Ramg

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
201103002
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float x,y,x1,x2,y1,y2, dx, dy;
int ch,i, m,gd=DETECT,gm;
printf("\nDDA Algorithm");
printf("\nEnter the point of X1\n");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("Enter the point of Y1\n");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("Enter the point of X2\n");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("Enter the point of Y2\n");
scanf("%f",&y2);
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx>=dy)
{
m=dx;
}
else
{
m=dy;
}
x=x1;
y=y1;
putpixel((int)x,(int)y,15);
for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
{
x=x+dx/m;
y=y+dy/m;
putpixel((int)x,(int)y,15);
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
}
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
int dx, dy, p, end;
float x1, x2, y1, y2, x, y;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, " ");
printf("Enter Value of X1:\n");
scanf("%f", &x1);
printf("Enter Value of Y1:\n");
scanf("%f", &y1);
printf("Enter Value of X2:\n");
scanf("%f", &x2);
printf("Enter Value of Y2:\n");
scanf("%f", &y2);
clearviewport();
dx=abs(x1-x2);
dy=abs(y1-y2);
p=2*dy-dx;
if(x1>x2)
{
x=x2;
y=y2;
end=x1;
}
else
{
x=x1;
y=y1;
end=x2;
}
putpixel(x, y, 15);
while(x<end)
{
x=x+1;
if(p < 0)
{
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
p=p+2*dy;
}
else
{
y=y+1;
p=p+2*(dy-dx);
}
putpixel(x, y, 15);
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,i,r,x,y,xc,yc;
float d;
printf("Enter Radius\n");
scanf("%d",&r);
printf("Enter Center of circle\n");
scanf("%d",&xc);
scanf("%d",&yc);
d=1.25-r;
x=0;
y=r;
do
{
if(d<0)
{
x=x+1;
d=d+2*x+1;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
d=d+2*x-2*y+10;
}
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,5);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,5);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,5);
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,5);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,5);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,5);
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
}while(x<y);
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x,y,r;
void cir(int,int,int);
printf("Enter the Midpoints and Radius:");
scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&r);
cir(x,y,r);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
void cir(int x1,int y1,int r)
{
int x=0,y=r,p=1-r;
void cliplot(int,int,int,int);
cliplot(x1,y1,x,y);
while(x<y)
{
x++;
if(p<0)
p+=2*x+1;
else
{
y--;
p+=2*(x-y)+1;
}
cliplot(x1,y1,x,y);
}
}
void cliplot(int xctr,int yctr,int x,int y)
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
{
putpixel(xctr +x,yctr +y,1);
putpixel(xctr -x,yctr +y,1);
putpixel(xctr +x,yctr -y,1);
putpixel(xctr -x,yctr -y,1);
putpixel(xctr +y,yctr +x,1);
putpixel(xctr -y,yctr +x,1);
putpixel(xctr +y,yctr -x,1);
putpixel(xctr -y,yctr -x,1);
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the Midpoints and Radius:
100
100
50
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <graphics.h>
void ellipseMidpoint(float, float, float, float);
void drawEllipse(float, float, float, float);
int main()
{
float xc, yc, rx, ry;
int gd = DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "");
printf("\nEnter the center coordinates of ellipse: ");
scanf("%f %f", &xc, &yc);
printf("\nEnter x-radius coordinate: ");
scanf("%f", &rx);
printf("\nEnter y-radius coordinate: ");
scanf("%f", &ry);
ellipseMidpoint(xc, yc, rx, ry);
getch();
return 0;
}
void ellipseMidpoint(float xc, float yc, float rx, float ry)
{
float rxSq = rx * rx;
float rySq = ry * ry;
float x = 0, y = ry, p;
float px = 0, py = 2 * rxSq * y;
drawEllipse(xc, yc, x, y);
p = rySq - (rxSq * ry) + (0.25 * rxSq); //Region 1
while (px < py)
{
x++;
px = px + 2 * rySq;
if (p < 0)
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
{
p = p + rySq + px;
}
else
{
y--;
py = py - 2 * rxSq;
p = p + rySq + px - py;
}
}
p = rySq*(x+0.5)*(x+0.5) + rxSq*(y-1)*(y-1) - rxSq*rySq; //Region 2
while (y > 0)
{
y--;
py = py - 2 * rxSq;
if (p > 0)
p = p + rxSq - py;
else
{
x++;
px = px + 2 * rySq;
p = p + rxSq - py + px;
}
}
}
void drawEllipse(float xc, float yc, float x, float y)
{
putpixel(xc+x, yc+y, RED);
putpixel(xc-x, yc+y, RED);
putpixel(xc+x, yc-y, RED);
putpixel(xc-x, yc-y, RED);
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the center coordinates of ellipse:100
200
Enter the x-coordinate of the radius : 50
Enter the y-coordinate of the radius : 60

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void ellipseplot(int,int,int,int);
int xcenter,yc,rx,ry;
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
long xcenter,ycenter,rx,ry;
long rx2,ry2,tworx2,twory2,d1,d2,x,y,dx,dy;
printf("\nEnter the x-coordinate of the center point :");
scanf("%ld",&xcenter);
printf("\nEnter the y-coordinate of the center point :");
scanf("%ld",&ycenter);
printf("\nEnter the x-coordinate of the radius :");
scanf("%ld",&rx);
printf("\nEnter the y-coordinate of the radius :");
scanf("%ld",&ry);
rx2=rx*rx;
ry2=ry*ry;
twory2=2*ry2;
tworx2=2*rx2;
x=0;
y=ry;
d1=ry2-rx2*ry+(0.25*rx2);
dx=twory2*x;
dy=tworx2*y;
do
{
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
ellipseplot(xcenter,ycenter,x,y);
if(d1<0)
{
x=x+1;
y=y;
dx=dx+twory2;
d1=d1+dx+ry2;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
dx=dx+twory2;
dy=dy-tworx2;
d1=d1+dx-dy+ry2;
}
}
while(dx<dy);
d2=ry2*(x+0.5)*(x+0.5)+rx2*(y-1)*(y-1)-rx2*ry2;
do
{
ellipseplot(xcenter,ycenter,x,y);
if(d2>0)
{
x=x;
y=y-1;
dy=dy-tworx2;
d2=d2-dy+rx2;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
dy=dy-tworx2;
dx=dx+twory2;
d2=d2+dx-dy+rx2;
}
}
while(y>0);
getch();
closegraph();
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
return 0;
}
void ellipseplot(int xcenter,int ycenter,int x,int y)
{
putpixel(xcenter+x,ycenter+y,15);
putpixel(xcenter-x,ycenter+y,15);
putpixel(xcenter+x,ycenter-y,15);
putpixel(xcenter-x,ycenter-y,15);
}
OUTPUT:
Enter the x-coordinate of the center point : 100
Enter the y-coordinate of the center point : 200
Enter the x-coordinate of the radius : 50
Enter the y-coordinate of the radius : 60
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int ch;
while(1)
{
printf("******Line Styles*******\n");
printf("\n1.Solid Line");
printf("\n2.Dotted Line");
printf("\n3.Center Line");
printf("\n4.Dashed Line");
printf("\n5.Userbit Line");
printf("\n6.Exit");
printf("\n\nEnter your choice:\n");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
setlinestyle(0,1,3);
line(100,30,250,250);
getch();
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
cleardevice();closegraph();
break;
case 2:
line(100,30,250,250);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 3:
line(100,30,250,250);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 4:
line(100,30,250,250);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 5:
line(100,30,250,250);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 6:
exit(0);
}
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
******Line Styles*******
1.Solid Line
2.Dotted Line
3.Center Line
4.Dashed Line
5.Userbit Line
6.Exit
Enter your Choice: 1
Solid Line

Dotted Line
..
Enter your choice : 3
Enter your choice: 6
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int ch;
while(1)
{
printf("******Circle Attributes*******\n");
printf("\n1.Empty Fill \n2.Soild Fill\n3.Line Fill\n4.Wide dot
Fill\n5.close dot Fill\n6.User Fill\n7.Exit");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
setfillstyle(EMPTY_FILL, RED);
circle(100, 100, 50);
floodfill(100, 100, WHITE);
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 2:
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);
circle(100, 100, 50);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 3:
setfillstyle(LINE_FILL, RED);
circle(100, 100, 50);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 4:
setfillstyle(WIDE_DOT_FILL, RED);
circle(100, 100, 50);
getch();
break;
case 5:
setfillstyle(CLOSE_DOT_FILL, RED);
circle(100, 100, 50);
getch();
break;

201103002
case 6:
setfillstyle(USER_FILL, RED);
circle(100, 100, 50);
getch();
break;
case 7:
exit(0);
}
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
******Circle Attributes*******
1.Empty Fill
2.Soild Fill
3.Line Fill
4.Wide dot Fill
5.close dot Fill
6.User Fill
7.Exit
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
Enter your choice:2

RESULT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
PROGRAM:
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,ch;
while(1)
{
printf("******Ellipse Attributes*******\n");
printf("\n1.Empty Fill");
printf("\n2.Soild Fill");
printf("\n3.Line Fill");
printf("\n4.Wide dot Fill");
printf("\n5.close dot Fill");
printf("\n6.User Fill");
printf("\n7.Exit");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
setfillstyle(EMPTY_FILL, RED);
ellipse(100, 100,0,360,50,25);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 2:
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);
ellipse(100, 100,0,360,50,25);
getch();
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 3:
setfillstyle(LINE_FILL, RED);
ellipse(100, 100,0,360,50,25);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 4:
setfillstyle(WIDE_DOT_FILL, RED);
ellipse(100, 100,0,360,50,25);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 5:
setfillstyle(CLOSE_DOT_FILL, RED);
ellipse(100, 100,0,360,50,25);
getch();
cleardevice();
closegraph();
break;
case 6:
setfillstyle(USER_FILL, RED);
ellipse(100, 100,0,360,50,25);
getch();
break;

201103002
case 7:
exit(0);
}
}
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
******Ellipse Attributes*******
1.Empty Fill
2.Soild Fill
3.Line Fill
4.Wide dot Fill
5.close dot Fill
6.User Fill
7.Exit
Enter your choice : 6
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<math.h>
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,mx,my;
void draw();
void tri();
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,c;
printf("Enter the 1st point for the triangle:");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("Enter the 2nd point for the triangle:");
printf("Enter the 3rd point for the triangle:");
cleardevice();
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
draw();
getch();
tri();
getch();
return 0;
}
void draw()
{
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
}
void tri()
{
int x,y,a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3;
printf("Enter the Translation coordinates");
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
cleard evice();
a1=x1+x;
b1=y1+y;
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
a2=x2+x;
b2=y2+y;
a3=x3+x;
b3=y3+y;
line(a1,b1,a2,b2);
line(a2,b2,a3,b3);
line(a3,b3,a1,b1);
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<math.h>
void TriAngle(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3);
void Rotate(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3);
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3;
TriAngle(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
cleardevice();
Rotate(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
setcolor(1);
TriAngle(x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3);
getch();
return 0;
}
void TriAngle(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
}
void Rotate(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int x3,int y3)
{
int x,y,a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3,p=x2,q=y2;
float Angle;
printf("Enter the angle for rotation:");
scanf("%f",&Angle);
cleardevice();
Angle=(Angle*3.14)/180;
a1=p+(x1-p)*cos(Angle)-(y1-q)*sin(Angle);
b1=q+(x1-p)*sin(Angle)+(y1-q)*cos(Angle);
printf("Rotate");
TriAngle(a1,b1,a2,b2,a3,b3);
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<math.h>
int x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,mx,my;
void draw();
void scale();
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,c;
draw();
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
scale();
return 0;
}
void draw()
{
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
}
void scale()
{
int x,y,a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3;
int mx,my;
printf("Enter the scalling coordinates");
mx=(x1+x2+x3)/3;
my=(y1+y2+y3)/3;
cleardevice();
a1=mx+(x1-mx)*x;
b1=my+(y1-my)*y;
a2=mx+(x2-mx)*x;
b2=my+(y2-my)*y;
a3=mx+(x3-mx)*x;
b3=my+(y3-my)*y;
line(a1,b1,a2,b2);
line(a2,b2,a3,b3);
line(a3,b3,a1,b1);
draw();
getch();
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#define LEFT_EDGE 0x1
#define RIGHT_EDGE 0x2
#define BOTTOM_EDGE 0x4
#define TOP_EDGE 0x8
#define INSIDE(a) (!a)
#define REJECT(a,b) (a&b)
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
#define ACCEPT(a,b) (!(a|b))

#define FALSE 0
#define TRUE 1
struct point
{
int x;
int y;
}p1,p2,tmp;
struct win
{
int x;
int y;
}winmin,winmax;
unsigned char encode(struct point pt,struct win winmin,struct win winmax)
{
unsigned char code=0x00;
if(pt.x<winmin.x)
code=code|LEFT_EDGE;
if(pt.x>winmax.x)
code=code|RIGHT_EDGE;
if(pt.y<winmin.y)
code=code|BOTTOM_EDGE;
if(pt.y>winmax.y)
code=code|TOP_EDGE;
return(code);
}
void swappts(struct point *p1,struct point *p2)
{
tmp=*p1;
*p1=*p2;
*p2=tmp;
}
void swapcodes(unsigned char *c1,unsigned char *c2)
{
unsigned char tmp;
tmp=*c1;
*c1=*c2;
*c2=tmp;
}
void clipline(struct win winmin, struct win winmax,struct point p1,struct point
p2)

201103002
{
unsigned char code1,code2;
int done=FALSE,draw=FALSE;
float m;
while(!done)
{
code1=encode(p1,winmin,winmax);
code2=encode(p2,winmin,winmax);
if(ACCEPT(code1,code2))
{
done=TRUE;
draw=TRUE;
}
else if(REJECT(code1,code2))
done=TRUE;
else
{
if(INSIDE(code1))
{
swappts(&p1,&p2);
swapcodes(&code1,&code2);
}
if(p2.x!=p1.x)
m=(p2.y-p1.y)/(p2.x-p1.x);
if(code1 &LEFT_EDGE)
{
p1.y+=(winmin.x-p1.x)*m;
p1.x=winmin.x;
}
else if(code1 &RIGHT_EDGE)
{
p1.y+=(winmax.x-p1.x)*m;
p1.x=winmax.x;
}
else if(code1 &BOTTOM_EDGE)
{
if(p2.x!=p1.x)
p1.x+=(winmin.y-p1.y)/m;
p1.y=winmin.y;
}
else if(code1 &TOP_EDGE)
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
{
if(p2.x!=p1.x)
p1.x+=(winmax.y-p1.y)/m;
p1.y=winmax.y;
}
}
}
if(draw)
line(p1.x,p1.y,p2.x,p2.y);
}
int main()
{
int c,gm,gr;
printf("\nEnter the window minimum coordinates");
scanf("%d%d",&winmin.x,&winmin.y);
printf("\nEnter the window max coordinates");
scanf("%d%d",&winmax.x,&winmax.y);
printf("\nEnter the starting point");
scanf("%d%d",&p1.x,&p1.y);
printf("\nenter the end point");
scanf("%d%d",&p2.x,&p2.y);
detectgraph(&gm,&gr);
initgraph(&gm,&gr,"d:\\tc\\BGI");
printf("Before Clipping");
line(p1.x,p1.y,p2.x,p2.y);
rectangle(winmin.x,winmax.y,winmax.x,winmin.y);
getch();
cleardevice();
printf("After Clipping");
rectangle(winmin.x,winmax.y,winmax.x,winmin.y);
clipline(winmin,winmax,p1,p2);
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
BEFORE CLIPPING:
AFTER CLIPPING:
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
#include<stdio.h>
typedef enum { left,right,bottom,top } edge;
#define N_EDGE 4
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
struct point
{
int x,y;
}p,wmin,wmax,p1,p2,ipt,i,pin[50],pout[50],first[50],s[50],i;
int inside(struct point p,int b,struct point wmin,struct point wmax)
{
switch(b)
{
case left:
if(p.x<wmin.x)
return (FALSE);
break;
case right:
if(p.x>wmax.x)
return (FALSE);
break;
case bottom:
if(p.y<wmin.y)
return (FALSE);
break;
case top:
if(p.y>wmax.y)
return (FALSE);
break;
}
return (TRUE);
}
int cross(struct point p1,struct point p2,int b,struct point wmin,struct point
wmax)
{
if(inside(p1,b,wmin,wmax)==inside(p2,b,wmin,wmax))
return (FALSE);
else
return (TRUE);
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
}
struct point intersect(struct point p1,struct point p2,int b,struct point wmin,struct
point wmax)
{
float m;
if(p1.x!=p2.x)
m=(p1.y-p2.y)/(p1.x-p2.x);
switch(b)
{
case left:
ipt.x=wmin.x;
ipt.y=p2.y+(wmin.x-p2.x)*m;
break;
case right:
ipt.x=wmax.x;
ipt.y=p2.y+(wmax.x-p2.x)*m;
break;
case bottom:
ipt.y=wmin.y;
if(p1.x!=p2.x)
ipt.x=p2.x+(wmin.y-p2.y)/m;
else
ipt.x=p2.x;
break;
case top:
ipt.y=wmax.y;
if(p1.x!=p2.x)
ipt.x=p2.x+(wmax.y-p2.y)/m;
else
ipt.x=p2.x;
break;
}
return(ipt);
}
void clippoint(struct point p,int b,struct point wmin,struct point wmax,struct
point *pout,int *cnt,struct point *first[],struct point *s)
{
if(!first[b])
first[b]=&p;
elseif(cross(p,s[b],b,wmin,wmax))
{
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
ipt=intersect(p,s[b],b,wmin,wmax);
if(b<top)
clippoint(ipt,b+1,wmin,wmax,pout,cnt,first,s);
else
{
pout[*cnt]=ipt;
(*cnt)++;
}
}
s[b]=p;
if(inside(p,b,wmin,wmax))
if(b<top)
clippoint(p,b+1,wmin,wmax,pout,cnt,first,s);
else
{
pout[*cnt]=p;
(*cnt)++;
}
}
void closeclip(struct point wmin,struct point wmax,struct point *pout,int
*cnt,struct point *first[],struct point *s)
{
int b;
for(b=left;b<=top;b++)
{
if(cross(s[b],*first[b],b,wmin,wmax))
{
i=intersect(s[b],*first[b],b,wmin,wmax);
if(b<top)
clippoint(i,b+1,wmin,wmax,pout,cnt,first,s);
else
{
pout[*cnt]=i;
(*cnt)++;
}
}
}
int clippolygon(struct point wmin,struct point wmax,int n,struct point
*pin,struct point *pout)
{
struct point *first[N_EDGE]={0,0,0,0},s[N_EDGE];

201103002
int i,cnt=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
clippoint(pin[i],left,wmin,wmax,pout,&cnt,first,s);
closeclip(wmin,wmax,pout,&cnt,first,s);
return(cnt);
}
int main()
{
int c,gm,gr,n,j,np;
initgraph(&gm,&gr," ");
printf("Enter the window minimum coordinates");
scanf("%d%d",&wmin.x,&wmin.y);
printf("Enter the window max coordinates");
scanf("%d%d",&wmax.x,&wmax.y);
rectangle(wmin.x,wmax.y,wmax.x,wmin.y);
printf("Enter the no of sides in polygon:\n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the coordinates(x,y)for pin ,pout:\n");
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
scanf("%d%d",&pin[j].x,&pin[j].y);
scanf("%d%d",&pout[j].x,&pout[j].y);
}
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
line(pin[j].x,pin[j].y,pout[j].x,pout[j].y);
np=clippolygon(wmin,wmax,n,pin,pout);
for(j=0;j<np;j++)
{
line(pout[j].x,pout[j].y,pout[(j+1)].x,pout[(j+1)].y);
}
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
Translation:
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,errorcode;
int l,t,r,b,tf,x,y,z,dp;
setcolor(9);
setfillstyle(CLOSE_DOT_FILL,3);
settextstyle(GOTHIC_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,3);
outtextxy(200,10,"3D TRANSFORMATION");
bar3d(l=10,t=50,r=100,b=150,dp=15,tf=1);
getch();
cleardevice();
printf("\nEnter the x and y values : ");
setcolor(14);
outtextxy(150,150,"After Transformation");
setcolor(9);
bar3d(l=x+10,t=y+50,r+x+100,b+y+150,15,1);
getch();
setcolor(9);
bar3d(l=10,t=50,r=100,b=150,dp=15,tf=1);
getch();
return 0;
}
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
OUTPUT:
Rotation:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int mx,my,mix,miy;
void axis()
{
getch();
cleardevice();
line(mix,0,mix,my);
line(0,miy,mx,miy);
}
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x,y,z,ang,x1,x2,y1,y2,o;
setfillstyle(0,getmaxcolor());
mx=getmaxx();
my=getmaxy();
mix=mx/2;
miy=my/2;
axis();
bar3d(mix+50,miy-100,mix+60,miy-90,5,1);
printf("\nEnter the rotation angle : ");
scanf("%d",&o);
x1=50*cos(o*3.14/180)-100*sin(o*3.14/180);
y1=50*cos(o*3.14/180)-100*sin(o*3.14/180);
x2=60*sin(o*3.14/180)-90*cos(o*3.14/180);
y2=60*sin(o*3.14/180)+90*cos(o*3.14/180);
axis();
printf("\nAfter rotation about z-axis");
bar3d(mix+x1,miy-y1,mix+x2,miy-y2,5,1);
axis();
printf("\nAfter rotation about y-axis");
bar3d(mix+50,miy-x1,mix+60,miy-x2,5,1);
axis();
printf("\nAftet rotation about x-axis");
bar3d(mix+x1,miy-100,mix+x2,miy-90,5,1);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
Scaling:
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,errorcode, l,t,r,b,tf,x,y,z,dp;
setcolor(9);
settextstyle(GOTHIC_FONT,HORIZ_DIR,3);
outtextxy(200,10,"3D TRANSFORMATION");
bar3d(l=10,t=50,r=100,b=150,dp=15,tf=1);
getch();
cleardevice();
printf("\n Enter the x ,y and z values : ");
scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);
cleardevice();
setcolor(14);
outtextxy(200,10,"AFTER SCALING");
setcolor(9);
bar3d(l=10,t=50,r=x+100,b=y+150,dp=z+15,tf=1);
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
class cube
{
public:
void drawcube(int x1[],int y1[])
{
int i;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(i<3)
line(x1[i],y1[i],x1[i+1],y1[i+1]);
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
line(x1[0],y1[0],x1[3],y1[3]);
}
for(i=4;i<8;i++)
{
if(i<7)
line(x1[i],y1[i],x1[i+1],y1[i+1]);
line(x1[4],y1[4],x1[7],y1[7]);
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
line(x1[i],y1[i],x1[i+4],y1[i+4]);
}
}
};
int main()
{
int
i,x1[8],y1[8],x2[8],y2[8],z1[8],x3[8],y3[8],z3[8],x4[8],y4[8],theta,op,ch;
int driver=DETECT;
int mode, sx,sy,sz,xf,yf,zf,x,y,z,size,t,tx,ty,tz;
initgraph(&driver,&mode,"");
printf("Enter the points on the cube:");
scanf(%d%d%d,&x,&y,&z);
printf("Enter the size of the edge:");
scanf(%d,&size);
x1[0]=x1[3]=x;
x1[1]=x1[2]=x+size;
x1[4]=x1[7]=x;
x1[5]=x1[6]=x+size;
y1[0]=y1[1]=y;
y1[2]=y1[3]=y+size;
y1[4]=y1[5]=y;
y1[6]=y1[7]=y+size;
z1[1]=z1[2]=z1[3]=z1[0]=z ;
z1[4]=z1[5]=z1[6]=z1[7]=z-size;
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
x2[i]=x1[i]+z1[i]/2;
y2[i]=y1[i]+z1[i]/2;
}
cube c;
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
getch();
cleardevice();
do
{
printf(MENU\n1.Translation\n2.Rotation\n3.Scaling\n4.Exit\n");
printf("Enter the choice:");
scanf(%d,&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
printf("enter the translation vector:");
scanf(%d%d%d,&tx,&ty,&tz);
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
x3[i]=x1[i]+tx;
y3[i]=y1[i]+ty;
z3[i]=z1[i]+tz;
}
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
x4[i]=x3[i]+z3[i]/2;
y4[i]=y3[i]+z3[i]/2;
}
cleardevice();
c.drawcube(x2,y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
c.drawcube(x4,y4);
getch();
cleardevice();
break;
case 2:
printf("enter the rotation angle:");
scanf(%d,&theta);
theta=(theta*3.14)/180;
printf("enter the direction");
printf("1.rotation about x-axis\n);
printf("1.rotation about y-axis\n);
printf("1.rotation about z-axis\n);
scanf(%d,&op);
if(op==1)
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
{
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
x3[i]=x1[i];
y3[i]*=cos(theta)-z1[i]*sin(theta);
z3[i]=y1[i]*sin(theta)+z1[i]*cos(theta);
}
}
else if(op==2)
{
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
y3[i]=y1[i];
x3[i]=z1[i]*cos(theta)-x1[i]*sin(theta);
x3[i]=z1[i]*sin(theta)
+x1[i]*cos(theta);
}
}
else if(op==3)
{
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
z3[i]=z1[i];
x3[i]=x1[i]*cos(theta)-y1[i]*sin(theta);
y3[i]=x1[i]*sin(theta)+y1[i]*cos(theta);
}
}
else
printf("enter correct option");
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
x4[i]=x3[i]+z3[i]/2;
y4[i]=y3[i]+z3[i]/2;
}
cleardevice();
printf("before rotation");
c.drawcube(x2,y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
printf("after rotation");
c.drawcube(x4,y4);
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
getch();
cleardevice();
break;
case 3:
printf("enter the scaling factor:");
scanf(%d%d%d,&sx,&sy,&sz);
printf("enter the reference point:");
scanf(%d%d%d,&xf,&yf,&zf);
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
x3[i]=xf+(x1[i]*sx)+xf*(1-sx);
y3[i]=yf+(y1[i]*sy)+yf*(1-sy);
z3[i]=zf+(z1[i]*sz)+zf*(1-sz);
}
for(i=0;i<8;i++)
{
x4[i]=x3[i]+z3[i]/2;
y4[i]=y3[i]+z3[i]/2;
}
cleardevice();
printf("before scaling";
c.drawcube(x2,y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
printf("after scaling";
c.drawcube(x4,y4);
getch();
cleardevice();
break;
case 4:
exit(0);
break;
}
}while(op!=4);
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

201103002
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
PROGRAM:
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <gl/glut.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void init (void)
{
GLfloat light_ambient[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };
GLfloat light_diffuse[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
GLfloat light_specular[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };
GLfloat light_position[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0 };
glLightfv (GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, light_ambient);
glLightfv (GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, light_diffuse);
glLightfv (GL_LIGHT0, GL_SPECULAR, light_specular);
glLightfv (GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, light_position);
glEnable (GL_LIGHTING);
glEnable (GL_LIGHT0);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
}
void display(void)
{
glClear (GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glPushMatrix ();
glRotatef (20.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glPushMatrix ();
glTranslatef (-0.75, 0.5, 0.0);
glRotatef (90.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glutSolidTorus (0.275, 0.85, 15, 15);
glPopMatrix ();
glPushMatrix ();
glTranslatef (-0.75, -0.5, 0.0);
glRotatef (270.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glutSolidCone (1.0, 2.0, 15, 15);
glPopMatrix ();
glPushMatrix ();
glTranslatef (0.75, 0.0, -1.0);
glutSolidSphere (1.0, 15, 15);
glPopMatrix (); glPopMatrix ();
glFlush ();
}
Kuthambakkam
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201103002
void reshape(int w, int h)

{
glViewport (0, 0, (GLsizei) w, (GLsizei) h);
glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity ();
if (w <= h)
glOrtho(-2.5, 2.5,-2.5*(GLfloat)h/(GLfloat)w,2.5*(Glfloat)h/(GLfloat)
w,-10.0,10);
else
glOrtho (-2.5*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,2.5*(GLfloat)w/(GLfloat)h,-2.5,
2.5,-10.10);
glMatrixMode (GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity ();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
glutInitWindowSize (500, 500);
glutCreateWindow (argv[0]);
init ();
glutReshapeFunc (reshape);
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Data;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class Form1 : Form
{
PictureBox picFractal=new PictureBox();
public Form1()
{
picFractal.BackColor = Color.White;
picFractal.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
picFractal.Location = new Point(0, 0);
picFractal.Name = "picFractal";
picFractal.Size = new Size(241, 223);
picFractal.Click += new EventHandler(picFractal_Click);
Controls.Add(picFractal);
Name = "tsquare";
Text="Fractal T-Square";
Size = new Size(241, 223);
WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
}
public void GenerateTSquare(Graphics g, int iIterations, double iLeft,
double iTop, double iWidth, double iHeight, Color oColor)
{
g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(oColor), (float)iLeft, (float)iTop,
(float)iWidth, (float)iHeight);
if (iIterations > 1)
{
double dNewWidth = iWidth / 2.0;
double dNewHeight = iHeight / 2.0;
GenerateTSquare(g,iIterations-1,iLeft-(dNewWidth /2.0),iTop (dNewHeight / 2.0), dNewWidth, dNewHeight, oColor);
GenerateTSquare(g, iIterations - 1, iLeft + iWidth
(dNewWidth/2.0), iTop - (dNewHeight / 2.0), dNewWidth,
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
dNewHeight,oColor);
GenerateTSquare(g, iIterations - 1, iLeft - (dNewWidth / 2.0),
iTop + iHeight - (dNewHeight / 2.0), dNewWidth,dNewHeight,
oColor);
GenerateTSquare(g, iIterations - 1, iLeft + iWidth - (dNewWidth /
2.0), iTop + iHeight - (dNewHeight / 2.0), dNewWidth,
dNewHeight, oColor);
}
}
public void DrawTSquare(int iIterations, Color oColor)
{
picFractal.Image = DrawTSquare(iIterations, oColor, picFractal.Width,
picFractal.Height);
}
public Bitmap DrawTSquare(int iIterations, Color oColor, int iWidth, int
iHeight)
{
Bitmap oImage = new Bitmap(iWidth, iHeight);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(oImage);
GenerateTSquare(g, iIterations, (double)((iWidth - 2.0) / 4.0) + 1,
((iHeight - 2.0)/4.0)+1, (double)(iWidth-2.0)/2.0,(double)(iHeight
-2.0)/2.0,oColor);
return oImage;
}
public Image GetImage()
{
return picFractal.Image;
}
private void picFractal_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DrawTSquare(5, Color.Black);
}
public static int main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
}

201103002
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Data;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
public class Form1 : Form
{
PictureBox picFractal=new PictureBox();
public Form1()
{
picFractal.BackColor = Color.Black;
picFractal.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;
picFractal.Location = new Point(0, 0);
picFractal.Name = "picFractal";
picFractal.Size = new Size(241, 223);
picFractal.Click += new EventHandler(picFractal_Click);
Controls.Add(picFractal);
Name = "Fern";
Text="Fractal Fern";
Size = new Size(241, 223);
WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
}
public void GenerateFern(Graphics g, int iIterations, double dStartX,
double
dStartY, double dScale, double[] dA, double[] dB, double[]
dC, double[] dD, int[] iRand, Color oColor)
{
Random rnd = new Random();
int iRandNum;
double dX = 0;
double dY = 0;
double dNewX = 0;
double dNewY = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < iIterations; i++)
Kuthambakkam
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201103002
{
iRandNum = rnd.Next(0, 100);
if (iRandNum < iRand[0])
{
dNewX = dA[0];
dNewY = dA[1] * dY;
}
else if (iRandNum < iRand[1])
{
dNewX = (dB[0] * dX) + (dB[1] * dY) + dB[2];
dNewY = (dB[3] * dX) + (dB[4] * dY) + dB[5];
}
else if (iRandNum < iRand[2])
{
dNewX = (dC[0] * dX) + (dC[1] * dY) + dC[2];
dNewY = (dC[3] * dX) + (dC[4] * dY) + dC[5];
}
else
{
dNewX = (dD[0] * dX) + (dD[1] * dY) + dD[2];
dNewY = (dD[3] * dX) + (dD[4] * dY) + dD[5];
}
dX = dNewX;
dY = dNewY;
g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(oColor), (float)(dStartX +
(dNewX*dScale)),(float)(dStartY-(dNewY*dScale)),1,1);
}
}
public void DrawFern(int iIterations, double fScale, Color oColor)
{
double[] dA = new double[2];
double[] dB = new double[6];
double[] dC = new double[6];
double[] dD = new double[6];
int[] iRand = new int[4];
dA[0] = 0;
dA[1] = 0.16;
dB[0] = 0.2;
dB[1] = -0.26;
dB[2] = 0;
dB[3] = 0.23;
Kuthambakkam
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Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
dB[4] = 0.22;
dB[5] = 1.6;
dC[0] = -0.15;
dC[1] = 0.28;
dC[2] = 0;
dC[3] = 0.26;
dC[4] = 0.25;
dC[5] = 0.44;
dD[0] = 0.85;
dD[1] = 0.04;
dD[2] = 0;
dD[3] = -0.04;
dD[4] = 0.85;
dD[5] = 1.6;
iRand[0] = 1;
iRand[1] = 8;
iRand[2] = 15;
iRand[3] = 85;
picFractal.Image = DrawFernImage(iIterations, fScale, oColor, dA,
dB,dC,dD, iRand, picFractal.Width, picFractal.Height);
}
public void DrawFern(int iIterations, double fScale, Color oColor,
double[] dA, double[] dB, double[] dC, double[] dD, int[] iRand)
{
picFractal.Image = DrawFernImage(iIterations, fScale, oColor, dA,
dB,dC,dD, iRand, picFractal.Width, picFractal.Height);
}
public Bitmap DrawFernImage(int iIterations, double fScale, Color
oColor, double[] dA, double[] dB, double[] dC, double[] dD, int[] iRand,
int iWidth, int iHeight)
{
Bitmap oImage = new Bitmap(iWidth,iHeight);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(oImage);
GenerateFern(g, iIterations, iWidth / 2.0, (double)iHeight, fScale,
dA, dB,dC, dD, iRand, oColor);
return oImage;
}
public Image GetImage()
{
return picFractal.Image;
}

201103002
private void picFractal_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{
DrawFern(40000, 60.0, Color.Red);
}
public static int main()
{
Application.Run(new Form1());
}
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
struct s
{
int x,y ;
};
int main()
{
int n;
int gd= DETECT ,gm;
int xmax,ymax;
xmax=getmaxx();
ymax=getmaxy();
line(0,240,639,240);
line(320,0,320,479);
struct s inp[10],out[10];
printf ("\n enter the no of vertices");
scanf ("%d",&n);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf ("%d%d",&inp[i].x,&inp[i].y);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
inp[i].x=inp[i].x+320;
}
printf("\n enter your choice for reflection along different axes");
printf("\n 1.Along X- axis");
printf("\n 2.Along Y-axis");

201103002
printf("\n 3.Along X=Y axis");

printf("\n 4.Along X= -Y axis");
printf("\n 5.Along origin");
int ch;
scanf ("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
out[i].x=inp[i].x;
out[i].y=(240-(inp[i].y))+240;
}
break;
case 2:
for( i=0;i<n;i++)
{
out[i].x= 320-(inp[i].x-320);
out[i].y= inp[i].y;
}
break;
default :
printf("\n wrong choice");
}
inp[n]= inp[0];
out[n] = out[0];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
setcolor(7);
line(inp[i].x,inp[i].y,inp[i+1].x,inp[i+1].y);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
setcolor(5);
line(out[i].x,out[i].y,out[i+1].x,out[i+1].y);
}
getch();
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%d%d",out[i].x,out[i].y);
}
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
getch();
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
setcolor(5);
line(out[i].x,out[i].y,out[i+1].x,out[i+1].y);
}
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,option,xref,yref;
int i,maxx,maxy,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,gap=50;
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
float shx=0.0,shy=0.0;
char str[5];
printf("enter the endpoints of the top of the rectangle (x1,y1)&(x2,y2):");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
printf("enter the endpoints of bottom of the rectangle (x3,y3) & (x4,y4)");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x3,&y3,&x4,&y4);
printf(" Enter the axis to shear\n");
printf(" 1 - X axis Shear\n");
printf(" 2 - Y axis shear\n");
scanf("%d",&option );
if(option==1)
{
printf("enter the value for x-axis shear( can be fraction too):");
scanf("%f",&shx);
}
else
{
printf("enter the value for y-axis shear( can be fraction too):");
scanf("%f",&shy);
}
clearviewport();
maxx= getmaxx();
maxy=getmaxy();
line(3,maxy-1,maxx-5,maxy-1);
line(5,5,5,maxy-3);
for( i= 0;i<maxx-5;i=i+gap)
// code to display co-ordinates
{
outtextxy(i+3,maxy-7,"|");
itoa(i,str,10);
outtextxy(i,maxy-10,str);
}
for( i= maxy;i>0;i=i-gap)
{
outtextxy(3,i,"-");
itoa(maxy-i,str,10);
outtextxy(9,i,str);
}
setcolor(50);//drawing rectangle using endpoints
line(x1,maxy-y1,x2,maxy-y2);
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
outtextxy(10,10,"hit any key to see the shearing effect" );
getch();
setcolor(0); // to hide the rectangle drawn
setcolor(58); // to redraw the rectangle
if(option==1)
{
// shearing about x axis so only points x1 and x2 need to be
recomputed
line(x1+shx*y1,maxy-y1,x2+shx*y2,maxy-y2);
line(x1+shx*y1,maxy-y1,x3,maxy-y3);
line(x2+shx*y2,maxy-y2,x4,maxy-y4);
}
else
{
line(x1,maxy-y1,x2,maxy-(y2+shy*x2));
line(x3,maxy-y3,x4,maxy-(y4+shy*x4));
line(x2,maxy-(y2+shy*x2),x4,maxy-(y4+shy*x4));
}
getch();
closegraph() ;
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:
Input
x1 ,y1, x2, y2 : 200 200 300 200
x3, y3, x4, y4 : 200 100 300 100
x- shear value: any value even fractional ( 0.4)
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
y- shear value: any value even fractional ( 0.5)
Original Image
RESULT:
PROGRAM:
Shearing w.r.t Y-axis
Shearing w.r.t X - axis
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float sx,sy;int w1,w2,w3,w4,x1,x2,x3,x4,y1,y2,y3,y4,v1,v2,v3,v4;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
printf("Enter the Coordinates\nx1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3\n");
scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3);
cleardevice();
w1=5;
w2=5;
w3=635;
w4=465;
rectangle(w1,w2,w3,w4);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
v1=425;
v2=75;
v3=550;
v4=250;
sx=(float)(v3-v1)/(w3-w1);
sy=(float)(v4-v2)/(w4-w2);
rectangle(v1,v2,v3,v4);
x1=v1+floor(((float)(x1-w1)*sx)+.5);
y1=v2+floor(((float)(y1-w2)*sy)+.5);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

201103002
Enter the Coordinates

x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3
100
200
300
400
500
350
RESULT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
PROGRAM:
#include<stdio.h>
int ch,x,y,az,i,w,ch1,ch2,xa,ya,ra,a[10],b[10],da,db;
float x1,y1,az1,w1,dx,dy,theta,x1s,y1s,sx,sy,a1[10],b1[10];
int main()
{
int gm,gr;
initgraph(&gm,&gd," ");
printf("Enter the upper left corner of the rectangle:\n");
printf("Enter the lower right corner of the rectangle:\n");
scanf("%d%d",&az,&w);
rectangle(x,y,az,w);
da=az-x;
db=w-y;
a[0]=x;
b[0]=y;
a[1]=x+da;
b[1]=y;
a[2]=x+da;
b[2]=y+db;
a[3]=x;b[3]=y+db;
while(1)
{
printf(MENU\n1.Translation\n2.Rotation\n3.Scaling\n4.Reflection\n
5.Shearing\n6.Exit\nEnter your choice:);
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the value of shift vector:\n");
scanf("%f%f",&dx,&dy);
x1=x+dx;
y1=y+dy;
az1=az+dx;
w1=w+dy;
rectangle(x1,y1,az1,w1);
break;
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
case 2:
printf("Enter the value of fixed point and angle of rotation:\n");
scanf("%d%d%d",&xa,&ya,&ra);
theta=(float)(ra*(3.14/180));
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
a1[i]=(xa+((a[i]-xa)*cos(theta)-(b[i]-ya)*sin(theta)));
b1[i]=(ya+((a[i]-xa)*sin(theta)+(b[i]-ya)*cos(theta)));
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(i!=3)
line(a1[i],b1[i],a1[i+1],b1[i+1]);
else
line(a1[i],b1[i],a1[0],b1[0]);
}
break;
case 3:
printf("Enter the value of scaling factor:\n");
scanf("%f%f",&sx,&sy);
x1=x*sx;
y1=y*sy;
az1=az*sx;
w1=w*sy;
break;
case 4:
printf("Enter the fixed point\n");
scanf("%d%d",&xa,&ya);
theta=(float)(90*(3.14/180));
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
a1[i]=(xa+((a[i]-xa)*cos(theta)-(-b[i]-ya)*sin(theta)));
b1[i]=(ya+((a[i]-xa)*sin(theta)+(-b[i]-ya)*cos(theta)));
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
if(i!=3)
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600
201103002
line(a1[i],b1[i],a1[i+1],b1[i+1]);
else
line(a1[i],b1[i],a1[0],b1[0]);
}
break;
case 5:
printf("1.X-axis shear\n2.Y-axis shear\nEnter your choice:\n);
scanf("%d",&ch2);
switch(ch2)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the value of shear:\n");
scanf("%f",&x1s);
x1=x+(y*x1s);
y1=y;
az1=az+(w*x1s);
w1=w;
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter the value of shear:\n");
scanf("%f",&y1s);
x1=x;
y1=y+(x*y1s);
az1=az;
w1=w+(az*y1s);
break;
}
break;
case 6:
exit(0);
}
}
getch();
return 0;
}
OUTPUT:

201103002
Enter the upper left corner of the rectangle:

20
100
Enter the lower right corner of the rectangle:
100
20
MENU
1.Translation
2.Rotation
3.Scaling
4.Reflection
5.Shearing
6.Exit
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value of shift vector:
-50
-140
Enter your choice:2

Enter the value of fixed point and angle of rotation:
-50
-50
60
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
Enter your choice:3

Enter the scaling factor:
0.5
0.5
Enter your choice:4

Enter the fixed point:
1
-30
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

201103002
Enter your choice:5

1.X-axis shear
2.Y-axis shear
Enter your choice:1
Enter the value of shear:
1.5
Enter your choice:6

RESULT:
Kuthambakkam
Chennai-600 124
Tel: 3718 1600

Ramg

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RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Enter your Choice: 2

Enter your choice : 3

Enter your choice: 6

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Enter your choice:2

Enter your choice: 3

Enter your Choice: 6

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Enter your choice: 2

Enter your choice : 6

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

#define ACCEPT(a,b) (!(a|b))

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

RAJALAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY