eka dadiani

kavSirebiTis formaTa reducirebisaTvis megrulSi

dalocva-wyevlis formulebSi (megruli da qarTuli
masalis SepirispirebiTi analizi)

dalocvisa da wyevlis semantikis Semcvel winadadebebSi megrulSi,

qarTulis msgavsad, ramdenime nakvTi gamoiyeneba. esenia: III kavSirebiTi, II
kavSirebiTi, namyo ZiriTadi. iSviaTad gvxvdeba awmyo, awmyos kavSirebiTi,
myofadis kavSirebiTi, I TurmeobiTi.
erTi da imave Sinaarsis dalocva Tu wyevla sxvadasxva nakvTiT Sei-
Zleba gadmoices da yvela maTgani warmoadgens momavali drois natvriT
formas. magaliTad:
RoronTq aSenu = RmerTma aaSena (namyo ZiriTadi).
RoronTq aSenas = RmerTma aaSenos (II kavSirebiTi).
Rorons auSenebudas = RmerTs aeSenebinos (III kavSirebiTi).
aSenebedas = aSenebuliyos (III kavSirebiTi).
aSenebul Gofedas = aSenebuli yofiliyos (III kavSirebiTi).
warmodgenili formebidan CvenTvis sainteresoa III kavSirebiTis Sem-
cveli formulebi.
III kavSirebiTs megrulSi, sxva nakvTebTan SedarebiT, dalocva-wyevlis
Sinaarsis winadadebebSi meti xvedriTi wili aqvs. xsenebul nakvTs xSirad
enacvleba II kavSirebiTi, Tumca ufro gamarTlebuli da swori III
kavSirebiTis forma Cans.
Cveni moxseneba exeba kavSirebiTis zmnaTa dakargvis SemTxvevebs
aRniSnuli tipis gamoTqmebSi. amgvar formulebSi ki swored III kavSirebi-
Tis zmna uCinardeba. movitanT ramdenime nimuSs:
1. bednier Sara, skua.
bednieri gza [gqonodes], Svilo.
2. oS wanas skan naxelua.
as wels [menaxos] Seni naxelavi.
3. skan kubo skan didas.
Seni kubo [enaxos] Sens dedas.
zmnis pirian formaTa gauCinareba dalocvisa da wyevlis winadadebebSi
arc qarTulisTvisaa ucxo, rasac Semdegi magaliTebic adastureben:
1. mraval Soba-axal wels [daswrebodeT].
2. winsvla-warmateba [yofiliyos] Tqvens ojaxSi.
3. mSvidobaSi, gamarjvebaSi,
vaJebis qorwilobaSi,
qalebis gaTxovebaSi
[mogexmaroT...] (qarT.xalxuri poezia, 1983, t.X, gv.105).
aqve SeiZleba nimuSad movitanoT qarTuli zRapris tradiciuli da-
sasruli:
Wiri iqa, lxini aqa,
qato iqa, fqvili aqa [yofiliyos].
msgavsi viTarebaa qarTuli enis dialeqtebSic:
1. ia da vardi Tqvens gzasa (SioSvili, 1994, gv.205).
2. samas samocdaxuTi wminda giorgis laxvar-boZali Seni avi TvaliT
Semxedvaresa (SioSvili, 1994, gv.511).
3. ui, Seni dedao, Sen magden laparakis nebas vin gaZlevso (cocaniZe,
1978, gv.161).
 CamoTvlil magaliTebSi igulisxmeba III kavSirebiTis zmna. rogorc
cnobilia, dalocva-wyevlis formulebi warmoadgenen myari struqturis
mqone gamoTqmebs. swored amgvari struqturis winadadebebSi ena uSvebs
romelime wevris reducirebis SesaZleblobas. am SemTxvevaSi zmnis piriani
formis, kerZod, III kavSirebiTis gauCinarebiT winadadebis mTlianoba ar
irRveva da Sesabamisad, masSi gamoxatuli azric naTelia.
rogorc vnaxeT, am mxriv megruli ar ganirCeva qarTulisagan. gansxva-
vebas qmnis aRweriT formebSi zmnuri nawilis dakargvis SemTxvevebi. es
movlena megrulSi garkveuli sistemis saxiTaa Camoyalibebuli.
aRweriT formaTa pirveli komponentia mimReoba, xolo meore Semad-
genel nawils umeteswilad III kavSirebiTis zmna warmoadgens. meSveli zmna,
Cveulebriv, icvleba pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT. mag.:
1. bednieri dRaSi munaula qoGofedava (xubua, 1937, gv.132).
bednier dRes mosuli yofiliyavio.
2. muS skualefiS majine oS wanas qoGofedas.
Tavisi Svilebis Semyure as wels yofiliyos.
mimReobad SeiZleba iyos rogorc warsuldroiani, aseve momavlis
gamomxatveli forma da igi yovelTvis saxelobiT brunvaSi dgas. ricxvSi
SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi iSviaTia:
1. cxovrebas gaxarebul Gofeda.
cxovrebaSi gaxarebuli yofiliyavi.
2. Te mukaqunal bednier oSiral qoGofedas.
es tansacmeli bednieri gasacveTi yofiliyos.
megrulSi moyvanili tipis winadadebebSi xSirad mxolod mimReobaa
warmodgenili, masTan dakavSirebuli zmna ki dakargulia, Tumca saTanado
konstruqciaSi igi aucileblad igulisxmeba. mag.:
1. gaxarebul TiS guri.
gaxarebuli [yofiliyos] misi guli.
2. Cqini xorciS maWkumali arZo viSo goWyvadili (xubua, 1937, gv.343).
Cveni xorcis mWameli yvela (iqiT) gawyvetili [gvenaxos].
zmnis piriani formis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi uaryofiTi nawilaki Se-
narCunebulia da mimReobas erwymis. mag.:
1. vadoskiladir iS maxorobas miTin.
ar darCeniliyos mis saxlSi aravin.
an: darCenili ar menaxos mis saxlSi aravin.
zedmiwevniTi Targmani: ar darCenili mis saxlSi aravin.
mimReobis adgili winadadebaSi mkacrad gansazRvruli araa: SeiZleba
iyos rogorc frazis dasawyisSi, ise boloSi. SuaSi moqcevis magaliTebi
SedarebiT naklebia.
reducirebuli forma gvxvdeba ara marto martiv winadadebebSi, ara-
med rTul konstruqciaSic da umeteswilad maSin, roca igi gamoTqmis
boloSia moTavsebuli:
1. Tqva aSareT Ti sofeli qversemiaT akonwyvili (xubua, 1937, gv.356).
Tqven rom cxovrobT, is sofeli qvesknelSi Caqceuli [menaxos].
mimReoba rTuli qvewyobili winadadebis mTavar nawilSia warmodge-
nili, damokidebuli winadadeba ki SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis: qvemde-
baruli, gansazRvrebiTi, garemoebiTi...
movitanT ramdenime nimuSs:
1. Tena midgaq vaTquas, Tina uWiroT gaWirebuli.
es vinc ar Tqvas, is uWirod gaWirvebuli [menaxos].
2. muWo Ti sanTel iWun, TeS Wvili TiSi Sur do guri.
rogorc is sanTeli iwveba, ise [menaxos] damwvari misi suli da
guli.
 rogorc ganxiluli magaliTebidan Cans, III kavSirebiTis zmnaTa dakar-
gvas megrulSi intensiuri xasiaTi aqvs.
amgvar aRweriT formebSi zmnuri nawilis gauCinareba araa damaxasi-
aTebeli qarTuli saliteraturo metyvelebisaTvis, magram SeiZleba
Segvxvdes zogierT dialeqtSi. am mxriv saintereso magaliTs gvaZlevs
s.makalaTias wignSi `TuSeTi" mocemuli Weqa-quxilis Selocvis teqsti:
Tav rkina, guli magari,
Cveni yana gamaZRari,
lekis yana dampali,
Cemi weli magari,
lekis weli dampali (makalaTia, 1983,
gv.196).
msgavsi struqturis dalocva dafiqsirebulia aWarulSic:
Cemi safule fuliT gavsili,
mtris Tvali dafsili (SioSvili, 1994,
gv.217).
am ukanasknel dalocvas Sesatyvisi teqsti moeZebneba megrulSi:
Cqimi qora oWkomaliS efSa,
Cqimi jibe faraS efSa.
Cemi muceli saWmliT savse,
Cemi jibe fuliT savse.
qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi zmnuri nawilis dakargva iSviaTad xdeba
da isic mxolod Selocvis teqstebSi, romlebic myari struqturis
gamoTqmebs warmoadgenen da Sekruli konstruqcia gaaCniaT.
riT unda aixsnas dalocva-wyevlis formulebSi kavSirebiTis formaTa
reducirebis faqti?
aRniSnuli movlena miuTiTebs imaze, rom ena miiswrafvis rTuli
formis gamartivebisaken, da radgan leqsikuri mniSvneloba saxelad nawils
_ mimReobas gaaCnia, amitom SesityvebaSic is darCa, rogorc ufro
aucilebeli, meSveli zmna ki daikarga. am tipis aRweriT formebSi naxmari
modaluri zmnebis ricxvi didi araa da ganxiluli rigis winadadebebSi
aucileblad igulisxmeba.
amgvarad, megrulSi, qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, dalocva-wyevlis
Sinaarsis gamoTqmaTa struqtura ramdenadme specifikuria da am gansxvave-
bas ganapirobebs aRweriT formebSi kavSirebiTi nakvTis zmnaTa reducireba
da saTanado Sinaarsis mimReobiT gadmocema.

damowmebuli literatura

1. makalaTia, 1983 _ s.makalaTia, TuSeTi, Tb., 1983.

2. qarTuli xalxuri poezia, Tb., 1983, t.X.
3. SioSvili, 1994 _ T.SioSvili, qarTuli xalxuri Selocvebi, baT., 1994.
4. cocaniZe, 1978 _ g.cocaniZe, fSauri dialeqti, Tb., 1978.
5. xubua, 1937 _ m.xubua, megruli teqstebi, tf., 1937.

Eka Dadiani
 Towards the Reduction of the forms of Subjunctive in the Formulae of Blessing and Impecation
(the Contrastive Analysis of the Megrelian and Georgian Materials)

Summary

In Megrelian, like Georgian, in the sentenses containing the semantics of flessing and impecation
both subjunctive and other screeves have been used.
A most frequent is subjunctive III. There occur descriptive forms, the first component being a
participle, and the second one - Subjunctive III.
In such cases only participle occurs often, the verb being ommitted, though it is meant in the
appropriate construction.
In the case of ommision of a finite verbal form, a negative particle remains attached to a participle.
Reduced forms occur both in simple sentenses and in complex constructions. The said phenomena
is not peculiar to the modern Georgian literari speech. Generally, the ommission of verbal forms in the
is not alien for Georgian.
The article compares the materials procured by the Megrelian group of the Dialectology Institute
with the published Megrelian texts, also regarting the data of the Georgian literary language and dialects.