong dong nghia vbi viec
ban khen thubng cho thanh tich
toi, ma nghia la ban db'i x i i vbi
moi ngubi tot dep va tich cue,
ngay ca khi hp khong lam nhu
vay vbi ban.
Theo quan sat cua tbi, mpi
ngubi luon vuon toi su ky vpng

Theo quan sat cua tdi,

moi ngubi ludn vuon tbi
su ky vong ciia sep neu
ho yeu quy anh ta.
=

ciia sep ne'u hp yeu quy anh ta. Ne'u ban xay dung dupe mb'i
quan he ben vung vbi cac nhan vien va hp chan thanh yen
quy, kinh trpng ban, hp se lam viec cham chi va cong hien
he't minh.
Trong nhieu nam, toi hpc dupe rat nhieu dieu ve nghe
thuat lanh dao t u nhieu ngubi, nhung ngubi tbi nguong mp
317

NHA LANH DAO 360

nha't la cha toi, Melvin Maxwell. Thang 12/2004, toi toi tham
cha me 6 Orlando. Trong thoi gian do, toi co lich tham du
mot hoi thao qua dien thoai. Do toi can mot noi yen tinh de
lam viec nay, cha cho toi su dung van phong ciia ong.
Khi ngoi vao ban lam viec cua bng, tbi de y den tam the
dat canh dien thoai cb net chu cua cha:
#1: Xay dung con ngubi bang su khich le.
#2: Trao niem tin cho con ngubi bang su cong nhan.
#3: Ton vinh con ngubi bang long biet on.
Tbi biet ngay vi sao tam the dat o do. Cha tbi tu nhiSc minh
each db'i x i i vbi ngubi khac the nao khi nbi chuyen qua dien
thoai vbi hp. Va tbi nhanh chong nhb rang cha tbi, chii khong
phai ai khac, da day tbi coi mbi ngubi nhu mpt diem 10.
Hay bat dau h i hbm nay, nhin nhan va dan dat mpi nhan
vien trb thanh nhung ngubi ma hp cb the trb thanh, chii
khong chi nhu nhung ngubi ma hp dang the hien. Ban se vo
cung ngac nhien bbi each hp dap lai. Khong nhung moi
quan he cua ban vbi ho dupe cai thien va nang suat cua hp
se tang cao, ma ban con giup hp vuon tbi tiem nang va trb
thanh con ngubi ma tao hoa ban cho.

318

P H A T T R I E N T U i N G N H A N
V O I T l / C A C H

M O T C O N

V I E N
N G l / O I

hi Jack Welch con lam Tong Giam doc

General

Electric, ong da tien hanh nhurig cupc cat giam bien

che lbn. Hang nam, 10% so nhan vien lam viec khong hieu
qua bi cho thbi viec. Khi do, viec nay bi nhung ngubi chong
db'i chi trich gay gat. The nhung, muc dich cua viec cat giam
nay rat rb rang, khong cb gi nhan tam, ma do la each giup
cai thien to chuc.
Giam bien che rmung nhan vien yeu kem, hay tuyen
them nhan vien gibi t u ben ngoai la each giup to chuc phat
trien. Nhung cac lanh dao ngay nay da dan nhan ra do
khong phai nhung phuong phap tbi u u giup cai thien to
chiic. Vai nam trubc, toi dpc mpt bai bao tren to USA Today
319

NHA LANH DAO 360

cho rang cac ong chu eta bat dau nhin nhan gia tri cua nhom
nhan vien trung binh trong cong ty, nhung ngubi khong
phai sieu sao nhung cung khong phai la nhan vien kem. Hp
dupe goi la nhung "cau thu hang B". Bai bao viet:

Khi nhien? ong chii khong ban tam sa thai nhung ngudi lam kem, ho lao
vao "san" nhieng "tay chien hang A" tie cac doi thu canh tranh tren
thuong trudng Nhung dan dan ho nhan ra, thanh bai khdng nam d
nhieng mat xich yeu nhat hay manh nhdl md chinh tai khiic giiea vieng
chac - nhieng cau thii hang B... 75% ngudi lao ddng lam nen tat cd
nhieng thudng bi bb quen.
N h u tac gia bai bao da viet, nhung ngubi b phan khuc
giua chinh la tru cot cua toan bp to chuc, rang hp can dupe
de cao. Tbi dong y vbi dieu nay nhung van tin rang cac lanh
dao can dua khai niem do tien them mpt bubc nua. Lam the
nao de tao cho nhom nhan vien b phan khuc giua mot lpi
the, cac cau thu hang B cb the choi b phong dp cao nhat con
cac tay chie'n hang A lai cb the nang tran dau len cao hon
nua. Cau tra lbi la ban phat trien hp.
De lanh dao gibi thi hoan thanh cong viec la chua du.
Hoan thanh cong viec dupe coi la mpt thanh tuu, hoan
thanh cong viec thong qua ngubi khac giup ban trb thanh
nha quan ly. Phat trien nhan vien de hp phat huy toi da tiem
nang va hoan thanh cong viec b muc cao nhat khien ban trb
thanh lanh dao xuat chung. Khi ban phat trien nhan vien, hp
se thuc hien cong viec tot hon. Ca ban va to chuc cung dat
dupe ket qua tot hon. Mpi ngubi deu cb lpi. Ket qua la gi?
Ban trb thanh mau lanh dao luon thu hut dupe nhung ngubi
gibi giang quanh minh nhb nang tam nhan vien len cao hon.
320

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

PHAT TRIEN N H A N V I E N BANG CACH NAO?
Truoc khi dua ra nhung goi y ve phuong phap phat trien
con nguoi, toi can nhan manh su khac biet giua trang bi cho
nhan vien va phat trien ho. Khi ban trang bi cho nhan vien,
ban day cho hp biet each thuc hien mot cong viec. Chi cho ai
do each su dung mpt loai may mbc, thiet bi nao do, do la
trang bi. Day hp each ban hang, do la trang bj. Hua'n luyen
mpt quy trinh lam viec, do la

trang bi. D i nhien la ban phai

,
,~
*^ i ,.Ai
Khi ban trang bi cho
trang bi cho nhan vien de ho biet
, , , * ,
,

nhan vien, ban day cho

cach lam. Huan luyen tac nghiep
,
' .
o r
no met each thuc hien
cho nhan vien nen la mpt thbi
mot cdng viec
quen cua cac cap lanh dao (mac
du tbi biet khong phai ai cung
lam dupe dieu nay).
Phat trien thi lai khac. Khi ban phat trien ngubi khac, ban
dang giup hp vbi t u each ca nhan. Ban dang giup hp trau doi
J

nhung pham chat ca nhan cb ich trong nhieu linh vuc cua
cupc song chu khong chi trong pham vi cong viec. Khi ban
giup ai do tu duong ky luat ban than hay ren luyen thai dp
tich cue, do la phat trien. Giup hp quan ly thai gian hieu
qua, hay cai thien ky nang lam viec voi ngubi khac, do la
phat trien. Huah luyen nang cao kha nang lanh dao, do la
phat trien. Dieu tbi nhan thay la nhieu lanh dao khong quan
niem rang viec phat trien nguoi khac la can thiet. Hp mac
dinh cho rang nhan vien phai t u lo ve su phat trien cua ban
than. Tuy nhien, hp khong nhan ra rang, phat trien luon
321

NHA LANH DAO 360"

duoc tra cong cao hon rat nhieu so voi trang bi, vi no giup
mot ngubi tien bb toan dien va nang len mpt tam cao mbi.
Phat trien ngubi khac la viec khb khan nhung rat dang
gia. Ne'u ban mub'n phat trien con ngubi thi day la nhung
viec can lam:
1. Nhin nhan su phat trleYi la mpt qua trinh dai lau
Trang bj la mot qua trinh nhanh chong va "thang tien".
Hau het nhan vien deu cb the hpc viec rat nhanh chong. Tiiy
tinh chat cong viec, hp cb the hpc viec trong vai gib, vai ngay
hay vai thang. Phat trien mpt con ngubi dbi hbi thbi gian dai
hon. Tai sao u? V i no dbi hbi su thay dbi tu phia ngubi do.
Ban khong the nong vbi, ngubi xua da nbi: "Due toe bat
dat". Hay cb the minh hoa bang hinh anh ngubi phu nu can
mang thai 9 thang 10 ngay mbi sinh ha dupe mpt em be, du
cb bao nhieu ngubn lire hay cong nghe tbi tan thi ban cung
khong the "san xuat" ra mpt con ngubi binh thubng chi
trong ba thang.
Khi ban tiep can viec phat trien nhan vien, hay coi day la
mpt qua trinh thubng xuyen va lien tuc. Khi tbi con lam muc
su chinh, chu le b nha thb Skyline tai Giao xu San Diego, toi
da uu tien viec phat trien nhan vien len hang dau. Tbi
thubng danh thbi gian hua'n luyen nhan vien, cb ngubi thi
lam theo hinh thuc mpt kem mpt, con chu yeu la nhung bubi
hua'n luyen dinh ky hang thang cho toan nhom. Nbi dung
tap trung vao nhung ky nang cb the giup hp trb thanh lanh
dao. Tbi da thuc hien viec nav deu dan trong suot 10 nam.
322

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Ban cung nen dat ke hoach phat trien nhung nhan vien
lam viec cho minh, dua viec nay vao lich lam viec va thuc
hien thuong xuyen, lien tuc. Ban
co the de nghi cac nhan vien
trong nhom doc mpt cuon sach
i
Z
'
- A- i _
-i t ,1 t
di nhitng thie minh
nao do trong mot hoac hai thang
,,
, ,
, ,
, , , .
,
khong co. Vi vay, muon
roi cung thao luan. Ban co the
->
Ln '

phat trien nguoi khac,

true tiep giang day, gui hp den
cac hpi thao hoac hpi nghi khong ngieng hoan thien.
chuyen de. Hay tien hanh viec
nay bang each rieng cua ban. Va
dung quen chung ta khong the cho di nhung thu ma minh
khong cb. Vi vay, muon phat trien ngubi khac, ban than
cung phai khong ngung hoan thien.
C

k h S n

c u n g

2. Kham pha utrc mava khat vpng cua m6l ngudi

Khi trang bi cho mpt ngubi, chung ta dua tren nhu cau
ciia ban than hoac cong ty. Ban day hp mpt ky nang don
gian vi mub'n hp dung no de hoan thanh cong viec ma ban
giao cho. Trai lai, phat trien con ngubi dua tren nhu cau cua
hp. Ban cho hp nhung thii hp can de hp lam viec hieu qua
hon. De lam tot dieu nay, ban can hieu dupe ubc mo va
nguyen vpng ciia nhan vien.
Walter Lippmann, sang lap vien cua to New Republic, nbi:
"Bb qua khat vpng ciia mpt ngubi la ban dang bb qua chinh
cpi nguon siic manh ciia ngubi do."

323

NHA LANH DAO 360

Doi voi moi ngudi, uoc mo la
"Bo qua khat vong cua
mot nguoi la ban dang
bo qua chinh coi nguon
site manh ciia nguoi do."

"Y
P
g luong".
Neu ho dam me hoan thanh
nguyen vpng cua minh, hp se co
5
^png g j

c h i e c

n g u

mi

h a t

n 5 n

- Walter Lippmann

neu ban biet dupe udc mo do,

dong thoi giup hp phat trien theo
hudng bie'n nhung udc mo do trb
thanh hien thuc thi that tuyet. Nhu vay, ban khdng nhung
da khai thac duoc nguon nang luong do ma con cd kha nang
tie'p them cho no.
Dang tie'e, cb nhung lanh dao khong thich thay ngubi
khac theo dudi udc mo vi dieu do nhac nhd thuc tai con xa
vbi cua hp khi nhin ve cube song trong mo. He qua la, tuyp
lanh dao nay thudng dung ly le de co khuyen mpi ngudi tir
bd udc mo, het nhu hp da thuyet phuc ban than.
Ne'u mpt ngay, ban cam thay khb chiu khi thay ai do theo
dudi udc mo va thuyet phuc ho dung vien vong nua, do la
luc ban can nhin lai minh va khoi day bau nhiet huyet mpt
thoi dd'i vdi nhung giac mo va khoi ddng lai qua trinh bie'n
chung thanh hien thuc. Khi vi tubng hpc tap, trau ddi, tien
bp va nhiet thanh theo dudi udc mo, dng ta de giup ngubi
linh theo duoi udc mo cua hp.
3. Din dcit moi ngucrl theo each rieng bl$t
Mpt trong nhung sai lam cua cac sep mdi la xu hudng
quan ly mpi nhan vien theo cung mpt each. Hay nhin thang
324

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

vao van de nay. Moi ngudi khong phan ung giong nhau
trudc moi su viec, hien tuong. Ddng y la ban nen nha't quan
trong cac moi quan he, ctd la nen ddi xu tu te'va ton trong tat
ca moi ngudi, nhung dan dat ho thi lai khac, dung hy vong
co the su dung mdi mot chien lupc cho tat ca.
Ban can tim ra nhung "cong
tac" cho moi bong den rieng biet.
Trong nhom nhan vien, cb ngubi
thich cong viec cb tinh thu thach,
cb ngubi ban lai phai cam tay chi
viec, ngubi thi muon ke hoach
phai dupe lap san de chi viec
thuc hien, ngudi khac lai thay cb
cam hung hon khi dupe t u lap ke

Neu muon trd thanh nhd

lanh dao 360, ban can
tao cho minh mot phong
cdch lanh dao linh hoat,
theo cdch md nhan vien
muon, chu dung bat ho
phai thich nghi vdi mot
le ldi cung nhac.

hoach. Ngubi thi cu phai theo dbi

sat mdi chiu lam viec, ngudi khac
lai lam viec tot hon khi dupe tu do. Ne'u mub'n trb thanh nha
lanh dao 360, ban can tao cho minh mpt phong each lanh
dao linh hoat, thich nghi vdi nhu cau dupe lanh dao theo
each ma nhan vien muon chu dung bat hp phai thich nghi
vdi mpt le lbi cung nhac.
4. Gin kt muc tieu c nhan vol muc tieu cua
c6ng ty
Gia su ban phai len danh sach nhung viec can lam de
phat trien mpt nhan vien nhung no lai khong lien quan den
nhung cong viec can dupe hoan tat ma cong ty giao cho
325

NHA LANH DAO 360

nhom. Cach tot nhat tranh rac roi nay la su* dung cang nhieu
cang tot nhung muc tieu cua cong ty long ghep vao su phat
trien cua ca nhan. Hay tuong tuong nhung tinh huong sau:

Khi tinh the toi te cho ca nhan va to chuc - moi nguoi

deu that bai;

Khi tinh the tot cho ca nhan va toi te cho to chuc - to

chuc that bai;

Khi tinh the tbi te cho ca nhan va to chiic - ca nhan

that bai;

Khi tinh the tot cho ca nhan va tot cho to chiic - moi
ngubi deu thanh cong.

Doc den day, cb the ban se thay "don gian den ngo ngan",
nhung xin hay de y diem nay, vien canh duy nhat khong co
that bai nao la khi dieu tot dep xay den vbi cong ty va vbi
nhan vien. Day la cong thuc cho thanh cong ben vung.
De tao ra thanh cong kieu nay, can cb du ba thanh to:
Muc dich: Hay tim ra mang cong viec tao ra gia tri gia
tang cho cong ty, hay nbi each khac, cong ty can lam
them nhung gi de cb the tao ra lpi the;

The manh: Nhan vien nao trong nhom cb the manh

phu hop can dupe phat huy. The manh do khi phat
huy trong cong viec tren cb the tao ra thanh qua cao
giup cong ty dat muc tieu chung;

326

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Co hoi: Khi eta xac dinh duoc co hpi, hay ho trp toi da
thoi gian, tien bac va nhung nguon luc khac giup nhan
vien do thanh cong.
Ban cang thubng xuyen tao ra nhung co hbi trung khbp
nhu the, cang cb nhieu co hbi tao ra thanh cong cho tat ca
cac ben: cong ty, nhan vien va tat nhien la cho chinh ban.
5. Giup nhan vien hieu ro bin than
Nhung luan diem cua tbi luon xoay quanh nguyen ly:
Ne'u chi dua vao ban than thi con ngubi khong biet he't ve
chinh ban than minh. Mpt ngubi khong the nhan ra tiem
nang cua minh cho den khi nhan ra vi tri hien tai cua minh.
Nbi each khac, mpt ngubi se khong the biet dupe minh cb
kha nang di den dau neu chua nhan ra minh dang b dau.
Max DePee, Chu tich danh d u cua Herman Miller, Inc. va
la thanh vien cua National Business Hall of Fame (Cau lac
bp lanh dao cac cong ty tung lot vao danh sach Fortune 500)
nbi rang, viec quan trpng dau tien la phai giup nhan vien
danh gia dupe hp dang b muc dp nao, diem manh, diem yeu
ciia hp la gi. Viec xac dinh dupe kha nang thuc te cua mpt
ngubi la dieu quan trpng nha't khi chung ta mub'n giup ho.
6. Sin sang trao ddi thing thin
Chiing ta khong dat dupe su phat trien nao ne'u thieu
nhung bai hoc dat gia. Duong nhu mpi su truong thanh deu
la thanh qua cua viec chung ta phan ling tich cue vbi nhung

327

NHA LANH DAO 360

dieu tieu cue. Khi gap kho khan trong mot cong viec nao do,
chiing ta cang can quyet tam thuc hien no. Chang duong se
co nhieu chong gai, nhung neu can phai tra gia nao do cho
su trucing thanh thi cung rat xiing dang.
Lanh dao gioi thuong san sang duong dau voi nhung
cuoc giao tie'p kho khan voi nhan vien nham khoi dong qua
trinh phat trien chinh nhung nguoi do.
Toi duoc nghe ke ve mpt cuu quan nhan M y lam viec
trong mpt cong ty thuoc danh sach Fortune 500. Ong la
nguoi co thanh tich lam viec tot, thai dp tich cue, day dan
kinh nghiem. Nhung trong khi cong ty thudng xuyen phai
kiem tim nhung ngudi cd tiem nang de bo sung vao hang
ngu quan ly, he't lan nay den lain khac, hp khong he mang
den bng. Vay van de nam d dau?
Cuu quan nhan do cd rmung thoi quen lap di khien
nhung ngudi xung quanh cam thay khd chiu. Khi cang
thang, bng chi am ir trong mieng. Khi bdi rb'i, dng ngoi len
tay minh. Ong khdng y thuc dupe hanh ddng cua minh, va
khdng cd ai chi ra cho dng nhung thbi quen gay mat tap
trung va thieu chuyen nghiep ay. Mpi ngudi chi don gian
gat bng ra ria vi coi bng nhu mpt ke lap di.
That may man, cud'i cung, ngudi dan bng do cung dupe
lam viec vdi mpt cap tren san sang trd chuyen thang than.
Nha lanh dao giup bng y thuc van de, tu bd thoi quen lap di
va hien tai, dng la mpt lanh dao cao cap ciia cdng ty.
Khi ban cd y dinh tri hoan mpt cupc nbi chuyen khd khan,
ban can tu hdi: " A i se bi ton thuong ne'u nbi ra dieu nay?
328

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Ngubi kia? Hay toi?" Ne'u cau tra loi la ban than ban, thi ban
rat ich ky. Lanh dao gibi biet vuot qua nhung cube tranh
luan khb chiu v i lpi ich cua nhan vien va to chuc. Ban can
ghi nhb them mpt dieu la nhan vien se hoan thanh nhung
nhiem vu that khb khan ne'u cb niem tin la sep mub'n lam
viec vbi minh.
7. Tuyen duong nhung thanh tich chfnh nghia
Cac lanh-dao-phat-trien-con-ngubi thubng mong mub'n
nhan vien duoi quyen dat dupe nhieu thanh tuu. Nhung
thanh tuu theo hoach dinh chie'n lupc thi cang cb gia tri cao.
Hay cb' gang hubng thanh qua ve phia ma ban mub'n hp dat
tbi, theo each ma ban mub'n. Dieu nay giong nhu viec hp
vua phat trien ban than vua dupe thubng. Hp se ham hb
thuc hanh theo dung "giao an" cua ban.
Cach ban len ke hoach cho
nhung thanh tuu nay vb cung
quan trpng. Mpt chie'n cong tot
khi no khong chi dat dupe muc
. .
* .
,
tieu ma con phai dai dien cho
chinh nghia. Khi ai do thuc hien
mpt hanh dbng sai trai nhung,

Ban than kinh nghiem

f"
thay cua chung ta.
*

-
c

t r &

bang each nao do, van dem lai ket qua dung, neu ban ca
tung ket qua nay, ban dang (vo tinh) xay dung ngubi do
thanh mpt con ngubi that bai. Ban than kinh nghiem chua
du trb thanh ngubi thay cua chung ta. Kinh-nghiem-dupcchiem-nghiem moi that su la mpt ngubi thay.
329

NHA LANH DAO 360

Voi cuong vi lanh dao, ban can xem xet nhung trai
nghiem nao se dan den thanh cong dich thuc, nham giup
nhung ngubi di theo hoc duoc nhung bai hpc quy gia de
thanh cong.
8. Hua'n luyn nhan vien tr6 thanh lanh dao
Trong bbi canh cua cac to chuc, khong co qua trinh phat
trien nao ma khong bao gom su phat trien nang luc lanh
dao. Nhan vien cang the hien xuat sac vai trb lanh dao, kha
nang hp anh hubng va giup cho su phat trien cua to chiic
cang lbn. De phat trien ky nang nay, chung ta khong chi
dung b viec day nhung khoa hpc ve nghe thuat lanh dao hay
yeu cau hp doc sach. Chung ta can dua hp vao mpt chuong
trinh phat trien, ma qua do, hp linh hpi du hanh trang, dung
cam bubc vao the gibi lanh dao.
Cach huu hieu nha't ma tbi biet la hua'n luyen tai chb, noi
thay va trb cung lam viec. Gia sii tbi dang giup ban phat trien
mpt ky nang. Day la nhung bubc ma chung ta se thuc hien:
Bubc 1: Tbi lam. Moi quy trinh deu bat dau tir viec chinh
tbi phai true tie'p lam viec do. Lam sao tbi day ban nhung
viec ma tbi khong biet lam?
Bubc 2: Tbi lam, ban quan sat. Sau khi da nam vung qua
trinh, tbi lam dieu do trubc su quan sat cua ban, tbi giai
thich rb nguyen ly, khuyen khich ban dat cau hbi. Tbi can
ban hieu tubng tan nhung viec tbi lam.

330

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Budc 3: Ban lam, toi quan sat. Ban cd the da hoc dupe
nhieu qua quan sat, tdi mot luc nao do, ban can xan tay,
nhay vao lam thu. Khi dat den trinh dp nay, ban bat dau t u
thuc hien. Vai trb cua tdi luc nay la khuyen khich, ddng
vien, nhe nhang sua ldi cho ban ne'u cd va hudng dan lai neu
can thiet.
Budc 4: Ban lam. Ngay khi ban da nam dupe co ban cong
viec, tbi nhubng chb cho ban tu lam den khi thanh thao. Ban
da cb the bat dau phat trien phuong phap va phong each
rieng cua minh.
Budc 5: Ban lam va ngubi khac quan sat. Bubc cub'i cung
trong qua trinh phat trien la tdi giup ban rim ra mot ngubi
nao do, roi khuyen khich ban khoi ddng qua trinh phat trien
hp. Ban khdng bao gid that su am tudng mpt viec gi do cho
den khi ban day no cho mpt
ngubi khac. Hon nua, quy trinh
se van do dang neu ban chua
chuyen giao nhune ei ban da hoc
J O
bb
dupe cho mpt ngubi khac.
Neu ban tu nguyen "hien
than" cho su nghiep phat trien
con ngudi va tan tuy lau dai, ban

,, ,
. ,
Ban khong bao gio that
.
....
su am tuong mot viec gi
f
no cho mot ngubi khac.

-
5

d o > c h o

nm

se dan nhan ra nhung thay ddi trong cac mdi quan he vdi
nhan vien. Hp se trung thanh vdi ban vi biet ban luc nao
cung ton trpng lpi ich cao nhat cua hp va ban da chung minh
dieu do qua rung hanh ddng.

331

NHA LANH DAO 360

Gio day, khi da biet dupe nhung dieu nay, ban dung trbi
bubc nhan vien qua nhieu, dbi khi, each tot nhat de phat
trien nhan vien lai la de cho anh ta ra di va "sai rbng dbi
canh". Neu ban da gan bo vbi su nghiep phat trien con
ngubi va giup nhan vien chuyen giao nhung gi hp hoc dupe
cho nhung nhan vien tiep theo, ban se tim ngay dupe mpt
ngubi khac trong nhom mbi nay, thay the ngubi ra di. Ne'u
ban lien tuc phat trien con ngubi trong to chuc trong nhieu
nam, ban khong bao gib so thieu nhung v i giam doc du due
va tai, s i n sang ganh vac trach nhiem xay dung va phat trien
to chuc, dong thbi chia se mpt phan ganh nang tren vai ban.

332

N G U Y E N T A G #4

SlS
D U N G

D U N G
S 6

N H A N

T R l / O N G

V I E N
C U A

H O

han lan cac lanh dao dong y rang viec tim ra nhung

nguoi phii hap va dat ho vao v i tri thich hop rat quan
trong. Nhung viec do tao ra su khac biet tbi muc nao? Mot
khac biet nho nhb hay khac biet lbn lao? Do la dieu cac
chuyen gia b Vien Tham do d u luan Gallup dat ra khi tien
hanh nghien cuu cho cuon

sach Now, Discover

Your

Strengths. Day la nhung dieu cac tac gia cua cub'n sach da
hpc dupe:
Trong ban sieu phan tich mdi nhat, Gallup da dat cau hoi: "Hang ngay,
trong cong viec, ban duoc lam cong viec ban lam tot nhat?" cho 198.000
nhan vien lam viec tai 7.939 don vi kinh doanh thuoc 36 cong ty khac
nhau. Sau do, chung tdi so sdnh nhieng cau trd ldi vdi tinh hinh hoat
333

NHA LANH DAO 360

ddng kinh doanh ciia cdng ty va phat hien ra: Khi nhan vien trd ldi "rat
ddng y" cho cau hdi nay, hon 50% trong so nhirng ngirdi do lam viec
trong nhung don vi kinh doanh cd toe do thay ddi nhan vien thap, 38%
1dm viec trong nhirng don vi kinh doanh hieu qua, va 44% lam viec
trong nhung don vi kinh doanh cd chi so hdi long ciia khach hang cao.
Do la mpt su khac biet rat clang ke. Theo ban, bao nhieu
phan tram ngubi lao dbng dang dupe lam viec trong linh vuc
so truong cua hp? Theo cac tac gia, cau tra lbi la chi cb 20%.
Nguyen nhan hang dau khien mpi ngubi khong thich
cong viec cua hp la khong dupe lam viec dung so truong.
Khi nhan vien lien tuc bi yeu cau lam viec hp khong cb kha
nang, hp trb nen mat tinh than,
giam nang suat, va cuoi cung,
Ngudi thanh cong tim ra
sue khbe bi huy hoai do lam viec
linh vuc so truong cua
j
minh. Lanh dao thanh
, ~ ., , * ,
luon thuoc ve lanh dao!
cong thi tim so truong
ciia nhan vien.
Ngubi thanh cong tim ra linh
vuc so truong cua minh. Lanh
dao thanh cong thi tim so
q

l a

1 6 i

a i ?

truong cua nhan vien. Cac ca nhan cb the tim cong viec b
cong ty hp chpn, nhung thubng khong dupe t u do lua
chpn dat minh vao vi t r i so truong b noi lam viec. Dubng
nhu chi cb sep hp mbi lam dupe viec nay.
Khi ban su dung nhan vien dung so truong cua hp, thi
trubc he't, ban thay dbi cube song cua ngubi do theo chieu
hubng tot hon. Trong chuong trubc, tbi da nbi rang cube
song ca nhan cua mpt ngubi tac dpng len mpi khia canh
334

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

cuoc song cua hp, bao gbm ca cong viec. Dieu ngupc lai
cung dung. Cube song cong viec cua mpt ngubi tac dpng len
mpi khia canh cube song cua hp. Khi ban dat mpi ngubi vao
diing so truong, hp man nguyen va hai long vbi cong viec.
Dieu nay thubng tao ra su khac biet giua ngubi ghet di lam
va ngubi thich di lam. Ngoai ra, con cb mpt lpi ich khac la
ban ho trp to chiic va chinh ban.

CAC BUOC DAT MOI NGUOI DUNG SO TRUONG

Kha nang giup do moi ngubi tim ra vi tri phu hpp nha't
trong su nghiep cua hp la mpt sue manh tuyet vbi va trach
nhiem lbn lao, mpt viec chung ta khong nen xem nhe vbi t u
each la nha lanh dao. Khi ban quan tam tbi nhung ngubi lam
viec cho ban, hay co gang thuc hien nhung dieu sau vbi
rung ngubi.
1. Kham pha nhung sd trudng that su cua
mpi ngudi
Hau he't mpi ngubi khong tu minh kham pha ra so
truong cua minh. Hp thubng bi cub'n vao cong viec kiem
song hang ngay va luon luon ban rbn. Hp hiem khi kham
pha cac uu diem hay nhb lai nhung thanh cong va that bai
ciia minh. Do la ly do hp rat can mpt lanh dao chan thanh
quan tam tai hp de nhan ra diem manh cua ban than.
Cb kha nhieu cong cu huu ich giup kham pha ban than.
Tbi da nhac den cong trinh cua Buckingham va Clifton.
Cub'n sach Now, Discover Your Strengths va cac bai trac
335

NHA LANH DAO 360

nghiem giup tim ra the manh cua hp kha huu ich. Ban cung
co the tham khao cac bai trac nghiem tinh each, hay cac bai
trac nghiem hubng nghiep. Bat cu tac pham nao cb bbi canh
giong vbi tinh hinh to chuc cua ban deu huu ich. Nhung
dung t u gibi han vao nhung bai trac nghiem. Thubng thi
quan sat cua chinh ca nhan ban mbi that su huu ich vbi ban.
2. Phan c6ng cho nhan vien cdng vlc phu hpp
Chuyen mpt ngubi nao do tu cong viec hp ghet sang cong
viec phu hop vbi hp cb the lam thay dbi ca mpt cube dbi.
Mpt giam dbc dieu hanh tbi phong van nbi rang ong rung
chuyen mpt ngubi trong nhom sang boh v i tri khac nhau
trong to chuc, co gang tim ra v i tri phu hpp. V i bi dat sai vi
tri qua nhieu lan, cb ay gan nhu lam bng he't hy vpng.
Nhung bng biet cb ay cb tiem nang lbn, va la ngubi thich
hpp vbi to chuc. Cuoi cung, sau khi bng tim ra cong viec
thich hpp cho cb ay, cb da trb thanh mot "ngoi sao"!
Hieu dupe tam quan trpng cua viec bo tri cong viec thich
hpp cho nhan vien, hang nam, ngubi quan ly ay thubng dat
cho nhom nhan vien cua minh cau hbi: "Ne'u dupe quyen
chpn bat cu viec nao, thi ban se chpn viec gi?" Tu cau tra lbi
cua hp, bng biet dupe ngubi nao cb the dang phai lam cong
viec khong thich hpp.
Co gang dua ngubi thich hop vao cong viec phu hpp cb
the ton nhieu thbi gian va cong sue. Chung ta phai thua nhan
dieu nay, chang de dang gi cho mpt ngubi quan ly vua phai
lien tuc tim ra vi tri phu hpp cho nhan vien trong khi vua
336

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

phai duy tri cong viec. Lai mpt lan nua, day la mpt linh vuc
noi long khao khat hanh dpng ciia nha lanh dao chong lai ban
than hp. Hay cb chong lai thien hubng mub'n quyet dinh ngay
va hay cu tie'p tuc hanh trinh. Dung ngai dua mpi ngubi vao
cac vi tri khac nhau ne'u hp khong tba sang nhu ban nghi.
3. Xac djnh cac ky nang hp se ca*n va trang bj cac
chuong t r i n h dao t a o d i n g cp t h i gldl
Mbi cong viec dbi hbi nhan vien phai cb mpt tap hpp cac
ky nang chuyen biet de dat den thanh cong. Tham chi, mpt
ngubi cb nhung the manh ca nhan tuyet vbi va mpt "muc dp
phu hpp" hoan hao van chua hoan toan lam viec dung so
truong ne'u ngubi do khong cb nhung ky nang nay. Vbi t u
each la lanh dao, cong viec cua ban la bao dam cac nhan vien
ciia minh nam bat dupe nhung thu hp can de thanh cong.
Hai trong so nhung cau hbi quan trpng nha't la:
Toi can lam gi dephdt trien ban than?
Toi can lam gi dephdt then nhan vien cua minh?
Cau hbi dau tien xac dinh hem nang ca nhan va nang luc
lanh dao cua ban. Cau hbi thii hai xac dinh tiem nang cua
nhom ban. Ne'u hp khong phat trien, ngay mai hp cung se
khong thanh cong hon hbm nay.
Trong cub'n 17 Nguyen

tac bat bien cua lam viec nhom,

Nguyen tac Phu hpp phat bieu: "Khi dupe dat vao v i tri phu
hpp, tat ca mpi ngubi se gia tang nhieu gia tri nha't". Du su
phii hpp do la gi, hp cung se khang dinh dupe vai trb ciia
337

NHA LANH DAO 360

minh trong nhom. Va viec nay tao ra su khac biet lbn. Khi
lanh dao that su nam duoc tinh than nay, nhom cua ho thuc
hien cong viec b trinh do khong the tin nbi. Va viec do mang
lai uy tin cho lanh dao do. Tbi khong nghi minh qua cuong
dieu khi nbi rang thanh cong cua mot lanh dao dupe quyet
djnh phan lbn nhb viec dat nhan vien vao dung so truong
cua ho.
Hbi hoc trung hoc, tbi may man cb mot hua'n luyen vien
hieu rb dieu nay. Trong mot bubi tap bong ro, Don Neff, huah
luyen vien cua chung tbi, quyet
Khi dupe dat vao vi tri
phu hop, tat ca moi
nguoi segia tang nhieu
gid tri nhat.

dinh rang bng mub'n day cho

chung tbi mot bai hpc rat quan
g g
' n g cho dpi
^
^
^

, . ,
,. .
_...> , . .
thi dau voi nhau. Dieu nay khong
cb gi la la - chiing tbi van thubng
xuyen thi dau vbi nhau. Dpi du bi

ti(ms

n g

r o

b j

cb vai cau thu gibi, nhung hien nhien la dpi chinh thiic choi
tot hon hin. Lan nay, bng yeu cau chiing tbi thuc hien mpt
viec rat khac so vbi binh thubng. Ong de dpi hinh du bi choi
b vi tri thubng ngay cua hp, nhung chi dinh mbi ngubi trong
dpi chinh thuc choi b cac vi tri khong quen thupc. Binh
thubng tbi la mpt hau ve ghi diem, nhung lan nay toi dupe
yeu cau lam trung ve. Con trung ve lai choi 6 vi tri hau ve
kiem soat bong.

338

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Chung toi dupe huong dan choi mot hiep 20 phut; nhung
tran dau dien ra khong lau. Dpi d u bi nhanh chong thang
dam. Khi tran dau ket thuc, hua'n luyen vien Neff tap hpp
chung tbi lai va nbi: "C6 cau thu
gibi nha't tren san chua du. Chung
"
8
ta phai cb cac cau thu gibi nha't 6
, , , ,
. ,
tren san chua du. Chiing
vi tri phu hop nhat.
. , ,. . , # . *
r
r
i p
au thu
Tbi khong bao gib quen bai
gioi nhat 6 vi tri phii
hpc do. Suot 30 nam lam lanh
hop nhat."
dao, tbi ap dung bai hpc do vao
- Don Neff
nhieu linh vuc, chu khong chi vao
bong rb. Ban dang lanh dao kieu
nhom nao khong phai la dieu quan trpng. Ne'u ban khong
C d c

nat

c o

i 6 i

c a c

dat mpi ngubi vao dung so truong cua ho, ban dang khien
hp va ca ban khong the dat den thanh cong.

339

N G U Y E N T A C #5

M U O N
B A N

N G L / O I K H A C

T H A N

L A M G I ,

H A Y L A M G l / O N G

pt trong nhung cuon sach ve nghe thuat lanh dao ua

thich cua toi la Learning to Lead (Hpc de dan dau) ciia

Fred Smith. Toi van nhd rat rb khi lan dau doc cub'n sach, toi
dang d tren may bay trd ve San Diego. Tdi van nhd rb bdi vi
khi tbi doc cac y tudng cua Fred ve thuat "lanh dao hien
than", tbi lbi ngay cuon sd tay va bat dau ddng nao. Trong

cud'n sach, Fred ndi rang khi nhung gi ngudi lanh dao the
hien va nhung gi dng ta lam nhat quan vdi nhau, dng ta se
thu dupe ket qua nha't quan, va ngupc lai, khi hai dieu do
khdng nha't quan, cac ket qua cung se khdng on dinh.
Tren trang gia'y, tbi ke ba cot doc. Dau cpt thii nha't, tdi
viet: "Tdi la gi". O do, tdi d u dinh se viet ra cac pham chat
tdi mong udc cb dupe khi lam lanh dao. Dau cpt thii hai la:
340

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

"Toi lam gi", cac hanh dong nha't quan voi moi tinh each
tieu bieu. Cpt thu ba chua cac ket qua cua tinh each va hanh
dpng nha't quan.
TOI LA Gi

TOI LAM GI

KET QUA

Cb tinh each
rb rang

Lam nhung dieu

dung dan

Uy tin

Than thien

Quan tam den

mpi ngubi

Cong dong

"Co dpng vien"

Tin tubng
mpi ngubi

Tinh than

Cb tam nhin

Dat ra
cac muc tieu

Dinh hubng

Hpc vien

Hpc hbi

Truong thanh

Truyen cam hung

Khuyen khich

Hanh dpng

Vitha

Tap trung
vao ngubi khac

Giup do

Tutin

Dua ra
cac quyet dinh

Su bao dam

Mpt danh sach nhu vay cb the la mpt dieu ngac nhien
that su, bbi v i khi khong dat dupe ket qua mong mub'n,
chiing ta thubng bi cam do tim kiem va do lbi cho mpt ai
khac ngoai ban than.
IU1

NHA LANH DAO 360"

A N H HUCJNG CUA N G U O I L A N H D A O
Su nha't quan tao nen sue manh trong cuoc song ca nhan
cung nhu trong vai tro lanh dao cua ban. Nha lanh dao tao
ra bau khong khi va nhip dp cho tat ca nhung ai lam viec vbi
hp. Vay nen, ho can phai trb thanh mau ngubi ma hp muon
thay. Hay de tbi giai thich dieu nay.
Hanh xu cua lanh dao d|nh hinh nn van hda
Mpt trong nhung noi rat de thay cac kieu van hba khac
nhau la trong the thao. Lay vi du dbi bong Oakland Raiders.
Trong nhieu nam, hp tu hao ve hinh anh nhung chang trai
hu hong cua minh. Ong bau cua dpi, AI Davis, la mpt ke nbi
loan. Cac cau thu cua dpi la nhung ga bat tri. Tham chi
ngubi ham mb cua hp cung bat chubc nhu vay. Trong tran
dau, khu vuc khan dai phia hp - thubng dupe goi la "ho
den". Van hba cua ban quyet dinh ban lbi cub'n nhung ai.
Cach cu xu cua dpi bong do
trong hang thap ky da hinh
, , , , ,
,
thanh nen van hoa cua doi.

_ ^ ^

^ z

Nhd lanh dao can phai

, , , \
\. ,
tro thanh mau nguoi ma
ho muon thay

Lay vi du mpt dpi bong khac,

dpi Dallas Cowboys. Trong nhieu
nam, dpi bong nay vo dich lien
tie'p va dupe menh danh la "Dpi bong cua nubc My". Tom
Landry, hua'n luyen vien cua dpi luc ay, giup tao nen van
hba do. Sau khi Landry roi dpi, each cu x u cua cac hua'n
luyen vien va cau thu bat dau thay doi - va van hba cung

342

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

thay doi. Ddi Cowboys khdng con duoc menh danh la "Ddi
bong ciia nude My" nua.
Ne'u ban khao khat tham nhuan mot gia tri nao do vao
van hda cua to chiic, ban can hbi ban than xem no cb phai la
each hanh xii de nhan thay d nhung ngudi lam viec trong to
chiic ciia ban khdng - hay bat dau vdi ban than. Cach duy
nha't thay ddi van hba la thay ddi hanh xu cua ban than.
Thai dO cua lanh dao dinh hinh biu khdng khi
Ban da bao gid lam viec cho ngudi cb kieu thai dp "nhin
dbi qua lang kinh mau den" chua? Trong hoan canh nao thi
ngudi bi quan cung cd nhan sinh quan u am. No khac hoan
toan vbi khi lam viec cho ngubi cb thai dp lac quan va vui
ve. Ngudi hanh phuc nha't khdng nha't thiet phai la ngudi
gibi nhat b mpi linh vuc. Hp chi tan dung dieu tot dep nha't
ciia mpi thii.
Thai dp ciia ngudi lanh dao giohg nhu bp dieu chinh
nhiet d noi lam viec. Ne'u thai dp cua hp tot, bau khong khi
se de chiu va giup tao ra mdi trudng thoai mai de lam viec.
Nhung ne'u thai dp cua ngudi lanh dao tdi, mdi trudng lam
viec se trd nen ngdt ngat hay bang gia. D I nhien, khong ai
mud'n lam viec trong mdi truong nhu the.
Cac gia tr| cua lanh dao d|nh hinh cac quye't d|nh
Roy Disney, anh trai va la dd'i tac cua Walt Disney timg
nbi: "Khi ban biet rb cac gia tri cua minh thi viec ra quye't
dinh khdng khd." Dieu do khdng chi dung dan, nhung tdi
343

NHA LANH DAO 360

con muon bo sung la khi cac quyet dinh ban clua ra dua tren
cac gia tri cua ban, ban se khong he khb khan khi theo duoi
chung. Cac quye't dinh khong thb'ng nha't vbi cac gia tri luon
cb "tubi dbi" ngan.
Bat cu dieu gi ban coi trong se deu duoc the hien rb trong
cac quye't dinh cua nhan vien. Ne'u ban ua chuong cac
phuong phap "di tat", nhan vien
se ra cac quye't dinh coi trong toe
do hon chat luong. Neu ban vb
Cac quyet dinh khong
tam vbi cam xuc cua ngubi khac,
thong nhat voi cac gid tri
nhan vien se ra quye't dinh khong
xet den cam xuc cua moi ngubi.

l u 6 n

c 6

"

t u 6 i

"

Neu ban the hien su khoan

nhupng, du la nhb nha't cho su lua dbi, thi chac chan se cb
ngubi trong nhom nghi rang viec ra cac quye't dinh khong
dat tieu chuan trung thuc dbi khi cung chap nhan duoc.
Su diu tu ciia lnh dao d|nh hinh lpi nhudn
Giong nhu trong the gibi tai chinh, each duy nha't ban thu
duoc lpi nhuan vbi mpi ngubi la dau tu vao hp. Cac hat
giong ban gieo quye't dinh vu mua thu hoach. Van de la
chung ta thubng tap trung vao thu hoach hon la gieo trong.
Tbi rung viet ve tam quan trpng cua viec phat trien va
trang bi cho nhan vien, vi vay, toi se khong nhac den 6 day
nua. Tbi chi de xuat y nay de ban suy nghi: Cb dieu gi tbi te
hon viec dao tao nhan vien roi de mat hp? Cau tra lbi la
khong dao tao gi ca va cu giu lay hp.
344

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Tfnh each cua lanh dao

quyet d j n h I6ng t i n cua

mpi ngudi
Mpi nguoi co tin tuong 6 ban khong? Nhung ngubi lam
viec cho ban cb tin rang ban luon mong mub'n hp thanh cong
va hanh phuc? Hay hp nghi ngo y djnh va can nhac dbng co
cua ban khi ban gibi thieu vbi hp mpt y tubng mbi? Cau tra
lbi cho nhung cau hbi nay cb the dupe suy ra tu tinh each
cua ban.
Khong ai cb the cho ban sir tin cay va cung dung ngo
nhan ban cb no chi vi ban dang giu mpt chuc vi. Ban phai t u
tich luy su tin tubng. Long tin luon den khi ban dupe sat
hach. Viec vupt qua hay that bai trong bai sat hach gan nhu
do tinh each ciia ban quye't dinh. Day that su la mpt dieu
khac nghiet. O truong, neu ban lam dung 60% bai thi da la
diem dat; hay vbi truong cb chi tieu cao, cb the la 70%.
Nhung vbi truong hpp cua su tin tubng, diem dat duy nha't
la 100%. Ne'u mpi ngubi khong the luon tin tubng ban, hp se
coi ban la khong the tin cay dupe.
Dao due nghi nghiep cua ngudi lanh dao quye't d|nh
nang sua't
Toi rat thich cau chuyen ke ve mpt ngubi Scotland nong
nay, lam viec cham chi va trong dpi cap duoi cung nhu
vay. Cac cong nhan cua bng ta chong gheo: "Nay ngai Scot,
ngai khong biet thanh Rome khong xay xong trong mpt
ngay sao?"

345

NHA LANH DAO 360

"Co, toi biet", bng ta tra lbi, "Nhung tbi khong lam dbc
cong b do."
Lanh dao that su* la ngubi tao ra bau khong khi cho cong
viec khi do la van de nang suat. Nhan vien se nhanh chong
cam thay bat on ne'u ban than cb tac phong lam viec cham
chap khi sep cua minh can man lam viec. Nhan vien cb ca
tinh manh nhanh chong cam thay duoc thuc day de bat kip
tien do.
Thomas Jefferson rung nbi: "Ne'u luon lam viec, chung ta
cb the hoan thanh bao nhieu dieu tuyet vbi." Ne'u ban mub'n
nhan vien cua minh luon lam viec, ban cung nen nhu vay.
Sutiln b0 cua nha lanh dao d|nh hinh tlm nang
Nguyen tac Gibi han la bai giang quan trpng nha't ve
nghe thuat lanh dao cua tbi: "Kha nang lanh dao la gibi han
quye't dinh muc dp hieu qua cua mpt ngubi." Ne'u nang luc
lanh dao cua ban la 5 (tren thang diem tu 1 tbi 10), thi hieu
qua cua ban se khong lbn hon 5. Vai trb lanh dao la mpt cai
tran bang kinh db'i vbi thanh tuu ca nhan.
Dieu tuong tu cung ap dung vbi nhan vien cua ban. Neu
nang luc lanh dao cua ban khong dupe phat trien lien tuc, no
cb the kirn ham tiem nang cua nhan vien. Tai sao lai nhu vay?
Bbi vi ban day nhung dieu minh biet, nhung dbng thbi ban
cung tao ra nhung con ngubi giohg nhu minh. Ban khong the
cho mpi ngubi thu ban khong cb. Ne'u ban mub'n tang kha
nang cua nhom, ban can lien tuc phat trien ban than.
346

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Mot trong nhirng v i du ua thich ciia toi ve viec bat chubc
hanh vi cua lanh dao la cau chuyen ve David, vua cua Israel
cb. Hau he't moi ngubi deu biet cau chuyen ve David va
Goliath. Trong cube chie'n tranh giua ngubi Do Thai va
ngubi Philistine, Goliath - mot chie'n binh khong lb, thach
thuc bat cu ai dau vbi han ma chie'n lpi pham la "ke thing
chie'm tat ca". Saul, vua Israel, so hai nap trong leu, cac chien
binh cua bng ta cung vay. Nhung David, mpt cau be chan
cuu cb nhung ngubi anh dung trong dam hen nhat, thach
thuc Goliath va danh bai han trong tran dau.
Phan lbn nhung ai am tubng Kinh Thanh deu biet r i n g
David trb thanh vua. Dieu mpi ngubi khong biet la nhieu
nam trubc khi David len ngai vang, David lbi keo cac chie'n
binh di theo minh va lap nen mpt dpi quan hung manh.
Nhung chie'n binh do trb nen giong David, den miic vai
ngubi trong so hp cung trb thanh nhung ngubi tieu diet bpn
khong 16.
Mac du cac ket qua khong phai luon an tuong den vay,
nhung cb mpt dieu luon dung la nhung ngubi di theo tro
nen giong lanh dao cua hp. Hp bi anh hubng bbi cac tieu
chuan cua lanh dao. Hp tiep nhan phuong phap lam viec
ciia lanh dao. Hp tham chi bat chubc thbi quen va tat xau
ciia nhung ngubi nay. Do la ly do chung ta phai luon y thuc
ve tu each dao due cua minh trubc khi chi trich nhirng
ngubi lam viec cho chiing ta. Neu ban khong thich hanh
dpng cua nhan vien, hay xem lai ban than truoc da.

347

N G U Y E N T A C #6

T R U Y E N T A I T A M

N H I N

ia su ban dang thuc hien tot vai trb lanh dao 360, va

ban lanh dao cap duoi rat thanh cong. Ban dinh hinh
phuong phap, phat trien mbi quan he vbi nhan vien, dao tao
hp, phat trien hp va len ke hoach duy tri nhu vay. Viec nay
tuong tu khi ban danh thbi gian che tao mpt khau sung cong
hieu va nap dan cho no. Cong viec tie'p theo la gi? Tat nhien
la ngam vao tam diem va keo cb! Trong nghe thuat lanh dao,

viec nay cb nghia la truyen tai tam nhin.

Neu ban la lanh dao dung dau to chiic, ban se truyen tai
tam nhin cua chinh ban. La lanh dao cap trung, ban se
truyen tai tam nhin cua cap tren la chu yeu. Lanh dao cap
trung la mat xich quan trong trong quy trinh do. Lanh dao
348

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

diing dau co the dua ra tam nhin nhung rat kho chuyen tam
nhin nay toi moi ngudi neu khong co su tham gia toan tam
toan y cua lanh dao cap thap hon
trong to chiic. Mac dii lanh dao
Mac du lanh dao cap
cap trung khdng phai luon la
trung khong phai luon la
"nguoi phat minh" ra tam nhin,
"ngudi phat minh" ra
nhung hau nhu hp luon la
tam nhin, nhung hau nhu
"thong dich vien" cua no.
ho luon la "thong dich
vien" ciia no.
Vay nha lanh dao 360 dien
,

giai tam nhin nhu the nao de

khoi day "ngpn lua nhiet tinh"
va thuc day mpi ngudi di dung hudng? Dua vao bay yeu to
sau day, ban se dat dupe muc tieu.
1. Surd rang
Khi song d San Diego, tdi hay di xem cac tran bong chay
ciia dpi Padres. Tdi thubng cb dupe chb ngoi rat tuyet ngay
phia sau ld'i ra vao. Hdi ay, cac dpi bong choi khong tot lam,
va nha to chiic da thuc hien nhieu chien dich quang cao, cac
trd choi va hoat ddng de co gang thu hut khan gia tdi san.
Mpt trong nhung viec hp thubng xuyen lam giua hai hiep
ciia tran dau la phan trb choi danh cho khan gia. Hp dua
mpt buc anh ciia mpt cau thu tren man hinh ldn cua san van
dpng. Nhung hp khdng dua toan bp buc anh len mpt lan. Hp
chia buc anh ra 12 phan, dua rung phan len tdi khi biic anh
hoan chinh.

349

NHA LANH DAO 360

Toi biet trb nay cung khong thu vi lam. Dieu that su thu
vi vbi tbi la phan ung cua khan gia. Ban cb the tubng tuong
tie'ng hb reo cua ho khi doan trung. Trubc do, da cb mpt vai
phong doan, cb the khang dinh rang khong ai biet do la anh
cau thu nao v i no qua roi rac va khong hoan chinh. Roi ban
bat dau nghe thay tie'ng xi xao - do la tie'ng cua nhung ngubi
nhanh chong nhan ra. Sau do, tie'ng xi xao to hon mpt chut
khi nhieu ngubi nhan ra, va dot nhien, ca san van dpng 6 len
he't sue on ao, khi hau he't mpi ngubi trong san van dpng da
doan dupe do la anh cau thu nao.
Viec de ra tam nhin rat giong
nhu vay. Ne'u tam nhin khong rb
rang, mpi ngubi khong hieu tha'u

Khi chuan bi truyen dat

dao. Ho khong the doan ra. Ban

>
y ^
[
, .. , , ./. , , ~ ,
muon ho biet dieu vi, va
phai ghep tat ca cac mau lai de

;
*
, ,
... ,
, , ,, .
tot muon ho lam viec gi?
giup hp doan trung no. Khi
chuan bi truyen dat tam nhin,
hay t u hbi: Toi muon hp biet dieu
gi, va tdi muon ho lam viec gi? Khi ban da biet cau tra lbi, hay
lien tuc truyen tai va lap day cac khoang trb'ng cho tbi khi
t

nhin

h 6 i

ban thay da so mpi ngubi deu da hieu ro - chu khong chi

nhung ngubi nhanh nhay.
2. M6l Hen h$ giua qua khu, hl$n tai va tuong lai
Tbi de y thay da so nhung nguoi truyen tai tam nhin hau
nhu deu tap trung toan bp vao tuong lai. O mpt muc dp,
viec do la sang subt. Xet cho cung, tam nhin, do ban chat cua
350

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

no, tap trung vao tuong lai. Nhung bat cu nha lanh dao nao
muon xay dung tam nhin, khong nen bo quen mbi lien he
vbi qua khu va hien tai, vi neu vay thi ban dang that su bb
quen mpt co hpi.
Chi ban ve qua khu khong mang den hy vpng cho tuong
lai, vi vay, ban chac chan khong mub'n dat trong tam vao do.
Nhung ne'u ban bb qua qua khu, ban khong the nbi mpi
ngubi vbi lich sir cua to chuc. Ne'u ban to ra tran trpng
nhung gi da hen hanh trubc do va bieu thi long kinh trpng
vbi nhung ngubi dat nen mong cho ban cb dupe vi tri nhu
ngay hbm nay, ban da chung thuc nhung ai da lam viec
cham chi va da hy sinh de xay dung nen cai hien dang ton
tai. Ban cung giup nhung ngubi con la lam vbi quy trinh cua
to chuc yen tam hon vi biet rang hp la thanh vien cua mpt to
chuc cb be day 1 ich su.
Khi mpi ngubi cb the lien he vbi qua khu, hp se san sang
vuon tbi tuong lai hon. Bat cu luc nao ban cho thay qua khu,
hien tai va tuong lai dupe hpp nha't, ban mang den sue
manh va tinh lien tuc cho tam nhin.
3. Muc dfch
Tam nhin cho mpi ngubi biet
hp can di dau, con muc dich cho
hp biet tai sao hp nen di tbi do.
Dieu nay khong nhung giup mpi
ngubi hieu dupe hp dang dupe
yeu cau thuc hien dieu gi, ma con
351

Tarn nhin cho mpi nguoi

biet hp can di dau, con
muc dich thi cho hp biet
tai sao hp nen di toi do.

NHA LANH DAO 360

giup hp luon di dung huong. No giup hp co kha nang tu
dieu chinh, ung bie'n va dbi mbi mbi khi gap trb ngai hay su
thay db'i khbn luong.
4. Mgctleu
Trong Leadership Gold (Tinh hoa lanh dao), nha su hpc
kiem nha nghien cuu chinh tri James MacGregor Burns viet:
"Nghe thuat lanh dao la cap tren thuyet phuc dupe cap duoi
hanh dpng de dat dupe nhung muc tieu cu the dai dien cho
nhung gia tri va dpng luc - nhung nhu cau va mong mub'n,
nhung khat vpng va ky vpng - cua ca lanh dao va nhan
vien." Khong cb cac muc tieu va mpt chie'n lupc de hoan
thanh chung, khong the do luong hay dat dupe tam nhin.
Nhieu nam qua, tbi da gap nhung lanh dao cb y tubng
vien vong, khong cb gi ngoai hy vpng khi tinh toan lam the
nao de dat dupe muc tieu. Hy vpng khong phai la chie'n lupc.
Khi ban dua cho mpi ngubi mpt chuong trinh hanh dpng, hp
nhan thay tam nhin mang tinh thuc te. Va dieu do tang them
long tin cua hp danh cho ban va tam nhin cua ban.
5. Thu thach
Bie'n tam nhin trb nen thuc te khong cb nghia la khong
the bie'n no thanh thu mang tinh thu thach. Ne'u tam nhin
khong dbi hbi mpi ngubi phai cb gang he't sue, cb le hp se tu
hbi su cong hien cua hp cb dang khong.
Mpt so nha lanh dao dubng nhu e so khi thu thach nhom
cua hp. Song, thu thach lam cho nhung ngubi gibi mub'n sai
352

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

canh va bay len, thbi bung ngpn lua nhiet huyet cua ngubi
tan tam va lam khie'p so ke ho hung. Ban se danh gia dupe
chinh xac nhan vien khi ban yeu cau hp phai co gang he't sue.
6. Nhung c3u chuyen
Ne'u ban mub'n tao cho tam nhin day thach thuc cua minh
mpt dang ve "con ngubi" hon, hay dua vao do ca nhung cau
chuyen. Chung khien tam nhin trb nen gan gui va am ap
hon. Hay nghi ve nhirng nguoi da gbp phan vao su phat
trien cua to chuc tir trubc tbi nay. Ke ve nhung no luc va
thanh cong cua hp. Ca ngoi cong hien cua hp. Hay dich than
ke nhung cau chuyen do. Lam nhu vay, ban dang dem tam
nhin va phuong phap dat dupe no den ca vbi nhung nhan
vien trung binh, nhung ngubi cb the dang tu hbi: Tdi cd nen
la mpt phan cua dieu nay khong? Toi co the Id mpt phan cua dieu
nay? Tdi co kha nang tao ra su khac biet khdng? Mpt cau chuyen
giup hp thay rang, mac du hp cb the phai vuon tay mbi dat
dupe tam nhin, no van b trong tam vbi cua hp.
7. Dam me
Mau cuoi cung cua "trb choi ghep hinh" tam nhin la long
dam me. Neu khong cb "manh ghep" dam me, ban khong
the truyen tai tam nhin cho ai va tam nhin cua ban se chi la
mpt tam anh roi rac. Khong ai mub'n lam viec cham chi,
danh nhieu thbi gian, no luc vupt qua nhung trb ngai va
lam them gib v i dieu do? Dieu tuyet vbi cua long dam me la
no de lay lan. Neu ban nhom lira, thi hp ciing se dupe thoi
353

NHA LANH DAO 360

bung len ngon lua, va ngon lua
do rat can de giu cho ho luon tien

ve phia trubc.
Cb mot moi lien he chat che

...
, , ,
Neu khong co manh
y,
g the truyen tai tam
g h e

b a n

k h 6 n

giua su so huu va thanh cong.

*

,,
, .
,
/
cua ban se chi Id mot
.y , ,
Ban khong co duoc ve sau neu
' ,
,
tam anh rox rac.
thieu ve trubc. Nha lanh dao 360
"vun dap" su so huu. Ho dua
tam nhin "tu tbi sang chung ta".
Ngubi truyen tai tam nhin gibi nha't tbi rung cb trong doi
ngu nhan vien la Dan Reiland. Hbi tbi van con b nha thb
Skyline, Dan la muc su quan tri. Ong da thuc hien xuat sac
viec truyen tai tam nhin cho cac nhan vien. Dieu tbi an
n h i n

c h o

a i v

n h i n

tuong nha't la each bng lam viec vbi nhung ngubi khong cb
chuc sac trong giao doan.
Trong hon 10 nam, Dan lanh dao mot lop gbm nhung ban
tre cb chuyen mon gibi goi la Lien doanh (Joint Venture).
Nhung ngubi bng lbi cub'n dupe that su la nhung lanh dao
day trien vong cua cac to chuc. Trong 5 nam cuoi lam viec b
Skyland, tbi cho rang moi thanh vien mbi cua hang ngu lanh
dao deu noi len t u nhung nhom do Dan xay dung.
Mbi nam vao dip Giang sinh, Dan mbi tbi tbi dien thuyet
trong bubi tiec Giang sinh cua Lien doanh. Bubi tiec luon la
mpt su kien hang dau. No luon dupe to chuc d mpt khach
san sang trpng hay trung tam hbi nghi, va thuc an that tuyet
vbi. Mpi ngubi deu dien nga't trbi, cac quy ba mac vay da
hpi, con cac quy bng mac le phuc. Hp la nhom ngubi hang
354

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

nhat trong giao doan, nhirng nguoi toi se truyen tai tam
nhin vao nam toi.
Co hai ly do toi lam nhu vay. Thu nhat, co rat nhieu nhan
vat co anh huong trong nhom do. Ly do thu hai la hp luon
hieu dupe tam nhin. Hp d ngay do, doi theo tam nhin voi
toi. Vi sao vay? Boi vi hp giong lanh dao ciia hp, Dan, ngudi
lien tuc truyen tai tam nhin cua toi toi hp suot 51 tuan trong
nam. Toi dam chac rang nha thd se khdng phat trien nhanh
den vay neu Dan khong phai la mpt lanh dao cap trung gioi.
Mpi ngudi ndi rang con tau cang ldn, no cang khd xoay
xd. Dieu do co le dung vdi trudng hpp ciia con tau, nhung
khong dung vdi trudng hop cua cac to chiic. Mdi to chiic la
mot thuc the to ldn cd nhieu thuc the nhd trong no. Ne'u mdi
lanh dao cap trung la mpt nha lanh dao 360, ngudi truyen
tai xuat sac tam nhin tdi cac thuyen vien trong khu vuc ciia
hp, thi tham chi mpt td chiic khdng Id cung xoay xd nhanh
chong. Van de khdng phai la quy md cua td chiic; ma la tam
co ciia cac lanh dao trong to chiic do.

355

N G U Y E N T A C #2

T I / 6 N G

T H l / O N G

T H A N H

T I C H

ot nguoi dan ong sung suang tan huong buoi chieu

em a, tren chiec thuyen cau nhb, giua ho nubc thanh

binh. Anh ta vua cau ca vua nham nhap thanh sbcbla. Thai
tie't dep, dien thoai di dbng tat, anh ta cam thay minh hanh
phuc biet nhuong nao.
Bong nhien anh ta phat hien thay dubi nubc cb mot con
ran dang ngoam mot con e'ch. Thay thuong hai con e'ch, anh
ta dung vat vbt ca de muc con ran len, lbi e'ch ra khoi mom
ran va tha con e'ch ra chb an toan. Roi anh ta lai thay thuong
hai con ran. Anh be mot mau sbcbla cua minh, dut vao mom
con ran va tha no xuong nubc, no vbi lui mat.

356

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

"Day, "anh ta nghi, "Con e'ch hanh phuc, con ran hanh
phuc, va gid la ta hanh phuc. That tuyet vdi ! "Anh ta lai
buong cau va tie'p rue hudng thii vui thanh binh.
Vai phut sau, anh ta nghe thay tie'ng va manh vao man
thuyen. Nhin sang, anh ta lai thay con ran vua nay. Nhung
lan nay, no ngoam den hai con e'ch!
Bai hpc rut ra la: Hay can than khi khen thudng, bdi vi
dieu gi dupe khen thudng se tie'p tuc dupe thuc hien.
Tbi chac rang la mpt nha lanh dao, ban y thuc rat rb su
that nay. Hanh ddng dupe khen thubng du tich cue hay tieu
cue khong quan trpng. Quan trpng la bat cu hanh dpng nao
dupe lanh dao khen thubng se
Bieu gi duoc khen
thubng se tiep tuc duoc
thuc hien.

dupe lap lai. Do la ly do tai sao

thudng cho ket qua va khen
^
"
.. .,
, .
quan trong. Khi ban su dung moi
cdng cu cd san de khen thudng
nhan vien, ban khdng chi truyen

cam hung de hp lam nhung viec dung dan cho td chuc ma

con khien hp cham chi hon va yeu thich cdng viec hp dang
lam hon. Viec khen thudng ket qua khien ban trd thanh nha
lanh dao 360 hieu qua hon, cd tam anh hudng ldn hon.
De tudng thudng thanh tich mpt each hieu qua nha't, hay
lam theo bay nguyen tac sau day:

357

NHA LANH DAO 360

1. Khen ngoi cdng khai va rieng t u
Xuat phat diem cua viec tuong thuong nhan vien chinh la
loi khen cua ban. Ban khong the khen qua nhieu. Billy
Hornsby, dieu phb'i vien chau A u cua EQUIP, khuyen: "De
nhung ngubi ban lanh dao tba sang hon ban la dieu rat tot,
vi neu hp tba sang du rue ro, hp
se phan chieu tich cue len ban."
"Be nhung nguoi
Trong 25 Ways to Win with
ban lanh dao toa sang
People, Les Parrott va tbi da giai
hon ban la dieu rat toi,
thich tam quan trpng cua viec vi neu ho toa sang du rue
khen ngoi mpt ngubi trubc mat
ro, ho se phan chieu tich
cue len ban"
nhung ngubi khac. Lbi khen con
trb nen quy gia hon ne'u den tai
- Billy Hornsby
"khan gia" quan trong (cap cao)
hon. Nhung tbi mub'n de nghi,
trubc khi khen ngoi ai cong khai, ban phai khen rieng hp
trubc. Lam nhu vay se khien dieu ban nbi trb nen thanh
thuc; mpi ngubi biet ban khong chi co gang lbi keo hp bang
each nbi mpt dieu gi do h i te. Mat khac, hau nhu khi mpt
ngubi dupe khen rieng, trong tham tam, hp ao ubc cb ngubi
khac b day de nghe thay. Ne'u ban khen rieng trubc roi sau
mbi khen cong khai, lbi khen se quan trpng gap dbi bbi vi no
thoa man khao khat de ngubi khac nghe thay lbi khen cua
ngubi dupe khen.
2. Chi khen ngoi thdl chua du
Tbi da khuyen khich ban khen ngoi mpi ngubi, song toi
can ban biet rang ban phai trao cho hp nhieu hon the.
358

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

Khen nggi khong co vat chat di kem, loi khen ay se khong
tra dirge hoa don cho ho.
Tang vat chat nhung khong khen ngoi, viec lam ay se
khong chua dugc benh cua hp.
Loi noi thi re, tru khi ban goi no bang tien. Lanh dao gibi
quan tam tbi nhan vien cua hp. Hay de y ky se thay, ngubi
gay ton kem nha't cho to chuc khong phai ngubi dupe tra cao
nhat ma chinh la ngubi lam viec khong xung vbi muc luong.
Khi tien luong khong tuong xung vbi thanh tich mpi
ngubi dat dupe, hp trb nen that vpng. Ne'u chuyen nay xay
ra vbi nhung ngubi thupc quyen quan ly cua ban, no khong
chi gay thiet hai cho no luc cua cac nhan vien, ma con ton
hai vai trb lanh dao cua ban. Mpt lanh dao tbi phong van ke,
mpt lan, anh chuyen tbi vung Tay Bac nubc My de nhan
nhiem vu dieu hanh mpt don vi dang suy yeu. Chi trong 9
thang, anh da tang gap dbi hieu qua cua don vi.
Khi anh tbi buoi hpp xet duyet hang nam, thanh tich cua
anh hoan toan bi phot lb. Anh dupe biet tat ca nhan vien se
dupe tang them 5% luong. Dieu nay that khb chap nhan, bbi
vi anh chi dupe thubng giong lanh dao cac phong khac,
ngay ca nhung ngubi khong tao ra su tien bp dang ke nao.
Nhung con te hon khi biet muc tang luong cua anh se bi cat
xuong con 3,75% vi anh chua lam b do he't mpt nam. Lam
sao anh khong thay nan long dupe!

359

NHA LANH DAO 360

3. Dung t u o n g t h u o n g mpi ngudi gl6ng nhau
Cau chuyen tren dua chung ta den y tiep theo. Neu ban
mub'n trb thanh mpt lanh dao hieu qua, ban khong the khen
thubng mpi ngubi cung mpt each. Day la sue ep lbn cua hau
he't cac lanh dao. Tru nhung
ngubi dung dau cua to chuc,
nhung ngubi con lai deu mub'n ai
"Bai cti doanh nghiep
nao khen thuong nguoi
cung dupe db'i xu nhu nhau. Hp
trbn viec va ngudi lam
nbi rang hp mub'n mpi thu "cong
viec nhiet tinh bang
bang". Nhung cb cong bang
nhau, sam muon gi ciing
khong khi mpt ngubi dbng gbp
se thay doanh nghiep
gap hai lan vao doanh thu so vbi
minh co nhieu ke tron
dbng nghiep khac nhung lai dupe
viec han ngubi lam viec
khen thubng bang nhau? Ngubi
nhiet tinh."
phai ganh vac ca nhom cb nen
- Mick Delaney
dupe khen thubng nhu ngubi
anh ta lien luc phai ganh vac
khong? Tbi khong nghi vay. Mick Delaney nbi: "Bat cu
doanh nghiep nao khen thubng ngubi trbn viec va ngubi
lam viec nhiet tinh bang nhau, sbm muon gi cung se thay
doanh nghiep minh cb nhieu ke trb'n viec han ngubi lam
viec nhiet tinh."
Vay ban bat tay giai quye't sue ep cong bang nhu the nao
trong khi van thubng cho thanh tich? Khen cho no luc,
nhung chi thubng cho ket qua. Bbi vi bat cu dieu gi dupe
khen deu dupe lap lai, ne'u ban lien tuc khen cho no luc va
thuc hien dieu do vbi tat ca mpi ngubi, ho se tie'p tuc lam

360

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

viec cham chi. Neu ho ctang duoc dat dung so truong va luc
nao cung lam viec cham chi, thi cuoi cung hp se dat ket qua
tot. Toi luc ay, hay thuong hp bang tai chinh.
4. Ben canh luong nen c6 "b6ng 16c"
Phai thua nhan rang lanh dao cap trung cua to chuc
thubng cb nhung han che trong viec thubng cho cac nhan
vien tren phuong dien tai chinh. Vay nha lanh dao 360 phai
lam the nao? Hay thubng nhan vien bang nhung hinh thuc
bong 16c khac. Thu tubng tuong se the nao neu ban danh
cho dau xe dac quyen cua minh cho mot nhan vien trong ca
mpt tuan hay mpt thang? Ngubi nhan se cam kich tbi muc
nao? Ban co the chia se bat cu dac quyen hay bong 16c nao
vbi nhung ngubi lam viec vbi minh, co the la mpt cho dau
xe, ve xem phim, xem ca nhac, hay viec dupe su dung can
hp cua cong ty.
Mpt linh vuc khac ban co the chia se "su giau co" cua
minh la cac moi quan he cua ban. Thubng chi nhung lanh
dao vung vang mbi thuc hien dupe viec nay. Neu ban gibi
thieu nhan vien ciia minh vbi mpt so nguoi ban quen biet cb the la nhung ngubi quan trong hay nhung chuyen gia,
nhan vien cb the thay thich thu hoac tan dung dupe su giup
do. Hp se thay dupe tuong thubng va se biet on vi dieu do.
Cuoi ciing, mac du dieu nay co ve hoi ky quae, toi muon
khuyen ban co gang mb rpng bong 16c va su cong nhan tbi
nhung thanh vien trong gia dinh cua nhan vien vao nhung
dip thich hop. Hp thubng la nhung ngubi phai hy sinh rat
361

NHA LANH DAO 360"

nhieu de nhan vien ciia ban hoan thanh cong viec, dac biet la
trong con khung hoang. Mot lanh dao tbi phong van ke cau
chuyen cb the giup xac nhan tac dong tich cue cua su cong
nhan nhu vay. Anh ke rang he thb'ng den ciia to chuc bi hong
chi hai tuan trubc khi to chuc chuan bi thuc hien ke hoach san
xuat. De khong lam hong ke hoach, toan bo he thb'ng phai
dupe thay mbi trong thbi han mpt tuan, va anh dupe chi dinh
giam sat viec thi cong. Te hai hon, toan bb viec nay lai xay ra
vao thang 12, khi Giang sinh sap den.
Ngubi quan ly bat tay vao cong viec mpt tuan trubc ngay
van hanh san xuat, va khi tho dien tbi de cung tien hanh,
anh da khong roi vi tri cua minh. Anh biet neu anh ve nha
khi nhom tho dang lam viec, tien dp se bi tri hoan. Tuan do,
anh lam viec hon mot tram gib, tat ca cac bua an la b noi lam
viec, va anh ciing khong dupe gap cac con suot ca tuan.
Anh hoan thanh vao ngay chu nhat, bao cao cong viec
vao sang hbm sau. Sep da danh cho anh mpt dieu bat ngo.
Biet rang anh da 15 mat thbi gian danh cho dua con trai nam
tub'i, sep sap xep cho con trai anh tham d u buoi hpp quan
trpng dupe len lich cho buoi sang hbm do. Vay la trong luc
nhung ngubi lbn ngoi hpp, cau be ngoi trong long nguoi cha
va to mau. Sau do, vi lanh dao do ke vbi tbi: "Tien thubng
that tuyet vbi. Nhung mon qua that de thuong. Nhung giay
phut do, viec ton vinh su hy sinh ciia tbi vbi gia dinh, cb y
nghia hon bat cii thii gi!"

362

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI

5. Thang chuc khi cd thi
Neu ban phai lua chpn giua thang chuc cho mot ai do
trong nhom hay dua mot ai do t u ben ngoai vao - vbi dieu
kien la tat ca nhan to khac deu nhu nhau - hay thang chuc
cho ngubi trong nhom. Thang chuc la mpt su khen thubng
dac biet, no mang y nghia: "Ban da hoan thanh tot cong viec,
chung tbi hn rang ban cb the lam tot hon, va day la phan
thubng cho nhung gi ban da no luc". Su thang chuc tot nhat
lai la mpt viec khong can phai giai thich, bbi vi nhung ai lam
viec cung vbi ngubi dupe thang chiic deu da chung kie'n
ngubi ay truong thanh de "mac vua ao mbi".
6. Hay ludn nhd "tri thu gl, nhan thCr ay"
Cach day khong lau, tbi mbi mpt lanh dao tre tham d u
mpt bubi thao luan ban trbn vbi lanh dao b cac nha thb lbn
hong khu vuc. Nhung dien dan nhu the nay rat bb ich bbi v i
cac lanh dao dong cap cb the nbi chuyen ve nhung no luc
ciia hp, chia se thong hn va hpc hbi h i ngubi khac. Trong
mpt bubi thao luan, hp ban ve nhan vien va ngan sach, lan
lupt timg ngubi chia se ve phan tram ngan sach danh cho
viec tra nhan vien. Khi tbi lupt mpt lanh dao tre, anh ta vpi
chuyen de tai.
Sau do, toi nbi chuyen vbi anh, anh cho tbi biet khi thao
luan, anh chpt nhan ra minh dang tra cho nhan vien ciia
minh qua thap, boi v i phan tram ngan sach danh cho nhan
vien ciia anh rat thap. Sau cupc hpp do, anh hpp vbi hpi
dong quan tri va thay db'i toan bp khung luong. Anh nbi
363

NHA LANH DAO 360

rang nha thd cua anh gid co dpi ngu nhan vien tot nhat tir
trudc tdi nay, va hp that su "dang dong tien bat gao". Anh
khdng mub'n mat mpt thanh vien quy gia nao chi v i van de
tien luong.
Mot lanh dao cb the thue nhan vien vdi gia re. Va dbi khi,
van cb the giu chan vai ngudi gidi du tra luong khong cao.
Nhung ve lau dai, ban can tra muc ma hp xung dang dupe
nhan. Ne'u khong, rot cue, ban se d lai vdi nhung ngubi
xung dang vdi muc luong ban tra.

Khi con la hpc sinh trong gid hpc khoa hpc, ban da bao
gid thuc hanh vdi mpt cai can co Id chua? Cai can do cb cau
tao gom hai cai dia nong dupe treo bang spi day xich nhb
nbi vdi hai dau don bay. Ne'u dat mpt vat nang mpt can len
mpt cai dia, ban can dat mpt vat khac nang tuong duong
vao cai dia kia de cho can thang bang.
Viec lanh dao giong vdi mpt trong nhung dia can do.
Nhung phan thubng lanh dao trao tang dupe ddi trpng bdi
ket qua ma nhan vien den dap lai. Trong mpt td chuc, cac
dia can ludn chuyen dpng, lech ve dia can ben nay hay dia
can ben kia. Cac dia can t u thang bang khi chung nang
ngang nhau, va chung se luon can bang.
Lanh dao luon mudn ket qua tuyet vdi hon, bdi vi do la cai
dich cua su thuc hien tam nhin. Tac dpng, lpi nhuan, va thanh
cdng cua mpt to chuc deu bat nguon tir mong mudn do. Vdi
tu each la mot lanh dao, ban cd mot lua chon. Ban cd the co
364

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DU6l

gang thuc day nhan vien ciia ban cho nhieu hon, hy vong
dung dua cai can theo y thich. Hoac ban cb the chat them vao
dra can phan thubng - do la ben duy nha't ban cb the cb anh
hubng dang ke va doi cai can ve lai muc do ma b do cac nhan
vien dap lai bang viec san xuat nhieu hon. Do la viec nha lanh
dao 360 thuc hien. Ho tap trung vao thu ho cb the cho, chu
khong phai thu ho cb the nhan. Bang each cho nhieu hon, ho
nhan nhieu hon, va nhan vien cua hp cung vay.

365

NHA LANH DAO 360

TOM TAT CHUONG 5

CAC NGUYEN TAC LANH DAO CAP DUOI
Ban dang dua vao tam anh huong de lanh dao cap duoi
nhu mpt nha lanh dao 360? Hay xem lai bay nguyen tac ban
can thanh thao de lanh dao cap duoi:
NGUYEN TAC #1: Bubc cham rai qua khu vuc lam viec cua
nhan vien
NGUYEN TAC #2: Coi mbi ngubi la mpt diem 10
NGUYEN T A C #3: Phat trien tung nhan vien vbi t u each
mpt con ngubi
NGUYEN TAc #4: Su dung nhan vien dung so truong cua hp
NGUYEN T A C #5: Mub'n ngubi khac lam gi, ban than hay
lam guong
NGUYEN TAc #6: Truyen tai tam nhin
NGUYEN TAc #7: Tubng thubng thanh tich

366

G I A T R I
N H A

L A N H

C U A
D A O

360

ro thanh nha lanh dao 360 khong don gian, nhanh

chong va co rat nhieu viec can lam. Nhung no xung

dang voi timg no luc nhb. Trong suot nhung nam toi day
nghe thuat lanh dao va lam t u van, chua co lanh dao nao
toi gap toi than tho: "Trong to chuc ciia chung toi co qua
nhieu lanh dao". Vay nen, du co bao nhieu lanh dao gibi, to
chiic cua ban van can them nhieu nha lanh dao 360 - va
can ban.

367

NHA LANH DAO 360

Khi co' gang phat trien ban than thanh mot nha lanh dao,
khong phai luc nao ban cung thanh cong, hay duoc tubng
thubng xung dang. Dbi khi cap tren cb the khong lang nghe
ban. Dbng nghiep cb the phot lb ban. Nhan vien cb the
khong theo ban. Va ban cam thay cong viec lanh dao ngay
cang khb khan.
Du xay ra dieu gi, dung de dieu do lam ban nan chi. Bang
each trb thanh mpt lanh dao tot hon, ban gia tang gia tri to
lbn cho to chuc cua minh. Thanh hay bai deu do yeu to lanh
dao. Cang trb thanh nha lanh dao 360 xuat sac, ban cang co
kha nang tao ra tam anh hubng lbn.
Khi ban tbi gan phan ket cua cub'n sach nay, tbi muon
khuyen khich ban tie'p tuc phat trien va hpc hbi. Va tbi
mub'n cho ban biet ly do ban nen lien tuc lam viec de trb
thanh nha lanh dao 360. Hay doc tie'p. Mbi khi ban gap
khb khan, hay suy nghi ve nhung dieu nay de luon ghi nhb
tai sao ban nen tie'p tuc cb gang va tiep tuc lanh dao t u vi
tri lanh dao cap trung!

368

G I A T R I #1

M O T

N H O M

L A N H

H I E U Q U A
M O T

N G l / O I

D A O

H O N

L A N H

D A O

L a n h dao la mpt ky nang kho va phuc tap, mpt ky nang

chua ai co the tinh thong. Trong vai tro lanh dao, toi
lam tot mot so viec nhung cung co viec toi chua lam tot. Toi
chac chan ban cung vay. Ngay ca
nhung lanh dao v i dai nhat trong
ljch su cung cb nhung han che va
nhupc diem.
Vay giai phap la gi? Cac to
chiic can phat trien cac nhom
lanh dao b mpi cap! Mpt nhom
369

tr

Va decdc nhom phat

ien tren moi cap, thi to
chiic ciing can co cac
;*/,
dao o moi cap.

NHA LANH DAO 360

cac nha lanh dao lam viec cung nhau luon hieu qua hon chi
co mot nha lanh dao lam viec mot minh. Va de cac nhom
phat trien tren moi cap, thi to chuc cung can co cac lanh dao
b mpi cap.

CAC NHA LANH DAO XAY DUNG NHOM

La mpt lanh dao cap trung, ne'u ban dan dat tot nhom,
ban se giup cong ty phat trien tot hon, gbp phan dat dupe
tam nhin. Ban se gia tang gia tri bat ke ban phuc vu tai vi tri
nao trong to chuc. Khi ban lam vay, hay ghi nhb nhung y
tubng sau.
1. Nha lanh dao nhin xa trdng r$ng sin sang tuyln mQ
nhung nguoi gl6i hon minh
Mpt lanh dao tbi phong van trong qua trinh viet cub'n
sach nay nbi rang thbi diem quan trpng nhat trong hanh
trinh lanh dao cua ngubi do xay ra khi cb ngubi hbi anh:
"Lieu anh cb tuyen nhung ngubi ma anh biet se dua to chuc
hen len, nhung anh phai tra cho hp nhieu hon ca luong ciia
minh?" Anh ke rang, cau hbi do that su cub'n hut tam tri
anh. Anh tran trb ve no rat lau. Cuoi cung, khi ket luan rang
minh van se tuyen nhung ngubi do, quan diem ve nhom ciia
anh va ban than anh da that su thay dbi.
Nha lanh dao 360 san sang tuyen dung nhung ngubi gibi
hon ho- Vi sao? Vi khao khat cua hp la thuc hien tam nhin.
Do la dieu quan trpng nha't. Bat cii khi nao cac lanh dao tu
370

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

thay minh ich ky hay nhb nhen, hay nen nhan ra rang ho
ctang cti chech huong tam nhin. Cach de quay lai diing
duong la dat tam nhin len truoc.
2. Nha ISnh dao sang su6t tap hpp mpi nguoi
vao nh6m
Lanh dao bat dau cb duoc su khbn ngoan khi nhan ra
khong the tu minh lam tot tat ca mpi viec. Khi hp nhan ra
dieu nay, hp cb the phat trien tinh khiem nhubng va bat dau
xay dung nhom.
Mbi ngubi deu can cb nhung ngubi khac trong nhom de
hoan thien chinh minh. Nha lanh dao 360 khong xay dung
nhom de cb ngubi phuc vu minh. Hp khong tuyen dung
nhan su de lam nhung cong viec mb am hay trb thanh ke sai
vat. Hp kiem tim nhung ngubi gibi nha't de ca nhom dat
dupe hieu qua cao nha't.
Chris Hodges ke rang mot trong nhung each bng hpc
dupe gia tri cua lam viec nhom la quan sat cac nghi si lam
viec b Washington, D.C. Khi cac ha nghi si mub'n de trinh
mpt du luat, viec dau tien hp can lam la tim mpt ngubi dong
bao lanh cho d u luat. Chris ghi nhb dieu do. Ong nbi rang
trubc khi co gang hoan thanh bat a i viec gi, viec dau tien
ong lam la lap mpt nhom nhung ngubi tin tubng vao cong
viec minh dang lam. Mpt nhom luon lam viec hieu qua hon
mpt ca nhan.

371

NHA LANH DAO 360

3. Lanh dao vung vang trao quy<en cho nh6m cua hp
Wayne Schmidt noi: "Khong co nang luc ca nhan nao bii
dap noi su thieu vung vang ca nhan." Cau noi nay hoan
toan chinh xac. Lanh dao thieu vung vang luon la ngudi
phai ra di dau tien. Ho lam cho
ban than trb nen met mbi. Trai
lanh dao vung vang chu
"Khdng co nang luc cd
nhan nao bit ddvnoi su
t r ( ? n g

&

neu vung vang

ca nhan.

ngubi khac lam tot cong viec. Ho

,
hanh phuc de nhom cua hp nhan
- Wayne Schmidt
'
y

- ngubi khac thanh cong thbi thuc

hp trang b i dao tao, phat trien va
trao quyen cho nhan vien cua minh. Bat cu khi nao ban chu
trpng vao ngubi khac, he qua tat yeu se la su trao quyen.
c

l a Q

k h a t

m u 6

t h a

4. Nha lanh dao day dan kinh nghlgm Diet

l i n g nghe
Lanh dao day dan kinh nghiem thubng lang nghe trubc
khi chi huy. Tubng Tommy Franks nbi:
Cac V] tudng khdng the khdng pham sai lam. Chi huy cac quan nhan vdi
tu cdch la mpt vi tudng cd y nghia nhieu han viec hoach dinh sach luge
va ra menh lenh. Cac si quan chi huy lu doan va tieu doan, nhung ngubi
chi huy dai dpi va cac lanh dao trung dpi - tat cd ho deu bie't sire manh
va diem yeu cua dan vi hp nhieu han ede tudng lanh dao cap tren. VI the,
mpt vi tudng thanh cdng phai nghe nhieu hon ndi.

372

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Lanh dao thieu kinh nghiem thuong lanh dao truoc khi
lang nghe (do la trong truong hop hp co lang nghe). Khi
nguoi lanh dao khong lang nghe, hp
khong biet dupe suy nghi ciia nhan
vien. Hp khong biet nhung ngubi di
lanh dao thieu
theo ho can gi va mub'n gi. Hp
kinh nghiem thudng
khong biet chuyen gi dang dien ra.
hinh dao truoc khi
Lanh dao gibi hieu rang ngubi sau
ghe.
sat vbi cong viec nha't la ngubi that
su nam rb tinh hinh.
n

Ne'u nhan vien cua ban khong di theo ban, ban can lang
nghe nhieu hon nua. Ban khong can phai manh me hon. Ban
khong can tim kiem them quyen luc. Ban khong can chi trich
hp gay gat. Ne'u ban lang nghe, hp se de di theo ban hon nhieu.
5. Nha lanh dao nang sut hllu rang 1 la con s6 qua
nhd be 64 dat dupe 6l6u vT dai
Hon 20 nam qua, tbi da chiing kie'n cac xu hubng trong
kinh doanh va hoat dbng phi lpi nhuan, cung nhu giai phap
ma cac to chiic sir dung de cai thien va giai quye't van de. Tbi
chung kien mpt xu hubng thay dbi rb rang. Cb le ban cung da
thay no.
Trong nhung nam 1980, h i khoa la quan ly; t u tubng la
can mpt nha quan ly de tao ra su nha't quan.
Trong nhung nam 1990, quan niem chu yeu la ca nhan
lanh dao. Cac to chiic thay rang can cb lanh dao bbi vi
mpi thii thay db'i qua nhanh chong.
373

NHA LANH DAO 360

Trong rmung nam 2000, tu tuong la nhom lanh dao. Bdi
vi viec lanh dao mpt to chuc tro nen qua phuc tap va da
sac dien, each duy nhat de tien len la phat trien mpt
nhom cac nha lanh dao.
Toi cho rang cac to chiic se dupe cai thien rat nhieu khi hp
phat trien cac nhom, boi vi cong viec lanh dao qua phuc tap.
Ban khong the chi lam mpt viec xuat sac ma trb thanh lanh
dao gibi. Ban tham chi khong the lanh dao chi theo mpt
hubng, ban can cac ky nang de lanh dao cap tren, cap duoi
va dong cap! Mpt nhom lanh dao se luon hieu qua hon mot
vi chi huy truong. Va mot nhom lanh dao 360 se hieu qua
hon cac kieu nhom lanh dao khac.

374

G I A T H I #2

T O

C H U t

C A C L A N H

C A N

D A O 6

M O I C A P

am 2004, toi giang ve nghe thuat lanh dao cho cac

hua'n luyen vien va nhung nguoi tim kiem tai nang

giai NFL tai Senior Bowl 6 Mobile, Alabama. Do that su la
mot kinh nghiem dang nhb. Mot trong nhung van de tbi
giang ngay hbm do la ve Nguyen tac Lpi the: "Giua hai dpi
bong ngang tai ngang sue thi su khac biet chinh la vai trb
lanh dao."
Sau buoi giang, tbi nbi chuyen vbi quan ly cua mpt trong
cac dpi, va bng ay da cung cb' lai nhan dinh cua tbi. Ong nbi
rang do su dong deu ve tai nang trong giai NFL, nen lpi the
den tir vai trb lanh dao - tir bng chu tich, huah luyen vien
375

NHA LANH DAO 360"

truong, cac tra ly va ca nhung cau thu. Vai tro lanh dao tao
ra su khac biet b moi cap cua to chuc.

DIEU GI XAY RA NEU KHONG CO LANH DAO ?

Tbi biet minh nbi dieu nay qua thubng xuyen den nbi
mot so ngubi phat met vi phai nghe no, nhung tbi that su tin
tubng dieu do. Thanh hay bai deu do yeu to lanh dao. Ne'u
ban khong tin, chi can tap hop mot nhom ngubi lam viec vbi
nhau ma khong cb ngubi lanh dao, va quan sat nhung ngubi
nay. Ho se thu dbng. Khi khong cb lanh dao gibi trong mot
nhom, mot phong ban, b vi tri dau cua to chuc, hay dung
dau mot gia dinh, thi nhung hau qua sau se xay ra:
Khdng c6 lanh dao, tSm nhin mSt y nghia
Ne'u mot nhom khoi su vbi mot tam nhin nhung khong
cb lanh dao, nhom se gap khb khan. Vi sao? Neu khong cb
lanh dao, tam nhin se mat dan y nghia va ca nhom se pho
mac cho tbi khi khong con ai nhan ra phuong hubng.
Trai lai, ne'u mot nhom bat dau vbi mot lanh dao nhung
thieu mot tam nhin, nhom van lam viec tot bbi vi cuoi cung
nhom cung se cb mot tam nhin. Tbi nbi nhu vay la vi ne'u
ban phai djnh nghia ngubi lanh dao bang mot t u duy nha't,
cb le tu hop nha't la ngubi nhin xa trong rbng. Cac lanh dao
luon cb tam nhin, va tam nhin do khong nhung chi cho ho
phuong hubng, ma con dan dubng cho nhan vien ciia ho.

376

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Khdng co lanh dao, cac quyet d j n h bj t r i hoan
Toi rat tam dac voi cau chuyen Tong thong Reagan da
hpc dupe su can thiet phai dua ra quye't dinh tir khi con be
nhu the nao. Khi Reagan con be, mpt ngubi bac tot bung
dua bng di dat mpt dbi giay. Ngubi tho giay hbi bng mub'n
giay cua minh mui vubng hay mui trbn, nhung cau be
Reagan cb ve khong the quye't dinh ngay dupe.
"Mpt, hai ngay nua quay lai day va cho bac biet quye't
dinh cua chau," - ngubi tho giay bao cau be. Nhung Reagan
khong quay lai. Khi ngubi tho giay gap cau be tren pho va
lai hbi xem cau muon kieu giay nao, Reagan tra lbi: "Chau
van chua quye't dinh dupe."
"Tot", ngubi tho giay dap lai, "Giay cua chau se xong vao
ngay mai."
Khi Reagan tbi lay giay, bng phat hien ra mpt chiec giay
mui trbn, con chiec kia mui vubng. Sau nay Reagan nbi:
"Cau chuyen dbi giay do da day tbi mpt bai hpc. Ne'u anh
khong ru minh quye't dinh, ngubi khac se lam dieu do."
Khong phai ngubi ra quye't dinh gibi nao cung la lanh
dao, nhung lanh dao gibi la
ngubi biet ra quye't dinh. Lanh
dao thubng phai ra quye't dinh,
Khong phai nguoi ra
ne'u khong phai ho la ngubi true
tie'p ra quye't dinh thi cung la
,. ,, ,
nguoi can giup nguoi khac ra

,
quyet dinh nhanh hon.
377

-fy# i 8
" *

[
nhung lanh dao gioi la
, ,
,. ,
nguoi biet ra quyet dinh.
c

n h

i 6 i

n h

Aa0

NHA LANH DAO 360

Khdng cd lanh dao, chuong t r i n h n g h | su se tang len
theo cap sd nhan
Khi mpt nhom nguoi tap hpp lai voi nhau ma khong co
nguoi lanh dao ro rang thi cac ca nhan bat dau lam theo
chuong trinh nghi su cua ho. Va khong lau sau, tat ca mpi
ngubi se lam viec cua hp. Cac nhom can vai trb lanh dao de
dem lai mpt tie'ng nbi thb'ng nha't.
Khdng cd lanh dao, cac xung ddt keo dai
Mpt trong nhung vai trb quan trpng nha't cua nha lanh
dao la giai quyet xung dpt. Khi thieu vang vai trb lanh dao,
cac xung dot luon keo dai hon va gay nhieu ton that hon.
Lanh dao phai can thiep vao cac xung dot, tap hpp mpi
ngubi lai thao luan va giai quye't mpi viec. Khi ban lanh dao
ngubi khac, ban can luon san sang lam nhung dieu can thiet
de giup nhan vien giai quye't xung dpt.
Khdng cd lanh dao, tinh thin xudng ddc
Khi khong cb lanh dao, mpi ngubi thubng mat hy vpng
va tinh than sa sut. Tai sao lai nhu vay? Bbi vi tinh than cb
the dupe dinh nghia la "niem tin vao lanh dao dung dau".
Khdng cd lanh dao, hlu qui glim siit
Pham chat dau hen cua ngubi lanh dao la kha nang khien
mpi viec xay ra. Mpt hong nhung cau chuyen ua thich cua tbi,

378

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

giup minh hoa thuc re nay bat nguon tir cube dbi cua Charles
Schwab, ngubi timg dieu hanh U. S. Steel. Schwab, ke:
Tdi timg cd mot vi quart ly xudng dupe dao tao tot, rat co nang luc va
gidi kinh doanh. Nltung duong nhu anh ta khdng the truyen cam hung
cho nhan vien ciia minh de hp no luc hit minh.
Mpt horn tdi hdi anh ta: "Tai sao mpt ngudi cd nang luc nhu anh lai
khdng the dua nhd may nay dat hieu qua md no nen dat tdi nhi?"

"Toi khdng bii't", anh ta trd ldi, "Tdi da do danh, thuc ep, tham chi mang
nhii'c cac cdng nhan. Tdi da lam mpi thu trong quyen han cua minh. Thi'
md hp van khdng chiu san xuat."
Luc do, da gan hit ngay, chi vai phut nua la tdi ca lam dim; tdi budc tdi
chd mpt cdng nhan dieng canh mot Id luyen kim dang hoat ddng va xin
anh ta mpt mau phan.
"Horn nay, ca ciia anh do duoc may khudn?" Tdi hdi.
"Sdu," anh ta trd ldi.
Tdi vii't mot so "6 " that ldn tin san, roi di khoi, chang not nang gi. Khi
kip lam dim tdi, hp thay so "6" va hdi no nghia la gi.
"Sep ldn tdi day horn nay. Ong ay hdi chiing tdi do duoc may khudn, khi
chiing tdi ndi vdi dng la sdu khudn. Ong vii't no xudng san."
Sang horn sau, tdi trd lai xudng. Tdi thay so'"6" da hi xda di va thay vao
do la mpt so "7" rat ldn. Ca lam dim da tu minh thong bao. Toi hdm do,
tdi quay lai. So' "7" da bi xda di, va mpt so "10" ngqo nghe d chd do. Tlio
lam ca ngay khdng cung khdng muon thua kem ca dim. Va nhu vay Id
cupc thi dua da bat dau va cu tiep tuc cho tdi khi xudng nay trudc kia
san xuat kem nhat, trd thanh xudng tot nhat trong cd nha may.
379

NHA LANH DAO 360

Lanh dao rat sang tao trong viec tim ra cac each giup
nguoi khac trd nen hieu qua. Doi khi, dieu do co nghia la tao
ra mot thach thuc, cung co khi la dao tao moi ngudi, hoac
dpng vien hay tang tien thudng. Ne'u co mpt each thuc hieu
qua vdi tat ca mpi nguoi trong moi tinh hudng, thi se khong
can lanh dao. Nhung vi cac tinh huong lien tuc thay doi, nen
luon can phai co lanh dao de tim ra nhung giai phap can
thiet va bie'n giai phap do thanh hanh dpng.
Khdng co lanh dao, to chuc khb dat duot
thanh cong
Tbi tin la nhieu ngubi mudn bd qua tam quan trpng cua
vai trb lanh dao khi ban tbi thanh cdng cua to chuc. Ho khong
thay, va trong mpt so trudng hpp, hp khdng mudn thay dieu
do. Dieu nay dung vdi Jim Collins, tac gia cud'n sach Good to
Great. Tbi rung gap Collins va cb the khang dinh rang bng la
mpt ngudi rat thong minh va sac sao. Nhung dng khong
mub'n de cap den vai trb lanh dao trong ban nghien cuu dinh
hinh nen nen tang cua cub'n sach. Ong viet:

Tdi dua cho nhom nghien cuu nhirng hudng dan ro rang va quye't doan
rdng nen xem nhe vai trd ciia cac giam doc dieu hanh cao cap de chiing ta
cd the tranh tu tudng don gian hoa "tin tudng lanh dao" hay "doldi cho
lanh dao" rai pho bie'n ngay nay... Tdi cho rdng, mdi khi gdn moi thie
cho "vai trd lanh dao", chang qua chung ta dang thua nhan su ngu dot
ciia minh. Vi vay, ngay khi mdi thuc hien du an, tdi yeu cau: "Dieng
quan tam den cac giam doc dieu hanh", nhung nhom nghien cieu lien tuc
giei phan ddi ve, cuoi ciing - ludn ludn vay - die lieu gianh phan thang.

380

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Collins tie'p tuc mo ta lanh dao cap do nam - lanh dao the
hien y chi manh me va su khiem ton tuyet voi - va lam the
nao ma moi cong ty v i dai ho nghien cuu deu duoc mot lanh
dao nhu the dan dat.
Vai tro lanh dao luon tao anh huong, ngay ca khi ban
khong muon nhu vay. To chuc cua ban se khong hoat dbng
dong bp ne'u thieu nhung nha lanh dao kien dinh trong mdi
phong ban hay bd phan. Can cb nhung nha lanh dao 360 d
mpi cap de lanh dao to chiic xuat sSc.

381

G I A TPvI

L A N H
T H A N H
L A N H

D A O 6

C A P

C O N G L A D I E U K I E N
D A O 6

C A P C A O

D E

H O N

ac to chiic dang Ion manh luon tim kiem nhirng nguoi

gioi de thang chiic va de hp lanh dao. Lam the nao to

chiic tim dupe mpt nguoi co dii nang luc lanh dao d cap cao
hon? Hp xem xet qua trinh lam viec ciia ngudi do d cuong vi
hien tai. Bi quyet de thang tien nhu mpt lanh dao ndi bat la
tap trung lanh dao tot vi tri hien tai cua ban, chii khong phai
tap trung vao viec thang tien. Ne'u ban la mpt nha lanh dao
360 gidi d vi tri hien tai, tdi tin rang ban se dupe trao co hpi
de lanh dao d cap cao hon.
Khi no luc trb thanh nha lanh dao 360 gibi nha't, ban hay
ghi nhd nhung dieu sau:
382

GlA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

1. Lanh dao la m p t cupc hanh t r i n h b i t d i i i t i r v| t r i
hln tai, khdng p h i i v| t r i m o utVc
Gan clay, khi toi dang lai xe, mot chiec xe di ben trai tbi co
re sang phai t u giua dubng va gay tai nan. May man la tbi
giam toe dp kip thbi va giam bat dupe su va cham; song cai
tui hoi ciia tbi van bat ra, va hai cai xe deu bi hong nang.
Sau khi dung lai va danh gia tinh hinh, tbi de y thay man
hinh may tinh nhb trong xe tbi dang hien thi vi tri chinh xac
cua tbi theo he thong GPS. Tbi dam chieu ngam nghia no
mpt lat, khong hieu cai xe cho tbi biet chinh xac kinh dp va
v! dp vi tri ciia tbi de lam gi. Roi toi nghi, tat nhien roi! Ne'u
ban dang gap rac roi that su va ban goi dien xin tro giup,
dieu dau hen nhan vien cuu nan mub'n biet la vi tri cua ban.
Ban khong the tbi bat cii dau cho den khi ban biet chinh xac
minh dang b dau.
Vai trb lanh dao cung tuong
tu nhu vay. De biet dubng den
Tdi chua timg biet
\ ban mub'n, ban can biet minh
mot ngudi nao tap trung
vao ngay horn qua de co
^
^
mot ngay mai

. , .
. ,
, ,
, ,
\r
,
cone viec hien tai cua minh. Nha
tot dep horn.

' , "
,

van chuyen viet ve de tai the thao

Ken Rosenthals da nbi: "Mbi lan
ban quyet djnh leo len tie'p, ban
nhan ra minh dang dung b chan mpt cai thang khac". Ban
can don toan tam toan y cho cac trach nhiem hien tai cua
minh, khong phai nhung thii ban mo ubc cb dupe vao mpt
n a
d

&

D g

t |

x T

383

NHA LANH DAO 360

ngay nao do. Toi chua timg biet mot ngubi nao tap trung
vao ngay hbm qua de cb mot ngay mai tot dep hon.
2. Cac ky nang lanh dao khdng d6l, nhung
"dang c i p " thay ddi
Neu ban duoc thang chuc, dung cho rang v i van phong
mbi chi each van phong cu vai met hanh lang nen su khac
biet cung chi la vai bubc chan. Khi ban nhan duoc "quye't
dinh bb nhiem" len mot nac cao hon, "dang cap" cua ban
cung phai tang len nhanh chong.
Lanh dao b moi cap deu can cb ky nang lanh dao. Mbi
cap mbi dbi hbi mot trinh dp ky nang cao hon. Chung ta cb
the de dang thay dupe dieu nay, nha't la trong linh vuc the
thao. Mpt so cau thu cb the dupe tuyen vao giai trung hpc tu
cac giai dau giai tri. So it hon sau do dupe nhay tir hang
trung hpc len hang dai hpc. Va chi mpt it ngubi cub'i cung cb
the len dupe hang chuyen nghiep.
Co hpi tot nha't de len dupe "giai dau" cao hon la choi tot b
giai hien tai de cb kha nang dupe thi dau trong giai tie'p theo.
3. Trach nhl$m ldn chi din sau khi hoan thanh t6t
trach nhi$m n h d
Trong nhung bubi hbi thao hay nhung bubi ky tang sach,
thinh thoang tbi dupe nghe mpi ngubi tam su hp rat mub'n
viet sach nhu tbi. Hbi hp: "Tbi nen bat dau nhu the nao?"
"Ban da viet dupe nhieu chua?" tbi hbi lai.

384

GIA TRJ CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Mot so ngudi ke vdi tdi ve nhirng bai bao va nhirng doan
van ngan ho viet, va tdi khuyen khich hp; nhung hau nhu
rat nhieu ngudi nguong ngung tra lbi: "Tbi chua that su viet
bat cu thu gi bao gib."
"Vay thi ban can bat dau viet di," tbi giai thich, "Ban phai
bat daiu tu nhung doan viet ngan va phat trien trien dan len."
Viec lanh dao d i n g giohg nhu vay. Ban phai bat dau tir
nhung viec nhd va phat trien dan len. Mpt ngudi trudc do
chua timg lanh dao can cd gang gay anh hudng len mpt
ngudi khac. Mpt ngudi khac da cb chut it anh hubng thi co
glng xay dung mpt nhom. Hay bat dau vdi bat ky dieu gi
can thiet.
Thanh Francis nbi: "Bat dau thuc hien viec can lam; roi
lam dieu cb the; va bong dung ban lam dupe dieu khong
the." Moi nha lanh dao gidi deu
bat
"Chien cdng hien hach
nhat la chien thang
chinh minh."
- Napoleon

dau

tir vi t r i hien tai.

Napoleon timg ndi: "Chien cdng

hien hach nha't la chie'n thang
h . " Nhung trach nhiem

J-J-,6

m m

ban cb trudc day gid tao

thanh cupc chinh phuc lanh dao

ldn va dau tien ma ban phai tien
hanh. Dung e d g i n g chinh phuc the gidi cho tdi khi ban dam
duong he't cac viec trong "manh san" nhd cua minh.

385

NHA LANH DAO 360

4. Lanh dao d cap hien tai tao cho ban ban " l y l|ch" d l
tien len cSp tiep t h e o
Lan dau den di kham bac si, ban luon duoc hbi rat nhieu
cau hbi ve tieu su gia dinh. Tren thuc te, ludn cd nhieu cau
hbi ve tieu su gia dinh hon la ve lbi song cua ban. Vi sao?
Bbi tieu su gia dinh, cb ve nhu hon bat cu thu gi khac, quye't
dinh sue khbe cua ban.
Khi ban ve thanh cong tren cuong v i lanh dao, tieu su
cung duoc quan tam dac biet nhu vay. Cac lanh dao se nhin
vao ban thanh tich noi ban lam viec va cd' gang danh gia
xem ban cb lam duoc viec hay khong. Tbi biet vay vi khi tbi
phong van tuyen ngudi cho mot cdng viec, tdi cho rang ban
thanh tich chie'm 90% tam quan trong.
Ne'u ban mudn cd co hbi lanh dao b cap cao hon, thi co
hbi thanh cong tot nhat cua ban la lanh dao tot t u vi tri hien
tai. Mbi ngay thanh cong cb nghia la ban dang dien them
vao ban ly hch bng tuyen cdng viec hep theo cua minh.
5. Ne'u lanh dao nhung ngudi tinh nguyen
thanh cdng t h i h i u n h u cd t h i lanh dao b i t cu al
Trong mot hbi thao gan day, chung tbi thao luan ve each
phat trien nang luc lanh dao. Mot CEO hbi tdi: "Lam the nao
tbi cb the lua chpn dupe lanh dao gibi nha't t u mpt nhom cac
lanh dao? Tbi can tim kiem dieu gi?"
Cb nhieu yeu to cho chung ta biet mpt ngudi cd trien
vpng lanh dao - kha nang khien mpi thu xay ra, cac ky nang
lam viec vdi moi ngudi, tam nhin, tham vpng, ky nang giai
386

GIA TRJ CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

quyet van de, ky luat t u giac, dao due cong viec. Song co
mpt bai trac nghiem lanh dao rat dang tin cay, do la: "Yeu
cau hp lanh dao mpt nhom tinh nguyen."
Ne'u ban mub'n sat hach nang luc lanh dao cua ban than,
hay thu lanh dao nhung ngubi tinh nguyen. Tai sao viec do
lai khb nhu vay? Bbi vi vbi nhung tinh nguyen vien, ban
khong cb quyen han. Ban phai the hien mpi tai nang lanh
dao cua minh de khien nhung ngubi vb'n khong cb nghia vu
phai lam lai chap nhan lam nhung viec ban yeu cau. Ne'u
ban khong thu thach, hp se mat hung thu. Ne'u ban thuc ep
qua, hp se khong mub'n lam. Neu cac ky nang lam viec vbi
mpi ngubi cua ban kem, hp se chang mat thbi gian vbi ban.
Neu ban khong the truyen dat tam nhin, ho se khong biet
phai lam gi va v i sao phai lam dieu gi do.
Ne'u ban lanh dao mpt nhom va cong ty ban cb bat cu
kieu dich vu cong dbng nao, hay khuyen khich nhung ngubi
trong nhom tinh nguyen tham gia va quan sat hp thuc hien.
Ne'u hp phat trien trong mbi truong do, thi ban biet rang hp
cb nhieu pham chat dap ung kha nang bubc len nhung nac
thang mbi trong to chuc.
Donald McGannon, cuu CEO cua Tap doan truyen thong
Westinghouse, phat bieu: "Lanh dao la hanh dpng, khong
phai chuc vu." Hay hanh dpng va giup ngubi khac lam nhu
vay trong mpt no luc thong nha't chinh la dieu cot lbi cua vai
trb lanh dao. Hay lam nhung dieu do b vi tri hien tai cua
ban, va ban se khong phai b lai v i tri do lau.

387

G I A T R I #4

L A N H

D A O G I O I C A P
T A O

L A N H

T R U N G

R A

D A O C A P C A O G I O I

H O N

ai nhung quoc gia cong nghiep hoa va thi truong tu do,

vai tro lanh dao thudng duoc coi la dieu hien nhien.
Van hoa lanh dao dan tien trien de dieu hanh nhieu to chuc
tai nhung quoc gia do boi thuong mai va cong nghiep da
phat trien rat manh. Va vi thi truong qua canh tranh, cac
lanh dao phai thubng xuyen lam viec vat va de lien tuc cai
thien nang luc lanh dao cua ho.
Tai nhirng nubc dang phat trien, moi thu khac han. Trong
nam, sau nam qua, tbi danh phan lbn thbi gian di vong
quanh the gibi de truyen dat ve nghe thuat lanh dao. Nhung
gi tbi thay la rat it lanh dao xuat chung - va nha lanh dao

360 - hau nhu khong ton tai. O nhung nubc kem phat trien,
388

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

da so lanh dao rat coi trpng chiic vu. Hp co tao ra khoang
each ven nhan vien. Do la mpt trong nhung nguyen nhan tao
nen khoang each rat 1cm giua nguoi giau va ngudi ngheo.
Tat nhien, co nhieu ngoai le cho su khai quat toi dua ra,
nhung ne'u ban ra nude ngoai nhieu lan, chac han ban cung
de y thay dieu do.
O nhung noi ngubi dung dau co gang kim che mpi
ngudi, su lanh dao tong the ludn rat kem coi. Tai sao lai nhu
vay? Bbi khi tat ca quyen luc tap trung b vi tri dung dau va
khong cb can bp cap trung nao phu giup, lanh dao cap cao
khong the hoat ddng hieu qua.
De ban khdng nghi rang tdi qua phe phan nhung lanh
dao d cac quoc gia dang phat trien, tdi cb the cho ban biet
rang day la van de d bat cii noi nao chi cb mpt lanh dao
dung dau va khong cb nha lanh dao 360 phu giup. Tbi cung
timg trai qua dieu nay khi giu chuc v u lanh dao dau tien.
Tbi da khong cb gang nhan ra, boi duong va trao quyen cho
bat cii ai khac de ciing lanh dao. Ket qua la tdi lanh dao rat
kem, hieu qua tong the cua td chuc con each xa tiem nang
ciia no. Trong hai nam sau khi tdi roi to chiic, no thu nhb lai
con mpt nua so vdi quy md trudc day.
Nang cao gia tri cua lanh dao 360 cap trung rat khd.
Tren thuc te, nhung lanh dao gidi d bat cii vi tri nao trong td
chiic giup nhung lanh dao diing dau gibi hon - va khien
toan the to chiic hoan thien hon rat nhieu.

389

NHA LANH DAO 360

Mdi khi ban tuyen t h e m m 0 t lanh dao gidi, ban cd mot
nhom t d t hon
Cac lanh dao gioi tan dung toi da kha nang cua nhung
nguoi trong nhom. Ho vach ra phuong huong. Ho truyen
cam hung cho nhan vien va giup ho lam viec cung nhau. Ho
thu duoc ket qua. Dieu nay de thay trong the thao khi dpi
bong thay hua'n luyen vien. Khi
mpt lanh dao gibi hon dan dat
dpi bong, van la cac cau thu ay
nhung hp thubng choi b trinh do
cao hon nhieu.
Dieu tuong t u xay ra b bat cu
mb hinh to chuc nao. Khi mpt

Nhirng lanh dao gioi 6

bat cu vi tri nao trong
to chuc giup nhung lanh
dao dung dau gidi hon va khien toan the to chtic
hoan thien hon rai nhieu.

lanh dao gibi tie'p quan dpi ngu

ban hang, thanh tich cua hp tang
len. Khi mpt quan ly gibi tie'p quan mpt nha hang, viec dieu
hanh subn se hon. Khi mpt quan dbc gibi hon chi huy nhom
cong nhan, nhung ngubi nay hoan thanh nhieu viec hon.
Ne'u ban nhin vao toan bp to chuc (gia thiet la no khong
phai cong ty gia dinh), ban se cb kha nang dinh v i nhung
lanh dao du tieu chuan trubc khi ban gap hp. Tat ca nhung
gi ban phai lam la tim kiem nhung nhom lien tuc dat dupe
thanh tich tot. Do la noi cb cac lanh dao gibi.

390

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

TuyeYi t h e m lanh dao gioi giup cac lanh dao
trong t 6 chuc t l l n fc>0

khac

Toi thay rat thii v i khi Tiger Woods tir tay golf nghiep du
tro thanh tay golf chuyen nghiep. Anh choi qua xuat sac
khien cac golf thii con lai tren san trong that tham hai. Anh
gianh cup Master's Tournament dau tien 6 Augusta voi so
diem each biet rat xa nguoi thu nhi; sau do, anh con noi rang
tham chi trong nhung ngay thi dau khong phai luc nao anh
ciing choi 6 phong do tot nha't ciia minh. Nhieu nguoi so
rang Woods se thong tri mon the thao nay va khong ai co
kha nang danh bai anh.
Nhung dieu ly thu xay ra sau khi Woods choi golf duoc
vai nam. Trinh do cua cac golf thu tien bo rb ret. Vi sao? Bbi
vi sue manh tao ra sue manh. Sach Cham ngbn cb cau: " V i
sat mai sat, nen ngubi nay mai sac ngubi kia."
Khi mot lanh dao gibi gia nhap tap the, cac lanh dao khac
bubc phai chu y. Cac lanh dao gioi bbc lb nhung pham chat
tot dep nha't cua cac nhan vien va cua ca cac lanh dao khac.
Cac lanh dao gibi nang thanh tich va thuc day no luc tap the.
Dieu nay thach thuc cac lanh dao khac trong to chuc va bubc
hp phai hoan thien va tien bp.
Lanh dao cap trung gidi gia tang gia tr| cho lanh dao
cap tren
Lanh dao cap trung gan gui vbi nhan vien hon nhung
ngubi dung dau. V i the, hp nam dupe nhieu tinh hinh hon.

391

NHA LANH DAO 360

Ho hieu ro nhung nguoi dang thuc thi cong viec va cac van
de ma nhung nguoi nay doi mat. So voi lanh dao dung dau,
lanh dao cap trung co tam anh huong Ion hon voi nhan vien
cap thap.
Neu trong to chuc khong co lanh dao cap trung gioi, mpi
nguoi va moi viec trong cong ty don he't len lanh dao dung
dau. Trai lai, ne'u lanh dao cap trung kheo leo su dung tam
anh hubng va tan tuy giup do lanh dao dung dau, hp mb
rbng va nbi tam anh hubng cua lanh dao dung dau vupt ra
ngoai kha nang cua sep. Nhb vay, lanh dao dung dau cb kha
nang lam dupe nhieu viec hon la khi hp tu lam mpt minh.
Lanh dao cip trung gldl giup lanh dao cp cao tap
t r u n g vao nhung uu t i e n quan t r p n g
Cang dat den vi tri cao trong to chuc, ban cang thay nhieu
viec hon nhung lai it true hep lam hon. Ban khong the dat
den vi tri cao hon ma van thuc hien tat ca cac nhiem vu hien
tai. Khi thang tien len v i tri cao hon, ban se phai ban giao
nhieu trach nhiem cu cua minh cho ngubi khac. Neu nhung
ngubi dupe phan cong thuc hien nhung nhiem v u do lam
khong tot, ban se phai nhan lai nhung trach nhiem do. Ban
chac chan se khong the thuc hien nhung trach nhiem mbi
hieu qua ne'u dieu do xay ra.
Lanh dao cap cao thubng rat chan nan khi phai quan ly ca
cong viec cua cap duoi, bbi vi lanh dao cap trung lien tuc
can dupe "cam tay chi viec". Ne'u mpt lanh dao phai lam
nhu vay, to chuc rot cue se phai tra mpt cai gia cao de giai
quyet nhung van de cb gia tri thap.
392

GlA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Vi ly do nay, lanh dao dung dau co the chi gioi bang can
bp cap trung. Khi ban thuc thi cong viec xuat sac b cap trung,
ban giai thoat cho cac lanh dao cap tren de hp tap trung vao
viec lbn, cac van de b tren dupe thuc hien xuat sac.
L3nh dao cp trung gl6l thuc day lanh dao cap tren
Hen tuc phat t r i e n
Khi mpt lanh dao tien bp, mpi ngubi se nhan ra. Nhung
lanh dao dang phat trien luon cai thien hieu qua ca nhan va
nang luc lanh dao. Dieu do khien cap tren cua hp cung
mub'n tien bp hon. Mpt phan cua dieu do la su canh tranh
lanh manh. Neu ban dang b tren dubng dua va cb ngubi
dang rat san sang vupt ban, ban se thay mub'n tang toe dp va
di chuyen nhanh hon.
Ngoai ra, do con la yeu to cua su dbng gbp. Khi cac thanh
vien trong nhom thay thanh vien kia tao dupe dbng gbp
dang ke, hp dupe truyen cam hung de tien bb. Cb mpt niem
vui rat t u nhien khi dupe la mpt phan cua mpt nhom hoat
dpng b trinh dp cao vupt trpi.
Lanh dao cap trung gldl t^o nen tuong lai cho t6 chuc
Khong to chuc nao lien tuc tien len va phat trien ma lai su
dung nhung y tubng va phuong thuc thuc hien cong viec
ciia ngay horn qua. Thanh cong trong tuong lai dbi hbi su
dbi mbi va phat trien. No con dbi hbi nhung nha lanh dao
mbi lien tuc xuat hien. Trong cub'n sach The Bible on
Leadership (Kinh thanh ve nghe thuat lanh dao), Lorin

393

NHA LANH DAO 360

Woolfe viet: "Bai kiem tra cuoi cung cho mot nha lanh dao
khong phai la ngudi do co dua ra mot quye't dmh khon
ngoan hay mot hanh dong quye't doan khong, ma la nha
lanh dao ay co day cho ngudi khac trd thanh lanh dao va
xay dung mot to chuc duy tri duoc thanh cong ngay ca khi
ngudi do khong d do khdng."
NHAN VIEN HOM NAY LANH DAO NGAY MAI
Ap dung nhung y tudng

Nhan ra va xac dinh duoc

hien tai

cac van de

Hoa hop vdi moi ngudi Lam viec trong co cau

hien tai
Ton trong tinh nha't quan San sinh ra cac y tudng mdi
Giai quye't cac van de Thu hut nhung ngudi
thong minh
Mao hiem, dam nghi Ton trpng va phat hien
dam lam

dupe nhung co hpi

Cac nhan vien cua hdm nay la cac lanh dao cap trung
ngay mai cua td chuc. Va cac lanh dao cap trung hdm nay se
la cac lanh dao dung dau cua ngay mai. Ne'u ban hoat dbng
nhu mpt nha lanh dao 360 cap trung cua to chuc va lien tuc
phat trien, chac chan ban se cd co hpi trd thanh lanh dao
dung dau. Nhung ddng thoi, ban can nhin vao nhung ngudi
lam viec cho minh va nghi xem lam the nao de chuan bi cho
394

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

ho tham gia vdi ban va cud'i cung, tie'p quan vi tri cap trung
cua ban. Ban se cd the phat hien ra nhung ung cu vien lanh
dao trien vong bdi vi hp con hon ca mpt nhan vien gibi.
Chuyen gia ve thuat lanh dao Max DePree da nbi: "Su ke
thua la mpt trong nhung trach nhiem then chdt cua vai trd
lanh dao." Dieu do dung. Lanh dao se khong thanh cdng
ne'u thieu ngubi ke'tuc. De trb thanh nha lanh dao 360, ban
khong nhung can lam tot cdng viec hien tai va tao dieu kien
thuan lpi cho cap tren va cap dudi, ma con phai bao dam
rang to chuc ding se thanh cong vao ngay mai. Khi ban day
cho ngubi khac the hien vai trb lanh dao 360, ban dang
mang lai cho to chuc sue manh lbn hon. Ban dang giup nang
cao cac tieu chuan va trinh dp theo each mpi ngudi cung
thanh cong.

395

G I A T P v I #S

N H C N G
C U A

C A N

P H A M
L A N H

C H A T
D A O

C H O M O I T O

360

C H l / C

hi lap dan y cho cuon sach nay, toi trao doi voi mot

nguoi ban ve toan bo khai niem Nghe thuat lanh dao

360. Anh ban hbi tbi: "Dieu gi khien nha lanh dao 360 khac
vbi nhung kieu lanh dao khac?" Khi tbi bat dau giai thich khai
niem lanh dao cap tren, cap duoi va dbng cap, anh ban nbi:
"Dupe day, nhung vi sao hp cb kha nang lanh dao mpi ngubi o
cac vi tri khac nhau? Dieu gi giup hp lam dupe dieu do?"
Tbi ngam nghi cau hbi nay roi tra lbi: "Nha lanh dao 360
cb nhung pham chat nha't djnh giup ho cb the lanh dao mpi
ngubi b cac vi tri khac nhau, va dieu do khien hp rat quy gia
vbi to chuc."
396

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

"Ong can dua nhung pham chat do vao cuon sach", anh
ban khuyen toi, "Boi vi ai cung co the co gang lam tat ca
nhung dieu dung dan, nhung neu hp khong co nhung pham
chat do, ho se khong bao gib thuc hien duoc."
Tbi khong biet ban da rung nghi ve dieu nay trubc do
chua, nhung dieu gi trong hai dieu sau lam tang gia tri lbn
hon cho nhung ngubi xung quanh ban: dieu ban noi hay con
ngifdi ban? Ban cb the khong nhan ra, nhung ban that su cb
the gia tang gia tri cho ngubi khac bang each so huu nhung
pham chat phu hop. Ban cang thang tien trong to chuc, dieu
do lai cang cb hieu qua.
Nha lanh dao 360, nhu tbi hinh dung, so huu nhung
pham chat ma mpi to chuc deu mub'n nhan vien minh, dac
biet la trong cac lanh dao, cb dupe. Nhung pham chat do la
su thich nghi, su sang suot, kha nang bao quat toan dien, ky
nang giao tie'p, su vung vang, su tan tuy, su thao vat, su
chin chan, su ben chi va xac tin.
Suthfch nghi - nhanh chbng thich ung vol thay 66\
Nhung ngubi t u vi tri lanh dao cap trung trb xub'ng
khong bao gib la ngubi dau tien biet bat cu viec gi trong to
chiic. Hp khong phai la ngubi ra cac quye't dinh hay hoach
dinh chinh sach. VI vay, hp phai hpc each thich nghi nhanh.
La lanh dao cap trung, ban cang nhanh chong thich ung
vbi thay db'i, to chiic cang cb lpi. Mpi to chiic deu gom cb ba
nhom ngubi: nhung ngubi thich nghi sbm, nhung ngubi

397

NHA LANH DAO 360

thich nghi trung binh va nhung ngubi thich nghi muon.
Nhung ngubi thich nghi sbm bi nhung y tubng mbi chinh
phuc nhanh chong; ho san sang lam theo nhung y tubng
nay. Nhung ngubi thich nghi trung binh mat nhieu thbi gian
hon. Va nhung ngubi thich nghi muon rat cham (dbi khi con
mien cuong) chap nhan thay dbi.
La mot lanh dao cap trung, ban se duoc yeu cau giup
nhung ngubi di theo ban chap nhan thay db'i, ban can tien
hanh thay dbi nhanh chong - cang nhanh cang tot. Chinh vi
the, dbi khi ban phai dbn nhan nhung thay db'i trubc ca khi
ban kip chuan bi tam ly. Giai phap cho truong hop nay la
kha nang tin tubng cap tren. Ne'u tin tubng ho, ban cb the
lam duoc dieu nay.
Su s^ng su6t - hilu r6 thuc chat van d
Tong thb'ng My, mpt linh muc gia, mot thanh nien leo nui
va ngubi thong minh nha't the gibi cung bay tren mpt
chuyen co. Dong co may bay dot nhien true trac. Vien phi
cong chui ra khoi khoang lai, nbi: "May bay dang roi; hay tu
cuu lay minh!" Roi anh ta nhay ra khoi may bay va bung du
cua minh.
Bon hanh khach nhin quanh nhung chi thay ba chiec du.
Tong thb'ng lay mpt cai - bng ta nhay xuong: "Tbi phai
cuu minh vi an ninh quoc gia."
Ngubi thong minh nha't the gibi chpp lay mpt chiec va
nbi: "Tbi la tai nguyen vb gia cua the gibi. Tbi phai cuu lay
tri tue cua minh."
398

GIA TRJ CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Vi linh muc gia nhin nguoi
thanh nieh leo nui va noi: "Hay
cuu lay minh, con trai. Ta eta
phuc vu Chua 40 nam roi. Ta
khong so gap Nguoi."
"Cha clung lo", chang trai tra
loi, "Nguoi thong minh nha't the
gioi vua nhay voi cai ba 16 cua

"Nghe thuat lanh dao

la nhin ra co hoi trong
nhirng thoi diem
khd khan."
-Jack Welch

con roi!"
Lanh dao gibi loai bb het nhung chuong ngai de thay
dupe nhung van cte thuc chat. Ho biet dieu gi mbi that su
quan trong. Mpt ngubi thong minh chi tin vao mpt nua
nhung gi anh ta nghe dupe, nhung mpt ngubi that su thong
minh biet nua nao dang tin. Nha lanh dao 360 thubng
xuyen trau doi kha nang do.
Kha nang bao quat toan dl-gn - tam nhin vuot ra ngoai
nhung gi t h u o n g thay
Jack Welch da noi: "Nghe thuat lanh dao la nhin ra co hpi
trong nhirng thoi diem kho khan." Do la mpt phan cua kha
nang bao quat toan dien. Mpt trong nhung thuan lpi khi trb
thanh lanh dao cap trung cua to chuc la ban cb the nhin thay
nhieu dieu hon ngubi khac. Da so' mpi ngubi cb kha nang
nhin thay nhung dieu 6 cap cua hp cpng/trir mpt cap ke'ean.
Nhung ngubi cap duoi co the thay va hieu nhung thu 6
cap cua hp; ne'u hp man cam, hp co the thay va hieu ca

399

NHA LANH DAO 360

nhung viec b cap cua ban. Nhung ngubi clung dau cb the
thay va hieu nhung viec b tam cua ho va cap duoi hp, gia su
do la cap cua ban. Nhung la lanh dao cap trung, ban nen cb
kha nang thay va hieu khong chi nhung thu b cap cua ban
ma con mpt cap duoi va cap tren ban. Dieu do dem lai cho
ban mpt lpi the dac biet va co hbi.
Ky nang giao tiep - kit ndi tat ca cac cap cua td chuC
Nhb cb mpt diem nhin dac biet va su am hieu to chuc ma
cac cap tren hay cap duoi ban khong cb dupe, ban nen no
luc su dung kien thuc cua minh de khong nhung gianh
dupe lpi the cho ban than ma con giup truyen dat len cap
tren va xuong cap duoi cac thong tin can thiet. Chung ta
thubng nghi rang truyen dat trong to chiic chu yeu la tir tren
xuong duoi. Lanh dao dung dau de ra chie'n lupc, vach
phuong hubng, khen thubng su tien bp, v.v... Tuy nhien ky
nang giao tiep tot lai la mpt van de nha lanh dao 360 can
quan tam. Tren thuc te, dbi khi nhung thong tin quan trpng
nha't lai dupe giao tiep tir duoi len.
Trong cub'n Leading up (Lanh dao cap tren), Michael
Useem dua ra vi du cho cac thong diep quan trpng dupe gin
"ngupc len day chuyen menh lenh". Mpt so thong diep dupe
luu y va van hanh vbi hieu ung tich cue. Vi du, trubc khi dai
dien thuong mai Charlene Barshefsky dam phan mpt thoa
thuan thuong mai giua My va Trung Quoc ve viec dong y
de Trung Quoc gia nhap To chiic Thuong mai The gibi
(WTO), ba da lang nghe nhung lo ngai cua cac lanh dao
400

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

doanh nghiep va ngudi lao dong, dong thoi trinh bay nhung
mbi quan tam do o ban dam phan. Ket qua la cube dam
phan thanh cong.
Cb nhung thong diep duoc gui theo chieu ngupc len tren
tuong t u nhung khong dupe chu y. Tubng Romeo Dallaire,
chi huy quan dpi My o Rwanda, da cb' gang thuyet phuc cac
si quan thuong cap dbng y de bng tien hanh nhung hanh
dbng gay chie'n nham chan dung nhung nguy co trubc mat
cua mpt vu diet chung. Thinh cau cua bng bi tu chb'i. Hau
qua that tham khbe, hon 800.000 ngubi Tutsis bi ngubi
Hutus tan sat.

"Viec Ion nhat lam nen

nhieng chuyen bien ban
dau cua mot phong trao
la noi ket moi nguoi."
- Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr. tung

nbi: "Viec lbn nha't lam nen
nhirng chuyen bie'n ban dau cua
mpt phong trao la noi ket moi
ngubi. Nhiem vu nay dbi hbi
nhieu hon la mpt muc dich
chung; no dbi hbi mpt trier ly
chinh phuc va giu vung long
trung thanh cua mpi ngubi; va no

phu thupc vao cac kenh

iao tie'p coi mb giua mpi ngubi va

lanh dao cua ho."

Su vung vang - t h a n h bai nam t r o n g tay t a - k h 6 n g
phai noi cai g h l t a ng6l
Tbi rat thich cau chuyen ve Karl. Cb lan co quan anh ta
dupe mpt tran cuoi khi anh ta treo len canh cua phong minh
401

NHA LANH DAO 360

tam bien: "Tbi la sep!" Moi ngubi b co quan Karl tie'p tuc
dupe mpt tran cubi nua khi anh ta di an trua ve va thay mpt
to giay nhb mau vang ben canh tam bien vbi dbng chu
nguech ngoac: "Vp anh goi dien den, nhan la cb ay mub'n
dbi lai cai bien."
Can cb mpt ngubi vung vang lam lanh dao cap trung
gibi. Trong van hba cua nubc My, mpi ngubi hbi: "Anh lam
gi?" chu khong hbi: "Anh la ai?" hay: "Anh lam gi de tao ra
su khac biet?" Tiec rang da so mpi ngubi thubng xem trong
chuc danh va dia vi thay vi chu trpng vao ket qua cong viec.
Nhung neu da la mpt lanh dao cap trung hieu qua trong
mpt thbi gian dai, ban se hieu vai trb cua ban rat quan trpng.
Cac to chuc khong the thanh cong ne'u thieu nhung lanh dao
cap trung lam tot cong viec cua hp. Nha lanh dao 360 phai
cb gang giu cam giac an toan, vung tin vao con ngubi minh,
chu dung lo lang viec minh dang b v i tri nao trong to chuc.
Ne'u ban bi cam do danh qua nhieu thbi gian va cong sue
de thoat khoi vi tri lanh dao cap trung, thi hay thay dbi
trong tam. Hay no luc khai thac kha nang cua ban va lam
dieu tot nha't cb the b vi tri hien tai. Bat cu khi nao ban chu
trpng vao viec thang tien thay v i hoan thien ban than, thi
ban can tu hbi: Toi co dang trd thanh con ngudi ma ngudi khac
muon tdi trd thanh khdng? Nhung ne'u ban chu trpng phat
trien ban than thay vi chuc danh va dia vi, thi thuc chat, ban
dang lien tuc lap lai cau hbi: Tdi da trd thanh con ngudi tot
nhat tdi trong khd nang ciia tdi chua?

402

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

SutSn t u y - khdng ngai b t c u c d n g viec gi
Toi tin rang thuoc cto that su cua nguoi lanh dao khong
phai la so ngudi phuc vu hp ma la so'ngudi hp phuc vu. Nha
lanh ctao 360 chap nhan thai dp cua ngudi day td trudc,
ngudi chu sau. Mpi viec hp lam dupe danh gia dua vao gia
tri no cd the gia tang. Hp phung su su menh cua to chuc va
lanh dao bang each phung su nhung ngudi cb cung su menh
vbi hp.
Robert Greenleaf, ngubi sang lap Trung tam Greenleaf ve
Nghe thuat lanh dao "day td", dua ra mpt quan diem tuyet
vbi ve dieu nay: "Lanh dao "day td" trudc tien la lam day td.
No luon bat dau vdi cam xuc t u nhien cua ngudi mudn duoc
phung su, trudc tien la phung su ngubi khac. Sau do, su lua
chpn cb y thuc dan mang tbi cho ngubi do niem dam me
lanh dao. Su khac biet hien ra

trong su quan tam cua ngubi day

Thuoc do that su cua
ngudi lanh dao
khong phai la so ngubi
phuc vu ho md la so
'
' '
nguoi ho phuc vu.

'
P
S
nhung nhu cau uu tien cao nha't
cua ngudi khac dupe dap ung."
,, ,
, . .
Lam the nao de nhan biet mot
,
lanh dao cd dupe thuc day bdi
khao khat phung su hay khong?
Dieu nay rat don gian. Ban cd
trai tim ciia ngudi day td ne'u ban khong thay ngan ngai khi
t 6

t i e n

h 4 i

T >

phung su ngudi khac. Ne'u ban thieu thai dp cua ngudi day
td, ban se thay khd chiu khi phai phung su.

403

NHA LANH DAO 360

Su theio vat - t i m ra nhung each sang tao de thuc hin
cong vlc
Trong hie nha may in dang chuan bi cho in ba trieu ban
copy bai phat bieu tai hoi nghi nam 1912 cua Theodore
Roosevelt, nha xuat ban phat hien minh chua xin phep su
dung anh cua Roosevelt va ung cu vien cho chuc pho tong
thb'ng la Thong dbc bang California, Hiram Johnson. Day la
rac roi lbn vi muc phat luat ban quyen dat ra vbi vi pham
nay la mot do-la cho mot ban copy.
Ngai chu rich hbi dbng chie'n dich la mot lanh dao nhanh
tri, thao vat. Ong danh mot buc dien tin tbi xuong phim
Chicago, noi chup cac hire anh: " D u dinh phat hanh ba trieu
ban copy bai phat bieu cua Rooselvelt vbi anh cua Roosevelt
va Johnson tren trang bia. Co hbi quang cao lbn cho cac
1

nhiep anh gia. Cac vi se tra cho chung tbi bao nhieu de su
dung cac buc anh cua cac vi?"
Tra lbi: "Danh gia cao co hbi, nhung chi cb the tra 250 dbla." Thoa thuan da xong, nha may in tien hanh, va mot tai
hoa tiem an da duoc ngan chan.
Cac lanh dao cap trung cua to chuc can dac biet thao vat,
boi vi quyen han cua ho it hon va nguon luc tai chinh han
che hon. Neu ban khao khat tro thanh nha lanh dao 360
hieu qua, hay hoc each tan dung tbi da nhung gi minh cb.

404

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Su chin c h i n - dat tap the len tren ban than
Ban dinh nghia "su chin chan" nhu the nao? Trong ngu'
canh cua nghe thuat lanh dao, toi dinh nghia no la "dat tap
the len tren ban than". Ngubi nao cb thai do "tbi-trubc" se
khong bao gib phat trien duoc tam anh hubng. De lanh dao
ngubi khac, ban can dat tap the len trubc.
Mbi day, tbi cb doc cau
chuyen ve mot nhom hieu
Trong ngu canh aia
truong trong he thong truong
nghe thuat lanh dao,

su chin chan la dat tap

, .
. .
,
. , '
nay nhan thay de hoc sinh thanh
the len tren ban than.
,

'
cong, hp can thue nhung chuyen

gia thanh thao hai ngoai ngu.

Van de la tien trong ngan sach de
thuc hien viec nav lai chua cb. Ho eta lam the nao? Ho dune
khoan tien le ra dupe su dung vao viec tang luong cho hp de
thue ngubi hp can. Tap the va hoc sinh quan trpng hon bong
Ipc ca nhan. Lanh dao chin chan hanh dbng nhu vay!
h

N a s h v i l l e

S-u bin chi - su nha't quan vinh vlln giua ca tinh va

n3ng luc
Vai nam trubc, tbi tbi chau Phi giang ve nghe thuat lanh
dao. O do, tbi tham gia mot chuyen di chup anh dpng vat
hoang da. Khi b trong rung ram, chung tbi theo dbi mpt cap
bao dang san mbi. Bao la loai dbng vat dang kinh ngac.
Chiing la dpng vat chay nhanh nha't tren hanh tinh; chung
cb the chay 70 dam mpt gib. Nhung bao chi la loai chay

405

NHA LANH DAO 360

nhanh thuan tuy. Neu chung khong duoi kip con moi d lan
phi nude dai dau tien, chung se bi dbi. Nguyen nhan khien
chung khong the chay ben la vi chung cb trai tim nhb.
Nha lanh dao 360 khong the cb trai tim nhb be. Vdi tat ca
cac thach thuc khb khan danh cho cac lanh dao, dac biet la
lanh dao cap trung, nghe thuat lanh dao la mot cuoc dua ben
bi. De thanh cong, nha lanh dao 360 can phan ung tot vdi
cac thach thuc va cd phong do on dinh.
Xac tin - c6 ca hc)l duoc xem xet din khi ca*n
Mot trong nhung nguyen tac ua thich cua tdi trong cub'n
sach Tlie 17 Indisputable Laws of Teamwork la Nguyen tac Tin
tubng lan nhau: "Cac ddng ddi phai cd kha nang tin tudng
lan nhau khi can." Tdi rat thich nguyen tac nay khdng chi vi
no dung va rat quan trpng trong viec xay dung nhom, ma con
bbi no tao cho tbi co hdi cau thanh mot tir - xac tin. Tdi cho
rang xac tin the hien dupe y la mpi ngudi cd the dua vao nhau
du dieu gi xay ra.
Khi ban tin cay mpt lanh dao vi do la ngudi xac tin, dieu
do khong chi cb nghia la ban biet cb the tin tudng vi lanh
dao do ma con cd nghia la ban that su tin tudng hp. Ban dua
vao hp de gat hai thanh cdng. Hai ngudi ciing thanh cong
hay that bai vdi t u each la mot nhom. Kieu tinh each do that
su tao ra dieu khac biet trong nen van hba ma phan ldn mpi
ngudi cb thai dp chi biet den ban than.

406

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Toi cho rang tam quan trpng cua phan Ion cac lanh dao
cap trung cua to chiic chua dupe danh gia day du, boi v i vi
tri lanh dao cap trung la noi quyet dinh thanh bai cua hau
he't cac to chiic. Lanh dao diing dau chi cb the dua ra nhung
quye't dinh rat lbn, nhan vien thi chi cb the lam that nhieu
viec nhb. Va nhung ngubi b giua thubng bi gibi han bbi
nhung ngubi lanh dao tren hp chii khong phai do tai nang
aia ho- Thanh bai do yeu to lanh dao quye't dinh. Ne'u ban
mub'n to chiic cua minh thanh cong, hay trb thanh mpt nha
lanh dao 360 xuat sac.
Cube dbi cua tubng George C. Marshall la mpt trong
nhung vi du dien hinh nha't the hien rb gia tri va tac dpng
aia mpt lanh dao cap trung. Khi ban ve nhung nha lanh dao
gianh chien thang cho Quan Dbng minh trong Chien tranh
The gibi I I , da so mpi ngubi thubng nghi den Winston
Churchill va Franklin D. Roosevelt. Dung la cube chie'n se
khong the thang lpi ne'u khong cb hai lanh tu vi dai do,
nhung tbi cung tin rang se khong cb chie'n thang ne'u thieu
su lanh dao 360 hieu qua cua Marshall.
Marshall la mpt ngubi linh gibi. Du phuc vu b dau, bng
cung lanh dao xuat sac - ho trp cap tren, dbng cap, va cap
duoi. Ong tot nghiep Hoc vien Quan su Virginia vbi quan
ham dai uy. Sau do, bng phuc vu trong trung doan bp binh
ciia quan dpi My. O truong Phong tuyen va Phao dai
Leavenworth, Kansas, Marshall la hpc vien dung dau lop va
sau khi theo hpc mpt khoa hpc cao cap hon, bng dupe giu lai
truong lam giang vien.
407

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Marshall luon gia tang gia tri cho bat cu noi nao ong den
phuc vu nhu 6 Philipines; o Phap trong suot Chie'n tranh
The gioi II khi la si quan hau can cao cap cua tuong Pershing
trong chuyen cong can sang Trung Quoc; hay khi la truong
khoa o truong Luc quan b Phao dai Benning, Georgia; cung
nhu o nhung can cu dong quan khac. Co nguoi noi ring
Marshall "thang tien qua cac cap bac cua quan dpi vbi mot
ban thanh tich hiem ngubi nao sanh duoc".
Thanh tich cua Marshall that dang ne va ban cb the thay
rb rang anh hubng quan trong khi bng duoc chi dinh lam
Tong tham muu truong quan dbi My. Tu vi tri do, bng lanh
dao tong thb'ng, lanh dao nhung chi huy quan Dbng minh,
va lanh dao nhung si quan cao cap cua minh.
Thbi diem ong nham chuc, luc luong quan dbi My yeu bt
va vu trang so sai. Tat ca cac quan chung cong lai cung chua
tbi 200.000 quan. Khi chie'n tranh bung no b chau Au, Marshall
biet bng can lam gi - xay dung mot quan doi hung manh, dupe
hua'n luyen bai ban va vu trang day du. Ong bat tay vao viec
ngay lap tuc. Trong vong boh nam, Marshall da xay dung
quan dpi thanh mpt luc luong hung hau gbm 8.300.000 quan
nhan dupe hua'n luyen va trang bi tot. Winston Churchill goi
Marshall la "Nha to chuc cua khai hoan".
Chi dieu do thbi cung du de Marshall la anh hung cua
Chie'n tranh The gibi II, nhung do khong phai la cb'ng hien
duy nha't cua bng. Ong lam viec khong biet met mbi trong
suot cube chie'n va lien tuc the hien kha nang lanh dao cap
tren, dbng cap, va cap duoi. Tong thb'ng Roosevelt coi
408

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 36S"

nhung lbi khuyen cua bng la vo gia va noi rang bng ay
khong the ngu tru khi biet Marshall dang o trong nubc.
Roosevelt yeu cau Marshall co mat 6 moi hoi nghi chie'n
tranh quan trong, tu Argentia, Newfoundland nam 1941,
cho tbi Postdam nam 1945.
Marshall lien tuc phai lanh dao dong cap trong chie'n lupc
quan su- Ong dupe ca ngoi la nguoi dam bao su hpp tac
giua cac luc luong Dong minh trong suot cuoc chie'n. Ong
db'i dau vbi nhung tubng khac khi ban ve chie'n lupc.
MacArthur muon My chuyen trpng tam vao cac chie'n dich b
chie'n truong Thai Binh Duong de danh bai Due. Ngubi Anh
mub'n su dung chie'n lupc Dia Trung Hai chong lai luc luong
cua Hitler. Nhung Marshall tin chac rang de chie'n thang,
quan Dbng minh phai vupt qua eo bien Manche va giao
chie'n vbi quan Due o Phap.
Marshal] da thuyet phuc dupe moi nguoi, va trong vong
mpt nam, bng va cac tuong da lap ke hoach tien cong
Normandy. Sau chie'n tranh, Churchill da noi ve Marshall
nhu sau: "Cho den bay gio, tbi van coi Marshall la mot quan
nhan ran roi, mot nha to chuc cu khoi va ngubi xay dung
1

cac dbi quan - mpt Carnot cua nubc My (Carnot dupe biet
den nhu "Nha to chuc cua khai hoan" cua Cach mang
Phap). Nhung gio tbi thay bng ay con la mpt chinh khach cb
cai nhin bao quat toan dien nhay ben day quyen uy."
Marshall lanh dao cap duoi cung xuat sac nhu khi lanh
dao dbng cap va cap tren. Nhung ngubi phuc vu duoi
quyen bng luon danh cho bng long kinh trpng sau sac. Sau
409

NHA LANH DAO 360

chie'n tranh, tuong Dwight D. Eisenhowwer noi voi
Marshall: "Trong moi van cte va thu thach cua cuoc chien
ma toi ctuong dau, tam guong ciia ngai luon la nguon cam
hiing cho toi, su ling ho ciia ngai la siic manh Ion nhat ciia
toi. Y thuc ciia toi ve bbn phan voi ngai chi co the sanh voi
vbi niem t u hao va man nguyen khi tbi gio tay chao ngai
nhu mot quan nhan v i dai nhat trong thbi dai va mpt lanh
dao chan chinh cua nen dan chu."
Tham chi sau chien tranh, Marshall van duy tri tam anh
hubng cua mpt nha lanh dao 360. Ong dupe Tong thb'ng
Truman mbi lam ngoai truong. Khi can cb mpt ke hoach xay
dung lai cac nubc chau A u sau cube chien tranh tan pha,
trong bai phat bieu b Dai hpc Harvard Marshall da ung hp
cai bng goi la Ke hoach khoi phuc chau A u . Tbi timg doc
dupe r i n g cac phu ta aia Tong thb'ng Truman mub'n goi no
la Ke hoach Truman, nhung tong thb'ng khong dong y.
Truman yeu quy va kinh trpng vai trb lanh dao cua ngoai
truong cua minh tbi muc bng goi no la Ke'hoach Marshall.
Khong cb nhieu ngubi ma khi nbi ve hp, ban cb the nbi
rang ne'u khong cb hp, thi bp mat ciia the gibi se rat khac.
Nhung dieu do dung vbi George Marshall. Chau Au, chau
A, va My se rat khac ne'u khong cb anh hubng aia bng.
Hiem cb tam guong lanh dao 360 nao xiing dang hon the.
Cub'i cung, tam anh hubng qua lbn va su quen minh phuc
vu vi dai cua Marshall da giup bng dupe trao giai Nobel
Hba binh. Ong la quan nhan duy nha't trong lich sir timg
dupe trao giai nay.

410

GIA TRI CUA NHA LANH DAO 360

Chung ta khong the hy vpng se tao ra tam anh huong
toan cau nhu Marshall rung lam. Nhung dieu do khong
quan trpng. Quan trpng la chiing ta san sang lam dieu can
lam de tao ra tac dpng tich cue du chiing ta dang b dau
trong cupc doi - de gia tang gia tri cho mpi nguoi bang bat
cii each nao cb the. Tbi tin rang each tot nha't de tang anh
hubng aia ban cung nhu tan dung co hbi thuc hien nhung
dieu y nghia la trb thanh nha lanh dao 360. La mot nha lanh
dao 360, ban cb the gay anh hubng len ngubi khac du ban b
vi tri nao trong to chiic vbi bat cii chiic danh hay dia vi nao,
hay nhung ngubi ban lam viec cung thuoc bat cu kieu ngubi
nao. Tbi hy vpng ban se van no luc thuc hien dieu do, va lien
tuc tao ra nhung anh hubng tich cue.

411

NHA LANH DAO 360"

TOM TATCHWONG 6
GIA TRI CUA NBA LANH DAO 360
Mpt luc nao do, ne'u ban tu hbi, viec minh phat trien de
trb thanh nha lanh dao 360 va cb gang lanh dao tu vi tri
lanh dao cap trung cua to chuc cb dang lam hay khong, hay
tu nhac minh ve gia tri lbn lao ma nha lanh dao 360 gia tang:
GIA TRI #1: Mpt nhom lanh dao hieu qua hon mpt ngubi
lanh dao
GIA TRI #2: To chuc can cac lanh dao b mpi cap
GIA TRI #3: Lanh dao b cap 1 la dieu kien de lanh dao b cap
cao hon
GIA TRI #4: Lanh dao gibi 6 cap trung tao ra lanh dao gibi
hon b cap cao
GIA TRI #5: Nhung pham chat cua nha lanh dao 360 can
cho mpi to chuc

412

P H A M DAC M E T

T A O

M O I T R l / O N G
N H A

L A N H

D A N H

D A O

T H l / C

360

e'u ban la nguoi clung dau to chuc, tbi mub'n danh

mpt chut thbi gian v@i ban trong phan dac biet nay.
Nhieu lanh dao cap trung cua cong ty dang rat nan long. Hp
cb khat vpng manh liet la lanh dao va thanh cong, nhung
cap tren cua hp thubng la chuong ngai vat hon la ngubi ho
tro hp. Hon hai phan ba nhung ngubi bb viec la vi hp phai
lam viec vbi mpt lanh dao bat tai hay vb dung. Mpi ngubi
khong roi bb cong ty, hp chi roi bb lanh dao.
Vbi t u each la mpt lanh dao dung dau, ban la ngubi duy
nha't cb quyen tao ra van hba lanh dao tich cue, ma b do
cac lanh dao trien vpng phat trien manh me. Ne'u ban tao ra
mbi truong nhu vay, nhung ngubi cb trien vpng lanh dao
413

NHA LANH DAO 360"

se hoc hoi, tich luy kinh nghiem va phat huy so truong ciia
ho. Ho se tro thanh kieu lanh dao 360 ciing co' siic manh
ciia to chiic.
Neu ban san sang no luc he't minh de bie'n to chiic
thanh mot noi ma cac lanh dao dieu hanh va dan dat cong
ty mot each xuat sac, ban se can chuyen hubng tap trung
cua minh t i i
lanh dao moi ngubi va to chuc, sang...
lanh dao moi ngubi, tim kiem cac lanh dao va lanh dao to
chiic, sang...
lanh dao moi ngubi, phat trien cac lanh dao, va lanh dao
to chiic, sang...
lanh dao va trao quyen cho cac nha lanh dao trong khi ho
lanh dao to chiic, sang...
phuc vu cac lanh dao khi ho lanh dao to chuc.
Tuy vao xuat phat diem aia ban, quy trinh do cb the mat
vai nam, va cb the rat khb khan. Nhung hay nghi tbi mpt
vien canh to chiic cua ban se di ve dau trong nam nam nua
ne'u ban khong "nubi trong" cac lanh dao trong mot mbi
trubng danh thuc cac lanh dao 360?

12 BAI LUYEN TAP HANG NGAY CUA LANH DAO

Ne'u ban san sang lam mpt cupc each mang, tbi muon
khuyen khich ban bat dau qua trinh bang each lam theo
414

PHAN DAC BIET

"12 bai luyen tap hang ngay cua lanh dao". Mbi sang khi
ban thuc day va chuan bi cheo lai to chuc cua minh, hay cam
ket thuc hien 12 hoat dbng danh thuc sue manh sau day.
1.0$t nllm tin vao kha nSng cua con ngudi
Su thay dbi dau tien de bie'n to chuc cua ban thanh mot
mbi truong lanh dao than thien phai xay ra ngay chinh ben
trong ban. Hay cam ket thuc hien nhung dieu ban tran
trpng. Ve co ban, ne'u ban khong tran trpng mpi ngubi, ban
se khong the tao ra mpt van hba phat trien cac lanh dao.
Da so cac lanh dao dung dau tap trung vao hai thu: tam
nhin va loi nhuan. Tam nhin luon la dieu chung ta thich
nha't, con viec quan tam tbi lpi nhuan duy tri cong viec
chung ta. Nhung giua tam nhin va lpi nhuan la tat ca
nhan vien trong to chuc. That trb treu la neu ban bb qua

thu
cua
cac
con

ngubi va chi chu trpng vao hai thu nay, ban se mat ca ngubi
va tam nhin (va chac la ca loi nhuan). Nhung ne'u ban chu
trpng vao nhan vien, ban cb kha nang chinh phuc con ngubi,
tam nhin va lpi nhuan.
Khi Jim Collins nghien cuu cac cong ty lbn va di den phat
hien va dinh nghia cai bng goi la cac lanh dao cap dp nam,
bng de y thay cac lanh dao tai ba khong nhan he't cong trang
ve nhung thanh tuu cua to chuc. Tren thuc te, hp khiem ton
den khb tin va nhubng su tan duong cho nhan vien cua minh.
Cac lanh dao cap dp nam danh gia cao con ngubi.

415

Ml !A LANH DAO 360"

2. Danh cac nguon lux de phat trien con nguoi
Mpt lan toi ngoi cung may bay tbi Dallas vbi Zig Ziglar ,
bng ay hoi tbi da tung nhan dupe thu cam on bao gib chua.
Khi tbi tra loi la co, ong ay hbi, "Khi anh nhan nhung buc
thu do, ngubi ta cam on anh ve dieu gi?" That su la tbi chua
17

bao gib nghi ve dieu nay, nhung cau tra lbi kha rb rang. Mpi
ngubi hau nhu luon noi loi cam on ve nhung quyen sach tbi
da viet hay mpt so tai lieu tbi soan ra."
"Tbi cung vay." Zig nbi. "Dieu do khong thu vi sao? Anh
va tbi duoc biet tbi nhb nhung bai dien thuyet cua chung ta,
nhung viec do lai khong thuc giuc dupe mpi ngubi viet thu."
Tbi da dien thu vet hon 35 nam qua. Tbi yeu cong viec do,
va tbi that su nghi no co gia tri. Cac su kien that tuyet vbi vi
da tao ra rat nhieu nang luong va su hao hung, nhung ne'u
ban muon tao dieu kien cho su phat trien, ban can cac tai
lieu. Chung phu hop cho su phat trien hon bbi vi nhung tai
lieu hay sach tap trung vao qua trinh. Ban cb the mang
chung theo nguoi, loc di doc lai, dao sau nghien cuu phan
cot lbi, bb qua nhung dieu tap nham va lam theo nhung chi
dan theo toe do cua chinh minh.
Mpt lan tbi giang ve nghe thuat lanh dao cho cac lanh
dao cua mot tap doan Ion, mot trong nhung ngubi to chuc

Zig Ziglar |a dien gia va tac gia nhieu cuon sach viet ve thanh cong
ban chay nha't nunc My: Sec Yeu at the Top (Hen gap tren dinh cao), Goals Setting ami Achieving them on Schedule (Muc tieu - Dat ra va dat duoc theo
diing ke hoach).
17

416

PHAN DAC BIET

su kien phat bieu tren buc dien thuyet r i n g con nguoi la tai
san quy gia nha't cua to chiic. Toi vo tay hoan nghenh suy
nghi cua ong, nhung dong thoi toi cung giai thich ky hon
quan diem do cho cac lanh dao co mat trong phong. Loi
tuyen bo cua bng chi dung khi ban phat trien nhung con
ngubi do.
Mat rat nhieu cong sue va no luc de phat trien cac lanh
dao. Cau hoi dau tien cac lanh dao dung dau luon dat ra la:
"Se phai tra bao nhieu cho viec do?" Cau tra loi cua tbi la:
"Du la bao nhieu, no cung khong dat bang cai gia cua viec
khong phat trien nhan vien."
Mot lan nua, tbi cb mot cau hoi cho ban. Hay tu hoi: Toi da
cam ket cung cap cac nguon luc cho sic phat trii'n lanh dao chua?
3. Danh gia cao vai trd lanh dao
Nhung nguoi dieu hanh cong ty mpt thanh vien cb le
khong phai lo lang ve vai tro lanh dao. Nhung vbi nhung
nguoi lanh dao cac to chuc, vai tro lanh dao luon la mpt van
de. Bat cu khi nao ban cb hai hay nhieu hon nhung ngubi
lam viec cung nhau, vai trb lanh dao xuat hien. Trong mpt so
to chuc, nguoi ta chii trong vao su no luc, va vai trb lanh
dao tham chi khong cb trong khai niem cua mpi ngubi. That
sai lam.
Tat ca cac lanh dao gibi deu nhan ra tam quan trpng cua
vai trb lanh dao va danh gia cao no. Tbi rat thich nhung dieu

417

NHA LANH DAO 360"

Twang Tommy Franks eta noi ve cac lanh dao 6 vi tri cap
trung cua quan doi - cac trung si:
IS

Nhung thang tren sa mac da ciing co niem tin san co ciia

toi rang cac trung si that su la xuong song ciia Quan doi.
Ngubi linh binh thubng dua vao vai trb chi huy cua cac ha si
quan qua tam guong ca nhan. Tbi nghi ve Sam Long va
Scag, thuoc ban trung si Kittle - ho la nhung tam guong
dang hpc tap. Neu mot ha si quan tan tam vbi binh linh cua
anh ta, tieu dpi se cb nhung bai huan luyen khac nghiet,
thuc te, thuc an nong va co may thinh thoang duoc tam vbi
hoa sen. Neu mot trung si thb o vbi nhu cau aia binh linh,
thanh tich cua hp se sa sut va tinh mang cua hp cb the bi
ubng phi. Mpt si quan thong minh lam viec cham chi de
phat trien nhung ha si quan gibi.
Quan dbi My hieu rb gia tri va luon danh gia cao vai tro
chi huy. Neu ban tran trong vai trb chi huy, cac lanh dao se
"lb dien" de gia tang gia tri cho to chuc.
Lan nay, cau hbi tu van ban than rat don gian: Toi da danh
gid cao vai trd lanh dao trong to chuc ciia minh chua?
4. Tim kle'm cac lanh dao trin vpng
Neu vai tro lanh dao da lot vao rada cua ban va ban tran
trpng no, ban se lien tuc de mat do tim nhung lanh dao trien

Tuong Tommy Franks da chi huy cupc tan cong Taliban tai
Afghanistan. Ong cung la Tong chi huy toan quan My trong cupc chie'n Iraq
nam 2003.
18

418

PHAN DAC BIET

vpng. Toi da soan mpt bai giang ghi bang cb ten goi la
Searching for Eagles (Tim kiem nhung con dai bang), va trong
nhieu nam qua no la bai hpc dupe yeu cau nhieu nha't. Dav
la 10 dac trung hang dau cua "nhung con dai bang":
Hp khien mpi viec xay ra;
Hp thay cac co hbi;
Hp tao anh hubng len quan diem va hanh dpng cua
ngubi khac;
Hp gia tang gia tri cho ban;
Ho lbi keo nhung ngubi chie'n thang ve vbi hp;
Hp trang bi cho "nhung con dai bang" khac de lanh dao;
Hp dua ra nhung y tubng hb tro to chuc;
Hp so huu mot thai do tuyet vbi hiem cb;
Hp song theo nhung cam ket cua minh;
Hp the hien su trung thanh manh liet vbi to chuc va
cap tren.
Khi ban bat dau kiem tim cac lanh dao trien vong, hay tim
kiem nhung ngubi cb cac pham chat nay. Dong thbi, tu hbi
minh: Tdi co dang tim kiem lanh dao trim vong khdng?
5. Hie'u va tdn trong nhan vien
Khi ban tim thay cac lanh dao va phat trien hp, ban se
dan biet hp rb hon vbi tu each ca nhan. Tbi mub'n khuyen
khich ban su dung cac dubng loi chi dao trong chuong "Di
419

NHA LANH DAO 360

cham rai qua khu vuc lam viec ciia nhan vien" cte nang cao
chat luong qua trinh nay. Nhung con cb nhung dac trung
khac kha pho bie'n vbi tat ca cac lanh dao ma ban nen biet
khi ban dua hp qua qua trinh ren luyen.

Con ngubi mub'n nhin thay ket qua;

Con ngubi mub'n trb nen hieu qua - hp mub'n lam viec
ho lam tot nha't;

Con ngubi mub'n nam dupe tinh hinh;

Con ngubi mub'n dupe tran trpng;

Con ngubi mub'n la mpt phan ciia su ngoi ca.

Khi ban lua chpn nhan vien trien vpng, hay tim hieu de
dung hba giua nhung niem khat khao chung cua mpi nguoi
va nhu cau ca nhan aia tung ngubi. Hay cb' gang lam cho
qua trinh phat trien thich hpp nha't vbi tung ca nhan. DeTam
dupe nhu vay, hay lien tuc hbi ban than: Tdi da hieu va ton
trong nhan vien tdi chua?
6. Tao cho t5t ca mpi ngudi co hOI dupe lanh d$o
Khong the hpc lanh dao ma khong dupe lanh dao that. Xet
cho cung, lanh dao la hanh dpng. Nhieu lanh dao diing dau
da bb lb co hpi tao ra cac lanh dao khac tir each giao viec.
Thien hubng cua chung ta la giao cong viec de ngubi khac
thuc hien thay vi giao cho hp nhiem vu lanh dao de hoan
thanh. Chung ta can thay db'i. Ne'u chiing ta khong ban giao
vai trb lanh dao - ca quyen hanh cung nhu trach nhiem giai

420

PHAN DAC BIET

trinh - cap duoi cua chiing ta se khong bao gib tich luy dupe
kinh nghiem ho can de lanh dao xuat sic.
Cau hbi ban phai dat ra cho ban than la: Toi co tao co hoi
cho nhan vien tdi duoc lanh dao khong?
7. Khen thuong sychu d^ng lanh dao
Chu dbng la mpt phan rat quan trpng aia nang luc lanh
dao. Cac lanh dao tai ba nha't la nhung ngubi hanh dpng
trubc. Hp khien mpi viec xay ra. Phan lbn cac lanh dao diing
dau deu la nhung ngubi khoi xuong, nhung the khong cb
nghia la tat ca cac lanh dao dbng dau deu thay thoai mai khi
ngubi khac sii dung sang kie'n cua rieng ho. Cac lanh dao
dung dau tin tubng vao ban nang cua minh khong co nghia
la hp tin tuong vao ban nang aia ngubi khac.
Diing la cac lanh dao mbi nbi thubng mub'n nam dupe vai
trb lanh dao trubc khi hp that su san sang de chi huy. Nhung
dong thbi, cac nha chi huy trien vpng chi cb the trb thanh
nhung lanh dao "du long canh" ne'u hp cb the phat trien va
sir dung sang kie'n ciia ho. Vay giai phap la gi? Do la thbi
diem thich hpp! Ne'u vbi va, ban da bb qua qua trinh truong
thanh. Ne'u ngan can khi hp da san sang "bay nhay", ban da
lam cham qua trinh truong thanh aia hp.
Mpt trong nhung giai phap cb the giup ban kiem soat
thanh cong van de thai diem la tim hieu xem quan diem aia
minh thupc loai khan hiem hay dbi dao. Ne'u ban tin rang the
gibi chi cb mpt luong tai nguyen han che, mpt con so cb han

421

NHA LANH DAO 360

nhung co hoi v.v..., thi co le ban se mien cuong de nhung
lanh dao cua minh mao hiem - bbi vi ban se nghi rang to
chuc se khong the hoi phuc sau nhung sai lam. Ngupc lai,
neb ban tin rang co hbi la vb tan, va cac tai nguyen cb the
phuc hoi va vb han, ban se san sang mao hiem hon. Ban se
khong nghi ngo kha nang hoi phuc cua minh.
Ban lam dieu nay nhu the nao? Hay tu van ban than: Toi
co khen thuong cho su chu dong lanh dao khong?
8. Tao ra mpt m6i truong an toan ma d dd mpi ngudi
cd the" deit cau h6l, chia se y t u d n g va mao hlm
Nha su hpc doat giai Pulitzer, Garry Wills da nbi: "Mpi
ngubi cb quyen dupe biet ve noi hp dang dupe dan den. Mpt
lanh dao bo qua dieu do se sbm mat di nhung ngubi ung
hp." Viec nay can cb cac lanh dao dung dau vung vang, de
cac lanh dao cap duoi dupe tham gia day du vao quy trinh
lanh dao to chuc. Ne'u cac lanh dao cap trung chat van, hp
khong phat y. Khi nhung ngubi nay chia se y tubng, cac
lanh dao dung dau khong thay bi de dpa. Khi nhung ngubi
duoi quyen hp trong to chuc mub'n mao hiem, hp sin sang
cho nhung ngubi do co hpi de thanh cong hay that bai.
Phong each lanh dao cb nhung thach thuc rat tu nhien
cua no. No thach thuc nhung y tubng lbi thbi. No thach thuc
nhung phuong thuc lam viec cb 16. No thach thuc su
nguyen trang. Dung bao gib quen rang cai gi dupe khen
thubng se dupe lap lai. Ne'u ban khen thubng tinh t u man,
ban se nhan dupe tinh t u phu tir cac lanh dao cap trung.
Nhung ne'u ban vung vang va de ho tim kiem nhung
422

PHAN DAC BIET

phuong thuc lam viec moi - nhung each thuc tien bo hon to chuc se tien len nhanh hon.
Thay vi co gang trb thanh Ngai Biet tub't
(Mr. Answerman) hay Ngai A n dinh (Mr. Fix-it), khi cac
lanh dao cua ban bat dau duoc cong nhan, hay lui vao hau
truong. Co gang dam nhan vai trb mot nha tu van sang sub't
va mot cb dbng vien nhiet tinh nha't. Hoan nghenh nhung
khao khat cua cac lanh dao tai ba nha't cua ban de dbi mbi va
hoan thien to chuc. Xet cho cung, tbi nghi ban se dong y
rang chien thang cua to chuc la chie'n thang cua ban.
Vay thi, ban dbng vai trb gi trong to chuc cua minh? Ban
cb phai la "chuyen gia" hay ban la mot ngubi cb van va ung
ho? Hay tu hbi: Toi cd dang cung cap mot moi trudng noi moi
ngudi co the dat cau hoi, chia se y tudng va mao hiem khong?
9. Cung truong thanh
Trong suot su nghiep cua minh, tbi da nbi chuyen vbi rat
nhieu lanh dao dung dau, va tbi da kham pha duoc rat
nhieu thai do khac nhau ve su truong thanh. Sau day, tbi se
torn tat nhung thai dp do:

Tbi da truong thanh;

Toi mub'n nhan vien cua minh trubng thanh;
Tbi tan tam giup nhan vien cua minh trubng thanh;
Tbi mub'n phat trien cung vbi nhan vien
cua minh.
423

NHA LANH DAO 360

Doan xem thai dp nao thuc day mpt to chuc ma b do moi
nguoi dang phat trien?
Van hoa cua to chuc se thay doi khi nhung nguoi trong
mot to chuc thay lanh dao dung dau dang tien bp. Ngay lap
tuc no loai bb nhieu rao can chan giua lanh dao dung dau va
nhung ngubi con lai, xep ban ngang hang vbi hp, dieu nay
khien lanh dao dung dau "dbi thubng" hon va gan gui hon.
No cung gui tbi mpi ngubi mot thong diep rb rang: uu tien
hang dau cho su phat trien.
Vi vay, cau hbi tbi mub'n ban dat ra cho minh rat don
gian: Toi co dang ciing phat trien vai nhan vien ciia minh khong?
10. Thu hut cac iSnh dao trle"n vpng vao chuong
cua ban
Khi Mark Sanborn, tac gia cua The Fred Factor (Nhan to
Fred), dien thuyet b mpt bubi hbi thao lanh dao cua chung
tbi, bng ay dua ra lbi nhan xet that su ung hp y kien ciia
tbi: "Mpt bay huou dupe mpt con su h i lanh dao con hon
la mpt bay su h i dupe mpt con huou lanh dao." V i sao?
Bbi v i du ban cb mot bay huou, nhung neu chung dupe
lanh dao bbi mpt con su h i , chung se hanh dpng nhu mpt
dan su h i . Day chang le khong phai la mpt su tuong dong
tuyet v b i sao? No hoan toan chinh xac. K h i mpi ngubi
danh thbi gian vbi ai do va dupe chi dao bbi nhung ngubi
nay, hp hpc each nghi giong ngubi do va lam viec ngubi
do lam. Thanh tich cua hp bat dau tang len theo nang luc
cua ngubi lanh dao.
424

PHAN DAC BIET

Khi toi dang viet cuon Developing the Leaders around You
(Phat trien cac lanh dao quanh ban), tbi thubng to chiic mot
cube tham do khong chinh thuc tai cac hbi thao de kham
pha moi ngubi trb thanh lanh dao nhu the nao. Tbi hbi ho
trb thanh lanh dao la (1) vi hp dupe cap mpt chuc vu; (b) vi
cb khung hoang trong to chuc; hay (c) vi hp dupe kem cap.
Hon 80% cho biet hp la lanh dao bbi vi cb ngubi da day hp
lanh dao - dua hp di qua qua trinh.
Cach tot nha't de phat trien cac lanh dao "chat luong cao"
la de mpt lanh dao "chat luong cao" kem cap ho- Ne'u ban
lanh dao to chiic, ban chac han la lanh dao gibi nha't (hay chi
it cung la mpt trong nhung ngubi gibi nha't) trong to chiic.
Ne'u ban chua rung lam nhu vay, ban can tuyen chon can
than nhung ngubi cb trien vpng lbn nhat, mbi hp vao dpi cua
ban, va kem cap hp. Khong quan trpng ban thuc hien viec nay
vbi mpt ngubi hay nhieu ngubi, lam viec "mpt thay mpt trb"
hay trong mpt nhom. Dieu cot yeu la ban can trao cho nhung
ngubi gibi nha't nhung dieu tot dep nha't aia minh.
Ban cb dang lam vay khong? Ban tra lbi the nao cho cau
hbi: Toi co dang loi cud'n nhirng ngudi cd trien vpng vao chuong
ciia tdi khdng?
11. Phat trlln mc>t nh6m lanh dao
Khi tbi b i t dau lam lanh dao, tbi cb'gang tu thuc hien mpi
viec. Tbi tan khi gan 40 tubi, tbi van nghi toi cb the lam he't
tat ca. Sau sinh nhat lain thii 40 cua minh, rb't cube tbi nhan
ra rang ne'u khong phat trien cac lanh dao khac, tbi se chi
425

NHA LANH DAO 360

dupe khai thac dupe mot phan nhb kha nang cua minh. Vi
vay, mudi nam tiep theo, phat trien moi ngudi thanh nhung
lanh dao gioi la trong tam cua tdi. Nhung ngay ca viec do
cung co nhung mat han che. Toi hieu rang de dat tdi trinh
do cao nha't cua nghe thuat lanh dao, tdi phai lien tuc phat
trien cac nhom lanh dao.
Chung ta phai thua nhan rang khdng ai co the lam tot
moi thu. Tdi khdng the lam dupe tat ca. Toi da viet 21
Nguyen tac vang cua nghe thuat lanh dao. Cud'n sach nay chua
dung moi nguyen tac lanh dao tdi tich luy trong suot cuoc
ddi hoc tap va lanh dao. Toi khong the lam tot tat ca 21
nguyen tac. Vi the, toi can su giup do.
Ban cung can tdi su giup do. Neu ban mudn to chuc cua
minh phat huy duoc he't tiem nang cua no, ne'u ban mub'n no
di tu tot tdi v i dai (hay tham chi la tu trung binh len tot), ban
can phat trien mpt nhom lanh dao, nhung ngudi cb the lap
nhung lb hong cua ngudi khac, nhung ngudi thach thuc va
"mai sac" lan nhau. Neu chung ta cb' gang tu minh lam he't
mpi viec, chung ta se khong bao gid vupt ra khoi rao can
gidi han lanh dao vb hinh cua chung ta.
Hay tu hbi minh: Tdi da cam ket dephdt trien mot nhom lanh
dao chua?
12. Giai phong cac lanh dao de hp cung dieu hanh
La nhung lanh dao, neu ta cam thay khdng chac chan hay
khdng yen tam ve qua trinh phat trien cua vai trd lanh dao,
thi dieu nay thudng khong lien quan den cac khoa dao tao
426

PHAN DAC BIET

chiing ta da cung cap cho hp. Su khong chac chan ma chiing
ta cam thay xay ra khi chiing ta d u lieu "tha" nhung lanh
dao aia minh ra de hp tu xoay xd. Viec nay khong khac gi
vdi nhung cam giac cha me ve nhung diia con. Bon tre
trudng thanh va lap gia dinh rieng cua chung, nhung khi
chung la nhung thieu nien, dieu kho khan nhat cho bo me la
tha chung ra de chung di theo con dubng chung chpn va t u
dua ra cac quyet dinh aia minh. That dang so, nhung ne'u
ban khong de chung thii sii dung dbi canh aia chung, chung
se khong bao gib biet bay.
Khi da ldn tub'i, cud'i cung, tdi da nhan ra minh nen nhu
mot ngubi "mb nap". Do la chiic nang chinh cua tbi khi d
cuong vi lanh dao. Neu tbi cb the mb nhung cai nap lanh
dao cho cac thanh vien aia nhom, thi do la tbi dang thuc
hien cdng viec aia minh. Tbi cang loai bd dupe nhieu can trd
cho cac nhan vien, hp cang de phat huy tiem nang. Va dieu
that su tuyet vdi la khi cac lanh dao dung dau trd thanh
nhung ngudi "nhac nap" (lid lifter) cho cac lanh dao cap
trung, thi nhung lanh dao cap trung do se trd thanh ngudi
"nhac ganh" (load lifter) cho nhung ngudi diing dau.
Vi vay day la cau hdi cudi cung. Hay tu hdi ban than:
Tdi cd dang gidi phong cac lanh dao ciia tdi de ho lanh dao khdng?
Ne'u ban tan tam phat trien va giai phong cho cac lanh
dao 360, to chiic cua ban va cupc ddi cua ban cung se ddi
thay. Tdi nhan thay cac lanh dao di h i lam mpt minh sang
phat trien cac lanh dao 360 thanh cdng trai qua ba giai doan:

427

NHA LANH DAO 360

Giai doan 1: Su co don ciia viec lanh dao - "Toi la

lanh dao duy nha't." Khi ban la lanh dao duy nha't, ban
that su phai dich than chi dao moi thu.

Giai doan 2: Su nhac ganh ciia mpt lanh dao - "Toi

chi la mpt trong so it cac lanh dao." Khi ban bat dau
lanh dao va phat trien nhung lanh dao khac, ban chi
lanh dao nhung viec quan trpng.

Giai doan 3: D i san ciia mpt lanh dao - "Tbi chi la mpt
trong nhieu lanh dao." Khi ban phat trien cac lanh dao
360, ban chi lanh dao mpt so van de chie'n lupc.

Tom Mullins la muc su cao cap aia Christ Fellowship,

mot giao doan rat lbn b West Palm Beach, Florida. Tom la
muc su sang lap, vi vay, khi mbi bat dau, bng bm dbm tat ca
mpi viec. Nhiem vu nao can hoan thanh, muc tieu nao can
thuc hien, hay chuong trinh nao can khoi xuong, Tom deu
dich than chi huy cong viec.
Song, Tom la mpt lanh dao xuat chiing. Ong khong he
mub'n "mpt minh mpt ngua", trb thanh Ngai Biet tub't. Khi to
chiic phat trien, Tom khong nhung tan tam giup do mpi
ngubi ma con phat trien cac lanh dao. Tom phat trien cang
nhieu lanh dao, bng cang it phai ra ngoai "chie'n tuyen". Suot
nhieu nam, Tom da phat trien va trao quyen cho cac lanh dao
360 de nhung ngubi nay dam nhiem vai trb chi huy.
Ngay nay, mbi tuan cb hon mubi nghin ngubi du le b nha
thb do bng sang lap. Cb hang tram chuong trinh va hoat
428

PHAN DAC BIET

dong dien ra hang tuan. Nha tho hoat dong rat tich cue
trong cong dong, xay nha va cung cap thuc an cho ngudi
ngheo. Nha thd lien tuc giang tay giup do mpi ngudi. Con
Tom d dau? Ong d trong long tat ca nhung hoat dpng do,
huah luyen, t u van, va dpng vien. Do la noi ong ngoi. Hiem
khi ong nam giu v i tri chi huy trong cac ke hoach. Tom ndi
rang thanh cdng cua ngudi khac - du do la viec dien thuyet
hay lanh dao nhom - khien ong vui sudng hon la viec chinh
ong phai "dung mui chiu sao". To chuc dang thanh cong
vupt qua sue tudng tuong cua dng.
Do chang phai la dieu tat ca cac lanh dao deu mong
muon sao - giup nhan vien va to chuc cua minh thanh cdng?
Nha triet hpc ldi lac cua Trung Quoc, Lao T u da noi: "Thai
thuong, bat tri huu t r i . " Nghia la: bac tri dan gibi nhat thi
19

dan khong biet la cb vua. Ngudi lanh dao tai ba nhat giup
ngudi khac thanh cong. Hp lanh dao, trao quyen va nit lui.
20

Ne'u ban xay dung dupe mpt mdi trudng phat trien cac lanh
dao 360, se cd mpt ngay ban se thuc hien dupe dieu do.

Dao due kinh, Chuong 17.

Theo Nguyen Hien Le, cau nay nghia la ong vua gioi thi cu thuan theo
tu nhien, "cu vo vi nhi su, hanh bat ngon chi giao" de cho dan thuan tinh
ma phat trien, khong can thiep vao vi#c aia dan, nen dan khong thay vua
lam gi ca, co ho khong co vua.
19

20

429

D a n h m u c cac tac p h a m c u a J o h n C . M a x w e l l
(Cac cuon in dam da va se duoc Alpha Books xuat ban trong nam 2008)

1. There's No Such Thing as "Business" Ethics (tai ban nam 2005 vai
ten Ethics 101), Warner Business Books, 2003
2. 25 Ways to Win with People (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 2005
3. Attitude 101, Thomas Nelson, 2003
4. Be a People Person, David C. Cook Distribution, 2007
5. Be All You Can Be, David C. Cook Distribution, 2007
6. Becoming a Person of Influence (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 1997
7. Breakthrough Parenting, Focus on the Family, 1996
8. Dan.' to Dream, Thomas Nelson, 2006
9. Destiny & Deliverance (dong tac giai, Thomas Nelson, 1998
10. Developing the Leader Within You, Thomas Nelson, 1993
11. Developing the Leaders Around You, Thomas Nelson, 1995
12. Encouragement Changes Everything, Thomas Nelson, 2008
13. Equipping 101, Thomas Nelson, 2003
14. Failing Fonoard - Turning Your Mistakes into Stepping Stones for
Success, Thomas Nelson, 2000
15. Leadership 101, Thomas Nelson, 2002
16. Leadership Gold, Thomas Nelson, 2008
17. Leadership Promises for Every Day, J Countryman, 2003
18. Leading From the Lockers, Tommy Nelson, 2001

430

19. Life&Work (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 2005

20. Living at the Next Level, Thomas Nelson, 1996
21. Partners in Prayer, Thomas Nelson, 1996
22. Relationships 101, Thomas Nelson, 2003
23. Running With the Giants, Warner Books, 2002
24. Success - One Day at a Time, J. Countryman, 2000
25. Talent is Never Enough, Thomas Nelson, 2007
26. Teamwork Makes the Dream Work, ]. Countryman, 2002
27. Today Matters, Warner Books, 2004
28. Tough Questions - Honest Answers, Here's Life Publishers, 1985
29. Hie 17 Essential Qualities of a Team Player, Thomas Nelson, 2002
30. The 17 Indisputable Laws of Teamwork, Thomas Nelson, 2001
31. The 21 Indispensable Qualities of a Leader, Thomas Nelson, 1999
32. The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, Thomas Nelson, 1998
33.

Hie 21 Most Powerful Minutes in a Leader's Day, Thomas Nelson, 2000

34. The 360" Leader, Thomas Nelson, 2006

35. The Choice is Yours, 1 nomas Nelson, 2005
36. The Desert Experience (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 2001
37. The Difference Maker, Thomas Nelson, 2006
38. Vie Heart of Christmas (dong tac gia), Thomas Nelson, 1998
39. The Journey From Success to Significance, J. Countryman, 2004
40.

The Maxwell Leadership Bible, Thomas Nelson, 2002

41. The Power of Attitude, (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: You Can't'
Be a Smart Cookie If You Have a Crummy Attitude), Eagle, 2006
431

42. The Power of Influence (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: It's just a
Thought but It Could Change Your Life), Cook Communications, 2002
43. The Power of Leadership (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien:
Leadership 101), RiverOak, 2001
44. The Power of Partnership, J Countryman, 1999
45. The Power of Thinking Big, Cook Communications, 2002
46. The Preacher's Commentary Deuteronomy (nhan de lan xuat ban
dau tien: Deuteronomy Commentary), Thomas Nelson, 2004
47. The Right to Lead, J. Countryman, 2001
48. The Time Crunch (dong tac gia), Multnomah Books, 1993
49. The Treasure of a Friend, J. Countryman, 1999
50. The Winning Attitude (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: Your
Attitude: Key to Success), Thomas Nelson, 1990
51. Think on These Things, Beacon Hill Press, 1979
52. Thinking For a Change, Warner Business Books, 2003
53. Winning With People, Thomas Nelson, 2004
54. Your Bridge to a Better Future, Thomas Nelson, 1997
55. Your Family Time With God, Christian Parenting Books, 1995
56. Your Road Map for Success (nhan de lan xuat ban dau tien: The
Success Journey), Thomas Nelson, 2002

432

NHA LANH DAO 360

NI LA XUAT BAN LAO DONG - XA 1101

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Dien thnai: (84-4) 624 6921 - Fax: (84-4) 624 6915
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In 3 000 ban. kho 14.5 x 20.5 cm tai Xtfcrng in Tap chi Tin hpc & Doi song.
Quyet dinh xuat ban so 435-2004/CXB/12-124/LDXH, cap ngay 30-05-2009.
In xong va n6p luxi chiu quy III - 2009

CONG TY SACH ALPHA

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Sai lam ldn nhat la khi

chung ta song vdi noi so
hai lien mien rang roi
chung ta se mac sai lam.
Long can dam cua mpt nha
lanh dao vi dai de thuc
hien udc mo va tam nhin
cua minh xuat phat tCr cam
xiic chd khong phai dia vi.
Neu chung ta phat trien,
chung ta ludn phai gap
kho khan vathb thach.
Hay lanh dao ban than
truoc. Day chinh la xuat
phat diem cho mpi dieu.
John C.Maxwell

AlphaBiz / linh dao & Quan ly

OLfNG 001 Ol/OC THANG CAP!
HAY BAT OAU LANH OAO NGAY Tlf BAY GlfJ,
TAI V{ TRI BAN DANG OLfNG!

"Toi se lam theo huong dan ciia ong nhuthe nao trong khi toi khong phai la
lanh dao cap cao?" la cau hoi ma John C. Maxwell, nhan duoc nhieu nhat trong
cac cuoc hpi thao ve nghe thuat lanh dao ma ong la dien gia.

Ban co the lanh dao va lanh dao tot khong, khi ban khong dung dau to ch
hay khi ban co mot ngudi lanh dao toi? Oau la vi tri tot nhat de lanh dao? Cau tra
lai se khien ban ngac nhien. Kha nang tro thanh lanh dao nam trong tam tay
ban, va vi tri giua trong so do to chUc la vi tri toi Uu de thuc hanh, luyen tap va
morangtam anh huong.
Trong cuon Nha lanh dao 360, John C. Maxwell chung minh rang quyen
trong hau het cac to chuc chii yeu thupc ve cac nha lanh dao cap trung, nhUng
nguoi co mot vi the nhat dinh nhung hiem khi y thUc duoc anh hudng va quyen
luc ciia minh. Ong dan dSt chiing ta di tu nhung ngo nhan va
thach thirc phai vuot qua de' den vdi cac nguyen tic cot tir ciia
thuat lanh dao.
Diing nhu nhan de Nha lanh dao 360 goi ra, nha lanh dao cap
1
trung nim d trung tam khoi cau quan he xoay quanh la lanh dao cap
cao, lanh dao dong cap va cap dudi. L/ng vdi moi mat phang quan
he, nha lanh dao cap trung se co nhirng nguyen tic doi nhan the
rieng ma chiing ta co the tim thay trong Who lanh dao 360- Co the coi
cuon sach la mot khoa hpc ma nha tuvan lanh dao noi tieng nhat
nude My danh cho nhirng ngudi co khat vpng vuon len vi tri lanh
dao theo nghia toan ven nhat ciia nghe thuat nay.
Nha lanh dao 360
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