paata cxadaia

afxazTa da qarTvelTa (megrelTa) Tanamedrove

eTnikuri sazRvari da samurzayanos toponimiis
zogi sakiTxi

XIV-XVI saukuneebSi afxazTa (TviTwodebiT: afsuaTa) da qarTvelTa

(eTnografiul-enobrivi TvalsazrisiT _ megrelTa) eTnikur-politikuri
sazRvari kelasur-kodoris auzs emTxveoda. amas mravali avtori (qarTveli
Tu ucxoeli) adasturebs. sakmarisia, gavixsenoT zogi cnoba: evropelTa
mier Sedgenil rukebze soxums `megrelTa porti" ewodeba. XV s. cnobili
rusi mogzauri aTanase nikitini soxumis koncxs qarTul miwas uwodebs (ix.
ToTaZe, 1995, gv.30); XVIII s. meore naxevris Turqi avtoris abu beqris
cnobiT, afxazTa (e.i. afsuaTa) `Tavdapirveli sazRvrebi soWidan kelasurs
aRwevda" (ix. Wania, 1996, gv.63); p.ingoroyvas Tavis cnobil gamokvlevaSi
`giorgi merCule" moyavs aseTi cnoba: evropeli avtori lui granJie
moqvSi dawerili moxsenebiTi baraTis bolos aRniSnavs: `moqvi,
samegreloSi, 2 marti, 1615 weli"; TiTqmis 40 wlis Semdeg neapolSi
gamocemuli `kolxeTis aRweris" winaTqmaSi arqanjelo lamberti wers: `am
Cems aRweraSi kolxidis saxeliT igulisxmeba is qveyana, romelic
mdebareobs kodorsa da faziss Sua da romelsac dRes samegrelos
uwodeben". `kolxeTis aRweras" (qarTuli Targmanis saTauria `samegrelos
aRwera") erTvis avtorisave `samegrelos ruka", romelic moicavs
teritorias rionidan kodoramde. italiel misioners verc tendenciurobas
davwamebT da verc ucodinarobas: Tvrameti weliwadi davyavi kolxidaSi,
ramdenimejer Semoviare mTeli qveyana da `Cems moTxrobaSi mkiTxveli
ipovnis mxolod faqtebs, gulwrfelad da WeSmaritad aRnusxulso", _
gvarwmunebs igi wignis winaTqmaSi. aRwers ra kolxeTis mdinareebs, arq.
lamberti sagangebod azustebs: `yvelaze ukanaskneli mdinare aris
k o d o r i , romelic unda iyos (ZvelTa) k o r a q s i ... rogorc fazisi
hyofs samegrelos guriisagan, ise koraqsi hyofs mas afxazeTisagan, da
rogorc fazisis gaRma megruli icvleba qarTuliT, ise koraqsis gaRma _
icvleba afxazurad.
aqedan cxadia, rom megrelebis kodori Zveleburi koraqsia, radgan kodors
gadaRmave cxovroben afxazebi Tavisis gansakuTrebulis eniT" (arqanjelo
lamberti, 1991, gv.163).
XVII saukunis meore naxevridan (faqtiurad, levan II dadianis
gardacvalebis Semdeg) iwyeba kodor-enguris SuamdinareTis intensiuri
eTnikuri aTviseba afxazTa da maT monaTesave tomTa mier. amas mZlavri
biZgi misca afxaz feodalTa mier CrdilokavkasielTa daxmarebiT
warmoebulma sastikma dapyrobiTma omebma, ramac mkveTrad Secvala demogra-
fiuli situacia: daxocil, tyved gayidul Tu gandevnil megrelTa daca-
rielebul samosaxloebs moaSures CrdiloeTiT da Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT
mcxovrebma `mezoblebma". amas rusi avtorebic aRniSnaven. a.diaCkov-tarasovi
aRiarebs: `afxazebi yovelTvis rodi binadrobdnen iq, sadac amJamad
cxovroben. isini movidnen CrdiloeTidan da Seaviwroves qarTvelebi" (ix.
ToTaZe, 1995, gv.31). abJuaSi darCenili megrelebi srulad gaafxazdnen,
samurzayanoSi ki, Tumca TandaTan vrceldeboda afxazuri ena, ZirZveli
mosaxleoba ufro mdgradi aRmoCnda. `saerTod, samurzayanos gaafxazeba
mimdinareobda Zalian nela, xolo Semdeg (ukve XIX s.) srulebiT Sewyda"
(anCabaZe, 1960, gv.26). afsuaTa Soris gavrcelebulia gadmocema, romlis
Tanaxmadac agrbaTa, adleibaTa, inapSbaTa winaprebi yaraCidan maSin
Camosaxlebulan, rodesac gaugiaT, rom `afxazeTi mosaxleobisagan
dacarielda" (lomouri, 1990, gv.170). samurzayanos toponimiaze muSaobisas
Cvenc viwerdiT gadmocemebs ama Tu im gvaris warmomavlobis Sesaxeb. zemo
RumuriSSi mcxovrebma xandazmulma iason noCos Ze zuxbaiam gviambo (1974
wels): Cerqezebi varT da ara afxazebi. jinjixati `Sagnoxa" yaraCSi gvaqvs.
Cveni winaprebis aq gadmosvla ase momxdara: RaliZgasa da engurs Sua
qveyanas patroni ara hyolia, nar-ekliT da maRali balaxiT yofila da-
faruli, xalxi aqa-iq Tu esaxla. murzayan SaraSia da dadiani ecilebodnen
Turme erTmaneTs am adgilebs. SeTanxmebulan, falavnebi vaWidaoTo.
SaraSias erTi emxvari upovia, didi Zal-RoniT ganTqmuli. Widaoba
gamarTula gumarapitaSi, koxoris qvemoT, sadac dRes `Sose" gadis. emxvars
wauqcevia dadianis falavani, misTvis menjis Zvalic amougdia Turme.
darCenia mTeli es teritoria murzayan SaraSias. mas ki emxvarisaTvis
uboZebia reCxi, RumuriSi, CxorToli. am emxvars deda Cerqezi hyolia,
wasula da Camouyvania dedis ZmisSvilebi qHnTHzi da lawHsi. RumuriSeli
zuxbaiebi maTi STamomavlebi varT. Cvenze uwin axlomaxlo mxolod qvaCaxia
da meliava saxlebulan".
sainteresoa gadmocema, Cawerili sof. xituS muxurSi (sabWoTa
periodSi erqva sabWoTa Cai; qvemo barRebis Temi) mcxovrebi kikaliebisagan:
Zmebs _ giorgobes, Tanafiasa da cutus yaraCSi (?) mouklavT Tavadi
anCibaia da gamoqceulan: giorgobe mabirSi (dRes tyea md. qiris marcx.
mxares) damkvidrebula. misi STamomavlebi qarTvelebi arian, gvarad
kikaliebi; Tanafia kvitoulSi darCenila. misi STamomavlebi afxazebi arian,
gvarad kakaliebi; cutu ufro Sors wasula _ guriaSi. misi
STamomavlebis gvaria kikaleiSvili. am sami gvaris `Zvelebs" hqoniaT
mimosvla erTmaneTTan.
saerTod, TiTqmis yvela samurzayanoelma icis, sadaa maTi winaprebis
`samSoblo", sad dadiodnen maTi babuebi da Camadebi (babuis babuebi)
jinjixatis mosalocavad, meramdene Taobas warmoadgenen TviTon isini maTi
gvaris aq damkvidrebis Semdeg. magaliTad, ezugbaia, nayofia, qvacbaia,
yolbaia, gvagvalia, akiSbaia, xutkubia, doCia, buTbaia, abuxbaia, gerzmava,
konjaria, zvambaia, cobexia (winapari _ cveiba)... Camosulan z H f u -dan
(zufu anu bzifi istoriuli mxarea md. bzifsa da gumisTas Soris).
asaxeleben ara marto istoriul mxares, aramed konkretul dasaxlebul
punqtsac: fsxudan (fsxou, sxu) gadmoxvewilan Tarbaia, gvaramia, arSba,
qiSmaria, Tania, faCulia, xaSba, jinjolia... lixnidan ki _ miqelbaia,
qirTbaia, Saria, eSba...
al.cagareli, romelic `megrul etiudebSi" sagangebod Seexo
teritoriulad mosazRvre enebTan megrulis urTierTobis sakiTxs, wers,
rom enguridan Crdilo-dasavleTiT mamakacebma sakmaod kargad ician
afxazuric, xolo oxureisa da RaliZgis Sua ukve afxazuri enaa gabatone-
buli rogorc sazogadoebriv urTierTobaSi, ise ojaxSic (cagareli, 1880,
V-IX). samiode aTeuli wlis Semdeg i.yifSiZe aseT komentars ukeTebs
al.cagarlis cnobas: `saerTod, dResac igive viTarebaa" da Semdeg
azustebs: `samurzayanoSi1 sul cota xnis winaT megrulTan erTad
gavrcelebuli iyo afxazuri enac da amJamadac viwro zolSi mdinareebs _
oxureisa da RaliZgas Sua, s. iloris gamoklebiT, gabatonebulia afxazuri
ena, magram sxvagan igi adgils uTmobs megruls, samurzayanoelTa mSobliur
enas" (yifSiZe, 1994, gv.28-29). rogorc Cans samurza-
yanoSi, kerZod oxureis samxreTiT, afxazuri enis gavrcelebas xels uwyob-
da: afxazTa kunZulebrivi dasaxlebani, afxazeTidan gamoTxovili qalebi,
mwyemsebi (rogorc samecniero literaturidanaa cnobili, afxazebi
ZiriTadad mesaqonleobas misdevdnen. samurzayanos mTianeTis saZovrebi
ZiriTadad maTi iyo. zRvispira sazamTro saZovrebzec maT hyavdaT saqo-
neli. mcirericxovani megreli mwyemsebi Zalauneburad afxazursac iTviseb-
dnen. erTi xandazmuli samurzayanoeli mwyemsis gadmocemiT, megreli mwyem-
sebi erTmaneTsac ki afxazurad esalmebodnen. ra Tqma unda, es iSviaTad
xdeboda, magram faqtia, rom engursa da oxureis Sua, sadac amJamad ar
aris afxazTa kompaqturi dasaxlebani, moipoveba afxazuri toponimebi,
romelTac afxazi mkvlevrebi amaod Tvlian afxazTa uZvelesi gansaxlebis
sabuTad).
sayuradReboa, rom yvela mdinare, romelic erTvis Sav zRvas samur-
1
aqve SevniSnavT: rogorc al.cagarelis, ise i.yifSiZisaTvis samurzayano aris teritoria RaliZgidan enguramde.
Tedo saxokiac werda saukunis winaT: `samma Zmam ServaSiZem gaiyo afxazeTi. bzifu (kodoridan gagramde) erT
Zmas ergo, abJua (kodoridan RaliZgamde) _ meores, xolo mesames (murzayans) _ md. RaliZgidan mdinare
enguramde. aqedan daerqva am nawils samurzayano, e.i. murzayanis wilxdomili" (T.saxokia, 1950, gv.306).
amaze yuradRebas imitom vamaxvilebT, rom qse-Si (t.9) miTiTebulia: `samurzayano _ istoriuli mxare das.
saqarTveloSi, afxazeTSi... moicavda ZiriTadad axlandeli galis raionis teritorias".
zayanos teritoriaze, megrul saxelwodebas atarebs. esenia: RaliZga,
oqumi|oqumwyari, anaria, gagidawyari... aseve megrulia am mdinareTa mTa-
vari Senakadebis saxelebi: vatafi _ RaliZgis marjv. Senakadi, oxoja _
oqumwyaris marjv. Senakadi, erwyari _ oqumwyaris marcx. Senakadi, ojo-
Rore _ xumuSquris marjv. Senakadi, xumuSquri _ gagidawyaris marjv.
Senakadi, qviSona _ erwyaris marjv. Senakadi da sxv. am hidronimTa erTi
nawili dadasturebulia ucxour da qarTul istoriul wyaroebSi,
romlebic Seqmnilia me-17 saukunis meore naxevramde _ afxazTa mier
RaliZga-enguris SuamdinareTis dapyrobamde.
R a l i Z g a (afxaz. aalZga) rTuli toponimia. misi orive komponenti
megrulia: R a l H `Rele", Z g a `napiri, kide". p.ingoroyvas azriT,
`saxelwodeba am mdinarisa R a l i Z g a sityvasityviT niSnavs Rele kidisa,
mdinare sazRvrisa" (ingoroyva, 1954, gv.128). T.beraZe iziarebs am
mosazrebas im motiviT, rom RaliZga erT dros albaT marTlac
warmoadgenda politikur sazRvars cxumisa da odiSis saerisTavoebs Soris
(beraZe, 1967, gv.168). ra Tqma unda, sworia mxolod i.yifSiZis ganmarteba:
RaliZga "берег реки", e.i. mdinarispiri.
indikatori Z g a `piri" araa iSviaTi megruli enis gavrcelebis
arealSi: R a l H Z g a `Relispiri" owyaries marjv. Senakadia Cxorowyus r-
nis sof. axuTSi; R a i C a Z g a saxnavebia md. RaiCis napirebze, martvilis r-
nis sof. vedidkarSi; z a n a Z g a uTuod md. zanis napiras mdebare Wala-
saxnavebs erqva, xolo Semdeg TviT md. zanis qvemo welis saxelad iqca
(erTvis xobiswyals marcxnidan, xobis r-nSi). amgvar metonimias
hidronimizacia ewodeba. samurzayano-abJuis sasazRvro mdinaris saxel-
wodeba R a l i Z g a c amgvari procesis Sedegia. istoriuli wyaroebic
adastureben, rom R a l i Z g a Tavdapirvelad soflis saxeli (oikonimi)
iyo. 1616-1621 wlebSi Sedgenil erT saeklesio sigelSi aRniSnulia: `aris
batonis levan dadianisagan RaliZga sasaxle da zemoT rionis piri
wyaliZga biWvintisa RmrTiSoblisa Sewiruli sakaTalikozo... kidev rogo-
raTac RaliZgas, ise rionis pirs wyaliZgas kaTalikozis sasaxlebi
gamiCenia..." (qarT. Zeglebi, 1970, gv.476). arqanjelo lambertis `samegrelos
rukaze" (romelic missave `samegrelos aRweras" erTvis) md. oqumsa da
moqviswyals Sua mdinares, romelic ilorTan erTvis zRvas, organ aqvs
warwera Echalis. mis marjv. napiras eklesiis Tavze warwerilia Echalisgas, rac,
ueWvelia, saxelwodeba R a l i Z g a -s damaxinjebuli formaa. xolo rac
Seexeba metonimias _ oikonimi → hidronimi, igi msoflioSi cnobili
toponimikuri movlenaa. ase rom, miuReblad migvaCnia Tvalsazrisi: `saxeli
RaliZga (kide_Rele) imis maniSnebelia, rom swored mdinarisagan unda
mieRo am SemTxvevaSi dasaxlebul punqts saxeli" (beraZe, 1967, 138)...
arq. lambertis `samegrelos rukaze" mdinares, romelic gudavasTan
erTvis Sav zRvas, qvemo welze aweria Ochums oqumi. aqac metonimia gvaqvs.
samegreloSi q u m u (qarTuli qumel sityvis kanonzomieri Sesatyvisi)
aRniSnavs selsac, Wvavsac, fetvsac _ mcenaresa da nayofs. megruli o-
prefiqsi xom daniSnulebas gamoxatavs, igi, Cveulebriv, marcvleulis
saxelebisaganac awarmoebs daniSnulebis saxelebs, romlebic toponimebadac
iqcevian: o q o b a l e ←qobali `xorbali", o W v e ←Wve `Wvavi",
o R u m u e ←Rumu `RomisRomi", o x a j e ←xaji `cercvi" da sxv. aqac
metonimia gvaqvs: saxnavis saxeli oqumi iqca soflis saxelad, xolo es
ukanaskneli _ mdinaris saxelad, romelic samurzayanos mTebSi iwyeba da
mas Caudis (paraleluri saxelwodebaa oqumwyari).
w a r C e md. oxojis marcx. Senakadia. i.yifSiZes es hidronimi sworad
aqvs ganmartebuli rogorc `TeTri wyali": pirveli komponenti w a aris
igive `wyali" (Sdr.: waCxura `wyalciva", wakurTxia `wyalkurTxeva" da sxv.),
xolo meore nawili kompozitisa r C e aRniSnavs TeTrs. arq. lambertis
`samegrelos rukaze" igi aRniSnulia Tarsce formiT, xolo `aRweris"
teqstSi _ rogorc Tarchen tarSeni.
o x o j e `saxare" rom megruli saxelwodebaa, amas albaT arc das-
Wirdeba mtkiceba. v a t a f i |o t a f i yofs erTmaneTisagan soflebs
atiSadusa da saCaCxalias da erTvis RaliZgas. afxazi informatori ganmar-
tavs: `t a f aris Tevzi. igi am mdinaris Sua welamde adis qviriTis
dasayrelad. amitom ewodeba vatafi". rogorc Cans, qarTuli t o b i ,
megruli t o f i , rogorc wesi, afxazurSi Sesulia t a f formiT (afxa-
zurs ara aqvs xmovani o). magram Tavkiduri va←o adasturebs, rom saqme
gvaqvs megrul toponimTan otofe (an otofue, Tu amosavalia nasaxelari
zmna tofoba `toboba"), rac Tavisi enis fonologiuri SesaZleblobebis
mixedviT gadaasxvafera aq mosulma mosaxleobam. o j o R o r e `saZaRle" da
x u m u S q u r i `gamxmari vaSlis xe" agreTve megruli saxelwodebebia,
romlebic mcire adgilebis saxelebidan hidronimebad iqcnen.
aRniSnuli mdinareebisa da maTi mTavari Senakadebis mcire Senakadebsa
da mdgenlebs afxazuri saxelebi aqvT, rasac zogi mkvlevari iyenebs am
regionSi afxazTa aborigenobis utyuar sabuTad. aris ki piriqiT: did
mdinareTa saxelebi aTaswlobiT cocxloben, uZleben mosaxleobis cvlasac
ki, xolo mcire obieqtebi xSirad icvlian saxelebs. es debuleba SeiZleba
ganvavrcoT oikonimebis (dasaxlebuli punqtis saxelebis) mimarTac. galis
raionSi erTi qalaqi da 91 sofelia (ix. saqarTvelos ssr
administraciul-teritoriuli dayofa, Tb., 1987). maTgan afxazuri saxeli
hqvia erT did da 5 mcire sofels, romelTac adgilobriv ubnebs
uwodeben. es didi sofelia a C i g v a r a `cxenis sadgomi" (aCigvaris Temis
centri). xolo patara soflebia: a g v a v e r a ←agua¶Aara `Cavardnili
adgili" (oqumis TemSi), lekumxara←a-laku¶mha `xeWreli, lukumxa" (pirveli
galis Temi. sityva megrulidanaa Sesuli, magram toponimis warmoeba
afxazuria), p a t r a x u w a (saxeli me-19 s. Sua wlebSi gadmoutaniaT
oCamCiris r. sofel patraxuwadan gadmobargebulebs), a k v a r i q v a `Savi
wyali", S a S i k v a r a `SaSis Rele" da, SesaZloa, a k v a R a (pirveli akvaRa
da meore akvaRa Sedis Wuburxinjis TemSi). patrawuxa, akvariqva da
SaSikvara mdebareoben q.galis mezoblad, misgan dasavleTiT. rogorc Cans,
isini warmoiqmnen me-19 saukuneSi afxazTa e.w. kunZulebrivi dasaxlebis
adgilas. megrul garemocvaSi axalmosaxleni albaT gamegreldnen. asea Tu
ise, oci wlis winaT Cven mier am sam sofelSi Cawerili asze meti
mikrotoponimidan mxolod oris warmomavlobaa dasadgeni: abayHrCa, yojeli.
yvela danarCeni megrulia.
odiSisaTvis warTmeuli teritoriebis eTnikur aTvisebas afxazebi,
rogorc araerTgzisaa aRniSnuli, iwyeben me-18 s. damdegidan. abJuaSi qar-
Tvelebi (megrelebi) umciresobaSi aRmoCndnen da droTa ganmavlobaSi
sruliad gaafxazdnen. samurzayanos ZiriTad teritoriaze ki, romelic
dRevandel galis r-ns moicavs da sadac afxazebs mxolod kunZulebrivi
dasaxlebani hqondaT, megrelebma SeinarCunes ena da adaT-wesebi. darCa
RaliZga-oxureis SuamdinareTi da md. oxojis zemoTi _ oCamCiris r. is
nawili, romelic RaliZgis marcx. mxares mdebareobs. swored aq, ori
eTnikuri erTeulis (afxazTa da megrelTa) sazRvarze, Seiqmna saintereso
enobriv-toponimikuri situacia: mTlianad megrulia (zog sofelSi iSviaTi
gamonaklisis garda) zRvispira iloris Temisa (soflebi: ilori, nagvalou,
oxurei, zeni, suki) da oxureis marjv. mxares mdebare oxureis Temis
(soflebi: pirveli oxurei, meore oxurei, ayvaraSi, ilorgani), agreTve
agubediis Temis ramdenime soflis (agubedia, axecara, miSveli, oxoja,
pirveli kopiti, qvaloni) da rekis Temis sof. jgerianis mikrotoponimia.
mTlianad afxazuria (aqac zog sofelSi iSvaiTi gamonaklisis garda)
tyvarCelis sasoflo Temis (soflebi: atiSadu, ayvarCafani, aZxida) da
foqveSis Temis (soflebi: foqveSi, ayvaraSi, kacihabla, saCaCxalia, urTa)
mcire obieqtTa saxelebi. danarCen soflebSi, rogoricaa aZxida, ajra,
meore kopiti, narjxeu, patraxuwa (agubediis TemSi) da reka, saCino (rekis
TemSi) mikrotoponimia aris narevi: an afxazuri, an megruli, an kidev
paraleluri (megrul-qarTuli) variantebiT warmodgenili.
galis raionis dasaxlebuli teritoriis mikrotoponimiaSi ki afxa-
zuri saxelwodebebis wili aseTia: mTisZira soflebSi 20-23% (agvavera,
CxorToli) an 10-12% (zemo RumuriSi, reCxi), eriswyal-oqumis gamyof vake-
serze mdebare soflebSi _ 9% (koxora, lekumxara, zemo gali). erTi
soflis nimuSebiT davkmayofildebiT: sofel zemo RumuriSSi Cawerili
asze meti mikrotoponimidan afxazuria: abdu, aimac(Hc)ra, aiWaraasipTra,
afTaxara; aSxvera, aZmacHrxva, ajRara, buwkvara, eimakra, vas(T)ari, xafalara,
harua2.
afxazurenovani mikrotoponimia mniSvnelovnad klebulobs vakeze, md.
oxureidan samxreTis mimarTulebiT: oqumispira soflebSi maTi wili 2-3%
Tu iqneba (magaliTad, TviT sof. oqumSi fiqsirebulia: anixaguarTa,
axeforxu, muxkvara, uTHraTHf; sof. gudavaSi _ adafxara, aZafS, aZuru,
awamgvara); eriswylis marcxena mxares mdebare soflebSi ki _ TiTo-orola
(magaliTad, zemo cxirSi _ alahvara, arazatu; zemo barRebSi _ akvara,
aZix). engurispireTSi ki afxazuri toponimi arc gvxvdeba.
daskvna: afxazTa samTavros politikur-teritoriulma sazRvarma
dapyrobiTi omebis Sedegad XVII saukunis damlevs mdinare kodoridan
samxreTiT, md. enguramde gadainacvla. miuxedavad axalSeZenili
teritoriebis sruli eTnikuri aTvisebis didi mcdelobisa, sruli
gaafxazeba mxolod abJuas Seexo, samurzayanoSi ki mkvidrma mosaxleobam
SeinarCuna ena da adaT-wesebi. rogorc mTeli XIX saukunis manZilze, ise
amJamadac eTnikur-enobrivi sazRvari erovnebiT afxazebsa da erovnebiT
qarTvelebs (eTnografiul-lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT _ megrelebs) Soris
gadis md. RaliZgis marcxena napiras, md. oxureimde (zRvispira soflebis
gamoklebiT).
Tanamedrove toponimikuri situacia aseTia:
samurzayanos mdinareTa da maTi mTavari Senakadebis saxelebi mxolod
da mxolod megrulia, rac maT siZveleze miuTiTebs (am hidronimTa erTi
nawili kidevac aris dadasturebuli qarTul da ucxour istoriul
wyaroebSi). am mdinareTa mcire Senakadebis saxelebi samurzayanos mTasa da
zemoT aRniSnul eTnikur sazRvarze ZiriTadad afxazuria, radganac
mogvianebiTaa warmoqmnili. saerTod ki, am eTnikur sazRvarze oikonimTa da
mikrotoponimTa erTi naxevari afxazuria, meore naxevari _ megruli.
afxazuri leqsika Warbobs mTis mikrotoponimiaSic (es gasagebia, afxazebi
upiratesad mesaqonleobas misdevdnen). magram md. oxureis samxreTiT, e.i.
galis raionis teritoriaze, suraTi mkveTrad icvleba: afxazuria
oikonimTa mxolod 5%-mde da mTian-borcviani zonis soflebis
mikrotoponimTa 15-20% (soflebis mixedviT. am soflebSi afxazTa e.w.
kunZulebrivi dasaxlebani mdebareobda). vakeze mdebare soflebSi ki,
oxureidan samxreTiT, afxazurenovan mikrotoponimTa raodenoba
mniSvnelovnad iklebs da md. enguris marcxena mxares arc moipoveba.
samurzayanos yvela afxazurenovani toponimi da mikrotoponimi
mxolod superstrats warmoadgens, warmoqmnilia ukanaskneli 2-3 saukunis
manZilze da am regionSi afxazTa uZvelesi gansaxlebis sabuTad ver
gamodgeba.

damowmebuli literatura

1. z.anCabaZe, 1960 _ З. Анчабадзе, Из истории средневековой Абхазии, Тб., 1960.

2. T.beraZe, 1967 _ T.beraZe, odiSis politikuri geografiidan.
saqarTvelos istoriuli geografiis krebuli, III, Tb., 1967.
3. a.ToTaZe, 1995 _ a.ToTaZe, afxazeTis mosaxleoba: istoria da
Tanamedroveoba, Tb., 1995.
4. p.ingoroyva, 1954 _ p.ingoroyva, giorgi merCule, Tb., 1954.
5. arq.lamberti, 1991 _ arq.lamberti, samegrelos aRwera, Tb., 1991.
6. n.lomouri, 1990 _ Н.Ломоури, Некоторые вопросы ранней истории Абхазии. Журн.
"Мацне", серия истории, №3.
7. T.saxokia, 1950 _ T.saxokia, mogzaurobani, Tb., 1950.
8. qarT. Zeglebi, 1970 _ qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, Tb., 1970.
9. i.yifSiZe, 1994 _ i.yifSiZe, rCeuli Txzulebani, Tb., 1994.
10. al.cagareli, 1880 _ А. Цагарели, Мингрельские этюды, 1880.
11. v.Wania, 1996 _ v.Wania, qarTul-afsaruli konfliqtis saTaveebTan. Jurn.
`bedia", 2-3, Tb., 1996.

2
toponimebi Cawerilia ise, rogorc maT warmoTqvamen adgilobrivi mcxovrebni _ ZiriTadad megrelebi.
 Paata Tskhadaia

The Ethic Boundary of the Abkhazians and the Georgians (Megrelians)

and Some Problems of Samurzaqano Toponymy

Summary

At the end of the 17th century, as a result of occupational wars, the political/territorial border of the
Abkhaz Principality moved from the Kodory River southwards, to the Enguri River. Irrespective of great
endeavours to totally settle ethnically the newly-annexed territories, only Abzhua was made totally
Abkhazian, and in Samurzaqano the native population maintained its own language and traditions. Both
throughout the 19th century and nowadays the ethnic/linguistic border between the nationally Abkhazians
and the nationally Georgians (from the ethnographic-linguistic standpoint _ Megrelians) passes the left
bank of the river Ghalidzga to the river Okhurei (except seaside villages).
The conpemporary toponymic situation is as follows:
The names of Samurzaqano rivers and their main arms are only Megrelian, which indicates to their
antiquity (a part of these hydronyms have been attested in Georgian and foreign historical sources). The
names of the small arms of these rivers, in the highlands of Samurzaqano and at the above mentioned
ethnic border, are mainly Abkhazian, as they have emerged later. Generally speaking, at this ethnic border
on half of oikonyms and hydronyms is Abkhazian, and the other is Megrelian. Abkhazian vocabulary
prevails in highland microtoponymy (this is understandable, as the Abkhazian were mainly involved in
cattle-breeding). But to the south of the Okhurei River, that is on the territory of Gali District, the picture
changes abruptly: only 5% of oikonyms and 15-20% of microtoponyms of the villages of the highland
zone are Abkhazian (according to villages; the so called insular settlements of the Abkhazians were
situated in these villages). As for the villages on lowland, southward from the Okhure; the number of
Abkhazian microtoponyms considerably decreases, and they do not occur on the left bank of the Enguri
River.
All Abkhazian place-names and microtoponyms of Samurzaqano are a superstratum, they have
emerged throughout the last 2-3 centuries, and they cannot serve as an an argument for the ancient
settlement of the Abkhazian in this region.