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) :(5 .....................................................

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) :(6 ......................................................

15

) :(7 ................................................

17

) :(8 Size Font ......

18

) :(9 ..............

21

) :(10 ..................

23

) :(11 ............ Standard Toolbar

26

) :(12 ...................

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) : (13 ........................

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) : (14 .............................................

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 ) : (25 ........................................................

66

) : (26 .............................. Excel

70

) : (27 ..................................

75

) : (28 ) (K ...........................

76

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) : (29 .................

82

) : (30 ........................... Output

88

) : (31 Output

91

.............................. Data View

) : (32 ......................... Histogram

92

) : (33 ....................................... Line

94

) :(34 ............................................... Pie

96

) : (35 ............................ .Stem & Leaf

98

) : (36 ......................................... Bars

101

) : (37 .................................... Scatter

106

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115

) : (39 ................ Levene's Test

122

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129

) :(41 )( .............................

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) :(42 )( ........................

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) : (43 ....................... ANOVA

148

) : (44 ..............

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 ) :(45 - 159 ..................... Mann Whitney

) :(46 ....................... Wilcoxon Test

167

) :(47 ............... Kruskal-Wallis

172

) :(48 Friedman ) (k

178

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Total Consumption

Total Income

80

100

96

120

104

135

120

150

144

180

160

200

210

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Variable View :

(2

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: Total Income
:Name
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(4

.Ok :

20



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Categories
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Copy . Edit
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31



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View Toolbars
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35



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36



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42







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Click var00001

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43



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(1

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1 2 3 ).(17
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3000

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add Continue

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3000 :
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Data . Select Cases

50



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: Based on time or case range

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51



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52



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53







(2

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54







(1

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Data Select Cases

:

If Condition is satisfied
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55



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Continue .

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Ok
:

56

. (var00001



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57



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59







) (.
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60



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:
opinion

Gender

Nationality

Agreed

Male

Egypt

Neutral

Female

Yemen

Disagreed

Female

Egypt

Disagreed

Female

Saudi Arabia

Male

Yemen

Female

Kuwait

Neutral

Male

Saudi Arabia

Neutral

Male

Saudi Arabia

Disagreed

Female

Jordan

Disagreed

Female

Kuwait

Completely Agreed
Completely disagreed

:paa
61







(1

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: Variable View
:

Name .opinion
Type

62



(5

(6

) (8
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Completely (disagreed 8

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Data View
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63



(8

Gender
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64







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Completely Agreed

Agreed

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Disagreed

Completely disagreed

Male

Female

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65







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Variable View
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Name .opinion
Values

66







(5

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: Value Label
Completely Agreed ] Add
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Decimals
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67







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Data View
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View .Value Lable
Gender
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68



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EXCEL

EXCEL . SPSS

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Excel
:

.
DeskTop Osama Rabie
69



(3

...

Excel SPSS

:
(4

(5

(6

. SPSS
File open Data
:

70



(7

- :

File name . Osama Rabie

Files of type ) Excel (*.xls

:

71







(8

(9

open
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ok SPSS
:

72







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75







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76








:

77



@ @sbra@a
@ @a@pabya
@ @bja@rna
@ @Za@bya@b@Z c
:
: Mean
: Sum
: Std. deviation
: Variance
: Range =
: Minimum
: Maximum
: S.E. Mean
: Kurtosis
: Skewness
: Median
: Mode
81







: Quartiles

@ @a@bya@b@@paana@lby@Z@H29I@@kna
:br :
(1

(2

.
:
: Mean
: Median
: Mode
: Std. deviation

82







:paa
(1

Analyze

Statistics Frequencies...
:

(2

Descriptive

83







(3

(4

(5

spss :

- Mean , Median Mode,

Std. deviation
.

(6

Continue .ok

84







(7

) Output
(spss :

@ @Zpbua@b@pb
85







) ( :
:a@ : Statistics
@
) (3.4167

) (3.5000 ) (5
).(1.44338
) (N ) (12 .
Missing

.
:bra@a Frequency Percent

.Valid Percent
.Cumulative Percent

@ @pbua@b@y@Z@H30I@@kna
:paa

(1

File . Save As

86



(2

: :
: Save As .
File Name ] .[osama 2
Save

87







(3

@b@@@@a@Output@pbua@b@@bna@Z@H31I@@kna
Data View@pbbja

:bja@rna@Z@bbq
:
88







. Histogram
. Line
. Pie
. Stem & Leaf
.Bar
.Scatter

@ @Histogram@ana@xa@@Z@H32I@@kna
) (29 .
:paa

(1

Graphs Histogram :

89







(2

(3

. ok

Output
:

: .

90



Line@bja@a@@Z@H33I@@kna
) (29 .
:paa
(1

Graphs Line :

(2

: Define
:

91



(3

(4

. . ok

Output :

92



Pie@aa@@ZH34I@@kna
) (29 .
:paa
(1

Graphs Pie :

(2

: Define
:

93



(3

(4

. . ok

Output :

94







Stem & Leaf@ a@ba@Z@H35I@@kna
) (29
.
:paa

(1

(2

(3

Analyze Descriptive Statistics

Explore :

var00001 . Dependent list

Display . Plots

95







(4

(5

Boxplots None

(6
(7

(8

(9

.
Descriptive
.Stem and Leaf
Continue .
.Ok
Output :

96



@Bars@@a@@Z@H36I@@kna
SPSS :
. Simple
. Clustered

. Stacked
:
@ br
2000 2003

97



2000

2001

2002

2003

80

75

60

50

70

50

45

30

:la

. Clustered
:paa

(1

] ):[(27

98







: z ) (F ) (M .
(2

Graphs . Bar

(3

(4

Clustered
Define
:

99



(5

:
Bars Represent
Other summary function
Values . Variable
Category Axis .Columns
Define Clusters by .Rows

(6

.ok Output :

100



Zz

:
.
:
) (5 :
: Category Axis . Rows

: Define Clusters by .Rows

:

101



: z

Stacked

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@ @Scatter@ bna@@Z@H37I@@kna
:@br :

15

20

30

40

45

60

80

12

15

20

30

35

55

60

102







:la

.Scatter

: paa

(1

(2

Graphs Scatter :

103







(3

: ) (4
Simple
Define :

(4
(5

Y Axis Consumpt X Axis

Income .ok
Scatter :

104



105



@ @iaa@a

@ @a@bjna@

:SPSS

One Sample T Test

******
o Mann-Whitney U
o Kolmogorov Smirnov Z
o Moses extreme
reaction
o Wald Wolfowitz runs

Independent
Samples T Test

o Wilcoxon
o Sign
o McNemar

Paired Samples T
Test

109



@ @iba@a@ibm

One Way ANOVA

o Kruskal-Wallis H
o Median
o Jonckheere-Terpstra
o Friedman
o Kendall's W
o Cochran's

****

@ @Zb@z
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(1

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(3

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.
.
110







(4

(5

.
Metric Data .

@@ @Za@@y@pbya@i@@c@b
(1

:
...
.
.

(2
(3

:
.
: )(
.ANOVA

(4

ANOVA.

(5

) 30(

. Central Limit Theorem

@ @Zbjng@i@ba@a@a@pabjna@ac@@bna@a

111



Independent Samples T Test

)(
Paired Samples T Test

One Way ANOVA

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One Sample T Test

:
.
.
.
. SPSS
112

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SPSS

(1

(2

.Kolmogorov - Smirnov
. Shapiro Wilk

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113







) (15
:
12

10

11

15

15

11

14

16

15

10

16

10

: bjng la
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:pbbja@bg@ .

114



:bjna@m@pa
(1

Analyze Descriptive Statistics

Explore :

115



(2

var00001 Dependent List

Plots..
:

116







(3
(4

(5

Normality Plots with tests

.
Continue .
OK Output .

:pbua@b@pb
Output :
(1

:
Case Processing Summary

.
Descriptives

.
Tests of Normality

) ( ) (.
(2

: .....

:
.Tests of Normality
117



:na@wbna@m

.

:

0.156

15

)Sig. (P. value

0.200

:na@
P.value

%20 %5
.

@ @Zz
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118







Sig. P.Value ) ( ) (
.

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. Levene's Test

Levene's Test@anhi@bvna@bjng@ZH39I@@kna
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119



18

15

10

12

10

12

15

14

20

10

18

16

18

17

11

10

19

14

14

10

10

@ bjna@@by@ bvna bjn bya a

ANOVA

) :(H0 )
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:pbbja bg

120







) Levene's Test
( :

:bjna m pa

121







(1

(2
(3

Analyze Compare Means

One way ANOVA :

samples Dependent List

Codes .Factor
Options :

122



(4
(5

Homogeneity of variance test

Continue .
Ok .

pbua b pb
:
: a a .Test of Homogeneity of Variance

: bra a .ANOVA
.

:na wbna m
Levene's Test

123



)(2

)(1

Levene Statistic

df1

df2

0.176

24

)Sig. (P. value

0.83

:na
P.Value ) 0.83 (%83
% 5
) (.

124



@ @ba@a

@ @a@pabjna
Parametric Tests
@ @Zbna@a@pabjna@bn@@a@a@
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:sbra@bjna )( .
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.(ANOVA

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:
15

10

16

14

11

12

14

17

16

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127



:la

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( 16.
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16.

:
H 0 : = 16

H 1 : 16

:pbbja@bg@
:

128



(1

:bjna@m@pa
Analyze Compare Means
One-Sample T Test :

129



(2
(3

var00001 ) Test Variable(s

Test Value . 16
Ok .

: pbua@b@pb

) (3:
Za@a : Statistics

130







-:
(1

(2

(3

) (N 15.
Missing .
Sum 168 :

:bra@a :One Sample Statistics

:
(1

(2

(3

)11.2 = (Mean
)4.178 = (Std. Deviation
)1.0788 = (Std. Error Mean

Z@sbra@a :One-Sample Test

131







:
(1

) (t = 4.449 -

:
) (t = .
= 4.449 - = 1.0788 4.8 -

(2

) = ( df 1

(3

= 14 = 1 15
0.001 = ( P.value ) Sig

(4

) = (Mean Difference
= 4.8 - = 16 11.2

:na wbna m
)(
) (t
4.449 -

df

Mean Difference

(Sig) P.value

14

4.8 -

0.001

:na
P.Value ) 0.001 (%0.1
% 5
. 16
132







:@ ) (16
@ c@b@y
.
: ba@zn ) (

. ) (11.2

) (16
).(16

)(2 P.value

).(0.0005 = 2 0.001

@ @Zb@z
SPSS

.

@ @nn@n@by@@HpI@bjng@ZH41I@@kna
: a bra :
:

133







6

10

11

10

15

18

:
10

12

17

12

14

15

10

11

10

: l
@ a
% 5.
) : nn@n@HpI@bjng by bya a

(
) :(H0

) :(H1
.

:pbbja bg
134

H : =
H :








) (
Codes ) (1
- ).(2

(1

:bjna m pa
Analyze Compare Means
Independent Samples T Test
:
135



(2

samples ) Test Variable(s

codes . Grouping Variable
Define Groups

(3

] [ Groups 1 ) (1
] [Groups 2 ) .(2
Continue .

(4

Ok Output .
136



pbua b pb

:
:@a@a : Group Statistics

:
.
:bra@a : Independent Samples Test

: Levene's Test.

137







: )( t-test for
:Equality of Means

) ( : )(
:
: .assumed Equal variances
: Equal variances not

.assumed
Levene's Test ) (
.

)(P. value

Sig.

Levene's Test ) 0.244 (%24.4 % 5

. )(
.

@ @@Zz
138







Levene's Test :

) : (H0
) (.
) : (H1
)
(.

:na wbna m
)(
)(t

df

(Sig) P.value

1.371 -

18

9.10

11.60

0.187

P.Value %18.7
% 5

.

139







Za@@ aa

.
) (15

) (10
.

).(2 P.value

@ @nn@@n@by@@HpI@bjng@ZH42I@@kna
@ @Znn@@n@@@zm@ra
(1

) 10

(

.

140







(2

) /(
.

: a bra

160

100

280

180

450

300

140

150

165

120

400

220

350

190

200

120

la %5

141







:nn@@n@HpI@bjng@by@@bya@a@
) (

) :(H0
.
) :(H1
.

@Zpbbja@bg@

H : =
H :

142



(1

Zbjna@m@pa
Statistic Compare Means
Paired Samples :

143







(2

before
after . -
Variable 1 Variable 2 Current
Selections

(3

Paired Variables

(4

Ok .

pbua@b@pb

:na@wbna@m
)(
)(t

Means

df

(Sig) P.value

4.168

268.125

172.500

0.004

@ @Z@na@
144







P.Value ) 0.004 (%0.4
% 5

.
)@@ a@bg@zn (

.
.

)(2 P.value

). (0.002

@ANOVA@ya@bg@@bjna@@Z@H43I@@kna
) (k ) k (.

@ @Z@ya@bg@@bjna@@b@n@na@pbz@rc

) ( .

.

: a@bra
145








:

6.00

14.00

15.00

12.00

15.00

17.00

4.00

10.00

15.00

7.00

12.00

10.00

5.00

6.00

14.00

6.00

10.00

6.00

4.00

13.00

13.00

16.00

18.00

14.00

7.00

10.00

15.00

2.00

@ @Zla

.%95
146







) : @ ya@bg@@bjna@@by@@bya@a@
(:

) :(H0 )

(.
) :(H1 )
(.

H : = =
H1:
3

:p
@ bbja@bg@

147



:bjna m pa
148







(1

(2
(3

Analyze Compare Means

One way ANOVA :

samples Dependent List

Codes .Factor
Ok .

pbua b pb

149



:na wbna m

ANOVA

130.226

65.113

3.816

0.036

426.631

25

17.065

556.857

27

)(

: P.Value ) 0.036 (%3.6

% 5

.

@@ @Zna@@
150







. :

.
SPSS ]
) [(Post Hoc .

@ja@pa@ bjn@ a@@ya@ba@@bjna@@Z@H44I@@kna

@ @@HPost HocI


.ANOVA

@ @@Zbjna@a@m@pa

(1

) (2) (1 .

(2

) (3

151



(3

(4

- ) LSD

(5

(.
Continue .
152







(6

Ok .

Zu@@nm@Zpbua@b@pb
: ANOVA :
Multiple Comparisons :

:(na@pbba@u)@na@wbna@m

153







) (1

Sig.
)(P.Value

)(1

) (2

Sig.
)(P.Value

) (3

Sig.
)(P.Value

)(2

4.805 -

0.024

)(3

4.464 -

0.024

0.3409

0.860

@ @Zwbna@@na

P.Value ) 0.024 (%2.4

.%5
P.Value (%86) 0.860 .%5

154



@ @ba@a
a@pabjna
Non Parametric Tests
:bna@a@pabjna@m@pa@n@@a@a@
(1 - . Mann Whitney
(2 .Wilcoxon Test

(3 .Kruskal-Wallis

(4 .Friedman

Whitney@ n@@b@bjng@ZH45I@@km

Mann

)(
.

:@br

:
) (1 :

157







16

14

10

14

15

) (2 :
3

12

13

14

10

10

11

10

:la
:
% 5 .

:pbbja bg

158



:pby

159



: ) (2
) (3 .
Zbjna@a@@ja@a a

) :(H0
.
) :(H1
.

:
2

H : =

H :

:bjna m pa
(5

Analyze Nonparametric tests

2 Independent Samples :

160



(6

161







(7

samples Test Variable List

codes . Grouping Variable

(8

Define Groups :

(9

] [Groups 1 ) (2
] [Groups 2 ) (3 Continue

.
(10 Ok .

:pbua b pb
:
:a a Ranks

:bra a : Test Statistics

162



:na wbna m

)(Z

)Sig. ( P.Value

11.10

9.90

0.457 -

0.648

: P.Value ) 0.648 (%64.8

% 5
163








.

:@a@aa

(:

) ( ) (

) = (2 P.Value .

@ @@Wilcoxon Test@@bjng@ZH46I@@kna
)(
.

: br :

164



85

80

96

85

80

85

95

82

90

75

88

80

103

84

98

86

:la
Wilcoxon %5.

:bjna a ja a a a

) :(H0

.
) :(H1
.
165



H : =
H :

:pbbja bg

:

:bjna m pa

166







(1

(2

Analyze Nonparametric tests

2 Related Samples :

before ] after
[
Test Pair(s) List
.

(3
(4

:
Wilcoxon .
ok .

:pbua b pb

:a a Ranks

167



@ @Za@a@@b@pby
(1
(2

:
= .
) (4.93
) .(1.5
) .
(.

:bra a Test Statistics

:na wbna m
168



)(+

)(-

1.50

4.93

)(Z

)Sig. ( P.Value

2.313 -

0.021

P.Value (%2.1) 0.021

. % 5
.
@ @Za@bg@zn


= . 0.0105 =2 P.Value

@ @Kruskal-Wallis@a@@b@bjng@ZH47I@@kna

ANOVA .

: br
169







:
:

13.00

4.00

5.00

14.00

7.00

6.00

14.00

10.00

15.00

15.00

12.00

10.00

15.00

6.00

14.00

17.00

10.00

6.00

4.00

13.00

6.00

16.00

18.00

12.00

:l
@ a
- % 5

:bjna a ja a a a
170



) :(H0 .

) :(H1
.

:pbbja bg

@ @Zpby
171



) (1 ) (2
) (3 .

:bjna m pa
(1

(2

Analyze Nonparametric tests

k independent Samples.. :

samples Test Variable List

codes . Grouping Variable
) (.

(3

Define Groups :
172



Minimum ) (1 Maximum
) (3 Continue .
(4

Ok .
pbua b pb

:
: a a Ranks

:bra a Test Statistics

173



:na wbna m

16.88

10.75

9.88

4.706

Sig.
)( P.Value

0.095

P.Value (%9.5 ) 0.095

. % 5
.
:b@ @ aa
.
: ibua

174







-
Post Hoc
.

)(1

) (2 ) (1 ) (3 ) (2 ) .(3
) .
(.

@@pba@@HkI@L@Friedman@b@bjng@ZH48I@@kna
@ @na
: br
. :

%5
bjna a ja a a a

) :(H0 .

175



) :(H1
.

:pbbja bg
) ( :

:bjna m pa
(1

Analyze Nonparametric tests

k Related Samples.. :

176



(2
(3

).Test Variable
(.
Ok .
pbua b pb

:
:a a Ranks

:bra a Test Statistics

177



:na wbna m

2.5

1.88

1.63

3.250

Sig.
)(P.Value

0.197

P.Value (%19.7 ) 0.197

. % 5

.
z

.
) (1 ) (2
178







) (1 ) (3 ) (2 ) .(3
. -
.

179



@ @iba@a

c@@pabjna

(1 2 .

(2 .
(3 . Runs Test

49I@@kna

@ @mb@i@na@a@2b@bjng@Z@H

:a@bra
:

183



184



:la
2
. %5

:pbbja bg
:

:

185



) :bjna@a@bya@a@ (:
186



) : (H0 .

) : (H1 .

:bjna@m@pa
(1

(2

Analyze Descriptive Statistics

Crosstabs... :

gender ) Row(s
smoking ). Column(s
. Statistics ..

(3

:
187



(4
(5

Chi square Continue

.
Cells :

188







(6

Counts ) Expected
Observed ( . Continue
.

(7

Ok .

:Output pbua@b@pb
:
:a a : Case Processing Summary

:bra a : Crosstabulation
Count
Expected Count :

189



:sbra a : Chi Square Tests

:

190







na wbna m
2

) (
2

)Sig.(P.value

0.089

0.765

P.Value (%76.5) 0.765

% 5
.

@ @na@@@@u@bjng@Z@H50I@@kna

.
................
b@i SPSS :

: .
191



: Test ] 2

[.

.

:
o

.Normal Distribution

.Uniform Distribution

.Exponential Distribution

.Poisson Distribution

: br


.%5

192



:bjna a ja a a a

) : (H0 .

) : (H1 .

:bjna m pa
(1

Analyze Nonparametric Tests

1-Sample K-S :

193



-
Normal Poisson
) .

(.
(2

(3

var0001 Test Variable List

Ok .
Output pbua b pb

194



na wbna m


) (

)K- S (Z

135.8333

12

0.863

)Sig.(P.value
0.445

P.Value (%44.5) 0.445

% 5
.

@ @Runs Test@paa@bjng@Z@H51I@@kna

195







.

.

: br
%5
.

:bjna@a@ja@a@a@a@

) : (H0 .
) : (H1 .

:bjna@m@pa
196







(1

Analyze Nonparametric Tests

Runs :

Z@z
Runs Test
Cut Point .
:
o

Median

Mean

Mode

Custom

197







.
-
) Median (.
(2

(3

var0001 Test Variable List

Ok .

Output pbua@b@pb
:Runs Test

na@wbna@m
Runs Test

198



)(

Runs

)(Z

)Sig.(P.value

11

0.382 -

0.703

:na@
P.Value ) 0.703 (%70.3
% 5
.

199