A Lab seminar on

Exfoliation of Non-Oxidized Graphene flakes by GICs

(Graphite intercalation compounds)
Fabrication and analysis of fabricated Graphene flakes
July, 02nd, 2014
By: Divakar Anant Natu
Mentors: Sung Ho Song
Jin Kim
Chanyong Choi
Jung Mo Kim

Contents
Introduction
Graphene production methods & their applications
Experimental Procedure
Graphene Films
Results
Future Work

Introduction

- Thermal

Graphene : Properties & Applications

- Breaking Strength = 42 N/m
- Carrier Mobility = 2,00,000 cm2 V-1s-1
l

- Thermal Conductivity = 5000 Wm-1K-1

- Optical absorption Coefficient = 2.3%

Yu-ming Lin)

Graphene production methods & their applications

K.S. Novoselov, et al., Nature (2012)

Exfoliation of Non-Oxidized Graphene flakes by GICs

Basic Principle:

K. H. Park, et al., Nano letters (2012)

The van der Waals (vdW) force between

stacked graphene sheets annihilates when the
distance between the interlayers exceeds 5 .
KC8, a well-known GIC
Interlayer distance 5.4 .

Graphite Intercalation Compounds

a) Complex materials having formula CXm
X = Li+,Na+,K+ , Sr2+, Ba2+, Eu2+, Yb3+
b) Deeply colored solids
c) First prepared by Fredenhagen and co
workers in the 1920's with the
compositions C8M and C16M

Wikipedia

RGO vs. GIC (Non-oxidized graphene)

RGO
RGO

GIC
GIC

Involves oxidation of
Graphite

No oxidation of Graphite

Disruption of properties of
Graphene by presence
defects

Produces fewer defects, high

quality Graphene

Experimental Procedure

Graphite

GIC
2500C Reaction

Sonication in
Pyridine

Exfoliation

a) Salt used: Potassium Sodium tartarate tetrahydrate

b) Graphite/Salt = 1/15 (by weight)
c) Reaction temperature = 2500C
d) Reaction Time = 24 hours
e) Dispersion medium = Pyridine
f) Sonication time = 30 min
Oxygen
Potassium

Carbon
Hydrogen

Sodium

Graphene Films
Modified LangmuirBlodgett method
a) Graphene possesses negative charge.
Nitric acid (pH=2.5) used to protonate graphene.
b) Nitric acid = 80 ml
Hexane = 1 ml
Graphene dispersion (0.3 mg/ml) = > 0.5 ml
c) Substrate: Glass slide coated with polymer (APTES).

Results

Concentration of Graphene = 0.28 mg/ml in pyridine

Sheet Resistance of Graphene film 1.4 k/

GIC

Graphene
Solution

Graphene film

Graphene/Epoxy
Composite

Conclusion
Summary
Exfoliation of high quality graphene with hydrated salt intercalated GIC

Graphene film with moderate resistance produced

Fabrication of epoxy composite

Future Work
Decreasing the resistance of Graphene films

Increasing the transparency of Graphene films

Making more graphene composites