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Black nationalist
United Negro
Improvement
Association in 1914
Stressed racial
separation from
white
Black only
businesses etc.
Encouraged a return
to Africa
Spring of 1961
SNCC members joined with activists from the
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a New
York-based civil rights organization to encourage
the Freedom Rides
Placed white and black students on interstate
busses to test the new court decision to
desegregate waiting rooms and dining facilities
at bus stops
In deep South response was violent
Attorney General Robert Kennedy assigned
federal marshals to protect riders
Vivian Malone
Gov George Wallace stood in doorway
National Guard was federalized
Wallace walked away
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