Chemical

Reactions
UNIT 7
7.1 CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
7.2 BALANCING EQUATIONS
7.3 TYPES OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
7.4 STOICHIOMETRY

7.1 Chemical Equations

Essential Question: How can we create any

substance?

Mastery Skill: I can read and write chemical

equations.

Physical vs. Chemical Change

Physical change- some properties of a material change, but

not the composition
Ex.

Melting

Ex.

Boiling

Ex.

Shape

Chemical change- produces matter with a different

composition than original matter
Ex.

Color change

Ex.

Bubbling

How can you tell when a chemical

reaction occurs?

Chemical changes occur

when bonds break and new
bonds form

Chemical reactions involve

two main kinds of changes
that you can observeformation of new
substances and changes in
energy

Reading chemical reactions

chemical equation is the representation of a

chemical reaction.

Ex.
Reads: methane reacts with oxygen to produce
carbon dioxide and water

Symbols used in chemical

equations

Symbol

Explanation
Separates two reactants or two products.
Yields
Reversible reaction

(s), (l), (g)

(aq)

Solid, liquid, or gas

Aqueous/dissolved in water
Heat is supplied to the rxn

Quick Check

Read the following chemical equation.

When bonds of a compound are

broken and new ones form
A)

There is a chemical change

B)

There is a physical change

Which of the following may result

from a chemical change?
A)

A change in shape

B)

A change in volume

C)

A change in mass

D)

A change in color

Which of the chemicals is a reactant

in the following chemical equation?
Al(s) + O2(g) Al2O3(s)
A)

Solid aluminum

B)

Gaseous oxygen

C)

Solid aluminum oxide

D)

Strong aluminum oxide

Which of the chemicals is a product

in the following chemical equation?
NaCl(aq)+ AgNO3(aq) NaNO3(aq)+ AgCl(s)
A)

Liquid sodium chloride

B)

Aqueous silver nitrate

C)

Solid silver chloride

D)

liquid sodium nitrate

7.2 Balancing Chemical Equations

Essential

Question: How can we create

any substance?

Mastery

Skill: I can balance chemical

equations.

The Law of conservation of mass

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a

chemical reaction.

Balancing reactions

F +

F +

2W

FW2HP2

+ 2P

FW2HP2

C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)

Reactants
1 carbon atom
2 oxygen atoms

Products
1 carbon atom
2 oxygen atoms

H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(l)

Reactants

Products

2 hydrogen atoms
2 oxygen atoms

2 hydrogen atoms
1 oxygen atoms

2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)

Reactants
4 hydrogen atoms
2 oxygen atoms

Products
4 hydrogen atoms
2 oxygen atoms

Steps for balancing chemical

equations

Make a list of elements in the reaction.

Tally up the elements on each side.

Balance each element by changing coefficients.

Coefficients
Never

always go in front.

change subscripts!

Check final equation.

Special tips:
Start

rxn

with elements that appear once on each side of the

Is this equation balanced?

N2(g) + H2(g) NH3(g)

Is this equation balanced?

C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O

What is the coefficient of Hg in the

following reaction?
Hg + O2 HgO
NUMERICAL ANSWER

What is the coefficient of MgF2 in

the following reaction?
MgCl2 + NaF MgF2 + NaCl
NUMERICAL ANSWER

What is the coefficient of O2 in the

following reaction?
S8+ O2 SO3
NUMERICAL ANSWER

What is the coefficient of C in the

following reaction?
Al2O3+ C + N2 AlN + CO
NUMERICAL ANSWER

What is the coefficient of CO2 in the

following reaction?
C4H10 + O2 CO2 + H2O
NUMERICAL ANSWER

22.5g of potassium completely

react with 0.9g of Cl2. How much
potassium chloride is produced?
NUMERICAL ANSWER

100.g of butane react with oxygen

to produce 88g of water and 75g of
carbon dioxide. How much oxygen
reacted?
NUMERICAL ANSWER

7.3 Types of Chemical Reactions

Essential

Question: How can we create

any substance?

Mastery

Skill: I can identify different

types of chemical reactions given a
chemical equation.

Classifying reactions
Synthesis

(combination)
Decomposition
Single-replacement
Double-replacement
Combustion

Synthesis Reaction
We Started Alone
Creating a Special Bond
Never Be the Same

A + B AB
Ex.
2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)

Decomposition reaction
We All Fell Apart
Going Our Separate Ways
No Longer Sharing

AB A + B
Ex.
2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)

Single-replacement reaction
We Borrow to Keep
One is Much More Deserving
Whats Yours is Now Mine

A + BC AC + B
Ex.
2K(s) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

Double replacement reaction

Double Replacement
Like Dancers Switching Partners
Positive Exchange

AB + CD CB + AD
Na2S(aq) + Cd(NO3)2(aq) CdS(s) + 2NaNO3
Ex.

combustion
I Must Consume Fuel
Burning Bright With Bigger Breaths
Commence Ignition

Hydrocarbon + Oxygen CO2 + H2O

2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g)
Ex.

We need it!

Does fire eat?

Hydrocarbon Mixture

C10H15O7

CH4

Hydrocarbons are
compounds containing only
carbon and hydrogen.

Does fire breath?

Combustion reactions require an oxidizer, like O2.

Ignition!
Activation Energy

Heat

Friction

Light

Lightning

Slow Combustion

Other reactions are combustion too.

(rusting- still the same amount of heat but spread out over a long
time)

Fe(s) Fe2O3(s)

What type of reaction is this:

NaCl + K Na + KCl
A)

Synthesis

B)

Decomposition

C)

Single replacement

D)

Double replacement

E)

Combustion

What type of reaction is this:

HgO Hg +O2
A)

Synthesis

B)

Decomposition

C)

Single replacement

D)

Double replacement

E)

Combustion

What type of reaction is this:

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
A)

Synthesis

B)

Decomposition

C)

Single replacement

D)

Double replacement

E)

Combustion

What type of reaction is this:

MgF2 + CsCl CsF + MgCl2
A)

Synthesis

B)

Decomposition

C)

Single replacement

D)

Double replacement

E)

Combustion

7.4 Stoichiometry
Essential

Question: How can we create

any substance?

Mastery

Skill: I can perform

stoichiometric calculations using a
balanced chemical equation.

Stoichiometry
The

calculations of
quantities in chemical
reactions is a subject of
chemistry called
stoichiometry.

Where

do you see
stoichiometry in your life?

Mole Ratio

A mole ratio is a conversion factor

created from the coefficients of a
balanced chemical equation.

Mole ratios are used to convert

between a given number of moles of
one substance to another.

N2(g) + 3H2(g)
2NH3(g)

Stoichiometry and Chemical Eq.

N2(g) +
2NH3(g)

3H2(g)

1 molecule N2 +3 molecules H2 2 molecules NH3

10 molecules N2 +30 molecules H2 20 molecules NH3
1 x 6.02 x 1023 +3 x 6.02 x 1023 2 x 6.02 x 1023
1 molecule N2 3 molecules H2 2 molecules NH3
1 mol N2
+3 mol H2 2 mol NH3
34.0 g reactant 34.0 g product
28.0 g N2
+3 x 2.0 g H2
2 x 17.0 g NH3

Quick Check
What

are some mole ratios for the

following chemical equation?

Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) Al2O3(s)

+ 2Fe(s)

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH(aq) +

H2(g)
How many molecules of KOH will
be produced if 2 molecules of K
and 2 molecules of H2O react?

Numerical Answer

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH(aq) +

H2(g)
How many moles of H2 will be
produced if 2 moles of K reacts
with excess
H2O?
Numerical
Answer

Calculate Moles of a Product

How

many moles of NH3 are

produced when 0.60 moles of
nitrogen reacts with excess
hydrogen?
N (g) + H (g) NH (g)
2

N2(g)

+ 3H2(g)

2NH3(g)

Camels store fat as tristearin (C57H110O6) in

their humps.

2C57H110O6 (s) + 163 O2(g) 114

CO2(g) + 110 H2O
How many moles of water are produced from the
complete reaction of 15 moles of tristearin with
excess oxygen?
Calculate the mass of the fat and the mass of the
water from this reaction .

How many moles of H2 are created from

completely reacting 2 moles of Mg?
2Mg + 2H2O 2MgOH + H2
Step 1: Write given amount
Step 2: Multiply by molar ratio

Numerical Answer

How many moles of H2O are produced

when 25 moles of C5H12 completely
react?
Step 1: Write the combustion reaction
for C5H12
Step 2: Balance the equation
Step 3: Multiply by molar ratio