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WARANGAL CAMPUS
By
NARHARI SAI(128937)
NISHANT SINGH(128938)
P.VALLIAPPAN(128939)
PAGIDIMARRI GEETHA(128940)
PALAKURTHY ANUSHA(128941)
Under the Guidance of
Sri. Syed Habeeb
(Faculty)
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
WARANGAL (2012-2014)
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,WARANGAL
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the candidates Narahari sai G , Nishant Singh , P.Valliappan ,
Pagidimarri Geetha , Palakurthy Anusha who are the students of NATIONAL INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY, has completed their project Construction of Roads in NIT Warangal
in Warangal, Andhra Pradesh.
This project is the record of the authentic work carried out during the academic year
2012-2014. They have done this project by themselves as a team
Syed Habeeb
(Faculty)
School Of Management
National Institute Of Technology
Warangal, Andhra Pradesh
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DECLARATION
We declare that this written submission represents ours ideas in our own words and where
others ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited and referenced the original
sources. We also declared that we have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and
integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my
submission. we understand that any violation of the above will cause for disciplinary action by
the institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have not been properly cited
or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.
NARHARI SAI(128937)
NISHANT SINGH(128938)
P.VALLIAPPAN(128939)
PAGIDIMARRI GEETHA(128940)
PALAKURTHY ANUSHA(128941)
Date: 07-11-12
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CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION..8
OBJECTIVE
1.1 TYPES OF ROADS...10
1.2 STATUS OF MAIN HIGHWAYS.11
1.3 NATIONAL HIGHWAY DEVELOPMENT PROJECT12
1.4 ROAD CONSTRUCTION..14
1.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL.14
1.6 ROAD CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT..14
1.7FLY ASH FOR ROAD EMBANKMENT..16
1.8 MATERIAL FOR ROAD PAVEMENT18
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5. BIBLIOGRAPHY34
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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OBJECTIVE :
Complete the project in the specified time horizon and allocated cost.
Deliver value to the customers by providing excellent customer support.
Roads are an integral part of the transport system. A countrys road network should be efficient
in order to maximize economic and social benefits. They play a significant role in achieving
national development and contributing to the overall performance and social functioning of the
community. It is acknowledged that roads enhance mobility, taking people out of isolation and
therefore poverty. In China for instance, the government has popularized this belief by
emphasizing that for any economy to develop, transport must start off first which will later
stimulate other sectors to develop in an orderly fashion
The most important factors which are needed in the developing country are economics,
political and military. Each of them play great role in the respective part but they cannot perform
an excellence job without proper communication and transportation. There are three main kinds
of transportation, they are by air, land and water .There are two main transportations on land,
they are trains and cars but roads are necessary for both of them. Cars can be driven without
roads but it is difficult and very dangerous. Trains cannot travel with railroads. It is very hard to
travel in tropical country such as Myanmar in raining season without a road. There are muds
everywhere and they always cause trouble for cars and trains. Thus our government is building
roads and railroads around the country for the safety of the citizens. The basic of economic is
trading and when people trade, the transportation will be needed. The country economic will
develop when people travel to different the places and do businesses. When the politic ants
travel around the country to meet the public, they will also need a road. When the military
officers receive an order to check an area for the safety of the citizens, they will need roads to get
there as soon as possible. By that way people can stay at their houses safe and sound. So people
will love the their leader and obey the laws of our country.
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1.Types Of Roads:
1.1.
AlleyArterial roadAvenuBackroadBoulevardTerrace
StreetWinter road
Parkway
Expressway
Turnpike
2+1 road
2+2 road
Autobahn
Auto-estrada
Autopista
Autostrada
Autostrasse
Controlled-access highway
Freeway
Interstate Highway
Limited-access highway
Motorway
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58,112
1,37,119
4,70,000
26,50,000
VR)
33,15,231
NHs are less than 2% of network but carry 40% of total traffic
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National Highways
State Highways
Length KM
Percent
Length KM
Percent
Four-lane
1800
1200
Two-lane
23700
66
238800
19
One-lane
15000
30
100500
80
Total
49500
100
125500
100
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4. ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Road construction in India is about rs.150 billion. The contracting industry consist of large
scale contractors (Rs.500 million and above) about 20 large contractors accounting 40% of
construction activities, medium scale contractors (Rs.100-500 million) is involved about 20% of
construction activities and small scale contractors (Rs.5-100 million) is involved in remaining
40%.
5. CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL
Embankment
Subgrade
Pavement structure base course
Surface course
Special materials for drainage
Maintenance
labour-based
method
In
1960s
Mechanisation
introduced.
Govt. Bodies are the main buyers of the road construction equipment, market is limited
During 1980s, transformation took place. Project became much larger size external
agency funding mandatory to use appropriate equipment
Pre-qualification criteria: based on ownership of equipment for selection of contractors.
In large projects 10 % advance were given, as a result contractors began purchasing their own
equipment.
Half of Indian manufactures producing equipment in India have tie-up with foreign
partners to improve their products.
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Use of waste materials like Marble slurry dust, Slag, Fly ash, etc
-Use of waste materials to replace aggregates (DLC)
-Use of pozzolanic waste materials to replace part of cement (CC and RCC pavements)
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CHAPTER 2
PROJECT LIFE CYCLE
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2.1.2Design phase
Establishment of design basis
Design data studies
Geotechnical assessments
Durability design
Civil and structural design
Mechanical and electrical installations
Operational risk assessment
2.1.3Tender phase
Development of tender design
Management of tender procedures
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Value engineering
Preparation of contract for construction
2.1.4Construction phase
Construction management
Quality, environmental and safety management
Construction risk management
Interface coordination
Program and budget control
Site supervision
Contract and claims management
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CHAPTER 3
TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
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Arrows run from the start towards the end and represent the order in which activities happen.
Hence they can be regarded as a form of flowchart. Typical flowchart techniques lack constructs
for expressing concurrency
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CHAPTER 4
FINDINGS AND CONCLUSTIONS
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KNOWLEDGE AREA
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between teams is required to avoid any communication gap which can lead to cost overruns and
scope creep. Any team will consist of a project manager who manages and controls the overall
project. Under him the task managers/supervisors are assigned who looks after the progress of
the particular task. Contractors, architects, structural engineers and civil engineers are assigned
for each task and works closely with the task manager/supervisor.
The implementation/construction can be divided into phases depending on the bookings by
customers and the availability of materials and labor. The problem comes with the material
quality and delivery, labor issues, Safety issues, Compliance, Coordination etc. which ultimately
results in the scope creep, cost overruns and hinders customer delivery and satisfaction. Thus in
order to achieve the target, a project manager has to closely monitor the progress and avid
bottlenecks.
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CHAPTER 5
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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WEBSITES
POZAN.COM
http://www.ikb.poznan.pl/fcee/2005.06/full/fcee_2005-06_203216_logistics_of_construction.pdf (03-Nov 04:45 pm)
TANDFONLINE
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01446190110089691#.Unqcx
XAy1Vo (05-Nov 11:30 pm)
EUROPE TRANSPORT
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/projects/doc/nr2c_final_report.pdf
(06-Nov 10:30 pm)
BOOKS:
PMBOK Guide Fourth Edition
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