PedroGutierrezMusclesystemlab

report

LabReport
Whenaneuronstimulatesamusclecell,anactionpotentialsweepsovertheplasma
membraneofthemusclecell.Theactionpotentialreleaseseternalstorescalciumthatflow
throughthemusclecellandtriggeracontraction.Musclecellswaveanelaboratearchitecture
thatallowstodistributecalciumionsquicklythroughoutthecytosol.Thetubularinvaginations
oftheplasmamembrane,calledtubulecrisscrossthecell.Whenthecellisstimulatedaway
ofdepolarizationthatisanactionpotentialspreadsfromtheovertheplasmamembraneand
viathetubulesdeepintothecell.ATPbindstoamyosinheadandformsADP.WhenATP
bindstoamyosin,itisconvertedandattachedtothemyosin.Whenattachedsitesonthe
actinareexposed,themyosinbindtoactintoformcrossbridges.ADPisreleased,anda
slidingmotionofactinresults.Theattachmentofcrossbridgesbetweenmyosinandactin
causesthereleaseofADP.This,inturn,causesachangeintheshapeoftheofthemyosin,
whichgeneratesaslidingmovementoftheactintowardthecenterofthesacromere.ATP
causescausesthecrossbridgestounbind.
BeforeATPsolutionbyPedroGutierrezx100zoomAfterATPsolutionRachel

Barnesx10zoom

PedroGutierrezMusclesystemlab
report

Thereis10Stepsformusclecontraction.Amusclecontractionisacomplexinteractionof
severalcellularandchemicalcontractions.1)Anactionpotentialisconducteddownamotor
neuronaxon.2)ThemotorneuronTerminalreleasestheneurotransmitteracetylcholine.3)
Achbindstoachreceptoronthemusclefiber.4)Thesarcoplasmicisstimulated,anaction
potentialisgenerated,andtheimpulseisconductedoverthesurfaceofthemusclefiberand
deepintothefibersthroughthetransversetubules.5)Theimpulsereachesthesarcoplasmic
reticulumandcalciumchannelsopen.6)Calciumionsdiffusefromthesarcoplasmicreticulum
intothesarcoplasmandbindstotropoinmolecules.7)Tropomysinmoleculesmovesand
exposesspecificsitesonaction.8)Actinandmyosinlink,formingcrossbridges.9)Thin
(actin)filamentareoulledtowardsthecenterofthesarcomerebymyosincrossbridges
increasingtheoverlapofthethinandthickfilament.10)themusclefiberscontracts.
Tookinformationfromholeshumananatomyandphysiology.

Lenghtofthe
myofibers
beforeATP

Lengthof
myofiberafter
myofiber
Solution

initiallength

Changein
length

Trial1

17

13

5mm

29.4%

Trial2

15

12

3mm

20%

Trial3

22

15

7mm

31.8%

Trial4

11

11

7mm

38.8%

PedroGutierrezMusclesystemlab
report

Trial

13

5mm

38.46%

BeforeATP

AfterATP

initalfinal

%change

Trial1

15

16

2mm

6.6%

Trial2

12

20

8mm

33.3%

Trail3

4mm

66.6%

Trail4

11

6mm

100%

trail5

11

5mm

83.3%

Inthemusclelabthereweremanyvariationslike,thecylindricalstrandsthataremyofibrils
thatweredividedintosegmentscalledsarcomeres.Onceitcontractedthethickandthin
filamentsslidewithrespecttooneanother,usingtheATPasasourceofenergy.Asaresult
oftheslidingthediscswerebeingpulledtogetherandthecontractionofthewholemuscle
fiberresultsfromthesimultaneouscontractionofallitssarcomeres.Weareusingthose
variationsandthechangeinlengthtocometoaconclusionforapercentagenumbertohave
anideaofwhathappenedtotherabbitmusclebeforeandaftertheATPsolutionwasapplied.
Thusrealizingthedifferenceinthelengthandthecontractionorconstrictionofthemuscle
duringthisprocess.
CrosscountryrunnermusclefibersVSasprinterrunnermusclefibers

PedroGutierrezMusclesystemlab
report

Slowosidative

Fast
oxidativeGlycotic

FastGlycotic

FiberDiameter

Smallest

Intermediate

Largest

Force

Lowest

Intermediate

greatest

MyosinATPase

Slowest

Intermediate

Greatest

contractionvelocity

slow

faster

fastest

methodsofATP
generation

Aerobicrespiration

Aerobicrespiration

Glycolysis

PedroGutierrezMusclesystemlab
report

Glycogenstores

high

intemediate

low

capillaries

many

intermediate

few

myoglobin

high

intermediate

low

color

redbrown

redpink

white

Table1

ContinuousGrip
Timeinterval

Maximumforce(N)

Maximumforce
(N)

10s

177.3

20

30s

154.7

40

50s

168.4

60

70s

136.5

80

90s

183.6

Table2

RepetitiveGrip
Timeinterval

Maximumforce(N)

Maximumforce
(N)

10s

358

20

30s

282

40

50s

297

60

70s

244

80

90s

300

PedroGutierrezMusclesystemlab
report

Table3
Slope
PartI

Continuousgripping
PartII

Repetitivegripping

CrosscountryrunnermusclefibersVSasprinterrunnermusclesfibers.
longdistancerunnersaremorleanandtallandthesprintersaremorebuiltandpowerful.The
longdistancerunnershavelongarmsthatextrapowerandtheyhavelonglegstogainmore
ground.Sprintershaveshortlegsforquickbuildingspeed.Thelongdistancerunnerscarry
littleweightandthesprintershavemorewieghtbutmainlymuscle.Longdistancerunners
havelongleanmuscleinthelowerbodyandsprintershavethickstrongmusclesinthethighs
andthecalvestohelpthesprinterhaveaburstofspeedatthestartingline.

Whohasthemostforcemaleorfemale?

Males

females

maxcontinuousgrip

Maxcontinuousgrip

21

70.3

179

118.7

99.8

99

Thickfilamentsarecomposedofmyosin.Endomysiumisaconnectivetissuethatsurroundsand
individualmusclecell.SarcomereistheareabetweentwoZlinesSacrcoplasmicreticulumisan
elaboratenetworkofmembranesinaskeletalmusclecellsthatfunctionincalciumstorage.The
cockedpositionsoftheheadsofthickfilamentsareproducedforthesriationsofaskeletal
musclecell.Themechanicalforceofcontractionisgeneratedbyaslidingofthinfilamentspast
thickones.Afternervousstimulationofthemusclecellhasceased,thecalciumisactively
pumpedintotheextracellularfluidforstorageuntilthenewcontractionThemajorfunctionof
thesarcoplasmicreticuluminmusclecontractionistoregulateintracellularcalcium
concentration.Inmusclecontraction,calciumapparentlyactstoexposemyosinbindingsiteson
theactin.Duringmusclecontraction,myosincrossbridgesattachsitesofactinfilaments.

PedroGutierrezMusclesystemlab
report