DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS sdbook ~ Mathematics b Solution: Let y= vertical displacement of the abject y=-velocity of the object at time a > acceleration of the object tettat ve Note tat v= 32.2t+1400 rn dy = (32204 1400) yo y= Hb. +1400+% when t= 0,y-=0: ye -t6te 1400+ 0=-16.1(0)'+1400(0) +x K=0 y=-16.10' +1400 then y= 30.000,1 =? 30,000. =16.1¢' +1400 -30,000=0 hams ‘oa 160m {= 383 sis the time t po 30,0008 48.7 5 is the time the object aces a 30,000 & going down. Getthe v att= 3835 ya 32 +1s00 yn-32.2(883) +1400 y=166578 Answer: D= vebsity of the object atime, pe inass ofthe object se Seeond LAW Of Newton (The Law of . rem a rea se sam of all vertical forces and equate ito consider the downward direction (the ‘a of the motion ofthe object) asthe direction: ev 10-3 "a oa ma te 19-30 ont! =10-3y saf)no-m)-tee swin(0-3¥)= t+ ln(19-3v)=-l0t+6 1o=3v=Ce" v= 0: Sohsin: 10-30 =109" ay=10- Hoe" ava i0(t-e") Boren) Let y ~distace traveled by the objec tenet DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:Ue y= 3224 Integrating both sides when i= 0, y= S00, YeI6ise 500-1610) 4c cas when t= 5, y=9 16.10 +500 161(3)' +500 yaonsn Answer: A Cy Solution: Let Q = amount of salt in tb) inthe mi ixture at any ‘The diferent equation is nw separ Integrating both sides: ae 00-9 soa Liae 100-9 10-O=ces" Q=100-ce™* ‘when t=0, 0=0: 109-Q= ce 100-020 c=100 when t= 10.Q=2 Q= 100-1996 Qrt8i3 Answer: Atime t amvant of salt (in) inthe minture a ny ete seer oon oh law cp Gr) =fominase Cs octave we =c a=ce* Wren =0,0=50 Q=ce* so=Ce c=s0 Soe forte ant fsa afer 5: rer ud Qasee* este” Qa3804 answer: Sohition: ea y= eis ibe = EwerMH0_ the Hou Nath Hat aig ab escrein iw (l= tape bree ‘whi sna om NH Alii 1 | | 1 soe!) Peto: i 20= 104 kena t When (4, T= 9 T=10 +2008" Ta 10#200°) Ta1794 Answer A Siohaion Lat T= temperature at any given time: Use the 19 of Cooling: a Miers, eT a at yer~29) qk) a Ta Tes Incpring bot sie: a iat In(t20)esexe Taking exponential on batq Eon a Soution 4 to the gener ime R. To eam Fines acing fan a Taking exponen bh ids. pee Pace Gene Slain ‘Sie the rest pr arma i %econpount exotinsenys C08, pecet + General Sottion sp intrest per annum is 5% compounded Wheat P=? soon? ooQues“ Whent=4.Q=7 Qe) seg ass ofthe radioactive material st time Date Innegrating both sides: gem ozo Q=Ce" + Conca Soa Wheat9.0=0, Qace c-0, 0-0." Whee t=05.Q= 050, Sabstinee the vase of and C tote genet solution: 0-05" Whent~08,Q-7 QaQe"" =0530, answer: €he HCE Handbook —Mathe “were 18 yon afer 1970, 3000=Ce" 3000=ce* > 4? ‘Substitute the value of 0.4 Wo = cet Jon = ce™ cau Substitute the value ofkeand C othe general solution: Neco Get N when to: Neonde) Neos answer: D DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Solution: Let Q= mass ofthe radioactive materia tte | Fr Bag Qik negating both sides; ratio oea: | and ds fng-becA 2 3 = mS Solute Let P= population ata Incegrating both sides nP=Keec Taking exponential on both sides: peel" P=Ce" > General Solution When t= 0,P=40, 49=ce8' cad When t= 2, P= 200, 200= 40e'" Smet InS= 2k k= 0.805 when naan? varie Answer D. Solution: Let P= population at any tine | on of coor a a. Sp 702d ntegrating both sides: InP 002146 35=cem" Cais When t=, P= 50 50=3.50"the ECE Handbook ~ M pe f+ General Solution ne ke 00231 P=3Pat=? P=Ce* 3=P.<" 3-0" b3=ine'™" h3=0.0231 Ins t= 347559 3 for the year: Year =1967+47.559, ‘Year =2014.559= 2015 PROBLEM 45 Mathematics by Jaime R. Thong & Hog & Jaime C: Tiong Jn 475 Solution Rate of population grow: tere a, Nsl aire — comalaneie ‘When = 0, P= 90,000: Sabstituting tothe general soho Then 2NP=1+ 600 > Pariuler solution When P= 160,000, =? Substituting inthe particular solution: 2yfian0 =4+ 600 2(400)= +600 800-14 500 1-200 Answer: €Get the integrating factor: fro ros ined ited ined ie thee? ines Cb ees ra : heed na users sun -fooinase Pace ye = foe"ax +c eh xa1ye foorinersc 3 PROBLEM 43 After integration by parts: Dye” +4ye" 4467 4C Detyedece we Solution: Note: The differential equation is no separble nor ‘sft homogenous. Afler checking his ifercatia equation canbe eosidered as linear of onder one. However, unlike the ‘Previous examples, this differential equation Chern se ‘Solution: § Let P= poputation st any time t deo? y Side re? et ieee, Sib “0 | 3 Hy = u i: £ y= yNae The deen enation is ot separable no ‘sithomapeecus, Aer checking {ifort equation ean be consider Inca of ne ne afy-As! ac rnay 0 (05-Be' Jac rxdy <0 say = (80°29) oy ‘sotto None: The differen eoation nt separable nor Irmo Ar checing es ‘Sitter equation ca scour a thew for oe yeryee Lary Poet om Gat he integrating fate eeerent qian not sepa isinbomogenous. ter chee Ns Siren equation sae 38 6x9" +(6n'y 44y')y"=0 (x! 460") 6 (6x'y4y2)ay =0 Fextsaciy +e) or Maas +6? Ne éx’y + ay? bx aM_ an 2B acy F ras 2 eae Ee = = "yeay? > eq2 ze EM icing. x'y+Cly) > 4.3 Equate eq, 2 and eq. 3: 6x'y+01y) =6x'y44y? CQ) =4y? 4a Oar Get the solution: Spatia ty saxty +! weayhasy Answer: © Solution: ‘Note: The differential equation is not sep isithomogenous. Afier checkin erential equation canbe eo linea of order one, (x! +3y)a =ndy =0 xdy = (x! 43y)dxo Peavre™ een ey? he soliton ‘sit homogenous, Af prret-yhae ax HCQ) b Se) yea 2 408993 ba Cty) axe” =2y ay cO)eny sn ig ot separable Por Mor checking Hs ‘iffrential equate” ™ 4 e+ 2xydy=9 Mey? =2y a any 7 42 4 Ierting 64 Fang! 40t9) oe Haase + a3 gute eg. 2 and eg anys) =2xy coo cg)=e Get he sation: nize answer: D Coen Wr oy= PROBLEM 36 Ramee cll Note: The differential equation is not sparable nor is ithomogenous. After checking this ifferential equation is exact (x4siny)dv +(s cosy =xtsiny > eq =xeosy-2y > oy? Integrating eg oe xuny 4c P= *sxsiny 40) or i a xeosy Cy) > 69.3 oy quate eq. 2 and eg. 3: cory C19) =HEOPHDY Note: The ditferential equation is mot is it homogenous. After checking. thisato 69.2 peodrly! 29 4c() My? -2ye Cy) > 3 FanWf'-2y9Clx) > © pices. | and eq. 3 oxy? 294 CL) =28? =) eYy)e2043 seal myth 1 eae os xtex=e 5rY avy ainy tt r6x=6 DOE ute The differorial equation sno separable 0% Ishomogsnnss. fier checking is ‘Serra equation is exact Inlay ahi oo 429) 870 Madey ox OM a act ® Nex'+2) aN ™y oy = Coxe) wy og) E x42) 4 692 Bev + Integrating 09.1 ya CO) axeOy) > 83 a quate eq. 2 and e9.3: de acy) =e 42y cys cy)=¥ Get the solutions wyoayi=e answer:_ {ese ot Fen P0t 0) eq le 09, Hand dys! ery seo Cue ae OQ) Get the solute Answer A TD Solve the differential equation (rsh Gy}te= de 'noteyeren Bi xhanyayine © xey-yee : Do weneyteyee A i A (2S Solution Note: The siferential equation is not separable nor is ithomosenes fet heck his ferential ‘equation i exe. (sey}de4(x-y)ey <0 Maxey om el Nex-y aN (exact) Wansy oo Mt & acy 9619 oveprating ¢4. b pa dteny +0) x Bacyy + qa a - ‘quate eq: 2 and eg, 3: x-y =x4CQ) Ciye-y oy)= {Get he solution: Solution: Note: The differential equation is #0" is ithomogenous. Aner differential equation is ex (2x! -ny! =2y +5) (89%by Jaime R.Tiong & Jaime C. Tiong Jr 467 Dy-Ixm2x 4X) c1yy=ry Gpay on ‘The differential equation is nok sepasable nor Mipemogenous, After checking, this difereatial ton is exact ay) dx +2(y=x)8) =0 ‘Solution: ‘Note: The differential equation isnot separeble ne jg ithomogenous, Afir checking. ths differentialSohtion [Note:The ditrenial equation is homoge wih eyree 2 yews Aye vided (38! y's 20909 0 43 Ee) 200? (ned) a Pro CI -2Vs Bsn Sdn nvile= Dead PMR 4 VS —~2V7Us Dandy Wd (04v)ts-2ands 00 avy xv bxom(v' v4) ne vane xo(v' a9) wi ses(01'4y!) Answer: B Slaton degtce yew Answer: D dy asde end (vd pad) = (x4 ox)on 9 AA 1 —Xihy— yu a) Note: The ferential equation iso yen ywtte a gn i dy (x+y) a0. 3 Xv a) xvody «0 Wa 26 xCE Handbook — Mathematics ty ime R Toa & Jaime Com COIN yy?)a-sy=0 fee EJ Veer tach) =o iv ey) eset) =e (evar) ae v(ooes att)? c= vie vd — Vd =v =D fee = ee & ince V1 tnxev-D ev =e serene ae je ee uve ‘Note:The diferent cantons Homogsnos wi segre 2 a9 ee vdy ad space (ee )=° sy" (oay en) a9 48720 vd yidyty'dy=0 vy sande v' VO Dytdy+dy eye =0 Gv ative So co y aval ays fine +0 =e Anyatncte #D)=Aine Versa yCea\s avy nts answer: APROBLEM 26 ry to make the diferental equation separable by assigning 4 new variable. ‘Solution: = Wate (28+ 39-42)dy = 3 ess Keays ah =U “Try to make the differential equation assigning a new variable. o(Zijoe aati: ay Ut ae Letexe? = Bae (e- (da ~3dy)+(u+2)dy = nds —3ody = day Baty +40 = 0 enas (01s ~0~Tyy ee (u=Tdu = (u~Thdy, tute the new variable u to the original ‘equation: u+6in-7)-y=c 2x +3y + 6lo(2x+3y-7}-yme whenx=2.y=4: 2x+3y+6in2x43y-D-yae 22) +3(4)+61012(2)+3(4)-7)-(4)=« 6in9+12=6 2x4 3y+6ln(2x +3y—-T-¥=61n9+ 12fny-inc=inu ‘ny ine ='odn) mnt =Ho(in) Yom © yeeinx Solution: Try fo mabe teeter equation sepriety assigning ne variable (x Oy + 3)de (35 oY =O eon dusds-35 ‘Subsite the new varie wo the origi! sqenion os3xdus3h) ett ad + 6udy +340 +8) —udy—o = Qu +3)u +(Se + Bidy =O 23 gy sey=0pe eh Hationk: Malonation iy Wels parable equation WH Tan ne, Tiong i._464 fukn: : Ones TS 8 spore cts tay ‘ y neetiyse AWN Mingo Wal omy ee ‘Answer A CoE Solin: ‘Note; This sa separable equates ace qe dy 2 ye dato y iny-2inx =e y hee sae Seee 2 ed ‘oe Con Solution Note: This is a sparable equation dy yde 0 andy syle ook dx a y ® Dd Icon both ies foy=-tnxe€ tny inne ngo)=c pressing exponen fom: nek ‘Note: e° is constant = © wc Answer: A nihook ~ Mathematies by Jaime R, PROBLEM 17 Solution: Note: This is separable equation 2x(y 41M yay <0 2xly- 1 = yy nike Pay Inegtng bo shes fas S-a) May-h(yei)ec ‘when x0, y=-2: O=-2-Wn|-2+1)+¢ e=2 Paynin (oye?Si Handbsok ~ Mattern of tangeney; the so pt Hpe store Ofte line at that penny be OPE OF Hy curye ge cue A POI OF LangENey fo bY Hae KT ding SI agg) Ne pe a “Icey se ee eh nical be ve oaeaeny Ee Sra fib ie of he er ty ooh y Aotegrating bie: lay sony Taking the eae math en solu rv serene— _ xxi : t 2aten2{Z)+e 2=.2(-)se eo Yatefats Ea slitin for pea shin veri he SrcAmogite choise. toUATIONS & ere square nar red be Setsome problem in te ibe oe avs inte tt pan name «order ofthe differential equation isthe order of Fighes derivative ofthe unknown function tat Jn the equation. In this problem, 2 he Solan The nf te ce qa ’ snakes be hikes dae ott Sane wran nts mane Wh antes ye Bie the equation an rer of? Coun suet DNS 1 Tee a ere oot ony 8 ayant poy 3, Noproveanet 8 I ve to ‘sievesPhew probien & stneare POM tc of change ofthe camcenecice of tt Kinematic and Newrsa’s second law of Ditferential Egeations can be uted 10 salve Yelocty and acceleration are the dependest ‘arables an tme fs he independ variable 11> acceleration ofthe bly = velocity ofthe body $= displacement ofthe boty where Alo, the Newton's second lew of mation can be sed in dealing wih these WSR of proiems where F= fee m= mass ofthe body aving Ft 1850 KOH a Ele seater 4 son's equation type sop ype of differential equation, mis re equation, nis not ibe | Orie, it Besos seperbe = ‘geen solution: jaeouli Equation is named after the brothers ess 1708) and Johann Bernoulli (1657 ~ et many oocasions in nature that fist order al equations arise. Hence, differential can be used in solving these problems. ® Me of change of the population poem mvegrating factor eft Tieng & Mig ry cay protien, Radioactive bere: 0 rw 77H ofchange ofthe Oe amet ofthe cba rece ati =e problems Continous compound interest : pcos = money preset inthe account amy time namin rat oie pe Yet where ate of change et TEP umber of inhabitants at any time © fenstant of proportionality “r= teraeraare of he BOY any inet iL grounding eres452 _The ECE Handbook-—Mathematies by Jaime R. Thong & Jaime ¢ 2. Particular solution the solution that has no oxbitrary constant. Example: Dey ¢y' =20 Solutions to First Order Differential Equations 1. Variable separable ippe Ia fist onder differential equation is of such 3 form that all the occurrences of one variable ‘may be moved to one side of the equality and all occurrences. of the other variable t0 the ‘ther side, the equation is called separable ‘Such equation may be Solved by imegrating separate expressions Standard form uy DUFF 2 Homogeneous type Standard form: Genera solution: Note: Fistor difereial equations rent always separable Homogeneous diferent ‘uations, however, maybe transformed nt ‘cpus eguatns by he susan of 4. Linear type An expression i id 1 be bm, “i terms hve hese deg ‘Somogresour asses etn iid et i al i a Test for homopeoeity of dears Moxy) di st tixy 6 where: Fly) = fnxyioess, Fixy) = [Mxyioy-h, Test for exactness: Ifa differential equation is not exact. an introduction ofa cern factor aed rating factor makes i xac. Thi by linear equations of ‘iste below is he standard frm of ‘equation that i tinea and of ode om Aependce variable, Standard form:jw HOU Hanabiook = Math ath 3 forerenieia) Equations Halen by Pate tired ae pec varie he marie ta ra el ira aerivave ha vila see pe em uslen ue tai sare aba ae ot er i Yasin pony Ide ay dyed {23} {ea} ero a) Lae? bay tyee 1 differemial equations ave functions De dierentat equation £2 2x has fo is as tiny f2xdx = x! 4, where Cis an ary constant lives of Differential Equations Ordinary Differential fequation 2 vation containing only one independent na ‘only orinaty Ussivatives in the equation. Hong je 481. a Fo Fsvexton «i cpm mvt dara Me eV page ral eaten Soil i Order of Differential Equations he ardor of D1 on ‘oer deehyaive whic pes dnd Shea o5u49 Sect On foe OY ay! a! 46x92 ng hid Onder Degree of Differential Equations, {he degyee oF ilfeertia equation whose terms ane pyran the derivatives is defined as the Iighest power of the highest order derivative xamples First Degrees types of Solutions of Differential Equations as a 1. Genera ctl the onaion bas SE fone abla conta ample: x= 3 °C where: = arbitrary constant ' evans slo” "amples a, b,c; and fin the prev es of ordinary differential equates oes