+

Europe

+Human-Environment
Interaction
Lesson 1: Chapter 12, Section 3 (pgs. 282-285)

+Lesson 1: HRQs
Identify & Example (2 sentences)
1) dike 2) polder 3) terpen 4) severe 5) foundation 6) charcoal
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)

Why is the Ijsselmeer a unique lake?

Why is Venice sinking?

Summarize (6 sentences)

How Polders Work (Merit Option)

Building on Islands & its effects (Merit Option)

How Acid Rain Works (Merit Option)

Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)

Which is more ingenious: the Dutch adaptation to living below

sea level or Venices survival above sea level?

+
From Under the Sea: Polders

Holland (or, the

Netherlands)

40% below sea level

Polder: land that is

reclaimed by diking &
draining

Dike = mini-dam

Terpen = high earthen

platforms (= refugee
from floods or high
tides)

Dutch use windmills to

power pumps that drain
the land

Transforming the Sea

Zuider Zee: arm of the

North Sea; now a manmade freshwater lake

1800s-1900s: Dutch built

dikes all around entrance

= no saltwater =
freshwater lake

Now called: Ijsselmeer

Land drained = hundreds

of square miles of land
added

Waterways for Commerce:

Venices Canals

Venice, Italy = 120

islands

150 canals snake

through islands

Transportation = 1)
boat, or 2) walk no
wheels

History Background:

People escaping
invaders found safety
on islands

Location: north
Adriatic Sea = good
port city

Building on Islands

Islands = swampy

Wooden pilings support

structures above

Oak forests in Italy & Slovenia

were leveled

Weight of buildings is so great

= Venice is gradually
sinking + rising water levels

Modern issues: severe water

pollution

Industrial waste, sewage, &

saltwater = destroy building
foundations

The Effects of Deforestation

People have been clearing
Europes forests since
ancient times

Forests = wood to burn

for fuel, building
materials

1700s & 1800s =

European
industrialization, wood
= charcoal for blast
furnaces

Eventually replaced by
coal, but Europe lost
many native forests

Acid Rain: factories

produce high amounts of
sulfur dioxide & nitrogen
oxide emissions + water
vapor and oxygen

Winds then carry

emissions to other parts
of Europe

Black Forest in Germany

Many trees discolored,

losing needles, dying

+
L2: Cleaning Up Europe
Chapter 14, Section 2 (pgs. 323-325)

L2 HW Review Questions

Identify & Example (2 sentences)

1) dilemma 2) contaminate 3) toxic 4) particulate 5) smog
Main Idea (3-5 sentences)

How has Europe tried to clean up water pollution?

How has Europe tried to clean up air pollution?

Summarize (6 sentences)

What are the causes of water pollution? (extra credit option)

What are the causes of air pollution? (extra credit option)

Critical Thinking (5-7 sentences)

What dilemma do developing nations when the face balancing

industrialization with environmental protection?

Cost-benefit analysis: do you think it is worth protecting the

environment? Explain your reasoning.

Mines & factories = water

pollution
1)

Industry discharges
chemicals into: rivers &
streams

2)

Factories bury solid waste

= poisons seep into
ground water (wells &
rivers)

3)

Burning coal = acid rain

= changes chemistry of
lakes & rivers = dead fish

Dilemma (difficult choices)

Industrialization =
environmental damage

Environmental protection =
expensive

Causes of
Water Pollution

+
2)

Sewage: pipes that carry dirty

water into bodies of water
Ideally, cities should have treatment
plants (remove harmful substances)

Ex: Poland 1990: 44% of cities = no

treatment plants

Rivers = unsafe drinking water

Contaminated soil = toxic crops

Chemical fertilizers:

3)

Seep into rivers; algae overgrows & die

= uses up oxygen = dead fish = no
oxygen = bodies of water cannot
support life

Oil spills:

4)

Dec. 1999, tanker of west coast of

France: 10,000 tons of oil, across 250
miles

Killed thousands of shorebirds

Water
Pollution
continued

+
Cleaning Up the Water

Water pollution =
international problem

Cross-border issues =
regional cooperation

Ex: 1950 International

Commission for the
Protection of the Rhine
(Fr., Ger., Lux., Neth.,
Switz.)

Ex: European Union set

up European
Environmental Agency:
collects data about
environment

Improving
Drag
picture to
Europes Air or
placeholder
Quality
click icon to add

Water pollution
can be caused
by air pollution

Rain washes
chemicals out of
dirty air and
into bodies of
water

Air pollution:
harmful gases
and
particulates
(liquid or solid)

+
Fossil fuels:

1)
a)
b)

Smog = burning: petroleum,

gas, coal
Fossil fuel gases + sunlight =
harmful chemicals

Fires:

2)
a)
b)

Forest fires
Burning garbage

Chemical use

3)
a)

Ex: dry cleaning, refrigeration,

air conditioning, pesticide use

Industry:

4)
a)
b)

Factories discharge sulfur into

air
Former Communist countries =
heavy polluters

Causes of
Air Pollution

+
Poor Air = Problems
1.

Respiratory diseases:
Asthma,

bronchitis,
emphysema
Lung cancer
2.

Harms:
Livestock

3.

& plants

Acid rain:
Kills

forests
Damages buildings

+
Cleaning Up the Air
Passing

laws:

Ex: France
improved thermal
insulation (in
buildings) =
reduces burning
fossil fuels for heat

Cooperation

European Union
2000: agreed to
reduce emissions
from cars and vans