Front Lighting

Front lighting is accomplished by lighting the subject directly from the front or, in the case of
outdoors photography, by taking the picture with the sun to your back. This form of lighting is
good for accentuating details in your photograph, but has the often-undesirable effect of
giving your subjects a flat and uninteresting look.

Side Lighting

Side lighting is a useful alternative to front lighting. Lighting your subject from an angle will
create shadows, resulting in more intriguing and artistic-looking photographs. Shadows
provide the eye with additional information, creating the illusion of depth. Varying the angle at
which the light shines will produce different results, and a little experimentation may produce
new and interesting effects.

Back Lighting

Back lighting is often used to create a silhouette effect by placing a light source behind the
subject. It is also effective when taking pictures of people who are standing in direct sunlight
or otherwise harsh light. People will often squint when facing a bright light, and this is easily
remedied by turning them away from the light. Reflected light or a fill flash will help in reducing
shadows caused by back lighting, where desired.

Diffuse Lighting

Diffuse lighting results in a softer light that can generate dramatic effects and often preserves
details that would be lost in bright sunlight or under harsh artificial lights. This type of lighting
occurs naturally during the early morning and late afternoon hours, and is prevalent on cloudy
days. You can generate your own diffuse lighting effects by placing a softbox in front of your
light source or through the use of a reflective umbrella.

Framing: A Photography Technique

Here are some tips for framing your photographs:

Creatively think of objects to use as a frame. Some examples include branches,
windows, tunnels, doorways, and archways. Anything that lets you look through one thing
at another thing will make a good frame.
Use an interesting frame for your photograph. If possible use a symbolic object for
framing your subject, something that has a meaning in relation to the subject
Consider depth of field when working with a frame as a foreground object. Since you
have a foreground object (the frame) and a background object (the subject) you can chose
your depth of field. Do you want your foreground to be in focus? If so, then use a small
aperture to keep the frame and subject in focus. Conversely, if you want only the subject
in focus, use a large aperture.
Keep the camer focusing and lighting sensors on the main subject. If possible, use a
foreground frame that is a darker object than the background. Expose for the subject in the
background and let the frame darken.
Emphasize your subject. All framing directs the viewer attention to the subject, but you
do not need to always go tightly into the frame. You can leave the subject framed but still
leave other objects around the edges of the photograph. In this photograph the frame is a
window, but you can still see the cannon around the edges of the photograph.