Gido su - Tién si TO NGOC THANH inh ngay 24-6-1934 tai Ha N@i Phé Tién si (1978), Tién si (1987) nganh Am nhac hgc tal Nhac vign Quée gia Sofla-Bulgarie, duéi sy huéng dan cia Giao su- Tién sT Stoijan Djudjev. Duge Nha nuéc phong tang Pho Gido su(1984) va Gido su (1991). ‘a suu tém, nghién ctu vé 4m nhac dan gian cdc dan tec thigu sé Viét Nam tai cac ving Tay Bac, Viét Bac, Tay Nguyén. Hign nay la Téng Thu ky Uy ban toan quéc Lién hiép cc Hi Van figc - Nghé thuat Vigt Nam, Téng Thur ky Hi Van ngh@ dan gian Viét Nam, Uy vién Ban Chap hanh Héi déng Am nhac truyén théng quéc té - UNESCO; Héi vién H6I Nghién cu Am nhac dan gian Chau A= Thai Binh Duong, Héi vién Hoi Nhge si Viet Nam. Cac céng trinh chi yéu: Am nhac dén gian Thai Tay Bac (1968), Am nhac dan gian Mung (1971), Gidi thiéu am nhac dan gian cdc dan téc Nam A ving Tay Bac (1974), Gioi thiéu 4m nhac dan gian céc dén toc Bac Tay Nguyén (1981), Phénclo Bahnar (chi bién; 1988), Giof thiéu mot s6 nhac cy din tgc thiéu 56 Viét Nam (1995), Musical instruments of Vietnam's minorities (tiéng Anh; 1997), Tu'liéu am nhac cung dinh Vigt Nam (1999). TO NGOC OREN Fa ECR EE ca) 5 Fe a) 3 hy Fst EI cas Fs road bai) Bs re i) ity coE-VN 762.231 Giao su Tién st TO NGOC THANH TU LIEU DOCUMENTS OF VIETNAM’S COURT MUSIC eae 2010059955 LEE aOR UENIACG!TU LIEU AM NHAC CUNG DINH VIET NAM DOCUMENTS OF VIETNAM'S COURT MUSIC"Professor-Doctor TO NGQC THANH DOCUMENTS OF VIETNAM'S COURT MUSIC ‘THIS BOOK IS PUBLISHRD WITH THE OF THE SUMITOMO FOUNDATION MUSIC PUBLISHER INSTITUTE OF MUSICOLOGY HANOT- 1999 Gido su - Tién si TO NGOC THANH TU LIEU AM NHAC CUNG DINH VIET NAM NHA xUAT BAN AM NHAC c HA NOL- 1990CONTENTS, FOREWORD PARTI: ARTICLES « Similarity and Diversity by Prof. Dr. 75 Ngoc Than += The relationships between the Court- Chamber music of Hué, the music of Tudng theater tradition and the music of Tai tt ~ Ci luong of the Southern by BUi Tiong Hin Some musical features of Mui bin New (Ten King's pieces) by Bi Trong Hign PART Il: MATERIALS «= Han-Nom scripts book of music scores « Transcription of Hiin-Nom script’s book «+ Long ban of Ten King’s pieces (in comparison with the Western notation) «= Ten King's pieces. Recorded 1996. Translated by Bui Trong Hin « Ten King’s pieces. Recorded 1950. Translated by Bui Trong Hien + Ten King’s pieces, Recorded 1977. Translated by Huy Tran REFERENCE 4 © Documents of Vietnam's Court Music: Page 0 104 145 213 291 301 3B au MUC LUC LOI NOI DAU PHAN I: CAC BAL VIET + Tuomg dng vi dj bigt » Moi quan h& gida nhac Cung din ~ “Thin phong Hug, nhge Tudg vi nbge Tai 16 — Cai Iuong Nam B +» Mot vai dic diém am nhac chia Mudi ban New GS. TS. TO Ngoe Thank Bui Tiong Hide Bui Tiong Hid PHAN Ik: TU LIEU AM NHAC + Séch Hain Nom ghi nhge phd « Bin phién am cudn sich Han Nom = Long bin Mudi bare Neu (d6i chiéu véi I6i ghi nhwge tren nam dong) + Mudi ban Nau. Bang thu nam 1996. Ghi am: Boi Trong Hin + Madi ba Ne. Bang thu nam 1950. Ghi am: Boi Trong Hien ‘= Mui ban Nt. Bing thu nam 1977. Ghi am: Huy Tran TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Te feu aim nhac cung dink Viet Nam ® 5 Trang 15 40 35 45 203, 213 29 301 313 at| | | LOI NOI DAU Bizn say, néic muadn nghien cite ve im nhge cung dink Viet Nam noi chang vi dm ahge cung dink inféu dai Newydn nd ridng thi rit khé khan, Cite wt lid tue tich of 6 rity 4, Khi néi v8 dim nlige cung dh, ede Hew niy elt KE ra tén got cia thé loai dim ne, tn bit nha tong big muc, ten dn nhge v8 nluing nhye eu etia ching. Khong con ba et ‘nat tu liéw dm thank nae it sre thé kp XX. C6 mot sé hin nhac phd do mor vai nha aighion cit mgd Pip ige hi én Khudng nim ding ci cho bid de nh eng net siai diéu chink. Mot vai cudin sich do nguidi nhac eng Vide Nam ghi lai bang chit Nom ve ning A Ne Launh crt lai chi cho Big ede wét nige, ma Khng cho bidt ca cia nhip tla céic hin nhac. Trong hu ind ctia nhac si Neuyén Hit Ba ct mét si bang ghi dm ghi edie bai nhac cung dink Hué, nhung rit tiéc, dé igi la ede ban inh idu ea che nhac st 1aé ni, hit king pha ci ere whae eéug wong dan nh cung dink Nam 1977, BO Van hoa Vidi Num da tip hop ede nhac cong va vi si cla cung dink Hud até ho wind didn mt 6 1 ae wong vn din nae vt mia cung din Hu, vs dd gh lai bang phim nha 3 phim ny hign nay da hong do tde ding eta RAE hu im. Tt nam 1985 tri lai day, Sd Vatn ha tink Thita Thién - Hué da té chic nhiéu nhém nhac va mia, fed pye fi uae mot 36 tii me mia va nye cung nh rca, RA ie Ung 1ek mue indy da luge cat bidn dé 1rd thanh nbuitng idl muc sin kidix how vd khong git diege nguyen ven mhiing dic mung nguyen ge Tiong cud sich La Musique Vietnamienne Traditionnelle, cong b6 nam 1962 tai Paris, Git su Tigh si Tin Vir» Khe da vidi vé dm nhac cng dink Vigt Nam dita tn he wbut 1 ca ete gu tt fick €6 vce lu Khe nut da nd dda tre, Thing 3 nim 1994, UNESCO da 16 chide mo hGi thé cia céc chuyén gia ve chi de "Bao vé vi phi hug di sin van hia phi vét thé 6 ving Hud’. Tei cute HOé thio nay, ec Gio st Nhit Bain Tokumans Tosihike va Yaunaggichi Osamu etang vik Gido sut Philippine Jase Maceda vai Gido su Tit si Tin Vare Khé da d® aud mot dB dn Kid phe vi nay day via dm rae cung ents Huué. Que Nude Ban de ta ind eho ee an gm 6 hua pin: Chien tinh nghién eta cia nkim nghién eitu do cic Gio st Nhét Ban Tokwwnare vi Tai ni dtu © 7Yamaguchi lanh dao: Té chile mor lép tayén day Nha nhac cho hai muai sinh vin igi Bai shoe Nehé thudt Hud: goat ra, nis gip a8 cia Gido su Nhdt Ban Shiraishi Masaya vi su tat mg cia Quy Sumitomo cia Nh, ching wi dain ink mor dex dtm a Gi Hué va ce ia ban touo quant ~ howe chum €6 sinh hoat eng dink thi it mhét nd ing 1a nhac cu eda tha quyn va vuang quyén. ¥ nghia linh thiéng vA tinh chit bigu ‘wong cho quyén Hinh duo eda tring dong va ehieng cbng dude git nguyen trong lich sil van ha ede t0e ngudi Viet Nam cho dn tin ngay nay. Vi dy nbu: dé efing nbn sy thin phye cia minh, KE thua tran phii nop toin b6 tréng dOng, chigng cng vi ‘rng mit da cho thd Tinh ben thing trin. Ngoai ra, tren mat cfc tréng dOng loai I con cS cite hink khde chim. © day, ta tim thay cde hinh ngudi hoa tring bing Tong chim dai dang th6i khen, eho sénh, dinh ting da tong 1é hign t€ bang 1 binb. Teng mat da, senh va Knen Eu la log hae ev ung dinh cia ec tréu dai Viet Nam suw niy. Rigng khén, mot nhac cy e6 nbibu dng tre, trong c6 gin ludi gi ding rung ty do In nbye ey cia cae 19e ew tra & phia nam song ‘Tring Giang. ie gid Lye Tuan d@i Dung Trung Quée vio thé ky VIL da viét tong sich Linh bidw tye dj (Ghi chép digu tg v8 cot Linh Nam) edu min ring: "Navdi Gio Chi iy mudi ba ct ig 6 hud ga cm veto que bite mai thé: ting ghee trong treo, hop vat Ludt ~ La’. Giao Chi lt tén nha Dudng dt cho Viet Nam. Cdn Luge = La la tén got he thdng fm thanh fim nhye eda Trung Hou thai 6 di Nhu vay, o8 thé dodin dinh ring, ce vua va thi link Vigt Nam tha 66 gi da sit dung cho vucng quyn eta minh ee nhge ey tring ding, ching cing, tng mat da, phich va hen, 2. Thili kp Bae thuge (207 true Cong nguyén ~ 939 seu Cong nguyén). = Vao nim 207 rude Cong nguyen, nude Au Lae rol vao tay mot vuong tu 3 vang Quing Chiu, Trung Quée ngay nay, vi sip nhap vao nude Nam Viet cia vua nude nay cf ho Trigu, Nude Nom Vigt ton toi dén nim 111 trade Cong nguyén thi rai vio dich ds ho cia tru dinh Hain, Khong ¢6 tu ligu gi v8 Om nhae eung dink eda vua THigu. —Tu nam 111 trude Cong nguyen an nim 40, triéu dinh Hain dé ho Vigt Nam va goi 18 dat Giao Chi, eit quan eai tri ngudi Han, Sit ghi Iai sini hoot cua vign quan cai tr nguidi Han Ia Si Nbip rings "SF high ra vdeo hua chudneg, Rn, dit 1€ ng gid seu, e0 sy aang bitag c@ dpe dutdng"®. Voi thong tn trén, ta e0 thé thay Si nhigp da e6 mot dan nibge twang te nbu dn nhac eung dinh di nha Hii, = Nam 4 ~43, Vigt Nam (lie dé ti Giao Chi) di gitmh duige de 1p audi su lan dao eba hai Nu wong i Trung Tre va Trung Nhi. ~ Tis nm 43 én nim S44 yim 50) mim, Vigt Nam lai roi vao ach dO ho ea ede tru dgi Trung Hoo, Khing e6 tur igu gi vé Am nhac cung dink thi KY nay. —Nam 544, Ly Bon va sau dé fa Trigu Quang Phye da gianh duge doe lap, dat ten nude la Van Xuiin, kéo di duge $8 nam. Khong e6 tu ligu gi vé am nhge eda ce ti oi Ly va Trigu ed ~Trong 336 nim saw d6 (603 ~ 939), Vigt Nam lai ro vito dich d& hg eb ee tru ai Trung Hoa. +3. Thali ky da tranh giinh Ade Kip va xiy dung nha nude phong kién (239 - 1008). Trong 70 nam thoi KY nay,-Vigt Nam dé trdi qua eude chién tranh gid phéng an tGe Khoi sich do hd cia tBu dinh Trung Hoa vi xdy dung nha nude phong kiéa tap quyén. (1) Lin bit teh tho0 Tes ig Vigm Arm nae Mg ta vi ao ge. ep Te. 1. (2) Viet tue, Khuyé dant, Tui am nhge dh in, 8. 22° Tie ligu im nhac cung dink Viet Nam Throng ding va di bigt © 23= Nam 939, Ned Quyén sii phing dit nude, lip nén trféu dai Ngo, kinh do tai C6 Loa. = Trong bai nd 966 = 968, dit nude chia thin mudi hai veiong quée nhé tranh aganh quyén bit chi. = Nam 968, kin ty Dinh Bo Linh da chign thing tt e& mudi mot vaong quée ahi, lap nén wéu dai nha Dinh, dat kin do 4 Hoa Lut ten nudc la Dai Co Viet. Ve thoi ky nay, chi eo mot sit igu noi ring vua Dinh ‘phong che Ue Ba eho onde phe mitten ti Phare Thi Tran dé ba day Chéo che quae Adi, Ching ti khOng €6 cin et gi dé big ing Am hae Chéo thai fy ef lién hg gi din loai kieh hit Chéo ngiy nay khong, me fu cd hai dau dude goi ki Cho. = Nam 980, do su yéu kém eta vet Dinh Toto, con Dinh BO Linh, wugng quyé chayén sang tay vj Téng tu enh quain di L? Hoan, lip nen tridu dai Tien Le. Late nity, @ Trung Quéc li trigu dpi nh’ Tong. Si ligu cho biét ring, sau khi déinh thing sy xm Iuje eda nha Téng, Lé Hoiin da td che duygt binb eho si gi nha Téng xem, Trong duyét binh o6 danh irdng dling. Ngoai ra, sit edn phé phan Ong vua dai thi ba eta nha Tien Le ring: "Gng tr st ngey chi mai an uding, gle dom nlige vis xem mua ht, ai king chia cham to vige triéu dinh"®), 4. Thai Ay mba Ly (1010 = 1225), [hi Ly da'md fu mot ky nguyen dde kip lau dai eta Viet Nam, Trong sudt 215 nan, Viet Nam tr thin mot qude gia phong kién tap quyén, Vaa Ly dv tin da chuyén kinh 4 tit Hoa Lu (Ninh Binh hign nay) ra Hit Noi va dat tén lt Thang Long, r8n nude fa Dei Vigt. Duo Pht duge truyen vio Viet Nam tir du Cong nguyén dé trd thin qué gio. Nhigu nba su dé tré thin e8 vin eao efip cho nha vou vi quan igi eno ep trong ti dink. Rat nhibu ein duge xy dung trong ei nude nam nude ‘Vaio thai Kj ny. & pI ai Viet 0 mot vuong quée bao gbm nhing ‘wong qude ni theo Ba La Mon giio, e6 ten chung lit Champa, xuit hign vio cudi thé ky I sau Cong nguyen. Tay ting thi ki, Khi mt tong nhéng vung qué nhd man Fen thi vua eta vuong guse nay tr thant vua eda ei Champa, Quin doi Champa di nhieu fin xam luge Gino Chi, Dai Vigt, thm chi tign ra t8n Thing Long (Hi NOi ngiy nay) Chinh quyén do ho Trang Hoa thii Bile thuge va vua cc tri8u dai Ly (1010+ 1225) va ‘Trin (1225 ~ 1400) cia Vigt Nam di nhieu fin 46) elie Khang chign vi dé dui xim luge dén tin dit mude cits ching. Trong nhiing fin chign thing fy, eée vun Ly —‘Trin dat (1) Tiga ofa eh nga ed Tein Viet Nye (2) Nu Si Liew: Bolg i ux dz Ng ie Tho ich vs eh hid, Nh. Kis ge x8 Ny A NG, 185, ap Le 24 bit ofe to binh Ia ho hang quy te wua Champa va ede nhge eOng, va ni eda np. Dd la . Kho ge Bay HB No, 188, ip The 24 (9) Le Tie: tr Nam ci ue: Dn theo Te Vin Kh: sich i, 2 26° © Ti lidu dm nhac ung dinh Vide Nam Tieng dng va di bet 27im ques dh § dan thom Bhi, ‘ing ei thanks ag bach phe sn ‘Trony bong glo mae long dau thi, [Nahe ting trong dong bye trang ef dal". 6. Tridu dai Ho (14001-1414) agin nghi thay thé ha Tian. Tuy ohign, trong eung inh ni Ho da co Nha hae. Theo Ngo Si Lién, nim Thign Thanh this 2 dd} HO Hain Thuong (1402), voa da "lar Nha aye. Léty etc con quan vin kien kit vi lang, ede con quan vi lm chink etn lang, tdp dig mea van ~ vo". Day la fan dau tien ten got Nha ge xudit hign & Viet Nem. Diu ding tige la khong 06 mot tu ligu nao khée nia dé hid ‘them Nba nhac thi nh H ra sao. Tay nhien, 66 thé thy Nha nhae 6 di wi mia va cée digu moa cong phan ra thanh mda vin va mia vo. Ngoai ra, néu thi suy doin tren co si ci "vai mia", 66 thé thiy: ede quan van xép theo chiGu doe va chiBu agang (kinh =v) tua nu d6i hinh khong, thé hign vi try quan. Con cie quan vo thi diém xuyét, bs sung (chinh d6n), thé hign thé gidi quan. Doi hinh *kinh ~ vi" thi tinh, doi hinh "echinh ‘dgng. C6 nbign, ety chi ki mot gi thuyét ed tinh chat suy dod. din" 7. Nha nhge voi tu céich mot dign ché thi phai dai dn thdi dai nha Le (1427 ~ 1788) smi hodn thign. Nim 1437, vua Lé Thai Tong (1434 ~ 1442) da gian cho Nguyén Trai va Larong Dang "im nhac kt, day tp nhge mia’, Nguyén Teai da tis choi va tou ring: "Flu bink [0 gée eta nhac, thanh dm li vin cata nhge. Thin ving chia soqn nhac, khéng dim ‘khong dée héi dm site. Nhung vi hoc shud néng can, s¢ ring trong khodng thant lui kh duge hai hi." via Bing bin vé Kbvinh di. Vua dé tigp nbn va sai tho lim khinh oi 40, Vi thé, obec cong dinb ahi Lé déu do vign quan hoan Luong Ding "pling theo quy eh aha Minh ma lem", Ve ede thé log, theo Luong Dang, e6:".. Nhge 16 Giao, mhge 1 Midi, nhac 1€ Nga fa, nhge eta Khi e6 nde dtc, ngayet te, nhge ai arb, mhge tat trib, mhge eta ta hi dai yéht, nhac ding irong cung...0. C6 hai dan nhge ka: (1 Le Quy Den: Kin van td fe: Phum Tegng Dig dich vs chi thch, Nab. Soe HA NO, 192, tr (@) Nap Si Lion: Dai Vid stk od ts, s8ch A a, sp 1.208. G4) Neb Si Lien seh & aa, ep I tr. 335-56, (@) Ngo Si Lien: sich us din ip Hl. M3. (6) Neo Si Lien: sich Us i, 1p Ht 38, + Dan nhac "Nage rén tm" (Duong thung chi nye) eb: 1. Tréng treo len (huyn die) 2. Khanh chim (bien khinh)- 3. Chudng chim (bign ehung). 4, Din elm 5. Dan sit 6. Khe (sinh). 7. gu. 8 Quin 9. Thuse Din nhge "Nhge dua tm (Bing ha ehi nhac) e6: 1. Phuong hudng treo (huyn phuong hudng). . Khong hitw (mt fo dan harp). . Khén (sinh). vy. . Tring quin of, 6, Quin dich (nhae cu hoiy?. Sich Vi mung ty bit cia Pharm Dinh H6 (1768 ~ 1839) cho bigt:"Khodng nam Hoing Dile (1470 - 1497) nha Léa, e4¢ quan dai than fa ede Ong Than Nhin Trung, DS Niudn, Lutong ThE Vinh. mdi ke eta im nhac Trung Hoa higp vio qude dm ta, dat ra hai bo Ding vant vd Nha nhac. Tac gi kinong eho bigt them gi v8 hai bO may. Tuy nhign, theo tie gid, dén ddi Le Thé Tong (1575 - 1600) thi hai bd Ding van, Nha nhac chi eon ding ‘tong Ié té Giao va Triéy ha Ion, Vio nhing nim 1578 ~ 1599, hai b6 nay sir dung ce hac eu: 1, Mot ting nguong thien ton. 2. Mot ken trae ma ving, * 3. Long sénh, long phich, 4, Cie dan cim 3, 4, 7, 9 15 day. 5. Ong si, (1) Tein Van Khé: La Musique Viemaninne Trdiionnlle sich & dint, 2631, (© Pham Diah Hic cng iy Dong Che Nya He Ti eh Nib. TE, THs ps HO Ohi Mink 28 © Tie ligu dm nhc cung dink Viet Nam Twong ding va di bigt © 296. Tring minh mot mt. 7, Phach xi tin, (Ci dip knie, trong cung du sit dung din Giéo phuting, gm eile nhac ey: 1. Cai trang cong. 2. True dich (si). 3. Yeu o6 (tong eam). 4, Dich quin (sto di). 5. Dei cim (dan day). 4 dao 6 phaich hoje sénh tién va dém bing dan dign o6 (tréng min moe mat). Ngoai ra, 66 ede nie eu: 1. Tre sin. 2. Dan em 7 howe 9 diy. +3. Dan tran 15 diy®. Nhu vay, sau hon mot tim nim (1437 ~ 157%), Tye nhge bj cfm, nay Ini dude dang trong cung dink, Déng thai, vai tro chinh thing cist Nha nhac bj suy yeu. Pham Dinh H6 con cho bit, thoi Lé so (thé ky XV), tritu dinh edn e6 di quiin nhac, goi la Ba Ken, bién ché vio thai Trung hung (thé ky XVI) gdm: Phong yeu o6 (mot loai trding com thit €0)- Xuy quan (ken dim kep, dng sy). ida aay quan (ty quin nh). “Tring quyén xy quai (ken t6 sau, 1 2. 4, 8. Thai nha Nguyén (1802 ~ 1945). ‘Trong nhing nim J788 ~ 1802, dt nude Vigt Nam duge dat dudi quyén eda a Tay Son. Song, Khing o6 bit eit mot tiga niko v8 mn nae cung dinh eda tru dai nay eh Dust thi Ngwyén, trong cung dinh vin e8 hai bd (goi Ia Thy) Dong van -Nha nae do vien quan "Ding vin = Nha nhae dus chduh" phy wach, Lai e& ehie quan "Giéo placing ty chdnh"©. Theo eich ding ts cia Phan Huy Cha thi d seh nay, "Gio platy" ‘khong mang § nghia Ka tye nhac, mi la tén goi eda eo quan phu trich ve am nhge cia (1) Pham Dinh Hie sich da in, 48, {@) Phom Dink Hée sich di, 7, (3) Ngo Si Liga: sich dt a, apf 39, (4) Pham Dinh Ha: sich a (6) Phan Hy Ch (1782 ~ 1810): Lid os hie cng late (1921). Nhdem phen dich Viga St hoe Viet "Nam dich, Nu. Khow hoe ah bi HB Ni 192, tp Oe 1 tri@u dink, Rét 66 thé bai Thy Dong vin vi Nba ahge la ahing bg phan thuge Ty Gio phudng, Trong khi mo td trinh ty cia cic nghi Ig, tae gid thudng ding cum ti: "Gide plating ty (hode "Hai thu Gido phuing’) bay nhae d san dign', node "hai thw Ding van = Nha lige di Doi nhac d phia déng saw rng, Can cit van ba sich Khon dink Dei Nam hoi didn su 160 va cong trinh cba Gido su Tign si Trin Van Khé, thi am nhac cung diah trigu Nguyén gbm ¢6 cic din nhge vit ohm nae sau 1, Dan Nha nhac: Mot ting mnanh (tréng mong tang, mot mat da). = Mot dan ty ha. Moe dan nguyet = Mot dan abi = Mot Ging dich (ct 66 thé la Sng sin). Mot tam Sm (p6 ba chige thanh la nh). Mot sen tien, (Ong Tin Van Khe ebo Ia 6 hai edi so ngang). 2. Dan Nhe hug. Mic diu din nhac bao gom nhigu nhge eu dude tren lén dé chai, nhung edn e6 nihiing nhac ey khong treo Ken: ~ Mot edt kign 5 (mot loai tring). = Mat baie chung (chasing In). Mot dae khiinh (Khanh 1a). ~ Mui hai bien chong (chudng nha), = Muti hai bien khvinh (khiinh dé oho). Mot bac phu (nhige ey bing da, dkinh bing tay). = Mot ea ede (nr thing gS vusing, thot day). ~ Mot cai trong. = Hai dan cm (7 diy), ~ Hai dan sit (25 diy). = Hlaj bai teu (tieu). = Mot cai ti8u (so doe), Hai Se dinh (t0 va Ge big. = Hai sinh (nen). (1) Phan Huy Che: sich da i, tp Hx 102, 1, 108,111, 116, 18, v8 (2) Khar cin Dot Na he an a (ida Hy Han va Neugén The Datei, Nab. Thug Hos, Hue, 1983, Lup Vile 13-16. 30 @ ‘Te ligu am nhac cung dink Viet Nam Tiong ding va di big ® 31~ Hai hun (so dt nung) ~ Hai tri (séo ngang). = Hai phich bin (phic. (rong sich cin Gio su Tigh si Tein Vin Khé. thay vito ch hat Ge din La hai sio ngung), 3, Dan Dui nhac: ~ Hai muoi cai tring. ~ Tim minh ca (Ken dng sty) = Bein ey ide (00 va simy tru). Bon tidu lo (thanh la hd). ~Béin sa la (thanh la Hon. Haj i loa (0 va de biéa). 4, Theme (€nhge, Séch Khim elish Dai Nam i din 9 1é whi: ‘DB nlc d dan Naan Gao: phi ding tay cd d@ nh, thi dat dan sho va BO niuge nls dw me 6, ding dd tide hia, nay di lam pluddag nhge That Hoa thant, mt bm ngude. 5.1 lug, T kl, of cae nim ohge st dung eBe nhge cw cing loaé hu nixim chasing hom kh, kin ng 6. Ba Iénh (quin ne): ham gia va nhiGu nghi IE cung din, nhung khong 19 bien che, 7. Ngoiii rt, vao nim 1827, nbiin dip sinh mbit mg vua, "dodn nlie sink dai khan rmatt mits xan, mide do hoc, mais ede dbs aring, sénh wn, dn anh, tn nguyé, dan clim, dan #9 ba, dich, sia, dan'3 day, dan 2 da ‘Trong cong trinh city minh, Gio su Tign si Trin Van Khé lai cho ring diy la. mot trong ning “in nhac cong din, Ong din ra ei bien ché din nhae sau ~Ti8u o6 (trving nh). = Dai 6 (tring tn). = Pha, = Senh tin, ~Tranh huyén (din thap lve). = Nguyét em (tin nguyét) A Ty bi = Tam huyén (dan 1) (1) Kid int. sich io, ap VIL te 11S 2) Lit we, eh bf, tp Hw 52. (8) Krish ln, gp VIL, 98. (4) Tein Van Khe sed di, 1,58 57 =Nhi huyén (dan nhi). ~Dich, sio (sto ngang). = Quin (Ken 6H Ong din tu ligu eon hoe gid nguii Phap Gaston Knosp vé mot dan nhac eta vas ‘An Nam: Mot nhae cy cung kéo. Hej ken dim kp. =Nam cai sio. = Mot sénh tién, Mgt bg tam Am la Mot doi phich ban. = Mot tring ‘Ta mor bute Anh cong be tong Tap chi ca HOI Nhitng ngudt ban ca Hub cd za nim 1919, Ong cho bigt them mot bien ehé dan nhac nda: = Mot tring bie. ~Hai sio, = Mot sénh tién, = Mot bo tam arm la, = Mot phach. = Mot dan obi Mot dan tam. Mot dan nguyét. Mot dan ty ba Vio cudi thé kj XIX, Vigt Nam roi vito deh do ho cia thye din Phip. Trigu din Hud tuy etn tn ta, nhung chi I mit eng ey bi nin eda thye din Php. Do do, NI rnhge néi ring vim ahge cung dinh tru Nguygn noi chung chi edn Keng vge riéng ta hoding cung. N6 da mit di chic nang va tie dong xa gi vin e6 eta min. ‘Tuy mhién, vai tw edich Ii nbiing tic phdm am ahge vi Ia mot bo phn cia nién ‘am nhae dan toe, mét s6 bai bin duge si’ dung trong cée sinh host 4m nhac ngodi cung dink. Muti han Neu duce hi nhép vo biéu muc e¥a loai inh am nhge thinh phong Hu. ‘Theo cic nghé nhan va cée bie tri gid Hug, ban dau logi hinh dm nha nay phé bién chi (1) Hoang Yen; La musique & Hue! Bulletin ds Amis du Vieux Hu Juill-Sopt. 1918, PL IX, ps2. 32. Ti litu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam 2 TuaNepWw Tiong ding va di bite ® 33yéu trong gidi hoang than quée thich va duge xem nhu la mot trong nhiing nhdn ech {uy t6e cba ho, Loai nhae thinh phong Hué bao gom cée bai ca va bin ahge Khong. Ibi, Tuy nhién, n6 khong c6 nhiing dan nhac kin véi dy di bién ché nhu ede din nhac cong dinh. Phin nbieu chi li nhimg hoa tu (concert) cia ba -bén nhac ey dnh dém cho ca hoa choi nhtng bin nhac khong Ii, Trong bigu muc cba 8m nhac thinh phong Hué c6 bao gdm nhieu bai khée eda nae cung dink va Mudt ban New cing voi nhitu bi dan ca, nhge 16 nia. Hon nfia, toan bd biéu myc etin Mudi ban Naw On tai trong "moi trudng" (context) cia nhac thinh phong Hlué dui hai dang la ede bai ca va cic bn nhge khong [oi Cho dén nbing nim gita thé ky) XX, nhac thinh phong Hué da dude trinh dign trong gidi tr thie, gidi agua giau, vi dOi khi cho cd nhon dan thank Hué, Trong bi cdnh x8 hoi mdi nay, nkge thinh phong Hué da thu hat vao biéu mye eta minh ngay ang nhigu them cdc bai dan ea va ban nhac din gian, va tré thanh mot biéu tuong van hoa doe dio cia o6 do Hug. Sy hoi nap cba Mudi han New va mot 6 bai bin fim nhac cung dinh vao biéu myc ciia nhac thinh phong Hué 1 mt qué trinh chuyén hhoa duge nhan dan va tri thie Hué thye hign dé béo ve va phat trién nhang gi tri vn héa din toe. Nhae cung dinh edn lan ta (prevade) vao mign Nam Vigt Nam vi trd thin fat nhan ben diy, thinh nguyén méu (prototype) cho su xodt hign va phét trién mn me ceba mot logi inh ca nbae mdi cha ving nay, dude goi la "Dan ca Tai ti". Nhin din Nam. Bo vin coi ong Nguyén Quang Dai (khong 10 nm sinh va nm mit) R ngudi eb e&ng kai sing ra loai "Don ca Tai ti" nay, Theo thi ligu di dn, ong Nguyén Quang Dui la ‘mot "quan nhge” eda triéu dinh Nguyén’®, Cui thé ky XIX, vi 6ng tham gia phong tra ending thue dan Php, nén pha chay tin vio Nam BO. Nhigu ngudi cing thai cho ring ‘Ong c6 mat 6 Nam BO vao nim 18850, Tai Nam BO, dng da tdp hop nhig ngudi tré tudi yeu dim nhac va day ho vu am nhac cung dinh Hué. Cong voi nbiing ngudi hoe td vidi ‘eda mink, dng Nguyén Quang Dai da séng tie thém niu bai bin mdi, va "Don ca Tai 1a" lan khép ede tinh Nam BO. Thue ra, trude Ong, nhae cung dinh Hué da dude bigt dén 6 Nam Bg, do ede thay dan Hué vio day, bode do mot sé ngudi Nam BO ra Hud hhoe roi ve truyen igi. Toy nhien, "nhac cd. he dy eon ngheo nan ve bai ban cing niu V8 hai didu, vi rap Khon theo nhng bai hin cia ea nhge Hué.. Tit khi dng Nguyen Quang Dai... wiv dt Nem Bo. ht nhac e6 méi wr thank phong trto rong khdp 3 cée (0) $e tay ng mn Neen Quang Do KY yu HO Kh te ght nk in phong Nise iE Nie i ® Neoea Onang Da 6 Van Thing tn tah Lang An tog 81506 ue (2) King 6 ef, hn be eck ct © Soh in 51. sink mign Dong va sau lan sang cdc tink mitn Tay Nam Bé. Phong trao nay goi la phong trio Dan ea Tai ti. Sou hon mot thé kj phat wida, ngay nay nae Tai tt: Nam Bo di tw8 than mot dng rhge manh mé mang nbing dc trung vi phong eich riéng voi mot bigu mye bao gdm pang tram bai bin Kdhae nhau, Trong big mye dé, nhing bai bin o6 ngubn woe ti age ceung dinh Hué vin duge xem la nhing bai bin eG tinh kin dién abit, Trén co s8 von tigog eda "Din ca Tai ti, ti du thé ky XX, & Nam BO da xuit hign va phat orign mot Joai tink ca kich méi goi lt ca kieh Cai luong. C6 nin, ngay nay, nhac Tai tl va ca kjch Cai luong 4 18 thin nhdng Jopi hin Am nhge of dae trung nghé thudt rigng. Nhung, nihw nhan din Nam B6 dé thi nin, ating loai hinh am nhac dé bat ngun ts Am nhac ccung dinh Hué. ‘Tir nam 1945, Ki ché 9 quan chO nha Neuyéa chim dat thi Nha nhac cing roi vio quén ling. Tuy nhién, nhing bo phan cia n6 Igi da hoa nkap vao dm nhge thinh phong Hué vi Don ca Tai ti va Cai luong Nam BG, V6n ta sin phém cia thé ehé vi di sng cong din, Khi ehé do quan chi sup d6, am nhac cung dinh mt di co s8 xa noi ma ti d6 va vi dé mii duge sinh ra vt phat trién, No 66 thé vinh vign bi quén King, hod chi cdn li mot hii Ge lich si, Nhung, n6 cling e6 thé tri qua mot qua trinh "gi céu tric® (destructuration) mi trong dé n6 khdng con Ia mot thye thé (entity) toan ven; dé rOi 79 thinh mhting mhiin 16 trong mot qua trinh hoi nip, ma trong dé nd dude "esi edu true" (restrueturation) trong mot thue thé khic. Hod nhu J kién cia Gite su Nhit Bin Yamaguchi Osamu, ".. né da trai qua m6t qua trink chuyén tba b6i cinh (transcontextualisation) "2 ‘Tir saw 1975 va nhit i ti 1995, Nha nhge vi Dai nhac cing véi ede digw min cung ‘inh duge koi phue bai eae nghé si chuyén nghigp va trinh dign cho nan dan trong nude vv 8 nude ngodi. Ngodi ra, dugc su giip d@ eta Chinh pha, fe quy va cic gilo stt Nhat Bain, am nhae cung dinh trd than noi dung chi yéu cia khoa Nha nhge trong Dai hoc Nohé thudt thuge Dei hoc Quéc gia Hug. Mae dita day cing ld mot dang "chuyén hoa boi cinh*, nung ede phim chit etng nhu hinh thie nghe thuét eia 4m nhac va mila cung dinh cong khong bi bién di nhiéu nhw trong eée trudng hop noi tren. (1) Sich din, 57 (2) Yamaguehi Osa: Transcomertutivaion und Siylisie Changes of the East Cowt Muse, The 2nd Internal Conference or Muse Ak ~Yu Yuh ~Gagalat~Nha rg. The National Center for Korean ‘Traltional Performing Ars, pp. 13] =I ‘BM © Tir lieu dim nhac cung dinh Viet Nam Twong Ping va di biet © 35I TUONG DONG VA DI BIET 1. Nh nbae wi nghi chung Boal nbge thenh mh, cao thugng eta cung din va siti quy t0e phong kign, shim phan bigt vai Tuc nhge cia ngudi dan thudng, due coi a nuit hign va di nit Chu (1122-771 trude Cong nguyen) & Trung Hoa. N6 duge tuyén sang Nhat Bin vio di Dudng eta Trung Hoa (701) va dude goi la Gagaku, O Tru Tien, voi tén goi Auk, Nha nhge nut hign dudi tru di Koryo (938 ~ 1362), va vio ning nim 11141116, Tru Tien tigp niin bo nye ey Ank fi Trung Hoa, te do & dui rey nha ‘Téng, Nha nhge Trung Hoa teuyn vo Vigt Nam fin diy tién vao nim 1402 dud thai hit Hb va chin thie we thin lige cung din vio nam 1437 dui tritu nha Le. Lae d, 2 Trung Hoa Ji itu dai nit Minh Nhu vay, bit ngud tit Trung Hoa, Nha nhge 6 nhdng tén goi khic nhaw 8 timy que gia: ‘Trung Hoa : Ya Yueh Nhjt Bin: Gagaku ‘Trigu Tin: Anak Vigt Nam: Nha nhac nhung dev mang ¥ nghia chung nhu quan nigm cia ngudi Trung Hoa thi Chu. Do 6, Nha nae duuge hid nut ron 66 dim alge cung din chin thong cin cic triéu dai phony kin eda €8 bein nude, Chite ntng chung ca Nha nkige ta foaé nhge 1é va nghi tute (ritual and ceremonial music) cia cung din. Voi quan nigm Vua la "Con Tr, nén co thé noi khdi quit rime ni dung chi yéu ca van béa cung dinh ki nhim eiing 66 va t6n vinh vai tO cia Hoan dé, Cac Ié 1dn, quan trong eta efc ti8u dinh Ia té Giao nhdim thé hign méi quan he cia ‘Vuong quytn voi Troi va Dat; té Migu thé hign vinh quang dong ho vua, cic I dat triéu, tung tru, ede euge diéu hanb, edie nghi IE dn st gid ngoal ude, vv... nh ton vin vai trd de tOn eta nha us, C6 nhin, dé phuc vw cho dai sng trong cung dinb, con e6 mgt sé Joai nhac aku ‘Yen nhc, Na nie 8 Vigt Nam, nhge gid tri nhu Togaku, Komagaku, cfc bai hit Roei, Saibara, Imayo 3 Nhat Ban, v.v... Ning lai nhae nay etng Is nhac cung dink, nhung khong duige goi 1a Nha nage (nén moi c6 tén goi riéng). Rigng 8 Tridu Tien, vio tie dai Yi (1302 = 1010), Aak (tie Nha nhge) bao gdm them bigu mye dm abge té 8 dn tho Khdng Tu (cong tigp thu tir Trung Hoa), e6 tén Tru tign ta Taesong Akpo. DE thye hign chie nang 1é nhac va nghi thite, Nha mac dude thé che hoa thanh hang quy dinh 6 tinh chudin myc. C6 thé néu lén nhiing chudn lon ahu: «Vide tinh dign Nh nhge duge giao cho hai dan nhac o6 bién ché va eo efu nhac ‘ey khde nhauz Dung thugng chi nhac va Dudng hp chi nhge 6 Trung Hoa va Vigt Nam, “Tungga va Hon'ga 8 Tria Tién, Dan nbac e6 ign ehé ahi hon choi 8 érén thiém cung ign vOi cfc nhue ey diy va nlge cy hai. Con dan nhac o0 bien ehé Hon hon, bao gdm ee rihge cu di bdn ho day, hoi, ming rung, ty than vang, vi vai trd biéu tugng thiéng liéng eda nhém chung dng va khinh dé thi choi & dug them. + Trong efe nghi Ié va 1é shite cung dinh e® mua theo mhng quy dinh nghiém ngat, Chige ta va siing trau va hai loa. ~ Cae lopi dan day duge sit dung eting vei eae loai tring, phich va thanh la ha. ~ BO khnh ehdm va chudng chim, va + Ten cic bai ea, bai nhae khé gidng nhau trong he, nghi iu mye danh riéng cho ting 2. Trai qua qua trink phat trign lich si, Nh nhac 6 Trung Quée va ede nude adi trén e6 nhimg bude thang tm khie nhau tuy theo timg thai ky lich si, Neay & Trung Hoa, tn co s8 thé ché chung, méi tru dai Iai e6 Nha nae rigng ea minh, Nha nae ‘thoi Hain duge lim moi, vi Nha nge tha} Chu da nau nw that trayén, Nha Duiing tuy ‘eG Nha nhge, nhung lai va chung Yén nhge hon. O Nhdt, Gagaku xuét hign vio thdi dai Nara (553 ~794) va mang abigu yéu t6 ngoai nhdp. Sang d&n thoi ky Heian (794 ~ 1185) nO duge dan tge hoa dé tr than nhge eung inh Nhat Ban. Sau do, Gagaku bi suy yé trong thai ky Kamakura (1185 ~ 1383) va Muromachi va Azuchi ~ Momoyama (1333 = 1615), Mai dén thai Edo (1615 - 1868) vs Meiji (1869 ~ 1912) n6 mdi lai duge Khoi ph, ‘Qui rink dan toe hoa Aak cong dién ra manh me O Thieu Tien. O Viet Nam, do thiéy tu ligu nén khong thé nin siu vio qué ki hein ning gi da ton tai trong hon mot tram nim cia tritu Neuyén, die bigt li vé im nhge. hing tw liu dé Tai cong khong cho phép so sinh tim higu ning dae tung Am nhac, vi ching khong phai lt nx eu vang. 36 © Te lidu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam Ticong ding va di biet @ 37‘Trong trudng hop Vigt Nam, hign dude coi 1a Nhs nie chi con lai mot tien khide Mui bin New duce goi theo ting t8n khde nhau: = Mui bin New, vi © Thap thi tign hots, vi hi trinn dién, gui ta chet lien mot mach ed mui ai bin, « Mrdi bin Ti, i cho ring sling bai ban nay 66 ngudn gée Trung Hos. it nhit ang 1a vi €6 mat ede hai mang tén goi ed Fién quan dén van hoa Trung Hoa nhs Aigo te {ogiy 15 thing wiéng lich Tring): Phdim ape noi vé cc bong tuyét, mot thi ma Vigt Nam Khong oo bai Tey mai noi vé how ma phia tiy nha, theo dién c6 vin hoc Trung Hioa, Con bal HO Quing thi duje eo’ fof giai dieu md phng hoi nbge ving H® Nam, Quiing Dong, Quang Tay. Co ¥ kn Ini eho ring day la mui bai nhne ngin voi ei ten Mud ia ie ea cou dn vang Hoa Nam duge tru din nha Minh sir dung, nén mdi tr than tn goi Mud fain Test. Gam dy, Ini 66 ¥ kin cho ring diy la diy fa fién Khe mudi bai ma st thin Vige Nam da trinn ign eho va na Thanh khi ho di si sang Trung Hoa vio cust thé ky XVI. Do dé Mud hin Tite la noi ngfin gon mot edi tén goi dai hon IA "Muéi ban nhac dénh cho via Taw nghe". CO 1 theo thsi quen, nhieu neudi d Hué déu eho ring Moi bin Nie fa Nha nhge, Nhu vay, Nha nhae khong con la tén goi dé chi chung eho ede logi nhac 1é va nghi thie cung dinh nia, N6 dude hiéu nh mot tén goi Khe cia Mui iin Neu. ay th mm nhac dinh cho wun, Giio su Tién si Tian Van Khé thi cho ring, hign nay Nha nbge cn in hal lois + Tiéw nba bao. gm ci bai = Muti bane Neu: = Nai di thong, Nga d6i ha, Long dang, Long gam. + Bai nhac bao gm ei bi: ~~ Tam hud cit chuyén; = Dang din din, Dang tan hep: = Bang, Mang (hose Man), Ma vis = Dt xin: = Ken cuang Nam: va nhang bai bin am nhge dm cho cic digu méa Ma wi, Phung va, Long hd, Ti lnk, Phin va. Mid ki, Tat Vata xu itn, Hoe ding Cy Tran Kich thi cho ring Tidu ahge gm Mui bai Naw va Ném bai Neu. Lien khoc ‘Nein bait Nee orm Net dt chung, Ne dG ha, Long dang, Long nga va Tid kiuic. Nh ‘ighién cuu nhge cung dinh ngwi Triéu Tien Kim Yong Bong etng chia s8 ¥ kién nay trong (4) Tein Van Khe: Tham fan ti FH oghjFin th 4 cla Hod Nhang ngai ng cia am abe din ian Co 8" Thai Bi Dag thing 339d dn been ne EH “ thom lun eda minh tei Hoi thio "Vigt Nam hoe" t6 chic tai Ha Noi tir 15 ~ 17 thang 7 nim 1998 vila quat! ‘Tren co sd nhing tw ligu vung, ehding t6i ds ed tim nhng dim chung no do v8 ci «age dim am nie gida Nha nhoe Vigt Nam vi mot s6 bai ban dim nae o6 truyén Trung Hoa mi chiing t6i 66 trong tay. Chiing t0i khong e6 tu ligu v8 Nha nhae Trang Ho, ngoit tu ligu am ohge dude trinh dign 6 dén tha Khéng TW 6 Dai Loan vio dip Hai nghj lin tn 4 Hoi Nhomg ngudt nghign edu fim nhge din glan Chiw A ~Thai Binh Duong thing 3 nam 19982), Do d6, chting tOi ehuta thé c6 két lui v8 viin d nay. Tuy vay, qua vige nghién ci tt ge dé dm nhac hoe, ching t6i thy tit cd ce bai bin Nki mhge gm cd Tidu nhac, Dai nhge, nhge méa n6i trén déu mang dam nhing de trung ém nhac Viét Nam Chang t0i nghi ring, dim chung lon hit cia dm nhge eung dinh Trung Hoa, Nhat Ban, Tritu Tien, Vier Nam la ning quan nigm, biéu tugng, cite nding, €0 eu va thé che 16 chic, tinh dign, cite nhye ev dude sit dung vi bien ché din nhc, Vom cdm chinh am nae thi dixie din te béa kh cu, Chuing ti hy vong trong tung lay Khi 0 i tu Hew hom, chang t0i e6 thé phat hign them ning digm tuong dng kha. Ching 104 cho rang ‘nhang dj bigs trong im nhye Nhi nae eda én nude ehéng ning khong lam mt tinh tuong dong, ma con lam da dng cho vin vin hoa chung eb ching ta (4) Kim Yong Bong: Late ran va bi ca Tid nhoe ua ee Bn gh trong thé A} XX. Ba idag Aad. (Trasertesion and Changes of Tit mae deal The Sears lt the 20 ear ) (@) Tu higu ei ehing 16 gh dm rong Hi eg Rint 4 cia Hoi Ning agvdnghien edu am age an ‘shn Chiu A'~Thii Binh Duong (th Coeterence of Aske Pace Society of Exhnomasclogis = APSE). 38 © Te ligu dom nhac eung dink Viet Nam Tieang ding va dj bit #39MOI QUAN HE GIUA NHAC CUNG DINH- THINH PHONG HUE, NHAC TUONG* VA NHAC TAI TU - CAI LUONG NAM BO BULTRONG MIEN Tiong phan nay, ching toi sé & esp dén mot s6 vin de thé hign moi quan hg gita nihge Cung dinh - Thin phong Hué, nhae Tung va nhge Ti ti Cai Iuong Nam BO. Cie ‘in 48 s€ duge winh bay, phan tich vi dkinh git duo goe di nghien edu eda nginh arm nhac hoe. Theo quan diém cia ching 16, khi hin dén mdi quan hé cha ba 46i tuong nghién edu trén day tie Ia di tim nhing diém tuong dong gitia ching, Cu thé, chang toi sé xem xét viin d& 6 edie khin can la bidie muc, eOf edch bai bin va ede tinh chit, mau se am nie ea ete adi nagng nghién ctu Mat khde, khi da ban dén nhang diém auong ding gida bea thé loai nhac c6 truyn ny, tt yeu s may sinh ra vin d& la thé logi nao ra ds rude? Cung dink ~Thinh phong Hué, Tubng hay Tai ti ~ Cai Luong Nam BO? Tis d6 6 thé di dén nhin dink ring the Toai nao mang tinh coi ngubm, gay dn hung dn nhiing thé lou kh Ve vin dé nay, can ei vio ede tu TiGu Hich sit, ching t6i chi c6 thé xée dinh duge trong ba thé logi nhac 6 truyén noi trén, nhac Tai ti ~ Cai Iuong Nam Bo Ia binh thinh ‘muon hon ei; edn vai ha’ thé logi nhac Cung dinh ~Thinh phing Hué va nhac Tung thi hong thé xic dinh dude thé loai nae hinh thinh trude. D6 chinh la mgt han ché cia fch sit am nhac hoe, giy khé Kian cho nhang nbgn dink va dnb gid cba ching toi, Va chang, ‘méi quan be qua lai git cae thé loi trong n@i bo mot na van héa da dién ra nhieu Fan va nhieu chigu "Day la Tung Bie. Ching (61 chua ob dit kin tim hiéy Teng Nom 1. MOI QUAN HE VE BIEU MUC BAI BAN Khi xem xét méi quan hg vé bigu mye bai bin, tie fa ching ta di tim ning bai ban trang lap v8 tén goi cia ede di tugng nghién eu. Day 1a mot hign twang phé quat trong rn Aim nhae e6 truyn Vit Nam, thé hign sy anh hung qua lai mang tinh hinh thie iia ci thé logi am nhac. ‘Trong ba thé loai nay, nhge Tai ti ~ Cai lwong Nam BO 6 danh myc bai bin Kin nét vi khoding hon 100 bai, nhac Tung c6 khodng 20 bai béin va lan diéu, edn vi nhac CCung dinh ~"Think phong Hué thi nhimg gi cén lai cia ngay hom nay ma ching toi ghi hin duge Ia Khong 39 bai. Trong dé 6 Khoing 16 bai Dai nhac duge stt dung wi tinh chit chuyen ding cho din Dai nhac Cung din 1. Bong 2.Ma vn 3. Mang 4. Pha 5. Ta luda cat chuyé 6 ang x 1. Ts ma. 8 Ken hich 9. Gung Ai 10, Beg tr cng (Mi i. 11. Bang dan don 12, Dang dan hep 1, Phd bc 14, Dus suin (ken bap) 1. Nam bin ig 16. Nam bang Nhving bai duge go fi Nh nhc bo gba 1. Liem khoe mudi bai Ngv (Thdp thi fen hoi). 2. Lit khoe nim bai Neve Ne dt tueme, New dt ha, Long dang, Long ng, Tid ie ‘Mot didu dang cha ¥ la cée bai Nha nhge neu trén duge sit dung phé bién trong ca rhage Think phonig Hué, nén n6 cing duge xem nhu 1a mot bo phan bai bin cia nhac (1) Bai Tas ma nity Khe wih Tu nd rong Ligm kde Thap dh Hen hod (2) Bai Pil tw nay Rie vi hal Ph fue rong. bye Thin phOng Hu 40° Te ligu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam | i ‘Mai quan hi gitea nhac Cung dink = Think phing Hué, .. © 4‘Think phong Hud, Day la mot trong ning nguyen nan khién ching t0i sit dung that git ghép: nhac Cung dh = Think phang Hud, ‘Trén co sd dan muc efe bai bin cba nhac Cung dinh - Thinh phong Hué, ching to} da déi chido, so sinh ching voi danh mye bai ban eda nhge Tudng va mhge Tai it~ ‘Cai luong Nam BO, xée dinh nhung bai ban gidng nhau ve ten goi trong ba thé loai nhac ny. C6 thé phén chia thinh ba loai nf sau: a) Nhitng én bai 66 ca wrong ba thé lagi nhac, ban gb Nam Xuén, Narn Ai via Ts ‘ma. Riéng bai Nam Ai trong nbae Tung con goi la Nam thang. Ngoai ra, eang edn phi rnéi ring, trong nhge Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hué, Nam Xuan va Nam Ai la hai bai tude he thing nbae Think phong Hue, khong nim trong he théng nae Cung dinh, by Ning thai chi 6 J nhge Cuuig eink ~ Think pling Hue’ va: nhc Tai ut ~ Cir wang Narn BG, bao gira Th thi ign han, Lane shite, Phi tue, CB ban, Xan x8, Long ngdon, Ngit dé luton, Nei ddi ha, Long dang. Tia Kite, Tit dai cant va Hank vin. Ride bai Late say trong nae Tai tt Ci uang Nam BG edn wo’ kk Late uly dodie dé phan bigt vi bai Lar iy ang ©) Mung tn bai ch c6 6 nlige Tudng va nhge Tai ul ~ Cai Mang Nam Bd, bao gin Xubn nit va He. Boi Ho trong nhae Tubng eon goi la X@y Ha va trong nhac Tai tt ~ Cai Iuang Nam BG con goi fi Net dat Hg ‘Nhu thé, ding vé mat biéu muc bai bain, nhae Tai tt ~ Cai Iuong Nam B@ 6 vé chi nh hudng In cia nhac Cung dinh - Thinh phong Hué va mot phin cba nhge Twong. O dy, ching t0i Khong thé xc dinh duge nhing ten bai Nam Xudn, Nam Ai va Tee ma trong nhac Tai ti = Cai luong Nam BO la mugn cia nhac Twong hay nhac Cung dinh ~ ‘Thinh phong Hué? Vi thé, ching toi chi e6 thE noi nhtng ten bai d6 eh ehdn e6 6 trong nhgc Tung vi nhac Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hue true, sau d6 n6 due du nhép va0 bigu muc bai bineia ohge Tai tt ~ Cai long Nam Bo. 5 “Tuy nhién, cng cBn phai noi ngay rng danh muc bai han néu trén cia nhge Tai 1 ~Cai huang Nam BO chi fi mot phan nbd so vi tGng danh muc hon 100 bai ela thé Joai am nhige nay. Digu d6 thé hign phn nao tinh phat trign Ién lao cia nhge Tai tt = ii luong Nam Bo. [Ngodi ra, trong qué trinh nghién edu biéu muc bai iin, di theo mot gid thuyét kha phé bign lit mhigc Tait? ~ Ca hudng Nam B6 la con dé ctta nhac Cung dink ~ Thésh phong -Hué, ching t0i da phét hien ra duge mot hign tung kha mau thudn voi gid thuyét d6, xin dduge trinh bay hut sau: (1) Mot bain fn trong mse TA WY ~Cii long Nam Ba, 1s pit én ei bak Late diy dan, Cains Tove pin fich wh 8 pain Ss ‘Trong danh mye bai bin cla nhac Tai tl ~Cil tung Nam Bo, ede bai ban Tan duge chia thanh niu hé théng ehinh nhu: Bu Nam, Sdu Bc, Bay Nhgc, Boh Odin, Bat Nev. ‘Theo mot s6 nghé nhin Nam Bo thi céc hé théng bai bin d6 eu bat ngun tir Hud. Tuy rhign, Khi ching toi tién hinh digu tra, phdng vén cée nghé ahan Hué, cing nt khi di chiéu, so sénh ede he théng bai ban cia hai dé twomg nghien cit thi két qua lai khé trai gue =M6t la, néu nl he thdiag Ba Nam trong nye Tai tt ~Cai Iuong Nam Bo bao gdm ba ban: Nam Xuan, Nam Ai, Nam Bao, thi hé thdwg Ba Nam trong nhac Thinh phong Hué igi bao gm ba ban: Nam Xuan, Nam Ai, Nam Binh. ~ Hai la, nu shut trong nae Tai tt ~ Ci wong Nam BO 06 he thdng Sau Bc bao om su bins Lata tly, Pld luc, Bin ban, C8 ban, Xuan dink, Tay Thi, thi srong nhac Cang dinh ~Thinh phong Hué khong o6 Khai nigm hé shdng Stu Bac, ma chi e6 ba bin Lat thay, Phté luc vin O6 bein. ~ Ba fa, néw su trong nhge Tai tt ~ Cai long Nam Bo 06 he thdng Bay Nhac, bao gdm biy ban: Net dai chong, Negi dé ha, Long dang, Long ngéim, Van sii, Tid Kduic, ang xé, thi trong nhge Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hué khong 06 khi niém hé thing Bay ringc, mis eb e6 su bain ma thoi (tit bai Van gi). = BO la, trong ntige Tait ~ Cai Iucing Nam BO edn €6 cde he thdng bai bam ah ig théing Bain Odn, he thdng Bat Ng... sung trong, nbac Cung dinh ~Thinb pong Hu khong HE e6 ef Khai niém nay, cong nh khong Hi e6 mgt bai ban nao tring ten voi cde bai ban trong cfc he théng do. ‘Voi bien thye néu trén, ching toi xin dua ra hai gid thigt: = Git thidt dt nhc: Néu qua thye ee he didng. bai ban cia nhac Tai tit ~ Cai Iuong Nam Bo ¢6 nguda ade tt Hue thi hign nay kho tang am nhge Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hué a bj thit troyén rat nhigu. Nniing gi con Iai chi [A mot vai ménh vun elia qui Khit. = Gia titi tt huis Kho tang fm ninge Cung din ~Thinh phong Hué chi eb mot s6 bai bin mbar hign nay va ti d6 ede nghé mbiin nbae Tai ti ~ Cai luong Nam Bo da nhin len vt x Iugng va he dhdng der ee bt bin eda minh. ‘Tren day, chung t0i da trinh bay moi quan he v8 biéu mue bai bin gida ahge Cung inh ~Thinh phong Hué, nhge Tubing vi nhge Tai tl ~ Cai Iuong Nam BQ. Can pha ndi 18 rng dé duc chat chi la su dn hutdng qua Tai v® tén got cra ba bn. 42% Tir ligu dm nhac eung dinh Viet Nam ‘Mi quan hé gika nhac Cung dink = Think phong Hué, .. © 43‘Theo quan digm eta ching t6j, Khi xem xét sy dh hudng qua lai cia cfc thé loa ‘4m nhac, digu quan trong hon ed (néu khong noi la cSt yéu) fd cin ph xem xét méi quan hg v8 noi dung, e6t cdich bai bin va tinh chit am nhac eta cfc thé loai am nhge d6. Vi vviy, cin eit vio bigu mye bai ban tring tén cba ede di twang nghién eit, ching toi tién anh phan tich, kiém tra cde bi ban tring t€n d6 trén oo s8 "long bai ca chung, ti d6 tién hank nghién cau vd dinh gid méi quan he vé "ho? gita nhge Cung dink ~'Thinh phong Hug, nhge Tung vii nae Tai tit ~ Cai luong Nam Ba. I. MOI QUAN HE VE LONG BAN VA HOI ‘Trong min im nhge dan te e@ truyén Vigt Num, voi ting rn eo ban fa am al din gian, ede tie phim bao gi cing tin tai dudi dang nhig dj ban, tie fa: edmg mgt te phim, céc nghé nahin tinh dign mi Tin mgt khie, khong c6 su lap lai y nguyen. Vane thé, su hign dign cia cic ti phim 6 gif tri sinh dmg nh nhang bie anh trong mot hodnh khde et mot con ngudi ‘Tuy nien, dj bin khong 6 nghia 18 mudin lam gi cong duos, vi tren thuc té, cde di ban déu biéu hign nhiing "cai chung”, nh thé ma ning "ci riéng" cha bai bin duge xic inh, N6i each khic, sy ngdu hing Ging tic eda cic nghé nhin déu phai tuan thd theo hing nguyen te chung efia truyén théng trong timg thé loai va bai bin khac nhau. Voi cfc di tugng nghién evs ma ching t6i dang d ep, cée nguyen te chung cba ‘ruyn thing duge bigu hen bing hai yéu 16 co bin 1a “ong bain" va “ho, A. MOI QUAN HE VE LONG BAN. Lang ban k 0 88 fong bain, nguii ta e€ thé wo ra nhiing dae trang chung cia mo hin, 1 m6 hinh giai diBu, co 58 cia efe dj ban tée phim o6 truyén, Tren ian khdc nan nhung vin dim bao mbng ‘Trong ede thé logi am nbge din toe e6 trayén Vigt Nom néi chung, long bin thudmg chi duge ¥ thi va luu truyén trong tri nhd eda efc nghe nbn, Rigng d6i vai thé loui nhac ‘Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hué, nhac Tung va nhac Tai tt ~ Ci luong Nam BS, thi long, ban etia cée bai bin déu duge lun git bing phuong thie vin bin hda véi cée ky ty cba nhc than li: Ha (4), Xu (187), Xang (4), Xe (R), Cong (Xun Néu phuong thie van ban héa nhac thanh kiéu chéu Au v6iI6i ghi nhac trén nm dong ké, xe dinh 13 ring trw@ng 46 cia timg nhge thanh (BO, Re, Mi..) bing mot he ‘thong ky higu ti mi va chinh xac, thi trong phuong thie van ban hoa nhge thanh bling Ho, Xu, Xang... tinh ude If gi duge dé cao. O day khong 6 quy dinh truding d> cho riéng timg nhac thanh, Khai niém tridng do 0 day chi biéu hien bling su quy dinh nhiing diém nh 6 chu ky Khung thoi gian ea nip, no twang dung wi kha nigm phe man (phich iu 6 nhjp) eda nhge Wy chau Av. Nw thé, long ban loan toan khong c6 ¥ nghia kigu nhu mot bin ghi nhge chau Au voi sy hodn chinh cia moi chi tiét bigu dat am nhac. 6 ay, moi chi tiét mang tinh biéu hign ton phn vé khong gion, thdigian vit sé the cea m nhac chi thye sy hign dién khi ngudi nghé nhan trinh din tée phim, Co thé n néu vi te pham nae 66 truyén nut mot thy thé sng déng, thi long ban chink fa xung c6t eta thy thé do. Nhu da trinh bay 6 phiin trude, trong ba thé loai nhec Cung dinh ~ Thin phong Hoé, nhac Tung va nie Tai tt ~ Cai Iuong Nam Bd, o6 mot s6 bai ban trang ten, DE xée dinh mite do cia méi quan hé d6, bude tigp theo, ching ti da tién hanh Kho sét, so sinh long ban cia nhung bai bin tring ten. Két qua thu duge kh bat ngd. Ngoai lien hie Thap tui lién hin, bai Lata thuty, Co ban, Tit dat cant va Hin vam 1c mdi én quan vé long ban, con tét cd cée bai ban tring tén con Iai déu c6 long bein khiéc nhau hon toan, Dieu d6 ching minh ring trong hign tuong tring tén bai ban eda céc thé logi niiae Cung dinh ~ Thinh phong Hué, nhgc Tung vi nhac Tai tl ~ Cai huong Nam BQ chi 66 mot phitn no bigu hign sy du nbiip thye su bai bain etia nav, eda lai phn ldn d6 ‘hye chit chi 8 sy vay mugn ten goi ai ban ma thoi, Duoi day, ching t0i sé gi rinh ey ‘thé ve nhiing cap bai biin tring tén e6 méi lién quan ve Jong ban vdi ning e&p 46 du inhap khéc nhau, Day 1a nhang bai chi e6 tong nhac Cung dinh ~"Thinh phong Hué va nhge Tai tt ~ Cai luong Nam Bo: 1. Du nhp nguyén xi (git nguyén long bin). [hing bai logi nay gm e6 bai Law tidy (trong nhec Tai ti ~ Cai Iuong Nam BO con goi la Lau tly don) va nhitng bai trong lién khie Thdp tid lin hod. 44 © Tie ligu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam “Moi quan tt gita nhge Gung dink ~Think phing Hud, .. @ 432. Du nhip 66 bin adi (sia d6i long ban). 1) Pht og long ban beng thit php gia nhip®. Day fa trudng hop cia cée bai C8 bn va Line thay mddng trong nbge Tai tt ~ Cai wong Nam Bo. Chang duge phat trim ti ‘bai C4 bain va Lite thuty cha nhge Cung dink ~Thinh phong Hu bing thd php Keo gian ikhung thai gian ea bai ban ts nhip doi sang nhip tu® trén co 30 van git nguyen nhcng nhge thanh quy dinh @ digm nhin va diém nhéin ch eta khung thoi gian. 'b) Thay dd mor s6 duidng nét cao dd. Day la trating hop eba ede bai Ti dai eink va Hanh vine ‘song nhac Tai ti ~ Cai hiong Nam BO. Long bin eta chang da duce bign di it niu dé chuyén d6i phudng thic van hah gai du tr hoi Nan ota nhge Cung dinh ~ Tinh phong Hu sao cho pha hop voi hoi Odn eda nhac Tai ti ~ Cai luong Nam Bo. [Nhu vay, e6 thé n6i ring, nhac Tai ti - Cai lwong Nam BO e6 du nhgp mot s6 bli ‘ban ea nhac Cung dinh ~ Think phong Hoé. Trong s6 6, ding ké nt la hai bai Law thy va Cé bain. Khi vio nhac Tai ti ~ Cai Iuong Nam Bo, chong 48 duge phat wrién dé trd thanh hai bai ban Jon trong hé dhding Séue Bdc. Con nhing ban trong lign khoc Thdp thi fién hod, bin Tit di cinh va Hanh van 8 sige Tait ~Cai huong Nam Bo du dude *xEp" vao loai it dong. Ngoai ra, eOng clin phi n6i ring, nhge Thi 1 ~ Cai luong Nam BO khong be du rnhop mot long bain nio eda nhac Tung. Co thé chinh vilé do ma nhitu nha nghien et ‘thudng khing dinh ring nhac Tai tt ~ Cai hong Nam Bo bat ngudn trye tigp tit nhge ‘Cung dinh ~ Thinh phong Hué. Theo quan diém cia ching toi thi ludn digm d6 qua I cha dit ste thuyét phe, bai lé néu ding trén tGng dank myc hdn 100 ba nhac Tai ti ~ Cai luong Nam Bo dé xem xét thi thanh phan bai bain duge du nhap tit ‘nhac Cung dinh ~ Thin phong Hue fa rt nhd. Mat khée, chang toi cho rng, khi xem. xét m6i quan he gita ede thé loai émi nae nay, diéu quan trong nat fa tim hiu su nh hnung qua lai cia ec tinh chét va mau sic Am nhee ehi dyo, efi ma cée nghé nhiin Cung inh = Thinh phong Hug, Tung va Tai tit ~ Ci wong Nam BO thudng goi fa eae "hai. B. MOI QUAN HE VE HOI, ‘Trong nhac Cung inh ~Thinh phong Hus, nbge Twdng va ne Tai tt - Cai lvong Nam Bo, "hel" 1a mot thuat nga thudng di kem wi cée danh tit riéng nhu Bic, Nam, Xuan, Ai, Oérin. nim biéu cam ede tinh ehét Am nhac Khe nhau eda nhimg hé théng (1) Day Bi mot thd php phitwign ai in mang i de tang eda hae Tl tt ~CAi wong Nam Bo, (@) Nip ao nt ng ding eh mi av wong BBD 2 mi, ap 1 i 0 mS ca gdm ship. Ton bé cia | bai ban va lan digu khiéc nhav. Hof cong con duge goi B cung, gong hay digu. Vi du nu hoi Blic con goi la cung Bie, giong Ble hay digu Bée; hoi Xuan con goi ta cung Xuin, sgiong Xuan hay difu Xutn...O day, ching toi dng thugt mgt "he", bdi Ié n6 a thud nga rigng cia céc d6i tuong nghien edu (M6i mot loai a du mang mot sic thi riéng bigt va doe déo. Nh 6 hat ma ngudi ta 66 thé nh§n thie dude efe he théng bai ban va lan digu. Néu coi long han ka xucing e6it ‘ga bai bain thi hf chinh i da tht ela bai bn, d6ng vai tro nhw mot nh 16 quan trong hang diu bigu hign bd mat ban sfe dm nhac cia ede thé loai nhac Cung dinh ~ Think pphong Hug, nhge Tung va nhge Tai ti ~Cai luong Nam BO. Chinh vi ke d6, ching t0i niin dink sng ho 4 mde he thdng cde yu 16 bid edi cia nhge thal mang tinh quy luat de tha. Voi quan diém nghién citu cba chting ti thi hoi dude tao nén boi be than 16 co ban Te = Thang aim; = Phuong thie vam hinh gia dig ~Phuong phip trang digm. Xin dude din wii nhu saus Thang dm ta méi tuong quan mang tinh quy Iudt v8 evo dd eda ede Am bie trong sini dieu, Phutong thle van him giai digw ® quy Wwot cfu tgo vit van hanh eta giai digu, the hign ete méi quan hé chinh ~ phy, két n6i ela cde hae trong thang Sm, Phutong php trang dim dug iu nhut mot téng thé bao gdm ede céch rung, nin, . Yust, mé...No thé hign su trang digm mang tinh quy lute ede be trong thang am. (Co thé noi, nhting thinh 16 ny chinh fining tiéu chi ma chong toi d& ding de phan Joai hoi. Luan digm dé duge hinh thanh din trong qué trinh nghién ed cde tinh chit am ngc cha nhac Cung dinh -Thinh phong Hué, nhgc Tudng vi nhge Tai ti ~ Ca |uong Nam Bo. Dé tim biéu méi quan he vé hoi git efc thé logi dm nbge nay, ching toi sé lin Iuot trinh bay vé hi trong ting thé logi. 1. Hoi trong nhge Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hue. ‘Theo ede nghe nhan of nhac, ede bai ban cia nhac Cung dink Hué eng niu nhge Thin phong Hu€ déu dude phin chia ed bin thanh hai hg théng ding vi hoi logi hoi kkbic nhaw i fol Khdch va hot Nam. Day li nguyén nan chinh khién ching t0i sit dung thuat ngu ghép: nhac Cung dink = Thinh phong Hue. 46° @ Tir lidu am nhac cung dink Viet Nam ‘Moi quan hi gitea nhac Cung dinh ~ Think phong Hud, © 47Can ci vao tye tién d6, ching t0i da tién hah nghien eit, khdo sit tit c® ec tu Jigu vang va bin ky Am cite bai bin In nbd wi phuiang php phn ich theo hudng dink lugng hoa cdc chi bio, ng thdi vii vige van dung phutdng phap hé thdng nhim phan biet chic nang cia méi yéu 16 va xép ching vao cdc ting bée khée nhau. ‘Ten co s6 dé, ching t65 da xe djnh hii Khach va hoi Nam can ott wen he didng che chi bao phan loai phi bién nha. Qua ds, cheng t0i nhan thy ring, néu nbs trong bo phan nhac Tinh phong Hué, hoi Nam t6 ra vugt tri w $6 Iugng ai bin so véi oi Kihieh, thi trong b@ phin nhac Cung dinh Hug, sé Iuong bai ban thuge hai Khdch Iai ‘chim 1¢ 1dn hon s6) tong bai bin thude hoi Nam. ‘Theo quan diém eda mot s6 nghé niin, ngoal hoi Khéch va ho! Nam, trong nboe ‘Thinh phong Hué cd c6 mot Joni hoi Khsie ndarla hoi Dung, DO la isi eda ese baie TH dai cinh, C6 ban dng), Qut pu ‘Theo quan digm cia chung 16, dig én cic du cht pha fogi hot rink bay, thi hoi Dyng vis hoi Nam fa mot. Sy khiic nhow duy nhét 6 day chi ed thé nhén thy & dm Khu vin hanh gia’ digu, Yeu 16 a6 khong di dé chin tch thanh hot Nam va boi Dyng. Vi vay, chang t0i khdng dinh lai mot fin nda sling: hoi Dung chinh te hot Nam v6 ai digu duge van hinh @ ara khu ea0 hon, Cong tt su phan logi hoi Khéch va oi Nam, ching 161 nhgn thy trong hé thdng cae bai Dai nhge @ mgt s6 bai bin mang miu sic Am nhge khOng rO rang. Ching toi khong thé xép log edie bai hin dé vao hoi Khai hoi hoi Nam dude, vi ehing 66 nhang age trung rigng, Co thé phan chia ee bal bin do than ba: nhom nhus sau: 2) Nhéms gin vdi hi Quaing®, bao gdm bai iis Ma vi va Being dim cung (Neg li). bb) Nim gin vl ai Nam, bao gm hai ai: Cung Ai va Phung va ©) Nom de ldp, chi e6 bdi Tam ludn cite chuyén. Day 1a bai e6 nhong dae trang "age hat vo nb", ‘Can noi r0 ring, efe nghé nhin Hu vin xép Ma va, Ding dan cung va Tam lua cau chuyén vao hoi Khich, xép Cung Ai va Phung va vao hoi Nam. Tuy nhien, 8 day ching t6i phan logi theo quan diém rigng cia minh, cn ct vio he théng eée die trung phé ign nit, theo eich higu vé "hoi" da trinh bay d tren. (1) CA dug a bai Chan dupe tanh bo Nam, (@) Hoi Quing ks mot lai cia mage Ta Caz ang Nam BO, et gn wi ac Quéng Dong, Trung 2. Hoi trong nhac Tung. ‘Thong dm nhac Tung, he thdng cfc bai bin va lan digu due biéw dat tn ba tinh end, mi se Am nhge khie nau 1 ~ Hiei Bie (edn goi la hoi Khéch), = Hoi Xun; = Hoi Ai (con goi ft hoi Oan). Can eit trén eo 38 cfc tiga chi phn logi da trinh bay, ching t6i da xae dinh cde logi hoi néu tren bing nhting hé théng chi béo phé bién nbd. Ti do tién anh efe te nghiep nghién edu so sinh cc loai hoi cba nhac Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hué va nhac Tudng. 66 thé nh inh nn sa = Tht ni, kh voi dm nbyye Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hue, trong am nhac Tudng, ‘tt ei cdc bai bin va lan digu du bigu hign nhdng ebi béo phd bién, wong ting wi ba hoi: Bae, Xuan, Ai. O day, ching ti khong théy c6 mot bai bin nao c6 nhang chi bdo phiin Toai cd bigt, Kigu nhu cdc bai Dai ne: Tam ludn elu chuyen, Ma va, Phung vi. = That hai, 06 thé ni, hoi Bae trong Am abye Tudng cong chink La hoi Kivich trong fam nhge Cung dink ~Thinh phong Hué vai sy tuomg dong v8 ede guy ludt mang tinh de ‘thd. Phai ehaing chin vi thé ma hoi Bae trong m nhac Tudng com dude goiI& hoi Khch? iy chinh 1a “edi chung" cia am nhac Tubng vi ahge Cung dinh = Thinh phong Hug. Tuy nin, vige hoi Khiich xuft ign trong thé logi nto trude la dia ma chung ti khong the de dinh due, = Tht ba, néw nh trong bo phan nhac Thinh phong Hué, hai bin Nam Xian vi ‘Nam Ai déu bidu dot chung mot loi hai fa hoi Nam, thi trong am nhac Tdng, hai bin ‘Nam Xun va Name Ai tai big dat ra hai logi hoi khiie nhau Ta hoi Xuan v2 hoi At. Nh dy, edng vai hoi Nam, hoi Xun vk hoi Ai i sy bigu hign mot trong nhang "esi riéng" cia hai thé loai fm nae nay. ~ Thi at, néu so sinh hing bai bin ting tén gia nhge Cung dinh ~ Thinh phong Hué va nbac Tubing, ching ta 58 thy Nam Xuan va Nam Ai chi Ia hai bin tring ten don thuln, khong eo mot mai lin quan no vé long bin va hoi. Trong khi d6, bai Ta ma ci hai thé loai nhc Ini biéu dat eimg mot logi fo Ii hai Khe (hoi Bi). NO chi Khe nhaw v¥é long bin ma thoi. ‘3. Hoi trong nhge ‘Ta ti = Cat tong Nam Bo. So v6i nhge Cung dinh ~ Thinh phong Hué vi nhac Tadng, cée hoi duge bigu dat trong nbge Tai tir Chi Iuang Nam Bo e6 s6 Tuong ton hon nhi€u, Theo ede nghé aban 8 nhge, & day o6 tt ei bay foai hai Khe nhaw Be 48 © ‘Tir litu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam sstuancove ‘MO; quan he gitea nhac Cung dink = Think phing Hut, .. ® 49Hoi Bic. ~ Hoi Nhae. ~ Hoi Dao. Hoi Quang, Hoi Xuan. ~Hoi Ai ~ Hoi On, ‘Thong d6, riéng d6i véi ba hoi: Xudn, Ai, Dito, méi hoi tuong ung v8i mot bai ban én 12 Nam Xuén, Nam Ai va Nam Dao. Cc nghé nhin thing goi a6 Ia ba ban Nam (hay ba ban fién Nam). Theo cdc nghién ciu cia ching t0i, cha "Nam" 8 day ding dé ‘chi cha bit dau tén goi eta ba bai ban ny (Nam Xun, Nam Ai, Nam Déo). No hoan toan khong ¢6 J nghia bigu dat ru mot hoi Nam doe lap kiéu nhu trong nhge Cung inh ~"Thinb phong Hué. O day, ba ban Nam Iai biéu dat ra ba Toai hot Khée haw hhoan toan, ‘Ve hoi Bile va hoi Nhac, sau khi da xic dinh chang bang nhting be thong ede chi bio ph bign nt, ching tai nha thy ring day thyc chdt chi 18 hai phan duge chia ‘ch ti moe t6ng thé, ma tGng thé d6 chinh la hai Khéch eta nhac Cung dinh ~Thinh phong Hué vit nhge Tubing. Noi cach kha, hoi Bae va hoi Nnge ela mhae Tai tt = Ci Iuong Nam B9 la su phn ngét cla hoi Khich trong nhac Tudng va nhac Cung dinh ~ Thinh phong Hlué. © dy, can ct wen cée tieu chi phan loai hoi eda chang t6i, sy khée nhau gida boi Bae va hoi Nhge chi thé hign mdi quan hé chinh ~ phu gida cée bac trong thang am. Néu nau trong hoi Bac, Ho va Xang la hai dm ada chit, Xe, Cong va U (Xu) la cée dm ‘ua pha, th trong hoi Nhe, Xé, Cong va U lai la ce dm aa chink, com Ho va Xang lai 1 cdc im tp > Nooai ra, néu chang ta léy nhge Tait ~ Cai hxong Nam Bo lam diém nbin, thi sé thy trong hoi Kindch ita nhgc Tuiing vi nhac Cung dink ~Thinh phong Hué, thin phan hoi Nhac t8 ra vudt tri hon hoi Bic vé s6 lugng bai ban. Trong khi 8 nhge Tai ti ~ (Cai ong Nam B9 thi tinh thé lai dio nguge - hoi Bac lai "Win ét” hoi Nhge. Nhu vay, 66 thé coi hai Knieh (hoi Bie + hoi Nhae) la mot sy tuong dng quan trong gida nhac Cung dinh - Thinh phong Hug, nhac Tung va nhae Tai ti - Cai luong Nam BO. Tuy nhién, vi khong thé xc dinh due hoi Khch 06 trong nhge Cung dinh ~ ‘Thinh phong Hué trude hay ©6 trong nhac Tung trude, nén ching t0i ehi e6 the ni: hoi Bac va hoi Nhac trong nfae Tai ti ~ Cai lung Nam Bo dude du nhép tit e@ hai thé log ‘nhge Cung dinh ~"Thinh phong Hué va nhac Tidng, Ve hoi Ai va hoi Ofn trong nae Tai tit Cai Iuong Nam Bo, theo eée tu chi phan Joai eta ching t0i thi dé thye chat chi th mOt hl Su khic mhau gitia Ai va On, theo ching t6, chi thé hign 6 edi inte ahip diéw trong efe chu nae cia bai bain va rm vue phit trién cba giai digu® ma thoi, Ning yéu 16 do chua di d& chia chung thant hai loai hnai khée nhau, Vi thé, chting ti x€p hoi Ai v2 hoi On lam mot hoi voi su giGng nhaw oan toan v thang am, phuong thi van hanh gia digu va phuong phdp trang diém. Qua 146, ching ti thy rang day chinh la hoi Ai (hoi Osi) trong nhac Tubng, Nu thé, tg coi dé 1a su dnb udng eda nae Tubng vel nhac Tait ~ Cai wong Nam Bo. ‘Tuong tu nha vay, sau Khi da xe inh duge ning hg théng cic chi bao ph big hit eta hai Xuan trong nhge Tai td ~ Cai lusng Nam Bo, chang t0i d3 nhn ra day cong chinb 18 hoi Xuan trong am nhac Ting. én diy, ching ta di 6 thé nbin thay 19 mdi quan be v® hoi gita nhge Cung din = Thin phony Hug, nhue Tung vit abe Tai tir ~ Cai lung Nam Bo. Xin bigu d® hoa ri quan bg d6 nh sau: Nhac HaiNam ung dint ‘Think phng Hue Hai Khich Fal Bie Toi Bie (Richy Hai Nine Nge Tadng Hoi Xuan} Ha nin a Ct ong Tiel Ai (any Hal Ai (Oan) rae Hal Dio Hot Oud Se eae eect ey aae are Pasa are Nar tress nt aaa a ee oes che Nan ig gn ith hin HE 50 © Tie ligu dim nhac cung dink Viet Nam ‘Moi quan hé gta nhige Cung dink ~ Think phing Huf, .. © 51Nhu thé, trong mdi quan he gia ba thé logi, ching toi of thé rt ra my nha inh sau day: Hoi Khdch (hai Bée + hat Nhac) ti coi la diém twong dng Ibn nit. Zhung eta ci ba thé Jogi Sm nhac, duge = Hoi Nam la "et riéng* cha nhge Ceng din ~Thinh phong Hu. ~ Hoi Dao va hoi Quang © ta "cai riéng’ cua nbge Tai ti - Cat luong Nam Bo. ~ Hoi Ai (On) va hol Xudn vita Ws “efit chung" gia nhge Ti tt ~ Cai luong Nam BO vi nie Tudag, ding thai vio fa “edi rieng" cia hai thé loai am nhac nay so voi nhae (Cung dink = Thinh phong Hué. [Ninu véy, o6 thé néi, néu nhu ding vé mat hiéir muc bai bain va phn nao lang ban. hae Tai ti ~ Cai luang Nam Bo chix su anh hudng eta nhge Cung din ~ Thinh phony Hué nhigu hon so voi nhac Tubing, thi nguoc lai, ding vé mat hoi mé n6i, nhac Tai ti ~ Cai Iuong Nam Bo Ii chiu sy chi phd 1dn luo eda Am nhac Tudng. [Ngoai ra, sau qua trinh nghién eiu, ching t6i xin nhén man ring. etng nbu trong ‘im nlnge Tuidng, se bidu dat cic loai hui trong nhge Tai tt ~ Ci uong Nam BO e6 thé néi 1 mang tinh quy ludt rit cao. Tat cd cdc bai bin déu biéu dat ede hoi rd rang. O day khong tim thy mt biti bin no bao chia nhiing chi bio phén logi eé bigt, nim ngoit guy Iugt chung. Mit kh, sau khi da xe dinh dude moi quan hé v8 hoi git nhac Cung dinh ~Thind pphong Hué, nhac Tung va nhge Tait ~Cai luong Nam Bo tren quy mo toan thé, ching 10i dé tién hanh kiém tra hoi cia biéu mue céc bai bin tring ten, nhim mye dich xic ddinh 16 hon nda mie a6 eda méi quan he vé bi ban git ede thé loai am nhwge nay. Ti 46 da xae lap duge mot being tng két va So sinh sou day: (1) No d inh hy 8 cut mye (RBG 9), HOH Qudng Osan nha ma in trong BO pn Dai ahve ‘Sig Hue thng qu tas ARG Ped Dg a ang unis chong be woe ‘8 cua ah Ulam ngeoo to nen mot ho Ouing ong nhc 19 Cay ong Nl Bo. BANG TONG KET MOI QUAN HE CUA BIEU MUC CAC BAI BAN TRUNG TEN Thing bal od av suong ding [Nhing bal chi of ay tuong ding] Nhiing bal chi eo su tuong ding] ‘e long ban vi hel vé Tong hin ve hel Nhae | Nhse |. Nhac | Nhac | Nive] Nha | Nhac | Nhac | Nhac Jcung din | Tuing | taste | Thinh | Tudng| Tas ei ~ | Cung dinh | Twing | Ta et think CH omg] phn Cal tong is ong phone Fe Nun Bo] Fae ‘Nam BO | phong He] Nam Bo = The + miay| = Hon sroan | emia | © tie | =e th a rs win | oma | ma | ma tien inen hoon tot Nem | * Nom Suan) ven * aw tae | 6 dot = 2¥ dat nam) = Nam ‘hig thiy |e sink ar) at * 08 bin = C5 bin + Pha ° Phi tue ue * Long Leng gi nam, ing ad a e + Net * Nga 264 ai tune hao} * Nea + Net 38 hy a ha + Lng ae ong dong + 1G Tite he hie + xan] Xuan na] nw vty | ere ty | ga ha) | at hay 52° Te lifu dim nhac cung dink Vier Nam ‘Méi quan hé gieu nhac Cung dink = Think phong Hu, © 33‘Tren day, mai quan hé gida nhge Cong dinh —Thinh phong Hué, nhge Tung va ge Tai t-—Cai Iuong Nam Bo di pitin nao dude Kam sing t tren-phuong dign bai ban vv Am digu, Ching ti bit ing, dé hiéu hét dude mi quan he gita cdc thé Joni dm nhge nly, chong ta edn phi bin dén nhiéu yéu t6 khic nia nbu eu tric bai bn, bin ehé dan nie, nguyen he hoa iu, kp thube thank nh, nip digu vi ém nge eda ee nbac ey khong dinh am... day, s8 di ching toi chu d edp dn ohang yéu t6 d6, vi vi st han ‘hep cba cudn sich nay, bai bin vi Am digu cia cic déi tung nghien edu clin phai dude ban aén tnd tien (Qua tét ea céc phiin da trinh bay, ching ta di thy duge nhing diém wong dOng vv kde bigt ve big mye bai bin, long ban va hoi ~ ning yéu t6 quan trong thé hién mi quan é gitta nhgc Cung dinh ~Thinb phong Hué, nhac Tung va nhac Tai ti ~ Cai ludng Nam Bg, mot méi quan hé ma theo ¥ ching t6i, bude du da c6 co sd dé Khing inh dude su khang khit va gn bo cia n6. (1) Kg thu chunk ne diy vin due Bio sy hide dt ce Nok Nag Kony ha MOT VAI DAC DIEM AM NHAC CUA "MUOI BAN NGU" ‘BUI TRONG HIEN Mluci bin Neu con 06 ten goi khic ts Thép dt lién hodn, mot liém Khe bao gdm mudi bai bain la: Phim myél, Newyén tiéu, HO Quang, Lién hoan, Binh ban, Tay mai, Kim riin, Xuan phong, Long Hé, Tw ma. ‘rong phn nay, ching ti sé phn tich Mudi bin Nay dusi goe di am nhac hoe him lam sing t8 mot vai de diém eo ban eda tée phéim. L SU KET CAU TAC PHAM A. cAU TRUC. ‘Mui ban New thuge dang edu mie fén-kiuic. © dy, ede bai bin Khe nhau duge sip xép, dign tu két n6i v6i nhau dé tao than mot lién khée. Dang edu trie nay kha phd ign khong chi trong nhac Cung dinh Hug, ma con trong nbiéu thé loai am nhac o& ‘ruyén Vigt Nam. (C6 thé chia edu tre ign khic trong dm nhac dan t6e of trayén Viet Nam thanh hai Joai chin « Logi edie mic ké nd lén mach ~trong dé cée bai bin duige dign tu ign twe theo kigu nhip dau eta bai sau xust hign ké tgp ngay sau nbip cudi cing cia ai trude, khong 66 sy phan nyt ve thd gia gid ede bi Bn + Logi edu inte kéi ndi khong lin mach ~ trong 6, gta ede bai bin duge dién téu bao gid cing co sy phan nyét ve thi gian voi sy ngung nghi tam thdi, hoge Ia mot nét siai dieu mang tinh ehdt edu n6i 34 © Te ligu dm nhge eung dink Viet Nam ‘Mit vai dae diém dm nhac cha "Micdi ban New ® 5SMudi ban Ng thuée logi edu trae lién mach, Ve nguyen tc, mot edu trde ién Khe tit nhien phi bao gm it mht fa hai bai to Jen, Trong fm nhge Cung dinh Hue, chang toi da gap nang dang lien khde sau: Dang lign knoe fai ba = Ma v= Mang «Nam bang ~ Tia ma Dang lin Khe ba ba + Cung Ai--Ma vit = Nam binh ering + Bong Ma vil ~ Mang. « Ma vt ~ Du zudn ~Tdu ma. Dang lien Khite nan biz ‘© Daing dan dan ~Xang x6 ~ Phi luc ~Ken chih ~ Tine ma. ++ Nt dd tata dha Long ding -Long. ng -Tida White Dang lién khde mudi bai chi ed mot truéng hop duy ahdt la Mudi ban Neu, mot trudng hop it gap trong nn m nhac dan te ed truyén Vigt Nam. B. NHIP MOT - DON VJ TRUONG DO KET CAU ‘Theo cée nghé nhin Hué, tit ci ede hai trong Mudi ban Neu déu duge tinh 46 dai bang mot Khung thai gian ma ho goi n6 la "hip md’. Theo eich do nay thi d6 dai cba mi bai trong lign kh fi: li sau Phim ayéi ~48 nhip. Nguyen tidu ~32 nbip Hi Quing ~ 14 ahi. Lién hoan ~38 nhip. Binit ban ~44 nbip. ‘iy mai ~23 hip. Kim tén ~26 ohip. Xuan phong ~ 10 nhip. Long H6 ~7 nhip. Tia ma ~34 nbip. ‘Tong yi tr} thdi gian cha mbi nhip mde gdm én daw vi phich (four beats unit). Khi dign tu, nhip mdr duge dénh dita bing 4m thanh gé cia nhae ev Phich vao don vj phiich dau tign trong bin dan vi, Néw bigu thi teen eich ky am chu Aw thi ikhung thoi gian cia nhip mér 66 thé ghi bang hai khudng nbjp 2/4 8 nip 40 vita pha (Moderato). Phach Khung thai gian eta nhip mdr duce sit dung trong tt e4 cde dj ban da suu tim dude, khong e6 bign thé, eri bai Tei ma. Cq thé, bai Phin ye c6 48 nhip mot thi s& 6 48 tiéng phiich; bai Long Hd 6 7 hip mor thi sé w6 7 tiéng phiich... Riéng & bai Tv ma, mae di theo co efi e6 truyn e8 34 nip, nhung trong ede of ban seu tim duge thi Ini ght 68 ting phkich, Nbu thé, khung thai gian eta mh mgt chi e6 gi tr] Hang 1/2 tha gian eta whip m6r ding trong 9 hai kia. Vi du: ial doy bal au md Phach sung. tht ian erase Kung tal alan ‘ura. gp > Loi go phaich néu tren 1a mat hin tung khu bigt so vai I6i gS ph bign, hip mde phos Nguie lai, néu ta coi 68 ting phich trong bai Tu ma fa mot khung this gian én thé cba nip mdr of truyen thi sO nhip bai nay la 68 nhip. Ching tai thien ve y ign ay. 56 @ Tir ligu am nhac cung dink Viet Nam Mot vai die diém dm nhac ciia “Mirbi bin New" 57IL. GIA] DIEU ‘Trong phin niy, chong t0i sé tinh bay nhiing die diém néi bat nha trong during tuyén giai digu cia Mudi bin Net, biéu hign trén toin b6 va ting phiin cia tie phim ‘cong mhu 8 tit ca cae of bain, A. SU TRUNG LAP GIAI DIEU. (Co thé bit gap trong lien khoe nhing nét giai digu dude sti dung trong hai hay nhitu bai ban khéc nhau, D6 Ki nhing nét giai digu dai khong tir S khuOn nhip 2/4 trd Ten, ma theo ¥ ching ti Bi d0 dé thé hign tinh chit ring cia bai ban, Dui day, chong t6i sé trink bay nhing dung nét gioi digu trang Ip dé thong qua be giai digu cita dan nj trong dj bin hoa eu thu thanh nam 1986. 1. Su trang Kip gida bai bai. 8) Phim tayéi ~ Ngwpén gu: 66 hai tring hp. + Taxing bop eh ni end stn hi 96-0 Nauysn bu kknuon tip 58-68 = Trudng hop thé hat Prin sn Ss Nguyen eeu hug ip 38-43 'b) Nevo teu ~Lién hodn: 6 mot trading hap: 4 tie & a Rp 87 Lién on khuon nip 20-29 c) HO Quing ~ Lit hodn: 06 mot tain bp: ‘6 raving, Ltnnoan Poa Ba ibn hotn kwon nia 2-6 @) Lién hoan ~ inh ban: 66 mot trudng hop: oan mé au Balin hoa ©) Tay mai ~ Kim ign: & mot trading hop ma ching t0i cho Ia khé de bigt bai dg aj cia nét giai dieu trang lap. Co thé noi, ton b} 21. Khusn nip (2/4) eusi cing cba hai bai may ging nba 21 yon ap ext aaa ‘58° @ The lidu am nhac eung dinh Viet Nam ‘Mét vai de diém am nhge cia “Micdi ban New” 592. Sy trig Ip gidia ba bai. Chi 06 mot truding hop gita bdi Lién hodn, Tey mai va Kim didn, Trong d6, nét trang lap nity lai xudt hign hai fin trong mdi bai: trong bai Lién hod, n6 nm & khuon hip 41645 vi 61-65; trong bai Tay mat, n6 nim & Khudn nip 35-39 va 41-45; trong bai Kim fin, 16 nim O Khun mhip 41-45 va 47-51. GB Lib hod: kus ap B85 * way ia, ys ruor nfip 4445 Kir won hip 47-61 3. Su tring Kip gidia bén bai, Chi co mor trading hop gta bai Phim nyét, Neuen tie, Bink ba va Tay mai. Trong 40, nét gia ditu tring lip xudt hign hai Fan & bai Phd tet (khuom mhip 15-19 va 39-43). 8 2 Ph tt keuen ip 99-43 Boh + Noupén tga knuon nip 28-27 sere don ‘a Tay mal ‘i sinned vageag Nhu vay, su tring lp giai digu néu trén tao nen mot méi quan be khdng Khit va gn bo gitla ee bai bin trong lign khiic Mudi ban New. Co thé thay, ert ba bai cudi cing (Xuan phone, Long Hé, Ti ma), cbm ti e@ bay Dai com lai trong Mut ban Nae it nhita du e6 ahing net wai digu giéng nau, Trong dé, bai Lidn hod ef ti nim nét gia’ digu tring lap wai ede bai Neen du, HO Quaing, Bink ban, Tey mai via Kim sda, Diéu nay lam cho bai Lién hon dudag nh Ik noi hoi tw nhong dung nét giai digu cita cde bai kia, Hej bai Tay mai vi Kim én 66 nét giai digu trong lap di nb, ebiém ty 1¢ hon 1/8 d6 dai bai ban, Ngoai ra, n6 gi bao chia thém mot nét giai digu agin da xudt hign 0 bai Liga hodn, Digu dé cng kam ting thém su gin bé gida ede bai bin nay voi nhaw. ‘Cong phii ké dén su tring lp gia’ digu gida bin bai: Phan tyél, Newyén tig, Binh in va Tiy mai. Trong 6, nét giai digu trang lap da xudt hign hai lin 0 bai Phéim aye, mot Fin O bai Nguyen gu, li rd thank doan tiép gidp gia hai bai Bink ban va Tay mai Né cing lam tng thém tinh théng nhét ein tuyén giai digu dai sudt tr bai Phim adi én bai Ty mai Su trong lap giai dig gita bay bai daw trong lign khiéc Mui ban Naw tie nhien sé tao ra hai vin dé: Mot mat, su tring lap giai didu thudng gy kho khan cho vige hoe thuge va adm bat bai bin, bOI ngwi ta sé d& bj Kin In d doan tiép néi sau net giai digu trong lip &6 ‘a phian nao tam nhoe di tinh chit riéng eta méi bai bin, Hidn thé nua, khi nét gia’ dieu tring lap lai nim vat ngang @ phan tip gip gida hai hai thi ranh gii gta ching duag mnhu khong edn nda, vid nhu 3 doan tiép gidp gita cfc bai HB Quang va Lién han, Binh ban va Tay mai. ~~ M@i khic, cing chinh sy ting lip giai digu lai tang eudng tinh thong nbét gida bay bai dau trong lién khde, Vi vay, khi nghe su dién tu lin mgeh bay bai do, ngudi 1 ‘thudng e6 cim gide ring diy dung nh chi lt mot bai bin rt dai, ma Khong pha fa bly bi nhd két n6i voi nhav. Nua noy, thit kh6 6 thé ly gid vi sao ngudi me lai sit dung tha phap née Ipi nét ¢giai digu nhu vita trinh bay. O day chi xin néu d0i diu phong doar ~Thit nhdt, "tic gi" dé coi tt ed cdc bai tong lign Khe ehi fi nhiing thinh t6 khong téch ri eda m@t téng thé tic phim. ~ Tht hai, trong lien Khe Mudi bn Nyt, m6i én két win BO new tren chi iy ra trong bay bai dau, con ba bai eubi etng (Xin phong, Long Hd, Téa ma) Iai c6 ning bo mat rieng biet, Ditu do dudng nhu phan chia Mui bain Ney than bai phn: phiin du (7 bai) la nhiing bai ban e6 tinh thing nhdt cao va pian sau (3 bai) 1a nhung bai ban eo tinh khae biet. (Co Je chinh vi vay ma ngud ta thudmg tic bén bai cust etmg trong Mud han New 8 ghep voi bai Lia sly tao thanh mot Hien Khe nim bhi Re Late dy, Kim én, Xun Phong, Long Hé, Ta ma. 60° © Tie ligu im nhac cung dink Viet Nam ‘Mit vai dic diém dm nhac cia "Muti ban New” @ 61‘BSAC THAI GIAI DIEU - HOI KAACH. [Niu ching 161 da trinh bay, tit cd cdc bai ban thude hé thing Nha nhac du 6 se ‘thai cha mot logi 16 chiie 4m thanh ma nghé niin goi la "haf Khdch*. ‘Trong dm nhac od truyén Viet Nam, hoi Khich c6 sfc thai rit da dang. © day chi ‘tinh bay nbting dae dig hai Kid thé hin trong ln Khikc Moi bin Neu. 1. Thang am Khich. Dae diém cia thang dm Khdch thé hign néi b9t 6 su tn tai dé dung sai cha mot vai bic thang im. D9 dung sai do la mot khodng di dong cao d@ chp nhén duge wrong mi tuong quan vii cao a9 eila ede bfe kha trong thang Am. “rong ci bai ban ci ign kde, thang am Khéeh gm bay bée am: Ha, Xu, Y, Xang, Xé, Cong, Phan, trong d6 H6 va Xy edn 6 ten goi kh kt Liu va U 8 quang tim cao hon, = oe me ate ae te XY Y= Xang x8 Cong Phan LU. co ‘Trong bay bac am trén e6 ba bic Hd, Xang, Xe 1a c6 cao do od dinh. Con dt ed cede bac khde thi it mhiéu d2u c6 dé dung sai tiéng cua minh, die Cong 06 khong cao d6 di dong lon abst, jt Ia hai baie Xu va Dui day, ching tai xin din bang so sinh cao d9 ede bac thang &m Khéch vii evo. 440 cée bac thong dm Binh quan thong qua tai nghe va kinh nghigm thye tga, Khong 05 su do dye cia iét bj am hoc. Hoy yng ‘Thang &m Khach Thang &m Binh quén doe a) ta Be CO thE noi, day 1 mot thye tién het site sng dng ma ching t6i khéng thé phin nh day di va tring thinh trén bin ky am bing he thong Do, Re, Mi.. Tat cd cde ky hrigu cao d9 kiéu hu #, %, #, f du khong phi hop. Vi vy, khi xem cde bin Kj arm ‘da ching t0i, xin quy dGe gid hay chia sé su han ché d6 va xin hay higu rang d6 1a thang ‘am Khéch chit khéng phi thang am Binh quan, 2. Phuong thite van inh glai digu hoi Khieh. 2) Thank phe dm, Mac di thang am c6 biy dm, nhung giai digu hoi Khdch trong lién khte Mudi ban [Nav dude xy ding chi yéu trén nhitng méi tuong quan khic nhau cia nm bac: Ho, Xi, Xong, Xé va Cong, Ben canh do, trong tuyén giai digu doi khi edn e6 sy xudt hign dan xen ebia hai Bae Phon va Y dudi dang dim ludt, dm théu. Co thé voi day la su pha man "maw se" wrong dudng tay giai dieu nam dm co bin, Theo cic nghé nha, I6idién tu may thé bien edm xe cd thé cia nhac edng khi trinh din, thudng dude dong d& thay thé cho I6i dig chinh théng vai cing mat phan dogn giai dieu. Vidu: Loi diém tu "mau sie": Loi dim tw chink thing: ‘Tuy nin, hign tuong noi én khong xudt hign nhieu 1) Quy le i ds, Co thé xem day la méi quan hé "hot din* gita ede Am edu thanh dudng tuyén gia digu hoi Khach. Digu d6 06 nghia ring ching khong két néi véi nhau mot eéch ty do ma Phi "theo" mgt cdeh thie nh dink. Ching toi hi lim hai loa 2 © Tie liéu dm nhge cung dink Viet Nam ‘Mot vai dic diém dm nhac eda "Micii bin New” 63= Bute tin me tgp (ej bigu: —» ) fa sy Ket n6i try tiép cba hai am, twong duong ‘voi mot quang gini dieu, ching toi goi la rhém hai dm, = Bude tin gin tip (oj higu:----») 1a su két n6i hai Am théng qua mgt &m trang sian, ching t6i goi [a mlm ba den. ‘Dui ay ching t6i sé trinh bay nhing nlm dm dete eeing d6 thong qua vai t0 tiép ri cia cd nam bic: Ho, Xu, Xang, Xe va Cong, = Nhim hai dim: =Titn vio Ho (howe Lin), Khi két néi voi Ho thi tt ca bin bc eOm Iai trong thanh phn am co bin du 66 thé tign trye tiép vio Ho. Trong #6 Xang va Cong e6 thé tién vio Ho theo hai hudng tit ‘duo len va tt tren xungs riéng Xe chi duoc tign tt dud Ken va Xy chi duge tign tr cen. sxuSng. Keng lin Kéng- Liv Cag Liu Bg Liu XP Ly U- Lia = Tin vito Xi (hose Up. Khi két néi vei Xv thi Xang, Cong vir H6 du c6 thé tign vao Xi tit hai hudng; riéng Xe chi duge tién tir dudi len. Xerg XB ng XE = Tikit vio Cong. ‘Ciing gidng nit Xe, khi két ndi voi Cong thi Xy khing due tin trvetigp vao Cong. (Con igi, Xang vii Ho d&n e6 thé rién vio Cong tit hai hung; Xé thi chi tién tit dud len, HE Gog Lin ng Hanging, Xang cing XE ng » Nhém ba am: =Titn vio Ho (hose Liu) Kang-U xdag-U Ging CBty-U HO CKe Lise XY 2d = Tit vio Xang. Ki két ndi voi Xang thi HO va X€ du o thé tign vao Xang tr hai hudng: com Xu chi duge tién tit dudi len va Cong chi duge tién tr trén xudng. 7 a He Kang Lin — Kang HET Kang A@- Nang 2 Kane CEng Kang = Titi vao Xe. Khi két ndi wi Xé, chi c Ho, Xang va Cong lb dude tién trae tiép vao X@. Trong | 46, Xang chi due tin tir dudi len va Cong chi duge tién tis tren xudng. Nhu thé, e6 thé thdy 16 Xw khong bao gi tién true tigp vao Xe, Day Ih mot dae diém kha thi vi 4 -© Te itu dm nhac cung dink Vidt Nam Ss -maneown ‘Mis vai dite diém dm nhge cia “Mucbi bin New” © 68[Neodi ra, edn €6 dang nhim ba dm dure tao boi sty lai cha mot am nao do thong qua dm thew trung gian ding lin Ké phia tren hode phia dudi nd. én diy, ching ta dé abin thy 10 toan bo ning mdm dm date mong thé him quy Iugt két néi am than trong giai digu hai Khach. D6 ta tat e& nhiing gi phé bien nhit ma ‘ching t6i téng két duge ti thuc tién, O day, chuing t0i khong néu ra nh@ng trudng hgp_ @" hay "it dmg’. Co thé eoi day 1a ning nhom am e6 ¥ nghia nhu ahing dom vf -giai difu nhi nh ma v6i su "lap ghép" theo nhiu céch khde nhau, ching da t9o nén toa bo dudng tuyén giai dieu hoi Khach, ‘ich ba Neuyen seu) ©) Mét quan hé cin ~ pw. ‘Chung t0i goi dm chink & nhing am xust hign nhieu & nhing diém két thic eta rot ¥ nhac, m6t ciu nhgc hay mBt doan nhac, va dic bigt, né la dm két thie ota cd bai ban, hing ain edn Iai trong thinh phiin am co txin 1a dim phy. Néu 4p dung quan-nigm 4m nhge Trung Hloa thi méi nhin ¢6 thé eho ring tt ca fe bai ban hoi Khach du thude digu Chiy va digu Cung Trung Hoa. cHty UNG Sogo xe Cong Linu OXY Kang XB Cong, Xang ‘Thé nhung, nhus da n6i d phiin B.L., cao dé ec bike Am eta thang Am Khéch khong hhodn todn tring wi cao dé cée bac cing vi tri trong digu Cung va digu Chay Tring Hoa. [Ngoai ra, thong qua khii sit cfc bai ban cba Muai bain Nav, chting toi thy méi am trong, nim am Hé, Xy, Xang, Xé, Cong cia thang am Khiich déu-c6 vai tro twang d6i doe lap ‘va quan he kh bin dng voi cée am con li. Trong 46, 0 ting doan thai dogn Khe nha, bat cf am nao trong nam am Ha, Xy, Xang, Xé, Céng déu c6 thé néi tri vai vai tro dm | hin. Vi viy, ching toi chia phuong thie van hank giai digu cfu thang am Khdeh lam hnai dang quan he ct ~ pu = Dang tht nhdic Ho va Xang ti céc dm chinh trong mei twong quan véi Xu, Xé va Cong la eae dm pa Dang tht hai: Xu, Xe va Cong la eée drm chink trong mdi tuong quan voi HO va Xang la cée dm phu. [Ngoai ra, ching t6i com nh thay, trong dang thet nh, vai trd dm chin cia HO va ang kd cin bing, khong e6 Am nao vugt tj, Do db, Khi giai digu eia bai ban Ke thae & bac HO hay bac Xang cing du cho ta mot cém gide én dinh ni nau. O dang. dt Jia, vai t0 dm chinh cist Xy va X€ e6 phan tr6i hon Cong. Hiai dang quan bé ohinh ~phu néu txén le thi dan xen, hoa quygn, le thi téch bach 1 ring trong tt cd ed bai bin hoi Khach. Xétrigng ting bai ban trong Mudt bd Neu, theo ching toi, dang du ha (Xy, XE ‘va Cing 1a dim chink) bigu hign 10 hn ca trong cc bai Lién hodn, Binh ban va Kim itn, Dang thd nit (Ho va Xong la am chink) néi bat trong bai Phdim aayé (hi md du) ‘vt efe bai Xuan phong, Long Hd, Ti ma (ba bai eubi cing). Trong cfc bai con li ki su ddan xen, hoa quyén cia ci hai dang quan hé ehh ~phu. 3. Phuong phap trang diém. “rong sén fm nhge dan te o6 truyn Vigt Nam, n6i chung éch trang digm cho ese bac trong thang am la moe nhan 16 rét quan trong, gop phn tao nén tinh chit rigng eta ting fai arm nhc ‘rong nhc Cung dinh Hug, efch trang diém efc be thang im mang tinh quy lugt ‘ong di ea, né I mot trong nhiing yéu 16 xe dinh tinh eb ring eda tng Toa hoi. 6 day, nhiéu khi ngudii ta c6 thé phan bigt duge ngay hoi nay véi hoi kia chi thang. «qua eéch trang diém cae bac cia chting. Thim chi, ehi edn dign tu mot vai am os trang digm f ngudi nghe c6 thé biét ngay nét nhye da thude hi nao. Noi nhu vay e6 nghia la chung 101 khdng dinh ring: trong nhiing khodnh khée ngin ta dm nnge voi mat dQ thua ein dm thank, elk mang dm cdc bac drm ta yéu 16 vugt Jen hang div cing vai yéu t6 sang den dé tao ra hai. Phai ching, chinh vi I dé. ma cde ‘ge trong thang am thing dude cic nghé nhan c6 nhge goi la "cht dan" vai ham ¥ eS Ahauh digu xe aint?! © day, cdc nét t0 digm khong chi binh thanh bi nhng &m nam gin am co bin mot Quing 2, mi né con hinh thanh boi nung am ech xa dim eo ban, thim chi cich mot ‘quing 8 va hon thé nit 66% Te ligu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam Mit vai die diém dim nhge cia “Mucdi bin Neu? @ 67Bén canh d9, trong thye tién thn toi rit nhieu nét 10 diém dig ra kha phic tap ma ‘én khuong nhge nim dng ké khong thé nio biéu dat dude diing higu qua am thanh the eta né. Bigu do gidi thich tai sao nhiing ngwdi mun hoe dn, hoe hat du phai tre tiép nim bat "oi ten" cia Tehit din” ti mgudi thay gh nhan ma khong thé edim hin dude qua ban ky am. ‘Ti thye trang may, chong 101 eho ring can pha thé Igt ti t6t hon eéie nét t0 dim phic tap, dign td chong trén van ban dé sao cho ai cing 66 thé higu va nim bat dude Cho dén nay, ching ti nhén théy chi eS phusng phap db thi hoa am thanh dud hang hinh eo ban 18 66 thé phiin nio gidi quyét dude viin dé da nev. Chang ta du bigt, am thanh thudng duge biéu dién trén dé thi hai chiéw dng voi hai thude tinh ec bin eda no la cao do va truding do. cao 0 L____, ting ap (Chang € bigu dat ede nét t0 diém tren dd thi nay bing mot duimg tuyén gin luge eta nét t0 diém edn cit vao sy cm nhin bing thinh gide vé higu qui Am thanh thc. 1€ cba n6, Dusi day la vi dy v8 mot nét to digm dan gidn nbs hin thay nét 10 digm néu trén 06 thé biéu dat trén khuong nhac, nén 3 day, dé ‘cho vige trinh bay duge gon ang, chung toi sé chi dung phuong phap do thj dé bieu dat hing nét 16 cigm thude vao loai phic tap ma I6i chép nhac chau Au Khong dign ti duge. Xin luu y ring: cheng ti chi mong mucin tim higu thue chét eéch trang diém cho ccéc bge thang am Khéch, chit chua 06 y dinh d& xuét mot kigd ky ty mdi cho ky am phap. 68 © Tie ligu Gm nhge cung dink Viet Nam im m@t phudng php nao do dé © Vilé 46, tren tit ed ede phn ky Am eda eudn sich ni, ehving toi van st: dung ee nét pu (not nhge nha) dé ky higu nét 10 diém, mi khOng dng cic ky ty phe tap Khe. Khi xem xét mhing nét t0 digm ec be thang am, xin quy dQ gid voi Tong di chigu so sinh vi sy din gidi & myc nay. Bay ai ching ti sé trinh bay mot vai ch t0 diém dae trung mang tinb eo ban el nam bac: Ho, Xv, Xang, Xe vi Cong. a) Rung: Xu (U) va Cong la hai bite duge rung. Day fa dae diém ea bin nha trong cedch trang digm ee bde thang fim Khiich, C6 thé nghe thay no dé ding qua tt c& cic bai bin Khéch lie gia digu khong hut nhanb. 1) NOt deen im et bn: ++ Not dyo quting 2 - dng cho edi nim bie: Ho, Xu, Xang, Xe, Cong. Digu die bigtf nét 16 digm ay thudng din ra rét nhanh, va khi d6,ciém xust phit thudng di dng trong khofing dudi im quing 2 va trén am co ban. Vi dus wh A 99) ay + Not dua quang 3 - dung cho hai bie Xu va Cong. | ©) Nie dca duit co bain: + Not dua quang 2 ~ ding cho ba bée Xu Cong va Xe. SSeS © NOt dys quang 3 ~ dung cha ba bje Ha, Xang va Cong. Saas ‘Mot vai die diém dm nhac cia “Mucbi ban Nee" 69Dig big, reng di wi hai be HO va Xang thi nét t digi nay thutng dim ra phe tep hon. Teong d6, digm nuit phit di dong ti khodng dui am co bin va ten nét dua, sau d6 di xudng nét dua ri-mdi tién Ken am eo bin. Vi dus cy ia Eng 7 © NOt dum quang 4 ~ ding cho hai baie HO va Xang, SSS Not dya quiing 5 ~ dang cho bin bie Ho, Xu, Xé va Cong, tee + NOt dia quing 6 - dung cho hai bie Xi va Cing, (80) 8) NO tay wren dm cas bai: + Not lay quang 2 - dung cho cai nm hie Ha, Xu, Xang, Xé va Cong. Diu da bit la: nét 10 dim nay thudng c6 dang dinh di dong tir Khodng dui am quang 2 vi tn 4m ca bin, Vi du: xu Ls 80) t + Not lay quang 3 ~chi thy dang cho hai hae ‘Xu va Cong. S55 10 Tur liéu din nhac cung dink Viet Nam Net t6 digin nay eang thudng dim ra. mot dang kha phic tap. Trong thye #6, digm -xust phi thuding di déng trong khodng phia dui am quing 3 va trén 4m eo ban, sau dé tién VE Am 00 bin ri mdi Kay len. Day la mot dc diém kha d0e déo cia hoi Kha au ©) Nd dia kei hop nd ly: + Két hop voi nt ly quing 2 ~ ng cho e& nam bae Ho, Xu, Xang, Xe, Cong. Di diy fa mer vai mung hop thuing thay Vidu: Xang + Két hap vi nt léy quang 3 ~ chi thy o6 hai trubng hop cia Xu va Cong; én day, ching ta a nhin biét duge nhiing dudng nét trang dim cic hae thang fam Khich trong moi tuong quan eda nam bg: Ho, Xu, Xang, Xe va Cong. D6 ly nang nét 16 digm de trung eta ede be Am. Thy nhién, trong thye té, khong phai lie nao ching cing 06 mat diy di trén dung tuyén giai digu Khéeh. Theo quan sit cla ching 16%, Ku Iagng si dung cia nhing nét 20 digm d6 phy thude chat ché vito ci yéu 16 nhu long bin, hip digu, tii wing va cm sinh ly eta nguoi trinh din, © ay, theo quan nigm ci ching ti, cin phi ob mot eff nhin tGng thé dé Koa quat hoa vin d8, boi céich trang diém cde b§e thang 4m déng mot vai tr quan trong tao, hnén ning die diém va tinh chit rieng eda hoi Khéch. Tat cd cée céch trang diém ma ‘Mét vai dae diém dm nhac cia “Mucdi bin New @ 71ching 107 8 tinh bay duge ting ket ts rt nhiéu tu ligu vang cia ef bai bin Khich, Ben canh a6, ching t0i obn tign hank nghien edu thue nghiém vail ede nghé nhén nhim dim bao sy minh xe va khai thée t6i da s6 Iuong tiém Sn cia cde nét tO dim. Tit d6, 06 thé thy ede nét 16 dim ciu cdc be thang Am trong nhung dj bn cist Mui bane Neu eng 66 46 "eo gia VE s6 long. It. AM NHAC CUA CAC NHAC CU KHONG DINH AM Se la thigu sot néu khong bin dén am nhac eda ede nhac cv khong dink sm, mot thanh phiin kh quon trong gdp phin tuo nén higu qué tng thé ela Mudi bin Nev trong hoa tu din nha ‘Trude het, cin khiing dinh chite nang dém thuiin ty eta cée nhge eu khong dinh 4m (phach, chén, sénh tin, tar dm la vé tng ban) trong dan nage. NO eo vai tro tp 1a cf dung tuyén tit tiu khde nhau de lam nn, ning d® vi t6n ceo gia digu. Ben can 446, né con dOng vai trd quan trong trong vige boi them Am sie, ting eudng them su diy ddan va hou quyén ela dan nhac, Hon thé nia, voi tu each 16 nhiing nhac ey trinh din tiét téu don thulin, n6 sé bigu dat quy ludt ve nbip digu eb bai ban, Bly git, chang 0s tvnh bay dm nye eda cic nbge ey Khong dinh Am, trong hoe a ‘Mui bin Net can ot tnd bin thu thanb thing 6 nam 1996 lam e0 $8 & phan tich, ‘A. PHACH. Ding nhu tén goi eta n6, 8 day, phich dong vai tro gia nip, te la dim bao nhiing bude di du dan ets nhip digu voi sy bigu dat quy ludt hip moe trong Mud bd Nd hich Co thé go tiét tia phieh 3 day thude vio log tiét via dng do dom thudn, (1) Xin som pit Su kt i ea te pin, mwe B,"Nhip mot —Don vi dng Kt OR CHEN. ‘Ve mat am nhge ma noi thi eng ging nhu phich, chén 8 day dong vai to git mip. ‘Thong dé, tét tau ong ap c6 gi tri thd gian bing 1/8 gid tr tet tdu cba phaeh trong chin bai diu va bing 1/2 trong bai Zé ma. Bén canh d6, 8 nhdng diém ngung nghi cba sat digu cing thuting xudt hin tit tu dj d9 kiéu trémolo. C, SENH TIEN. C6 thé néi, day fa mot loai nhac ey ma dong tac ky thudt sit dung kha phe tep va hing ding vé nim mai, nip king, né khong chi mang lai higu qué am than don thulin, ma con dem lai Khoi elm thm my eda nghe thugt mda cho ngudi thudng thie. inh vi vay ma ngudi ta thuding goi vge trinh tdu nhge ev nay bing hai kigu [a sénb tn vi "ma" s€oh tn, choi Cin eit trén higu qué dm thanb thye tign cba sénh tien, ching tOi chia aim se eta 16 thanh ba loai khéc nhau tng wi ba tr twang thanh: “chap, "ede "ret". Trong do, “chap” la aim sic cia tay kep, la higu qua cia vige dp hai minh g6 dinh lign cia nhac ev. "ehdp" Tay kép ‘Tay don (W) Thco ee aghe aan, sony isn ehé dan NA ne se Khong od Ee” nly. T2© Te ligu mm nhge cung dink Vitt Nam Mot vai dite diém dm nhc cha "Muedi bin New @ 73"Cie" Ia higu qua eta vige go tay don vao tay kép. Con "ret" Wa higu qua cia vige {quet phian c6 rang cua eta tay dn va tay kép vao ahau. Ky hiu wren ban ky am sehps volo = boo ‘Trong héa tu, bén canh nhigm vy gid nhip va tao ra cde hinh tiét tu, senb tit ga dat toi thacong thuong ° Nga Ng 81 ha ot ha “Long > Long aang dong ° Tier = Tid ihe Mie * won| * Xuan nz | nt He | oe aay | ign fa) | lat ha)} ‘Above, the relationships between the Court ~ Chamber Music of Hug, the music ‘of the Tang theater tradition and the music of Cai luong ~Tai tt of the Southern has been _rpade lear in terms of repertory and mosial content. Although in order to undersiand ‘lly the relationships between these differents genres of Vietnamese classical musi, we must dscust many other elements such as the structure of the pieces, the composition of | he orchestra, principles of performance, vocul techniques, rhythm and the role of -norpitehed percussion instruments. We have left these elements out of the disscussion owing 10 the space constraints of such a shorts book, in favor of focusing on the pieces, the repertory ("bai ban") and melody. Over the course of the preceding discussion, we have seen the similarities and differences between the music of the Tudng theater tradition, the music of the Tudng ~ theater tradition, and the music of Tai tl ~ Cai luong of the Southern in term of repertory fists, “long bin” and "hoi", the most important elements in establishing a foundation for {determining the closeness of these traditional musical genres. N18" © Documents of Vietnam's Court Masie ‘The Relationships between the Court ~ Chamber Music of Hug, .. @ 119= Type of ele smcture without demarcation in which the pieces are continuously payed in o way thot the fist measure ofthe latter pieces appears right after the lst Jpeasure ofthe former pieces without time demarcation between the pieces. = Bpe of ole sructure with demarcation in which between the performed pieces lee is always time demarcation, temporary pause or a linking melody. -Mudi ban New belongs to the type of eycle structure without demarcation. es upwards. In SOME MUSICAL FEATURES OF "MUOI BAN NGU" (TEN KING’S PIECES) In principle, a eyele structure must certainly have at least two fué Court music, we have met the following cycle formations. Formation of tworpieves eycles: = Ma vit ~Mang: Horse's dance ~ Barking deer. + Nam bang Ti ma: Southern country ~ Riding horse. BB nn Neu (Ten King’s Pies) also called Thép thi i haan (Ten continuowsy, played pieces) is cycle which consist of ten pieces. They are: Pid me (Snow flowers), Neuyén tiéw (The (Sth day of the first Lunar Month), H@ Quéng (Music air of China's Hu Nan, Kuang Ts, Kuang Ton Provinces), Lién huxin (Non-stop played piece), Binh ha (Moderating tempo pices), Riy mai (Apricot flowers in the western part of the house), Kim tién (Golden coin), Xudn phong (Spring Wind), Long Hé (Dragon and Tiger) and. | Tita ma (Riding hors), Formation of three-pices eyes: + Cung Ai (Sad Ait) ~ Ma va (Horse's Dance) ~ Nam Bink ating (The ‘moderation of the South ~"The male part), » Bong ~Ma va ~Mang (Flowers - Horse's Danee ~ Barking Deer). Ma vit ~Du xuanr ~Tu ma (Hlorse’s Dance ~S[ring walk ~ Riding Horse). Formation of five-pieces cycles: » Dang di don = Xang xé = Phué lye ~Kén chién ~ Téu ma (Mounting the Exploncde ~simple version ~ Xang x8 ~ Narrative syle ~ Miltary oboe ~ Riding Horse). = Nit dt hucang-Net dot he Long deing- Long ngiim ~Tidi Kc ‘Midi ban Ng) which is rarely In this part, we analyse Micii han Ney from the musieological view in order to clarify some main features of the pieces. ___ Formation of ten-pieces eyele has only one ease (i ‘met in Vigt Nam traditional national music. 1. STRUCTURE, B. SINC :HYTHM ~ DURA " ‘A. STRUCTURE OF THE “TEN KING'S PIECES" CYCLE, ‘ oe 'M~ PURATION UNIT OF PIECE'S STRUCTURE, According to Hué artists, the length ofall the pieces in. Mudi ban Ng is measured ya time unit which is called “single rium’. By this measurement, the length of certain ‘eos in the eye isa follows: Phim wy ~ 48 singe rhythms Nauén vw ~ 32 single thythms. Mudi ban New is classified as the evele siructure. Here, the different pieces ate. arranged, played und combined together to form a cycle, This structure type is rather Popular not only in Hud Court music but also in many sorts of Vigt Nam traditional national music. main types as follows: 120 © Documents of Vietnam's Court Music ‘Some Musical Features of "Murdi bin Nye" (Ten King’s Pieces) ® 124HO Quang = 14 single ehythms. Litn hotn — ~ 38 single rhythms. “The above said way of clapper’s beating is a distinctive phenomenon compared with the beating way of common single rhythm, eee mes one no (On the contrary, if we consider 68 beats in Tl ma a variation time frame ofthe msi 7 23 single shythms -jaditonal single rhythm, the number of rhythvns of this piece will be 68. We are for this view. Kim ign ~ 26 single rhythms : Xin phong ~ 10 single rhythms, Long Hé = 7 single rhythms. Tie ma ~ 34 single shythms. IL MELODY ‘The total time value of each "single rhythm" has four heat units. In performing, 8 hythm is marked by beating sound of the two-sticks clapper on the first beat unit of the four units, I tis lustrated by western musical notation, the time frame of the single | rhythm is equivalent to two 2/4 measures at the moderating tempo. Inti pan, we introduce the most outstanding features inthe melody Tine of Mid an [Np hich are seen inthe whole orn each part ofthe Cele as wel sn the diferent versions A. MELODY COINCIDENCE. In the Cele, we can see a same melody lines wed in two or more eiferent pieces. "They are often the melodies of above five 2/4 measures long upwards and which is ‘capper according to us, enough to express the distinctive musical characteristics of each piece. Beat Below, we present those melody coincidences through the melody part of the "_rstring fide instrument in the concert version recorded in 1996, ‘The time frame of the single rhythm is used in all the collected different versions with no variations except for Ti ma. eyo For example, Pim tuyét has 48 single rhythms then there are 48 beats of wooden clapper instrument Long has 7 single ythms then there ae 7 beats af wooden capper | instrument, Particularly, in Tai ma aocording to the tradional siractre its has 34 single riythms, but there are 68 heats of wooden clapper instrument in the collected different versions. Hence, the time frame of single rhythm i only half of time valu of single shyt xed in the other nine pieces, For example 2) Phim nuyéi Nguyen tidu: there are two cases. The first case: Phim wet aeotmeature én tur Melody of Tau més 5269 measure Clapper boats: = The second case: Tame Map 94.89" madsure: ae . Bone | a eee 122 © Documents of Vietnam's Court Muniz ‘Some Musical Features of "Muri bin Ngo” (Ten Kings Pieces) @ 123bb) Aiguyén du ~Lién hodn: there is one case. 2 aN, 2, The coincidence among the three pieces. Nguyen ts srr measure “There is only one case in Lién hin, Tay mai and Kim ttn, And this coincidence peas tice ech pos I i ad isn the 45 a GS messin Ty 28 measure % ra, itisin the 35-39 and 41-45 measure; in Kine dn it in the 41-45 and 47-51 measure. 29-29 measure Lin hoa: 6-65 measure ©) HO Quang ~ Lién hodn: there is one case. HSeuins in Hon sain pat batwoonsf Tay mai: 4445 measure 1 ducing ane Kin ton: 47-54 measure 4) Ligne hodn ~ Binh bain: there is one case, 3."The coincidence among the four pices. ary ean ee ‘There is only one case among Phédm tuyéi, Nguyén siéu, Bink bdn and Tay mai in ‘which the melody coincidence appears twice in Phim aayéi (at the measure of 15-19 and 3043), ‘The begenning part ot Binh oan 4 3 Phim yet: 39-43 measure 7 ©) Ty mai ~ Kim titn: There is one case which is, as for us, rather special because | of the length of the melody coincidence. We can say that the whole 21 last measure of 214 of these two pieces are the same, Nouyén tigu: 25-27 measure >| a beswoon 2ilast measures Brot anlar Tey ma “Thus the close relationship between the pieces in Mudi bin Nt eycle is formed by the above mentioned melody eoineidence. We can consider that, excluding the three last pieces (Xidn phong, Long Hd, i __ Mid), the seven rest one in Mud bin New eye, more or less, have the same melody line ‘in some parts. Lién hod has five melody lines that are coincident with those of Neagén ‘iu, HO Quang, Bosh ban, Tay mai und Kim tin. This seems to make Ligh hodn become 4 piece where melody lines of other pieces are converged in. Tiy mai and Kim sé bave the longest melody coincidence, accounting for more than one third of the piece’s length. 2h last measures ‘of Kt 124 © Documents of Vietnam's Court Music ‘Some Musical Features of "Mudi bin Nye (Ten King’s Pieces) ® 125Besides, there albo contains a short melody that appears in Lin hodn. This helps to make | the relationship between the pieces closer. (CHARACTERISTIC OF "TEN KING'S PIECES" CYCLE'S MELODIES - ‘THE “GUEST” AIR. Its necessary to mention the melody coincidence in the four pieces: Phim tye, Nexon tiéu, Bink bin and Tiy mai, in which the melody coincidence that appeary twice in Phd suyéi, once in Nguyen tiéu and becomes the joint between Binh bin and Tay mai. This strengthens the unity of the melody line lasting from Phim :uyéj to Ty mai. |As we presented above, all the pieces belonging to Nha nhac system have the fnaracteristics of a kind of sound organization which is called "Guest air by the artists — In Vigt Nam traditional musi, "Guest" air has various nuance, Here we present only the features of "Guest" air seen in Muti bist Nye eye. ‘The melody coincidence in the frst seven pieces in Mul ban Ne eyele certainly f causes two problems : 1. "Guest" air sound scale. Firs, the melody coincidence often causes ficulties in earning by heart etching: “Guest” airs features ate clearly seen due to the existence of the solerunce of some the pieces because it is easy to confuse in the following part after that melody coincidence | scale degrees. That tolerance is a moving pitch distance percepted as tone's folerance in the and partly makes the distinctive characteristics of each pieces fade out. More than that, | relationship with the pitch of other degrees of the sound scale. when the melody coincidence lies in the joint part between two pisces, the border between In the Mudi ban Ne eycle’s pieces, "Guest" air sound scale consists of seven degrees: them does not seem to exist for example in the joint part between 70 Quing and Liga | hey are Ho, Xu, Y, Xang, Xé, Cong, Phan in which Ho and Xy also named as Liu and Jhodn, between Bink bin and Tay mat. ‘U in higher octave. ~ Second, itis the melody coincidence which strengthens the unity in the frst seven pieces of the cycle. Henee, heariny the continuously performing of those seven pieces, seems that this only is a very long piece, but not the seven short pieces combined with one other, We TM "Y" xang x8 lng «Phan In those seven degrees, Hd, Xang and XE have fted pitch, And the rest ones more ‘Today itis very difficult to explain why in the past the method of repeating the | or kess have their own tolerance, especially Xw and Cang have the greatest moving pich above presented melody was often used. Here only some our guesses are presented Below, we introduce the comparison chart of "Guest air sound scale’ pitches and 2 follows temperament scale’ ones through hearing, and practical experienee without the measure ~ Fist, “the author" considers all the pieces of the cycle merely the unseparated | With the acoustic equipments. components of the whole work. ~ Second, in the Mui ban Na cycle, there enist the above said close association ea only in the first xeven pieces and the three rest ones (Xudn phong, Long H6, Tia ma) | have ther distinctive features, Maybe, by these Features, Mudi dan Neu eycle is divided | Tempered scale into two parts: the first part (seven pieces) isthe pieces which have high unity and soe eed the rest part (three pieces) i the pieces which have dfferontiel charactetistios We ean say that, this sa very vital reality which we can no adequately or truly zffect, 6 the western notation Do, Re, Mi. All such pitch signs #,b, #, 8. are unsuitable, Hence ‘we would ike the readers to fongive us For that limstation and know that this is “Guest ir sound seale hut not temperament seale when looking at our notations. Perhaps, that’s why the last four pieces in Mudi ban Ne eyele are separated to integrate with Lit thiy into a five piece eycle. They are: Laue thiy, Kim tien, Xudn hong, Long H8, Ti mat 126 © Documents of Vietnam’ Court Music ‘Some Musical Features of “Micdi bin Neue" (Ten King’s Pieces) @ 1272. Composing method of "Guest" air's melodies. 1) Sound Components. Although the sound seale has seven tones, "Guest" air’s melodies in the Mudi bay. ‘Na cycle are built mainly on the different relatioships of five degrees: HO, Xi Xangy Xe and Cong. ++ The twortone group: = Tears Ho (or Liu (Combining with Hos all the rest four degrees in the main tone component can directly ~ come towards Ho. In that Xang and Cong can come to Ho from two directions: upwards | and downwards, but Xé comes only upwards and Xy downwards. the two degrees of Phan and Y in the form of passaging and mordent tone. This ca: be considered she "colourful" mix in the main pentatonic melody line. According 10 thy artists, this performing way expresses the musicians’ personal emotion when they ar. performing, and it is often used to replace the formal performing way with the sain ‘melody fragment, = ene Xang-Liu Xingu Céng-LiyGéng Liu XB—LU UL “Colourful! performing way: Formal performing way: = Towards Xu (or U): Combining with Xye all Xang, Céng and Hé ean come to Xu from two directions; “only Xe comes upwards. Xang-U Xéng—U Céng-UGéng-U HB XY LX XB -U. = Towards Xang: Combining with Xang: H6 and X¢ e: omes upwards and Cong downwards. ‘come to Xang from two directions, only Xi However that above mentioned phenomenon does not appear often, 'b) Regulation: of tone’s combination. ~ Towards Xe. ‘This can be regarded as the relationship between leading and subbordinating tones. forming "Guest" air melody line. It means that they do not combine with each other freely | but Yin” a certain way. We devide them into two eatgories as folowing: Combining with X@: Only Hé, Xang and Cong are allowed to come direct to Xe. Xang is only allowed to come upwards and Cong downwards. Then it is obvious that Xw never comes directly to XE. 128 © Documents of Vieinam’s Court Music Scruancomn Some Musical Features of “Miedi ban Nee" (Ten King’s Pieces) @ 128 | |Besides, there is also a form of three-tone group formed by the repeat of some tone hhrough the intermediating mordent tone being next to, above or below it. Now, we have seen al the specific tone groups tht expresses the regulation of tone’s combination in “Guest” air melody. Those are the most popular things we kave summed tp om the realty Hee we do not mention the "exceptional or “rarely used! cases, These fone groups can be regarded as the smallest melody units "pot together" in various ways = nd they have formed the whole "Guest" air melody line. Txe Liu - x8 Xang - x0 Cong ~ x0 ~ Towards Cong: Like Xe, when combining with Cong, Xu is not allowed to come directly to Cong | ‘And as for Xang and HO, they both ean come to Cong trom two directions; X€ only comes | HB=Cng Liu -Cong xang—Cong Xang ~Cong xB - Gang (Gxtract fom Nguyen teu) © The threetone group: ~ Towards HO (or Liu): «) Relationship between leading and subordinating tones. We call the leading tone appearing often’ at ending points of # musical sense, a If we apply China music concepts, all the "Guest" air pieces can be classified as Zhe and Gong modes of China music at the first time. GONG Ss Xang Xd Cong Liu Xu Xang Xe eng Bur as itis sid inthe part B.1, the pitches of "Guest ai sound seale degrees do sot completely coincide withthe pitches of the degrees in the same positon in Zhe and Gong modes of China music. In addition, after surveying the pieces of Mud bin Ne yee, we find that each of = five tones: Ho, Xu Xang, X€ and Cing ean be dominant with the role of lading tone Therefore, we deve the composing method of "Guest" sir’s melodies into two kinds of 130 © Documents of Vienam’s Court Music ‘Some Musical Features of "Mudi bin Ng (Ten King’s Pieces) @ 131~The first Kind: HO and Xang are the leading tones in the relationship with Xu, ‘and Cong being the subberstinating tones. ~The second kind: Xy, X@ and Cong are the leading tones in the relationship wit Ho and Xang being the subbordinating tones. ‘We find that in the first kind, the role as dudling tones of HO and Xang are rathe balanced, no tone is dominant. That's wiy, when the piece’s melody ends at Ho degree. ‘or Xang degree, it gives us the same stable feeling. In the second kind, the roles as lead tones of Xi and Xé are a bit more dominant than Céng's The two above-mentioned kind of relationship hetween leading and subordinate tones ane sometimes ether micly combined or clear separated in al the "Guest" at's pieces, Considerating every piece in Mzbi ban Nex eyele, we think that the second kind (with Xu, Xe and Cong a the min tones) manifest iself te mast cleanly such pieces as Lin ‘hodn, Binh ban and Kim sién. The fost kind (with HO and Xeng as the mai ‘outstanding in Phin up (the frst piece of the Cyele) and in Xudn phong, Long Hé, Ti ‘nd (Hhree lst pleces of the Cycle). Inthe rest pieces are the combination and mix of the both kinds of the relationship between leading and subordinating tones. Besides, in reality there are many ornaments of which real sound effects can not be pressed accurately in European notation. This explain why those who wont 1 play the sical instruments and to learn singing should understand the "soul" of "musical word! fom the artist master but not trom a musical score. : From this real situation we think that some method should be found for better So far, we have realized that only the method of representing sound on graph in ~ main figures can partly solve the above-said matter. We all know that sound is often represented on two-anis graphs of which oo axes are correspondent to two its main characteristics as pitch and duration Phen Duration 3. Ornament’s method, In Viet Nam traditional mosic, in general, ornamentation of seale degrees is very important factor, it prineipates in forming the charaeteristis of each sort of musi Oe x In Hué Court music, ornamentation of scale degrees has rather high regulation, itis a w LL fone of elements to determine charaeteristies of each sort of musical air, ~(-80) 2m many cixes, one ai ean be differentiated from another immediately only through {heir omamentation of scale degrees, Even when just some omaiment tones are played, the listeners can realize at once what air that musie belongs to ‘As many above mentioned ornaments can be represented in the musical five-ines, here we just use graphic method to represent only the complicated ornaments, which the By saying this, we affirm that in the short moments of music with thei density of ‘Western musical notation can not describe. sound, she anumentaton of scale degrees i the most important element combining vith seal element tose at, Pethaps, it that reson for whch degecs in the mal ele ae often ele “cha dan (musical word) by artists of tational mascimplyng tat they have fixed tone?! Please take not that, we merely want to make,a study of the nature of the ‘Omamentation of "Guest" scale degrees but have not intended 10 suggest a new type of ‘musical notation. For that reason, in all musical notation parts in this book, we still use —ppoggiatura as ornament’s signs but do not use other complex characters. We would like faders to compare ornaments of each scale degrees with what we presented inthis section ‘when you are researching them. Here ornaments are formed not only by the tones separated from the main tone by 3 second hut they are ao formed by tones far away from the main tone, even an octave | more, 132 © Documents of Vietnam's Court Mh ‘Some Musical Features of "“Mucdi bin Ng” (Ten King’s Pieces) @ 133speci, for the two degrees as HO and Xang, ths omament often goes more spine In that, te starting pint moves from sone pot below the main tone an aoe the appoegiatra, after that comes down tothe appoggatura and then comes upto aie co ) te «The fourth’s appogyiatura used for the two degrees: Ho and Xang. ‘ ‘Xang, Xe and Cong. ) Vibration Xv (U) and Cong are two vibrated degrees. This is the most major characteristic omamentation of the "Guest" air sound scale degrees. It can be heard easily in "Guest! pieces wien their melodies do not pass quickly. : 1) The appoggianura above the main tone: ao J «The fifth’s appoggiatura used for the four degrees: HO, Xu, Xé and Cong. SSS | ye «The sth’s appoggitur ane for the two degrees: Xw and Cong. [ “The spesil thing is tht this ornament oft goes very fat and at that time, the starting point often moves within the distance below the second’s tone and above the main tone, For ample -30) The thirds appoggiatura used for two degrees: Xw and Cong. SS = 4) The mordent above the main tone: The second’s mardent used for all five degrees: Ho, Xv, Xang, Xé and Cong. ©) The appoggiaaure below the main tone: » The second’s appoguiatura used for the two degrees: Xw, Ke, Cong. xy we pL «The third’s mordentust seen in using for the two degrees: Xu and Cong. ~ The third’s appoggiatura used for the three degrees: Ho, Xang and Cong, ae ‘Some Musical Features of “Muoi bin Neue" (Ten King’s Pieces) ® 135 134 © Documents of Vietnam's Court Musica mament ako goes rather complicatedly. In fact, the starting point often movey “the ulstaice below the thirds tone and above the main tone, after that comes t the mui cone ‘and then becomes the mordent, This is a rather unique feature of the eo AA TF ‘omaments and exploit the most potential number of ornaments. So, omaments of scale degrees in different versions of Midi bain Ngu cycle also have the "elasticity" in number. 380) III. MUSIC OF INSTRUMENTS WITHOUT FIXED TONE. ©) The appoggiaiura in combination with the mordent: There will be a gap if music of instruments without fixed tone is not mentioned. it + In combination with the second's mordentaised for all five degrees: Ho, Xu, Xang ‘a rather important component which contributes to the total effect of Mud bin New Xé and Cong. Underneath are some usual cases For example: id enhancing the melody. Besides it also plays an important roe in strengthening tine = juding more adequacy and harmony of the orchestra. More than that, as pure rhythmic ruments, it expresses rhythmie regulation of pieces. © Now, we present the musi¢ of instruments without fixed tone in performing Mui “hin Nag cycle basing on the variation which was recorded in June 1996 as a basis for ‘A. CLAPPER, Just lke its denomination, here "phiich" (ctapper) plays a role of rhythm maintainer. Je. it ensures regular steps of the rhythm with expression of single rhyzloat” regulation in Now we cin realize the ornaments of the "Guest ait sound scale degrees in the | mudi hin Nig ce relationship of the tive degrees: Ho, Xv, Xang, X@ and Cong. Those are specific omaments Of sound seale degrees. However, in real life, they are not alvays present on the "Guest! air melody lin. According to our observation, to wha extent those ornaments are used ‘depends closely on such elements as melodie pattern, rhythm, talent and : lodic .thythm, talent a ophysiolo state of the performers. ” momen In our opinions, here there should be a general view to generalize the matter because the ornamentation of scale degrees plays an important role in forming distinctive features and characteristics of the "Guest air. All the ornamentations we have presented are sumed up from sounding materials of "Guest" air pieces. In addition to that, we also have | (0) Sex above "Siructure ofthe Cyl, section B “Sincere ~Single Rhythm 136 © Documents of Visinam’s Court Music ‘Some Musial Features of "Muti ban Nee” (Ten King’s Pieces) ® 137Ci" is resulted by beating the single handle onto the double handle. And "ret" is jted by scratching serrations of the double and single handles. Theit notations are = a B. CUP. Musically speaking ike clapper, cup here plays a role of rhythin maintainer, In th isochronic rhythm unit's time value is equal 1/8 elapper’s shythm value in the first nin pieces and 1/2 clapper’s rythm value in Ti ma. Besides in melody’s demarcation oftes ‘occurs heterochronie rhythm like tremolo. es 1. ee nee 4 —— iB ie 3 7 = ‘ on SESS ES In performing, apart from the role of rhythm maintainer and creating rhythmic pattems, sapeke capper i considered a predominant instrument in adding more timbre fo the orchestra Here, while the double handle plays the role of rythm maintainer only with one “chronic rhythm, the single handle with pereussing onto the double handle, create rether 1s posse say that hiss kind of instrument which technically complcneg_|_S7M=* MMMnmie Peers: Below arenes common pate for us to use, With lithe and harmonious movements, it brings in not only pure sou eda Ford fect but abo eesti plese ofthe dancing att ade May be, that ran ; performing this instrument js often called in two different ways ~ ie. to play the sape 3 Slpper an once mh apekeelopper C. SAPEKE CLAPPER, — 5 ‘The three above-suid rhythmic patterns ure spontanously combined throughout the gee. Basing on a actual sound effect of the sapeke clapper we devide its timbre into three | Aifferent types which are correspondent to the three onomatops: "chp", "cic’, "ret". "Chap! to the timbre of the double handle, resulted by clapping two joined wooden pieces of t instrument ; ). SET OF THREE SMALL GONGS®). “syetdn" Set of three small gongs hus been an idiophonic instrument without fixed tone. It provides us three tones with differen pitches. in real if, they are used very spontanously. That means to each thythmie pattern, the artists can use high, middle or low tones freely, not in any order. So, in the notation we just write its rhythmic fine on one fine. serrations In the orchestra performing Mudi ban Ngv cycle, according to our observation, set Of three small gongs seems to play the role of accompanying, immitating rhythmic pattern the melody part with many typical syncopes. Double handle Single handte (1) tn fac, cach gong ofthis 0 has own Tac pith. Bu they are wed vo perform rhythmic patra ofthe ies like over astrament wins fad tom Tait oom fs packs hive no nd to synchrony {he ch of pec scale degree, () Aecording to former Cour musician in Ha, inthe pat in Nha nije orcestra there was not this CoP 138 @ Documents of Vietnam's Court Music ‘Some Musical Features of “Murbi bin New" (Ten King’s Pieces) @ 139tL prefs iffet SSSR Three ama! gonos | ee aia Besides, in peuses of the melody, set of three small gongs often “Bills a gap" wi isochronic and heterochronie rhythms. e fé 6 ‘Three small gongs a Ea SESE Pag ‘Three small gongs eee SSS E. SMALL DRUM. We device small drum’s timbre into three sorts: "Tom" fs to beat springing drumsticks on drum’s membrane. "Ce is beat drumsticks on drum-barrel, LS "Rup" is to beat pressing drumsticks on drum’s membrane, == Sign: ‘Sign: Sign: 140 © Documents of Vietnam's Court Music All these patterns have combined with one another very is. We have listed nine main rhythmic patterns. Among that thefe is one "monotinbre Pern ("cdc") and eight "polyrimbre" patterns (tom, “ele, "ryp"). ‘Monotimbre: @ Out of nine above-mentioned patterns, the "monotimbre" pattern appears the most redominant with its eontinuous presence (two ~ three times at the same time). ly to. make rhythmic Tine of small drum in accompaniment in the first eight pieces and the first half of Long 16, And from the second balf of Long H6 to the end of Ti md, small drum mainly creates isochronie rhythms as 2 rhythm maintainer. ‘Some Musical Features of "Muvi bin Ngw” (Ten King’s Pieces) # 141Every rhythmic pattern created by small drum in the first eight pieces and having ‘he length of two ‘single rhythm” time frame of the melodic pattern (four 2/4 measures makes equal demarcation in the process of development of music. ‘When carrying out analysis of the musical seore, we realize that most of the pass in the rhythmic line coincide with the demarcations of rhythmic patterns of small drum, | especially in pieces with even number of “single rhythm” time frame such as Phiim nel (48 shythms), Nguyen ride (32 rhythms), HO Quding (14 rhythms), Lién hodn (38 rhythms), | Binh bin (44 rhythms), Kim sé (26 shythms). And as for the pieces with odd number of “single rhythm" time trame as Tay mai (23 rhythms), in its adjoining pars with two pieces Proceeding and following it there is a dsorder of above-sid hythmic pattems. Of course, the artists playing the small drum will cover it with very spontannous and sensible rhythmic fragments, 142 © Documents of Vietnam's Court Music PHAN Il - PART IL TU LIEU AM NHAC MATERIALSAnh tw ligu cha nha sie hge Phan Thudn An cung cfip Photographs of Historian Phan Thudn An we 2, Nhém nbge cing trong Hong thank thinh Hud. Daw th ly) XX. Palace's instrumentalist group. Early XXth eentury.SACH HAN NOM GHI NHAC PHO HAN-NOM SCRIPT’S BOOK OF MUSIC SCORES 8. Mla Van trong IE ts Nam giao, Civil Dance in Saexifize tothe Sy and the Barth Folicmuse instrumentals in FHué, 1918, ttnuancov ‘Sich Hin Nom ghi nhoc phd @ 14Spe is fe ans et ye a fh fe & pl v ah ‘Sich Hin Nam gh nhac ph @ 147 Be 14 o MAE” Samide sole!” anghohl woth det 2 any) aovlel ae) ante) aed abt yo) @ owed dee de ded Xd te ta da Le wi ee oe Ee : * det Le hee ote wes opin) dee eptete) dic deeded vatel cote dee” te oes ded de oR ee Sate) f \ de See Bu sung inh Viet Nam M46 Tie liu diihe etd eel che eh cat det ae ek al ok eles” alee wale RE he® dike 2a a oS leo get obs driv de XS ome de tre ARS > ees ‘hi nhac phd @ 149 Séeh Han Nom COE wor oes 2G mee woe oes Xe epi ted gee} abel woe sey) and ant anal obledebeh al plolelale) ales) eo de walt de de We oe ae ae od CW de ole oe ng dinh Viet Nam ‘hae eum 148 © Tie lien domwide Qedel deb a te when gee ges det aol de do mets de hoe BoP ot oe ok mere cee det (egan hed oe) alee op dat olebelel del gol dee eae de det det eo hi nhac phd @ 181 ‘Sach Han Nom Capes Qe WOR werk males olst WHE ClP vat det older del Wade dee viedo woldel get ab at Wee Pet ope def dol ee x aides et WOE eho Re? oles Yak SH ior ors dt (howe ng dinh Viet Nem 150 © Tie ligu dm nhac eunhit daeaeguetce dae G ie” eh eee’ bleuedicr 6 Siew ey dete” ral eal” eeaenid” HX ROA Ebapwd” radiated 2d" wee Crewe ee eyo” Pewee veal nl Pel” eden” ‘Sich Han Nom ghi nhge phd ® 153 enlick iow AR ap leap ie ey ied 29 w) ae) 4) dak arbasl as} dor eles) ae) ate) dat uptes ae dade Xo oe 6 de avg CHE Seer Ce Woe ao L eee dt was aed wn get 152 @ Tw ligu dm nhac cung dink Viet NamP- HRP EES WH Pp roe rire phe Peder ES oe FESS Homey YP wR ear ea Be RM EN YAR ar yn @ KAN SL awe oH WH XE WHELAN GX wwe RMN HKAK ARK Hwan SRM Nw RA ATT fo ates BK ‘Slich Han Nom ghi nhac ph @ 155 184 © Tic ligu don nhac cung dink Viét NamSesewenw 24 Galler red dem Ped Gale’ Pee ex KP Ete P-L ep reef Shrew €FPe eer So pep PPe resew eyes es PH sree vw PPE Pere eee eeHres Ed eay Se pe EC Tae Ee S pw Hp ere NWSEd yee Pee BEY Sree ... OT fiw xang u xing u soe in of adap = onan ee ee eee —_ (da tusdegelis st mg cing = at te cingluetagit cing a7 sangha = eee eee ee ‘Ling ban “Mucvi bin New" © 218_ cong xé — xang wliu —cOnglivedngré xang it xang it xang~ = S sang xé rang ton xé rang. ang xé tin xing fiw cong x6 cong ta. “cing tin xing ulin cong xe ang xé cong edn wt xing uw cong fia x8 ns liu cng 1 uw tw cong tu tin xing w sé NGUYEN TIEU ~ mene xing uF xdng ulin cong liu cong xé ang u fiw wxdng tu ung ow “ yoy fiw cong tin tw cong we xang 38 sing ning | tn uw xing iw xang tw ulin cong iw congxé —_xang ho xang x6 wxdng tu uxing tin ean tn uti J cong xe congxexang it hd wd xang x8 sang xe 0 ee w xing Ling iin “Medi ban New" © 2 216 © Fir bigu dim nhae cung dink View NamHO QUANG ho xang it tn cong xe congxé ang xé u Iu cong ‘onlin cong ho cong x8 fusing ulin cong xe xamg xé cong tn xang tonxang 7 sik sang cong ha in cong fiu iu xé cong, tin ttu cong xtc hd xt xamg cng xé xang cong xe tin cong x6 Lu liu cong fiw liu cong xé 1 cong xécimgxéxang hd xt xang xitxang ho cong eee ton xang cong liu cong tia iu xang & ang xe tin cong tin cong x6 rang xitxang x xang xe cong xé —xang ton ho cong ho xit ang ho sang xi thm a v J itd iy LIEN HOAN SS cong congliu x8 cong xB cong xéxang —xtt ho xi cong x@ 7 congxé xang x6 eine tin — iw xing ulin U8 © Te lifu dim nhce eung dink Viet Nam Long ban “Mucbi ban Nee’ @ 219ho smmg ate tin ing tnt meng u liu congliucong.xé xang cong xe xang_ cong xang x6 cong xé ang xe tin xé ulin congliucongxé xang xie——xang ho cong cong céng liu xé cong xé xang xa vit cong hi Tit song hd te ton wring u ta OT exang ho range tng cong x8 xang cong xitxang —xé xang x8 cong uxdng wile cong tin cong tin ew xing xding wt BinH BAN xécongxang xt hd wie xang x cOngxé ——xang_-xé cong x6 cong xé ang xé cong liu cong x _xangedng sé xangedng x8 liu liuxdng ula cong x6 xang cong xirxang xe xang x6 cong lin cong xe _xang xiv = xang ho xe cong 160 thw 1 cong — xb cong xe xang xu ho xi xang x8 cong x6 uxdng —uliucingliu —xé cong liu xe cong 220° © Tie liu dim whe cung dink Vier Nam ‘Ling bin "Muri bin New” ® 221xang xi 7" xang it xang ho x8 cong xé xang ton wxdng ulin ing w singin tin fu ong tia li come ti xing Tin cing ton cong iu a thn xing u xing in tn NS wie xang 7 wie xang xang/ = ha tinxang = hole xang wit mang x8 cng au ttw cong. iu cing J} liu x8 cong tintin cng xe ang xi cing tn congk xang lin uw liu cong w li sang xé—xang cong xe xangT x6 cong ou liu xang xitxang hd x8 cong xécongxéxang xt hd xé cong xéxang xé cong u fiw xis xang x6 xang sir xang_xé xan} xécing xéxang—xit xéxang 0 xit ho xt xang : —— xang congxé — xang xé cong tin cng. tu xé_ cong xécongxéxang wie xéxang hd xt 7 tin 222 © Tie ligu dm nhoe cung dink Vier Nam ‘Ling bin “Mui bin Nee" @ 223Kiwi THEN | céngho xirxang _x€ cong ho xang cong xé xang xit xéxang hd sit xéxécong sang liu ton wing xing cong tw tin 1} ou tiv cong uliw fF xé xamg cog ulin 1 cong xe J xéxang —xithd xitxang _xé cong hd xang cong xé.xang —xitxé xang XUAN PHONG. - ie) tara ho xiexang ho xé xang xi xang ho xitxang xé cong xé xanghocong lia xe tn tin xéing u iw — wang tin x8 cing x u liveong ia sé tin tiuxingulin | congtin — tiwxingulin 7 xe thn wie xe xang hd xiexang ho liu iu ho xang = a cong ulin 1 cong xb ang hd sitxang _xé eéng.xé —xang hécdng tit zit xang liu cong “xé cing -xécOng xéxang x hd xtc xe xangxéxang —xitxanghxie _xang tin cong x¢ cong sang xt ang iu liwcing lit cong liu cong xé xé lia xang tn cong x6 cong xang xéxang cong hoxirxang xé u lin —céng lin cng.xé xang xé xari 224 @ Tu lieu daw nhee ung dinh Viet Nam Ling bin “Muti bin Nee" @ 225liu congliu —_x€ cong xang x@ 1 xang TAU MA a xang fa) ett en) u liu cong = cing st-xang 7 congxé sang cing xt - xe tw cong xé aang céngxé—xang_ it fia hot tn tin tw cong xé cong. tw fu tus tia xé lin cone tia cong xe ait xan; xe xan Ea cong xéxang {cong xé —xang_ cong congtin in tw 4” xdng xeon xé cong x6 xang. 226 @ Tie ligu dm nlige cung dink Vigt Nom ‘Ling bin "Mucoi ban New” @ 227"MUOI BAN NGU", BANG THU NAM 1996 Ghi am: Bui Trong Hién "TEN KING’S PIECES". RECORDED 1996 Translated by Bai Trong Hién “Mucdi hain gue”. Baing thu ndim 1996 © 229PHAM TUYET Sao Neguyée Tam Ty ba Nai Hé Phiich Chen Xenh ién Tam dm ta] Trong Bein 230° @ Tir liu dim nhac eng tinh Viet Nam “Mucdi bin New. Bang thu ném 1996 © 231232 © Tw lidu dm nhac cung dink Viet Num "Mucdi bin New". Bang thu nam 1996 ® 233234 Fir ligu dm ahce cung dink Viet Nam : "Mirbi bin Nee". Bang thu nim 1996 © 235236 © Tie lifu dm noe cung dinh Vigt Nam "Mucdi bain Nee’. Bang thu nam 1996 © 237238 © Tur ligu dim hac cung dink Viet Nem : "Mucdi bin Nee". Bang thu nitm 1996 239240° © Tie liéu dim nhac enng din Vit Nam "| ws tancom “Muedi bn Nate’. Bang thu nam 1996 @ 241242. © Tir liéu dm nha cung dink Viet Nam “Mucdi bain Neve’. Bang thu nam 1996 @ 243244 & Tu fig im nbc cumg dinh Viet Nam "Muri bin Nu". Bang tha ndim 1996 248246 © Te liu dm nhc cung dink Viet Nam "Murdi bain Neue". Beng thu ndim 1996 @ 247248. © Tir lidu dim nhac eung dink Viet Nam . “Micdi ban Nw". Bang thu nam 1996 @ 249HO QUANG 250° © Tie litu dm nhac eung dinh Viet Nam “Webi ban New". Bang thu nam 1996 @ 281By LIEN HOAN 252 @ Tir litu din nhac eung dink Viet Nam "Mucdi bin Neue”. Bang thu nam 1996 @ 253254 © Te lieu dm nhae cxmg dinh Viet Nam q "Mucdi bain Ngo”. Bang thu nim 1996 © 255256° @ Tw ligu din ahoe cung diah Viet Nam Hi "Micoi bin Nee". Bang thu nim 1996 @ 257258 @ Ti lifu din nhac cung dink Vier Nam in New". Bang thu ndim 1996 @ 259260° Ti liéu din nhac cung dink Vie Nam . “Miedi bin Neue". Bang thu ndm 1996 @ 261262. © Tie ligu dim nh cung dink Viti Nam 3 "Muedi bain Neve”. Bang thu nitm 1996 @ 263264 Ti lieu din nhac cung dink Viet Nam a "Mucéi bain Neve". Bang thu nim 1996 © 265266 @ Te liu dm mhge cung dinh Viet Nam "Muedi bin New". Bang thu nam 1996 @ 267268 © Tie ligu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam “Muedi bin Neue". Bang thu nam 1996 @ 269210 @ Te liéu dm nhac cung inh Viet Nam ‘ "Murdi bin Neue”. Being thu ndim 1996 @ 271272 © Tw ligu ém mhac cung dink Viet Nam © | 8 -rancowm "Mua ban New”. Bang thu nam 1996 © 273214 © Tie lifu dim nhac cung dink Vide Nam 2 “Murti ban New". Bang thu nm 1996 @ 275216 © Tw liu dm nhac cumg dinh Vit Nam "Mucdi bin Ngue’. Baing thus nim 1996 @ 277278 © Te ligu dm nhge eung dinh Viet Nam fp “Whedi bin Neve". Bang thu nam 1996 @ 279280. © Ti liéu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam a "Muebi ban New. Bang thu nam 1996 © 281282 @ Tie liéu Gm nhac cung dinh Vids Nam : "Mudi bin New’. Bang thu nam 1996 © 283284° © Te litu dm abe cung dinh Viet Nam “Micii bin Nove". Bang thu nm 1996 @ 285286. © Tir ligu dm nhac cung dinh Viet Nam “Musi bin Neue”. Bang thu nam 1996 ® 287288° Tw litu dim nhac cung dink Viet Nam ao "Mucii bin Neue". Bang thu nam 1996 @ 289290° @ Tie lidu dm nhac eung dinh Viet Nam E "Muedi bain Neve’. Bang thu ném 1996 ® 291292° Tir litu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam g "Mucii bin Ngw". Bang tue nim 1996 © 293294 © Te ligu dm nhge cung dink Viet Nam i “Mucbi bin Ngo". Bang thu nim 1996 @ 295296° Tic liéu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam “Muciri ban New". Bang the nam 1996 @ 297298 © Te litu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam ; "Muiri ban New". Bang thu ndim 1996 @ 299"MUOI BAN NGU". BANG THU NAM 1950 Ghi am: Bui Trong Hien "TEN KING’S PIECES". RECORDED 1950 ‘Translated by Bai Trong Hién “Mucdi bin Neue’. Bang thu ndim 1950 © 301PHAM TUYET Séo Nauyge Tam TY ba NAL Phach Tam dm ta Trong Bain 302 © Tu litw im nhac cung dink Viet Nam “Murdi bain Neve". Bang thu nam 1996 ® 303304 © Tw ligu dim nhac cung dink Viet Nam "Murda Ng Bag te nam 1950 ® 308306 @ Tw ligu dm nhge cung dink Viet Nam “Mirdi bin New". Bang thu nim 1950 @ 307308 © Ti liéu dm nhac eung dink Vitt Nam "Mui bain New". Being thu nam 1950 © 309BO © Te lidu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam °Mucdi bin Nee". Bang, thu nm 1950 311312 Tie lieu ame nhac cung dinh Viét Nam “Mucri bin Ngee. Bang tha ndm 1950 @ 31334 @ Tie ligu dm nhaw cung dinh Viet Nom "Murdi ban New’. Bang thu nam 1950 @ 3153G © Tie ligu dm nhae cung dink Vier Nam "Mucdi bin Neve". Bang thu néim 1950 @ 37BB © Te liéu dm nhac cung dinh Viet Nam “Muri bin Neve". Bang thu nam 1950 6 319320 © Te ligu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam "Mardi bin Neve”. Bang thu nam 1950 © 321322 Tr liu am nbc cung dink Vide Nam of “Muedi ban Neu". Bang thu ndim 1950 @ 323LIEN HOAN 324 © Tie ligu dm nhge cung dink Viet Nam “Mucdi hin Neue”. Bang thu nam 1950 @ 325"Wed bn Ngo”. Bang thu nm 1950. @ 327 326 © The léu dm nhc cung dinh Vit Nom ‘Murti bin New". Bang328 Ti ligw dim nhac cung dink Viet Nam “Micdi bain New". Bang tha nam 1950 @ 329 enc eR380. @ Tie liu dm nhac cung dink Viet Nam "Mucdi bin New". Bang thu nam 1950 © 331382 @ Ti liéu dim nha cung dinh Vio Nam "Murdi bain Neue”. Bang thu nam 1950 © 333BINH BAN 334@ Te lieu dm nhac cung dinh Vite Nam “Mubi bin New". Bang thu nim 1950 @ 335336. © Tir lidu dm nhac cung dink Vier Nam 2. Tuancovn “Mica ban Neue”. Bang thu ndim 1950 & 337388° © Te ligu dm nhge cung dinh Vie Nam “Mucdi bin Ngw”. Bang thu nam 1950 @ 339340 Tie liu din nhoe cung dinh Vit Nam "Murbi bain New". Bang thu nam 1950 ® 341342-6 Tie ligu dim nhge cung dink Viet Nam “Miedi ban Nee". Bang tha nam 1950 © 343BAL & Tu lieu Gm nhac cuny dinh Viet Nam "Muci bain New’. Bang thu nam 1950 ® 348TAY MAI M6 Tie ligu dm nhac eung dinh Vitt Nam "Mardi bain Neve’. Bang thu nam 1950 © 347BAS © Tir ligu im nhac eung dinh Viet Nam : “Mucti bain Nee”. Bang the niim 1950 & 349| BM8 © Tie lidu sim nhac cung dink Viet Nam “Muroi bin Neue”. Bang thu ndim 1950 © 349350° Tie liéu dim nhac eung dink Viet Nam "Mucdi bin New’. Bang tha nam 1950 ® 381KIM TIEN 352 © Tie lieu dim nhac eung dink Viet Nam 2 -TuMcom "Moi ban Neue. Bang thu nam 1950 © 383384 © Te liu dm nlc cung dink Viet Nam “Meri ban gut. Bag tha nam 1996 © 358356. © Tir lieu dim nhac cung dink View Nam358 @ Ti lieu dm nhac eung dink Viet Nam "Mico bain Neue". Bang thu nim 1950 ® 359360 & Tu lieu dim nhac cung dink Viet Nam ‘ “Muri bin Nee’. Bang thu nim 1950 361362. © The litu dm nie cung dink Viet Nam q "Mudri bain Nur’. Bang tne ndim 1950 ® 368361 © Tir liu dim whee eung dink Viet Nam ‘Mieii bin New”. Bang thu néim 1950 & 368366 © Tir lium nhac cung dink Viet Nom “Mirdi bain New® Bang thu ndim 1950 @ 367368 © Ti liéu dim nhae eung dink Viet Nam | e Tuancow “aucri hain Neue. Bang thu niimn 1950 & 309“Mir hin Neue Being thu nan 1950 & 371"MUOI BAN NGU". BANG THU NAM 1977 Ghi am: Huy Tran "TEN KING’S PIECES". RECORDED 1977 ‘Translated by Huy Tran “Miwahi in New”. Being thu nim 1977 © 373PHAM TUYET Tranh Neuyet Phiich 374 © Tr ligu dm nhae cang dink Viet Nam “Muir bin Neve”. Bang thu ndim 1977 @ 318376 @ Tue lig im nhc cung dial Vigt Nam i dm nhac cag inh Vit N ] “Mid ban News Bang thu nim 1977 @ 377318 Tie ligu don nhc ciang dinh Viét Nam “Muri hain Nar’ Bang thu ndim 1977 © 379NGUYEN TIEU 380 © Ti lida dim nhac eune dink Viet Nam "Mucni bin Nige”. Bang thu miim 1977 #381382.6 Ti ligu dim nhac cung dink Viet Nam : "Mucdi ban Neu". Bang thu nim 1977 © 383HO QUANG Nh Tranh Neuyet Phéich 3840 Pr liéu dm hoe ung dinh Vide Nam 25 TLANcOW “Miri ban Nee". Bang the ndm 1977 @ 385LIEN HOAN hi Trank Neuve Phiich 386 © Tie lidu dm nlige cung dink Viet Nem “Micdi bin Neve’. Bang thu nam 1977 @ 387388° © Tir Liew dim nhge cung dink Viet Nam “Michi bin Ngte’. Bang thu nam 1977 @ 389BINH BAN Nht Tranh Neuygt Phéc| 390 @ Te ligu dim nhac eung dink Viét Nam “Mucdi bin Neve". Bang thu ndm 1977 @ 391392 Tir lidu dm noe eung dinh Viet Nam "Mucdi bin New". Bang thu ndm 1977 @ 393394° @ Te ligu dm nhac cung dink Vier Nam “Michi bin Neue’. Bang tha nim 1977 @ 398TAY MAL Nh Tranh Neuyet Phéch| 396. @ Te lieu dim nhac cung dink Viet Nam “Miri bain Note’. Bang thu nam 1977 @ 397Tranh Nguyét Phiich “Muedi bin Neve”. Bang thu nam 1977 @ 399 398° Te liu dm nhce cung dink Viét Nam "Mueri bin New". Bang chu na400° Tie ligw dim nhew crmg dink Viet Nam a TaNcoMN "Murbi bain New Bang thu nam 1977 @ 401XUAN PHONG 8. Xuan Phong Nhj Tranh Neuyee Phéich 402° Tir lieu dim nhc cag dink Viet Nam “Michi bai Nee. Bang thu nit 1977 @ 403LONG HO hi Tranh Naguyet Phéich TAU MA | Nhi Tranh Neuyet Phéich| 104 © Tie lieu dm nhac cung dinh Viet Nam i i | 1 i i “Mucdi bain Neve". Bang thu nam 1977 @ 405196 © Tie litu dm nhige cung dink Viet Nam “Mucdi bin Neue”. Bang thu nam 1977 ® 407CAC NHAC CU CUA DAN "TIEU NHAC" ‘MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF THE "SMALL MUSIC’ ORCHESTRA an tam Sho Ban nguyee "a dts b> 1 an na Dan hd 108 Tie lieu dim nhac cung dinh Viet Nam Cac nhge eu cia din Tiéu nhac” & 409chen én tin Tidng ban 410° Tie litu dm nhae cung dink Vier nam TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHiNH REFERENCE |. HOANG YEN; ‘La musique & Fug, Bulletin des Amis da Vieux Hus, Jul ~Sope,, 1919, (Am nhoe Hud Ky you Hoi Nhimg ngvei ban Hug of. Thing 7~8, 1919) 2. Kham dinh Dai Nom hoi dién su i. Neb. Thusn Ha. 16 tap, Hus, 1998 (Repertory of the Administrative Regulation in the Kingdom of Dai Nam, ‘Thuan Hoa Publisher. 18 volumes. ue, 1998), 3. KIM YONG BONG: ‘Tranamission and changes of Tiéu nhge throught the score in the XXLN century. Spach i fhe Ist Conference of Vietnam study. Hanoi, 1998, ate tryin ot big dick Tid whge qua ede bin ghi trong the bj XX. Tham Iain Hoi snahi Viet Nam hoe lén tht bt, Ha Nok, 1998) 4. KNOSP (G): Za musique indochinoise. Bulletin francaise de la Société internationale de Musique 38 annde: NY, 18 Sept, 1907 Am nhae Deng Dzong. Ki yf Php van ota Hot &m nhac $6 9, ngay 15463007), 18, Nim thet ba ey: Musique ennamite~Airstraditionnelles, Balletin des Amis du Vieux Hus, Oot. ~Dée, 1922 (dm nhge An, Nane— Nhung hot yin thing. Ky yéu Hei Nang neti ban Hue ob ‘Thing 10 “12, 1922), 6. LE QUY Don: ‘Kit van tits iue. Neb. Sit hoe. Ha Nei, 1968, (Smait notes from book reading. History" Publisher. Hanoi, 1968) 7. LE TAC, ‘An Nam chi lage. Bin thio bin dich, Thu vién Vim Am nec (A Bridged history of Annan. Manuscript of the translation, Libraty of Institute of Musicology) Tai litu tham Khio chink ~Reference @ 411INGO ST LIEN: ai Vige et hy roan the. Tap I, U, IL, IV. Neb, Khoa hoe 38 bei, Ha Noi, 1998. (Phe Compt bok of story of Ded Viet Vo. U, , IV "Soil Scien? Publisher. Hanoi 1998, NOUYEN VAN HUYEN: Gép phan nghien eu vin héa Viet Nam. Neb. Khoa hye xt hg. Ha Nei, 1996. (Contribution to the study of Vietnamese Culture. "Socal Sclenoes" Publisher. Hanoi, 1996). - OSHIO SATOMI: Court musie of modern society. A report of the project to revitalize Vietnamese Court music fn Hud Specch ia the Ist Conference of Vietnam Stay. Hane, 1988, (ha hoe tong 3 Ra Al det Bao cd 8 cu Gn am s6ng gk Nha nhge Vit Name tei RUE Fh fa He np Wg Narn oe lin th a. Ha NS, 1990), PHAM DINH HO: Va trang ty but, Nx, Ted Think ph6 H6 Chi Minh, 1989. Un rainy day, writting under the mood. “Youth Publisher. HoChiMink City, 1989). PHAN HUY CHU: eh triQu hid ehuong lagi chi. Nx. Khas hes x8 ha, Ha Nei, 1982. (Regulations on several subjects under successive dynaaties. "Social Sciences" Publisher Hanoi, 1992), So ae ia gh nn Noy Quon Da KY 964 Hl ng Khon, 89 Vana hg in Toe A, S08 (Bri Bography of Arist Nyx Quang Dek. Proceeding of sents sesnas on the ef artist of ceremonial music and music of Amateur Nguyén Quang Dai. Long An ovine tte ant nfrmaten Dopastnen: Mae 160 TO NGOC THANH Muscat instruments of Vietnam's minorities. “The git” Publisher. Hanoi, 1997. Wige eu ee dan te thigu 86 8 Vi Nom. Nx, Tas gil. HA Nol, 1997) TO NOOC THANE: Nia noe ~A nd of Court music in Venan, Speech in Ath Conference of Asia Faic Sty 3 Bihaomoctgis, "an, Marehy 006 ina nig ~mge th ot ge ang nh YE Nan Tan an HG nein at 4 ‘Sng nia ngn cow ar thc dante Ghbu A “That Bin Dong Dat Lom, Ung 198) TRAN VAN KHE: Court music ~ The Case of Vietwam. Speech in 4th Conference of Asia-Pacific Socety of Bthnomusiologste, Taiwan. March. 1988. im nhge eung dink ~ Trutmg hap oa Viet Nam, Tham tn Hot 1 I eh 4 Ho} Nong tha nghién eft &m nhac dan toe Chau A ~"Taal Binh Duong. Dat n, thang 8, 1988), } I | | i | i | 17TRAN VAN KHE: ‘La musique Vienamienne Tradltionnelle, Presses Universitaires de France, Pos, 1962 (Am nhac trayen théng Viet Nam. Taong bdo Dei hoe Php. Past, 1962), 18, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Edited by Stanley Sadie. London, 1960, (Ran tr din Grovo vb Am nhgo vt Nhoe of, Bin soan eb Stanli Sadi Ladin Dén, 1980), 18. The New Grove Dictionary of Must! inatunents, Bite by Stanley Sale. Lamon, 194, (fin 4 didn Gro v8 Nhat cu. Bin sian cia Stan Sa Ltn Ds, 1984). 20. The New Harvard Dictionary of Msi. Ete by Don Mchae! Randel, The Ballngp Pres of Tarard Univerty Prt Camsidge “Masashi London, Boga, 1008, (an tle nade ot Am nhoe. Bln en cia Don Malem Randon, Thong bo Ban tla Bal oe Haw: Cambs oaths Lun Den, 1886 amy 21. The New Oxford Companion to Musi. General Bitor Denis Amol, Oxford Universiy Press Tew York, 190 : in eds nang Oespho v8 Am ge. Chi bin: Denis Aendl, Thing Mo Dai Gcspha, No Ui, 1982 = he Del tee 22. VIEN AM NHAC (INSTITUTE OF MUSiCoLOGYy gut sea wi v8 am he. isin rnd, Ta vig eda Vin, tase of ou forefathers. Libary Docent of Institute of Masieloy) 2° © Tie lieu am nhac cung dink Viet Nam Tai ligw tham Kho chinh = Reference @ 413Professor Doctor TO NGOC THANH received Ph. D. (1978) and Doctor of Sciences (1987) in Ethnomusicology from Sofia National Academy of Musicology-Bulgaria where he was a doctorant of Prof. Dr. Stoljan Djoudjev. He has conducted field tesearch since 1960 in almost all 53 Vietnamese minorities. He is the author of ethnomusicologic studies such as ‘Folk-music of Thai minority in Northwestern Vietnam’ (1969), “Folk-music of Muong minority’ (1971), ‘Folk-music of Austroasian ethnic groups in Vietnam’ (1974), “Folklore of Tay-Thal ethnic groups in Vietnam” (1979), ‘Introduction on folk-music of minontties living in Highland” (1981), “Folklore of Bahnar minority” (1988), "Musical instruments of Vietnam's minorities’ (1995-1997), "Documents of Vietnam's Court Music’ (1999). His scientific articles in Ethnomusicology and Culturology were published in Vietnam, in former Sovietic Union, Bulgaria, Tchecoslovakia, and Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia. He received the title Associate Professor (1984) and Professor (1991). He held various positions such as Director of Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts Studies (1991-1997), President of Association of Vietnamese Folklorists (since 1989), Secretary General of Union of Vietnam Literature and Arts Associations (since 1995), Ordinary member of Executive Board of International Council of Traditional Music - ICTM (since 1999).