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Shqyrtimi i ktij subjekti sht n koh dhe e rndsishme, sepse problemi i amfetamins
si substance te sintetizuara ka qen koht e fundit e prforcuar nga perdorimin n tregun e
paligjshm.
The abuse of amphetamines is of national concern from a public health
perspective. Review of this subject is timely and important, because the
problem of amphetamine-like drugs has recently been amplified by the
introduction of designer drugs in the illicit market.
EKSTAZI, ANFETAMINE, STIMULANTET SINTETIK
Jane droga sisntetike te njohura edhe me termin designer drugs. Perdorimi i ketyre
substancave prodhon turbullim te gjendjes mendore me shqetesime te humorit,
mosperceptim shqisor. Nganjehere edhe me nje tablete te vetme mund te
verifikohen reagime akute shume te renda, si hipertermia malinje, patologji
kardiovaskulare nganjehere me rezultate vdekjeprurese. Keto droga mund te
provokojne fenomene te renda shkeputjeje, psikoza akute apo kronike, turbullime
psiqike, deme ne sistemin nervor, depresion, dembelizem, agresivitet Disa kerkime
tregojne edhe raste te demtimeve te pasherueshme te trurit.
Perdorimi i vazhdueshem krijon vartesi. Sindroma e abstinences shfaqet me:
depresion, lodhje, spazma, pergjumje dhe gershetohet me simptoma te perdorimit
kronik. Abuzimi mund te oj, per kompesim, ne perdorimin e drogave depresive si
alkoli, qetesuesit, gjumedhenesit, heroina. Nje helmim akut nga amfetamina, e njohur
si overdoze, provokon pamjaftueshmeri te rende te qarkullimit kardiak te
pasherueshme e cila sjell edhe nje vdekje te shpejte.
Nje rrezik i madh eshte qe shume persona nuk i konsiderojne keto substanca si
droge.
Me marrjen e amfetamines, personat nuk ndjejn nvoj pr gjum apo ushqim. Prjetohet
eufori, ndjenj te mirqenies, dhe vet-besim. Prdoruesit jan zakonisht llafazane, dhe
mund t jet agresiv dhe paranoik, madje edhe n nj faz t hershme t prdorimit.
Mirpo kto efekte t dshirueshme t amfetamines kan nj mim, sepse prdorimi i saj
prodhon shum shpejt toleranc (nevoj pr shtimin e dozs pr efektin e dshiruar) dhe
varsi. Pas nj kohe t prdorimit, organizmi bhet i varur nga kjo substanc dhe do ti
duhet prdorimi i prditshm pr t kaluar nj dit t zakonshme.
Simptomat e trheqjes?
Depresion
Rraskapitje lodhje
Konfuzion mendor
Pa gjumsi apo gjum i tepruar
Shtim i apetit n mnyr t shpjt
Reaksione psikotike dhe anksioze
Halucinacioni
A designer drug is a structural or functional analog of a controlled substance that has been
designed to mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug while at the same time,
avoid being classified as illegal and/or avoid detection in standard drug tests.[1] Designer
drugs includepsychoactive substances that have been designated by the European
Union as new psychoactive substances (NPS)[2] as well as analogs ofperformanceenhancing drugs such as designer steroids.[3] Some of these were originally synthesized by
academic or industrial researchers in an effort to discover more potent derivatives with fewer
side effects and were later co-opted for illicit use. Other designer drugs were prepared for the
first time in clandestine laboratories.[4] Because the efficacy and safety of these substances
has not been thoroughly evaluated in animal and human trials, the use of these drugs may
result in unexpected side effects.[5]
The development of designer drugs may be considered a subfield of drug design. The
exploration of modifications to known active drugs such as their structural
analogues, stereoisomers, and derivatives yields drugs that may differ significantly in
effects from their parent drug (e.g., showing increased potency, or decreased side effects).
[4][6]
In some instances, designer drugs have similar effects to other known drugs, but have
completely dissimilar chemical structures.[example needed] Despite being a very broad term,
applicable to almost every synthetic drug, it is often used to connotate synthetic recreational
drugs, sometimes even those which have not been designed at all. [example needed] This article
specifically discusses recreational drugs. For the discussion of drug design in pharmacology,
please see drug design.
In some jurisdictions, drugs that are highly similar in structure to a prohibited drug are illegal
to trade regardless of that drug's legal status. In other jurisdictions, their trade is a legal grey
area, making them grey market goods. Some jurisdictions may have analogue laws which
ban drugs similar in chemical structure to other prohibited drugs, while some designer drugs
may be prohibited irrespective of the legal status of structurally similar drugs; in both cases,
their trade may take place on the black market.
Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 by Romanian chemist Lazr Edeleanu, although
its pharmacological effects remained unknown until the 1930s. [2] MDMA was produced in
1912 (according to other sources in 1914 [3]) as an intermediate product. However, this
synthesis also went largely unnoticed.[4] In the 1920s, both methamphetamine and the
dextrorotatory optical isomer of amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, were synthesized. This
synthesis was a by-product of a search for ephedrine, a bronchodilator used to
treat asthma extracted exclusively from natural sources. Over-the-counter use of substituted
amphetamines was initiated in early 1930s by the pharmaceutical company Smith, Kline &
French (now part of GlaxoSmithKline), as a medicine (Benzedrine) for colds and nasal
congestion. Subsequently, amphetamine was used in the treatment
of narcolepsy, obesity, hay fever, orthostatic hypotension, epilepsy, Parkinson's
disease, alcoholism and migraine.[2][5] The "reinforcing" effects of substituted amphetamines
were quickly discovered, and the misuse of substituted amphetamines had been noted as far
back as 1936.[5]