JD Jackson Solution Chapter 1 and 2

Solution to
John David Jackson
Classical
Electrodynamics
FOR THIRD EDITION
Jackson Consortium
Rev. 41
iii
Introduction
John David Jackson Classical
Electrodynamics ()
Creative Commons
BY-NC-SA1)
() ()
c Jackson Consortium 2010

Copyright
Y.Hotta, M.Hyuga, T.Matsuda, Y.Ono
1)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/deed.ja
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1
iii
Introduction to Electrostatics
1.2
1.4
1.6
Dirac delta function for a general orthogonal coordinate system . . . .
1.8
1.10
Energy densities of certain capaciters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.11
1.12
1.14
Normal derivertive of the electric field at the surface of a curved conductor
1.16
1.18
Energy decreasing with introduction of a conductor . . . . . . . . . .
1.20
1.22
1.24
Theory of the capacitance estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric fields produced by a spherically symmetric charge density . . .

The capacitance of simple capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The mean value theorem (for electrostatics) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
2
4
6
7
9
Greens reciprocation theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The behavior of Green functions for Poisson equation . . . . . . . . . 11
The variational principal for capacitance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
14
15
The mathematical bases for relaxation method . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Numerical analysis performed by the relaxation method II . . . . . . . 18
Chapter 2 Boundary-Value Problems in Electrostatics: I

23
2.4
A point charge placed outside a conducting sphere . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.8
2.12
Two straight parallel line charges with equal and opposite charge densities 25
2.16
2.20
2.24
The potential on a unit square area with a uniform charge density
2.28
The potential at the center of a regular polyhedron . . . . . . . . . .
Poissons integral form of the potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
. . 33
Four symmetrically placed line charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
The completeness relation for sine functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Referential Sites
39
43
vi
About us
Contents
47
Chapter 1
Introduction to Electrostatics
1.2
Dirac delta function for a general orthogonal coordinate system
D(; x, y, z) 0
(x, y, z) = 0 lim0 D(; x, y, z) = 0

(x, y, z) = 0) lim+0 D(; x, y, z) =
lim+0 D(; x, y, z) = 1
,
U, V, W metric coecients
V 1
W 1

x
=
u

x
=
v

x

=
w
(1.2.1)
(1.2.2)
(1.2.3)
x = x(u, v, w), y = y(u, v, w), z = z(u, v, w) 1 1

(u, v, w) (u , v , w )
Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

D(; x x , y y , z z )
(
)
1
=(2)3/2 3 exp 2 [(x x )2 + (y y )2 + (z z )2 ]
2
(
(
)2
1
x
x
x
=(2)3/2 3 exp 2
u +
v +
w
2
u
v
w
)2 (
)2 )
(
y
y
y
z
z
z
u +
v +
w +
u +
v +
w
+
u
v
w
u
v
w
( u = u u )
(u, v, w)
(1.2.4)
(1.2.5)
(1.2.6)
r r r
,
,
u v w
)
(
1
=(2)3/2 3 exp 2 (U 2 u2 + V 2 v 2 + W 2 w2 )
(1.2.7)
2
)
)
(
(
U 2 u2
V 2 v 2
1/2 1
(2)
=(2)1/2 1 exp
exp
22
22
)
(
2
2
W w
(2)1/2 1 exp
(1.2.8)
22
lim D(; x x , y y , z z ) = (u)(v)(w)U V W
+0
1.4
(1.2.9)
Electric fields produced by a spherically symmetric charge density
E = E(r)er
(1.4.1)
Gauss ()
E dS =
V
1
0
dV
(1.4.2)
Gauss 1)
1)
1.4 Electric fields produced by a spherically symmetric charge density
1.1
Q
0
(1.4.3)
Q
4r2 0
(1.4.4)
Q
er
4r2 0
(1.4.5)
4r2 E(r) =
E(r) =
E(r, , ) =
r n n = 0
= 0 Gauss
E=0
1.1
rn (n > 3)
r Q(r)
(1.4.6)
1.2 r n
Q(r) = Q
0 r
=Q
4r2 rn dr
(1.4.7)
4r2 rn dr
rn+2 dr
rn+2 dr
0
[ n+3 ]r
r
n+3 0
= Q [ n+3 ]a
r
n+3 0
( r )n+3
=Q
a
(1.4.8)
(1.4.9)
(1.4.10)
Gauss
Q(r)
0
Qrn+1
E(r) =
40 an+3
E(r)4r2 =
E(r, , ) =
Qrn+1
er
40 an+3
n = 0, 2 1.2
1.6
The capacitance of simple capacitors
(a)
(1.4.11)
(1.4.12)
(1.4.13)
1.6 The capacitance of simple capacitors
E=
=
0
0 A
(1.6.1)
V = Ed
C = Q/V = 0
A
d
(1.6.2)
(b)
r
Q
= 4r2 E
0
(1.6.3)
Q 1
40 r2
(1.6.4)
or
E=
V =
Edr =
a
C=
Q
1 1
( + )
40 b a
Q
ab
= 40
V
ba
(1.6.5)
(1.6.6)
(c)
(b) , r
Q
= 2rLE
0
( )
b
a
(1.6.8)
( ( ))1
Q
b
= 20 L ln
V
a
(1.6.9)
V =
Edr =
a
C=
(1.6.7)
Q
ln
2L0
(d)
(c) a = 1mm, C/L = 3 1011 F/m, 0 = 8.9 1012 F/m , b =
6.5mm C/L = 3 1012 b = 1.2 105 m
1.8
Energy densities of certain capaciters
(a)
W :=
0
2
E 2 dV
(1.8.1)
1.6
(a)
(b)
(c)
Q
d
Q2
20 A (
)
Q2
1 1
80 a b
Q2
b
ln
40 L a
V
0 A 2
V
2d
(
)1
1 1
20 V 2
a b
(
)1
b
2
0 LV
ln
a
W =
QV
2
(1.8.2)
A, B +Q, Q
1.10 The mean value theorem (for electrostatics)
0
E 2 dV
2
0
=
dV
2
(
)
0
[] dV
=
2
0
=
dV ( 0)
2
1
=
dV
2
1
= (+Q(A) + (Q(B)))
2
Q
= ((A) (B))
2
QV
=
2
W =
7
(1.8.3)
(1.8.4)
(1.8.5)
(1.8.6)
(1.8.7)
(1.8.8)
(1.8.9)
1)
(b)
()
(a)
(b)
(c)
r4
r2
1.3
1.10
The mean value theorem (for electrostatics)
Green V, S R
V
=
)
(y )2y G(x, y ) G(x, y )2y (y ) dVy
((y )y G(x, y ) G(x, y )y (y )) dSy
(1.10.1)
S
1)
(p. 43 (1.62) )
1.3
G(x, y ) = R := 1/(|x y |) 2 G = 4, 2 (y ) = /0 = 0
() = 4(x)
() =
dS
R
S
1
1
= 2
dS +
EdV
R S
R V
1
= 2
dS
R S
1
R
(1.10.2)
(1.10.3)
( ) (1.10.4)
(1.10.5)
(Editors note)
Chapter 2 28
Gauss
Er dS = 0
(1.10.6)
Er E r
(r) = (0) +
Er dr
(1.10.7)
= 4R2 (0) +
dS
(0)dS +
(r)dS =
S
R
drEr
0
dr
0
(1.10.8)
I
|
dSEr
{z }
(1.10.9)
=0 ((1.10.6))
= 4R2 (0)
(1.10.10)
1.11 Normal derivertive of the electric field at the surface of a curved conductor
1.4
1.5
1.11
1.4 ()
Normal derivertive of the electric field at the surface of a curved conductor
R1 1 R2 2 n
V Gauss ( 1.5)
E dS =
S=V
1
0
dV
(1.11.1)
= 0 1)
E(0) n E(n) 2)
1)
2)
n
i
n
10
Gauss
E(n) (R1 + n)1 (R2 + n)2 E(0) R1 1 R2 2 = 0 (1.11.2)
E(n) E(0)
R1 R2 + E(n)(R1 + R2 ) + E(n)n = 0
n
(1.11.3)
n +0
E
(0)R1 R2 + E(0)(R1 + R2 ) + 0 = 0
n
1 E
=
E n
(1.11.4)
1
1
+
R1
R2
(1.11.5)
1.12
Greens reciprocation theorem
(x) =
1
40
(
V
(x ) 3
d x +
|x x |
(x )
da
|x x |
)
(1.12.1)
(x) (x)d3 x +
(x) (x)da
V
S
[
(
)
1
(x ) 3
(x )
=
d3 x(x)
d
x
+
da
+
40 V
|x x |
S |x x |
)]
( V
(x )
(x ) 3
d x +
da
da(x)
S |x x |
S
V |x x |
[
(
)
1
(x) 3
(x)
3
=
d x (x )
d x+
da +
40 V
|x x |
S |x x |
( V
)]
(x) 3
(x)
da (x )
d
x
+
da
|x x |
S
S |x x |
V
=
(x )(x )d3 x +
(x )(x )da
(LHS) =
= (RHS)
(1.12.2)
(1.12.3)
(1.12.4)
(1.12.5)
(1.12.6)
1.14 The behavior of Green functions for Poisson equation
1.14
11
The behavior of Green functions for Poisson equation
(a)
Dirichlet Green
GD (x, y ) = 0
(1.14.1)
)
GD (x, y )2 GD (x , y ) GD (x , y )2 GD (x, y ) dV
V (
=
(y S )
)
GD (x, y )GD (x , y ) GD (x , y )GD (x, y ) dSy
(1.14.2)
4GD (x, x ) + 4GD (x , x) = 0
(1.14.3)
GD (x, x ) = GD (x , x)
(1.14.4)
or
(b)
Neumann Green
GN (x, y )
4
=
ny
S
(y S )
(1.14.5)
Green
(
)
GN (x, y )2 GN (x , y ) GN (x , y )2 GN (x, y ) dV
V
(
)
GN
GN
=
GN (x, y )
(x , y ) GN (x , y )
(x, y ) day
ny
ny
S
(1.14.6)
i.e.,
4
4GN (x, x ) + 4GN (x , x) =
S
GN (x, y )day +
S
4
S
GN (x , y )day
S
(1.14.7)
12
(c)
Neumann
(x) = S +
1
40
1
(x )GN (x, x )d3 x +
4
GN da
n
(1.14.8)
GN GN F
1
() S +
(x )(GN (x, x ) F (x))d3 x
40 V
(GN (x, x ) F (x))da

+
4 S n
F (x)

F (x)
= (x)
(x )d3 x
da
40 V
4 S n
= (x) ( )
1.16
(1.14.9)
(1.14.10)
(1.14.11)
Energy decreasing with introduction of a conductor
( )
W =
W =
0
2
0
2
|E|2 dV
(1.16.1)
|E |2 dV
(1.16.2)
E := E E
(
)
0
2
W =W +
|E| dV 2
E EdV
2
V
V
(1.16.3)
E EdV =
EdV
=
S
E da +
(1.16.4)
(E E)dV
V
(1.16.5)
1.16 Energy decreasing with introduction of a conductor
13
E da =
(Ei Ei ) da
Si
()
(
(
))
qi
qi
i
0
0
=0
(1.16.6)
(1.16.7)
(1.16.8)
(E E)dV =
V
1
0
i (i i )dV +
Vi
( )dV
Vins
(1.16.9)
(
)
=
i
(i i )dV +
( )dV
0
Vi
Vins
i
( )
=0
( )
(1.16.10)
(1.16.11)
E EdV = 0
(1.16.12)
(1.16.3)
W = W +
0
2
|E| dV
(1.16.13)
W > W
(1.16.14)
the surfaces lowers the electrostatic energy
W =
W = W = W +
0
2
|E| dV
14
Vins
( )dV
1.18
The variational principal for capacitance
(a)
G(x, x ) x S 0
(x) =
1
4
1
4
1
d3 x (x )G(x, x ) +
4
da G(x, x )
S1
n
4
(
)
G
dS G(x, x ) (x )
n
n
S
(1.18.1)
dS G(x, x )
(1.18.2)
S1
x S G(x, x ) = 0
0
1
W =
2
1
dV (x)(x) =
80
da
S1
da 1 (x )G(x, x )1 (x )
(1.18.3)
S1
(b)

dC 1 []
d
1
=
(
40
da
da G(x, x )((x) + (x ))
)4
S1
S1
da(
x
)
S1
)
2
da(x)
da
da
da G(x, x )(x)(x )
S1
(a)
S1
S1
(1.18.4)
)2
da(x)
S1
(1.18.5)
S1
dC 1 [1 ]
=0
d
(1.18.6)
1
1
1.20 Theory of the capacitance estimation
1.20
15
Theory of the capacitance estimation
(a)
1 = 1 1, 1
1 1 (r)
trial function
(r) 1.17
(r) 1.17
C 6 C []
= 0
||2 d3 x
(1.20.1)
(1.20.2)
=C
(1.20.3)
(b)
()
() 1)
R
E = Er (r)er r > R
Gauss
Er (r) =
Q 1
40 r2
(1.20.4)
V =
Er (r)dr =
Q 1
40 R
(1.20.5)
C=
Q
= 40 R
V
(1.20.6)
1)
(
) Jackson
16
3
2 a
(1.20.6)
C := 0.866 40 a
(1.20.7)
a
2
(1.20.6)
C := 0.5 40 a
(1.20.8)
0.683 40 a
0.655 40 a (
4 % )
2)
(c)
(a) 0
0
1.7
1.7
(a)

2)
1.22 The mathematical bases for relaxation method
17
{Cij }
Q1
Q2
)
=
(
C11
C12
C12
C22
)(
V1
V2
)
(1.20.9)
1.7
(1 ) +Q (2 ) Q
V1 V2
C=
Q
V1 V2
(1.20.10)
C=
2
C11 C22 C12
C11 + C22 + 2C12
(1.20.11)
(1)
C12 3) (a)
C11 4) C C11
C
(C12 + C22 )2
=
>0
C11
C11 + C22 + 2C12
(1.20.12)
C C11 C11
1.7
1.22
The mathematical bases for relaxation method
f well-behaved
f (x1 + h1 , x2 + h2 , , xn + hn ) =
(dk f )(x1 ,x2 , ,xn ) (h1 , h2 , , hn ) (1.22.1)
k=0
A := {x1 , x2 , , xn }
Sk :=
i=1
3)
4)
()
V1 = V, V2 = 0
(1.22.2)
18
(dk f )(x1 ,x2 , ,xn ) (h1 , h2 , , hn ) :=
(1 ,2 , ,k )Sk
k f (x1 , , xn )
hl hl hl k
1 2 k 1 2
(1.22.3)
(hli i )
(a) (b)
()
f (a, b) (a, b)
R C
f (a, b) =
1
2R
dsf (x, y)
(1.22.4)
4 ( 8 )
1.24
Numerical analysis performed by the relaxation method II
p.49 (1.82) :
new (i, j) = old (i, j) +
h2
h2
+
5 0
10
+ O(h6 )
(1.24.1)
f (i, j)C :=
f (i, j)S :=
)
1(
f (i 1, j) + f (i + 1, j) + f (i, j 1) + f (i, j + 1)
4
(1.24.2)
)
1(
f (i1, j1)+f (i+1, j1)+f (i1, j1)+f (i+1, j+1) (1.24.3)
4
f (i, j) :=
1
4
f S + f C
5
5
(1.24.4)
1) = 1
(0.25, 0.25) 1 (0.25, 0.5)

2 (0.5, 0.5)
1)
1.24 Numerical analysis performed by the relaxation method II

1.1
19
Jacobian () Gauss-Seidel ()
PP
PP
Jacobian
PP
PP
1
2
3
P
0
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Gauss-Seidel
1
2
3
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1
2
3
0.6463
0.6245
0.5765
0.9160
0.8132
0.7667
1.2356
1.0977
1.0111
0.6463
0.5554
0.5272
0.7745
0.7125
0.6814
0.9845
0.9167
0.8862
4
5
0.5536
0.5348
0.7255
0.7028
0.9642
0.9267
0.5132
0.5066
0.6667
0.6596
0.8716
0.8646
6
7
8
0.5238
0.5158
0.5108
0.6855
0.6750
0.6676
0.9048
0.8888
0.8788
0.5034
0.5019
0.5012
0.6562
0.6546
0.6539
0.8613
0.8597
0.8589
9
10
..
.
100
0.5073
0.5051
..
.
0.5005
0.6628
0.6596
..
.
0.6532
0.8718
0.8673
..
.
0.8583
0.5008
0.5007
..
.
0.5005
0.6535
0.6533
..
.
0.6532
0.8586
0.8584
..
.
0.8583
()
0.5691
0.7205
0.9258
0.5691
0.7205
0.9258
3 40 i i
:
new
1 = 0.42 + 0.053 + 16
new
2 = 0.41 + 0.12 + 0.23 +
new
3
3 = 0.21 + 0.82 + 40
11
160
(1.24.5)
i = 1.0
Jackson
Java (
1.1)
1.1
1.6
Jacobian Gauss-Seidel
Jacobian
(?)
0.07
20
1.6
Jacobian Gauss-Seidel
n 0
4n
()
()
( 1.2)
2)
1.2
1.1 Relaxation.java
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
import java . io .*;

import java . awt .*;
import java . awt . image .*;
class Relaxation {
public static final int WIDTH = 500;
public static final int HEIGHT = WIDTH ;
public static final int TRY = 100;
public static final double PRECISE [] = {0.5691 , 0.7205 , 0.9258};
public static void main ( String args []){
double x [] = new double [3] , y [] = new double [3] , z [] = new double [3];
2)
O(n2 )
( x + y O(n)
) 100
1.24 Numerical analysis performed by the relaxation method II

1.2
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
4
0.50053
0.65316
0.85826
40
0.56843
0.71984
0.92513
72
0.56888
0.72029
0.92558
8
0.55254
0.70401
0.90929
44
0.56854
0.71995
0.92524
76
0.56890
0.72031
0.92560
21
12
0.56177
0.71320
0.91848
48
0.56863
0.72004
0.92533
80
0.56892
0.72033
0.92562
16
0.56498
0.71639
0.92168
52
0.56870
0.72010
0.92539
84
0.56893
0.72034
0.92563
20
0.56646
0.71787
0.92316
56
0.56875
0.72016
0.92545
88
0.56895
0.72036
0.92565
24
0.56726
0.71867
0.92396
60
0.56879
0.72020
0.92549
92
0.56896
0.72037
0.92566
28
0.56775
0.71916
0.92444
64
0.56883
0.72024
0.92553
96
0.56897
0.72038
0.92567
32
0.56806
0.71947
0.92476
68
0.56886
0.72027
0.92556
100
0.56898
0.72039
0.92568
36
0.56827
0.71968
0.92497
double jacobi [][] = new double [ TRY +1][3];

double gauss [][] = new double [ TRY +1][3];
x [0] = x [1] = x [2] = 1.0;
z [0] = z [1] = z [2] = 1.0;
for ( int i =0; i <= TRY ; i ++){
System . out . printf ( " % d : %.4 f %.4 f %.4 f <> %.4 f %.4 f %.4 f \ n " , i , x [0] , x
[1] , x [2] , z [0] , z [1] , z [2]);
// Gauss - Seidel
gauss [ i ][0] = z [0] = 0.4* z [1] + 0.05* z [2] + Math . PI /16.0;
gauss [ i ][1] = z [1] = 0.4* z [0] + 0.1* z [1] + 0.2* z [2] + (11.0/160.0)* Math .
PI ;
gauss [ i ][2] = z [2] = 0.2* z [0] + 0.8* z [1] + (3.0/40.0)* Math . PI ;
// Jacobian
y [0] = 0.4* x [1] + 0.05* x [2] + Math . PI /16.0;
y [1] = 0.4* x [0] + 0.1* x [1] + 0.2* x [2] + (11.0/160.0)* Math . PI ;
y [2] = 0.2* x [0] + 0.8* x [1] + (3.0/40.0)* Math . PI ;
jacobi [ i ][0] = x [0] = y [0];
jacobi [ i ][1] = x [1] = y [1];
jacobi [ i ][2] = x [2] = y [2];
}
BufferedImage img = new BufferedImage ( WIDTH , HEIGHT , BufferedImage .
TYPE_3BYTE_BGR );
Graphics2D g = img . createGraphics ();
g . setColor ( Color . WHITE );
g . fillRect (0 , 0 , WIDTH , HEIGHT );
g . setColor ( Color . BLACK );
g . setFont ( g . getFont (). deriveFont (( float )20));
g . drawString ( " Jacobian " , WIDTH /7*2 , HEIGHT -30);
g . drawString ( " Gauss - Seidel " , WIDTH /7*5 , HEIGHT -30);
for ( int i =0; i <= TRY ; i ++){
g . drawLine ( WIDTH *1/7 , ( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * jacobi [ i ][0]) , WIDTH *2/7 ,
( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * jacobi [ i ][1]));
g . drawLine ( WIDTH *2/7 , ( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * jacobi [ i ][1]) , WIDTH *3/7 ,
( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * jacobi [ i ][2]));
g . drawLine ( WIDTH *4/7 , ( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * gauss [ i ][0]) , WIDTH *5/7 ,
( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * gauss [ i ][1]));
g . drawLine ( WIDTH *5/7 , ( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * gauss [ i ][1]) , WIDTH *6/7 ,
( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * gauss [ i ][2]));
}
g . setColor ( Color . RED );
g . drawLine ( WIDTH *1/7 , ( int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * PRECISE [0]) , WIDTH *2/7 , (
int )( HEIGHT *1.25 - HEIGHT * PRECISE [1]));
g . dispose ();
22
try {
System . out . println (
javax . imageio . ImageIO . write ( img , " PNG " , new File ( " relaxation . png " )) ?
" Success " : " Fail "
);
} catch ( IOException e ){
e . printStackTrace ();
}
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
1.2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Relaxation2.java
class Relaxation2 {
public static void main ( String args []){
int cases = 25;
for ( int i =1; i <= cases ; i ++){
double ret [] = doRelaxation (4* i );
// output the result
System . out . printf ( " % d : %.5 f %.5 f %.5 f \ n " , 4* i , ret [0] , ret [1] , ret [2]);
}
}
public static double [] doRelaxation ( int split ){
return doRelaxation ( split , Double . MIN_VALUE );
}
/* *
* @param split
* @param certainty iteration
*/
public static double [] doRelaxation ( int split , double certainty ){
double h = 1 D / split ;
double p [][] = new double [ split +1][ split +1];
// initialize
for ( int i =1; i < split ; i ++)
for ( int j =1; j < split ; j ++)
p [ i ][ j ] = 1 D ;
// do iteration ( with Gauss - Seidel scheme )
double bef = p [ split /4][ split /4];
for (;;){
for ( int i =1; i < split ; i ++)
for ( int j =1; j < split ; j ++){
// square term
double s = ( p [i -1][ j -1] + p [i -1][ j +1] + p [ i +1][ j -1] + p [ i +1][ j +1]) /
4D;
// cross term
double c = ( p [i -1][ j ] + p [ i +1][ j ] + p [ i ][ j -1] + p [ i ][ j +1]) / 4 D ;
// 4\ pi \ epsilon_0 * <\ rho / \ epsilon_0 > _C
double rhoc = 4 D * Math . PI * ((2 + (( i ==1|| i == split -1)?0:1) + (( j
==1|| j == split -1)?0:1)) / 4 D );
p [ i ][ j ] = ( s /5 D + c *4 D /5 D ) + ( h * h /5 D ) * (4* Math . PI ) + ( h * h /10 D ) *
rhoc ;
}
double aft = p [ split /4][ split /4];
if ( Math . abs ( aft - bef ) < certainty )
break ;
bef = aft ;
}
// return the result
double ret [] = { p [ split /4][ split /4] , p [ split /2][ split /4] , p [ split /2][ split
/2]};
return ret ;
}
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
23
Chapter 2
Boundary-Value Problems in
Electrostatics: I
2.4
A point charge placed outside a conducting sphere
q Q = rq 1)
p.61 (2.9)
F =
1 q2
40 d2
(
)
R3 (2d2 R2 )
r
d(d2 R2 )2
(2.4.1)
(i)
()
F = 0
F =0
(2.4.2)
rd(d R ) = R (2d R )
(2.4.3)
r 2r 2 + r + 1 = 0
(2.4.4)
d
R
(2.4.5)
2 2
:=
1)
(a), (b) r = 1.0 (c) r = 0.5, 2.0
24
> 1 r = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 Mathematica

:
2.1
( =
0.5
1.0
1.8823
1.6180
2.0
1.4276
d
)
R
r = 1 2)
(ii)
d := a + R(a R) (2.4.1)
F =
1
q2
40 (R + a)2
(
)
R3 (R2 + 4aR + 2a2 )
r
(R + a)(2aR + a2 )2
(2.4.6)
a 0
1 q2
40 R2
(
0
R3 R2
R(2aR)2
)
=
q2
160 a2
(2.4.7)
Q = rq
Q = rq ( r
)
+
Q
1 q (q)
40 (2a)2
(2.4.8)
a
( 2.1)
2)
Mathematica
2.8 Two straight parallel line charges with equal and opposite charge densities
25
(
)
image charge
2.1
2.2
2.8
Two straight parallel line charges with equal and opposite charge densities
(a)
(
)
(
)
R
R
, 0 + , 0 x-y
2
2
)2
R
2
+
y
x
ln (
(x, y, z) =
)2
40
R
x+
+ y2
2
(2.8.1)
26

(x, y, z) = ()
(
)2
R
x
+ y2
2
= ()
(
)2
R
x+
+ y2
2
(2.8.2)
(2.8.3)
(
x
(
R
2
R
x+
2
)2
+ y2
A1
)2
+y
(2.8.4)
(
)
R2
(A 1) x2 + y 2 +
(A + 1)Rx = 0
4
(2.8.5)
A = 1 x 0 y-z
A = 1
(
)2
1A+1
A
x
R + y2 =
R2
(2.8.6)
2A1
(A 1)2
)
(
1A+1
R, 0
2A1
A
R 1)
|A 1|
(b)
2.3
1)
27
""
2.3 (d > a + b; )
(a)
1 Aa + 1
R = xa
2 Aa 1
Aa
R=a
|A
1|
a
1 Ab + 1
R = xb
Ab 1
2
Ab
R=b
|Ab 1|
xa xb = d
(2.8.7a)
(2.8.7b)
(2.8.7c)
(2.8.7d)
(2.8.7e)
Aa , Ab (a) A
1
1

V :=
ln Aa
ln Ab
40
40

Ab
=
ln
40 Aa
(2.8.8)
(2.8.9)

Ab 1

C :=
= 40 ln
V
Aa
(2.8.10)
28
(2.8.7a)
Aa = 1 +
2R
2xa + R
=
2xa R
2xa R
(2.8.11)
(2.8.7b) ()
a2 =
1
(4x2a R2 )
4
(2.8.12)
b2 =
1
(4x2b R2 )
4
(2.8.13)
(2.8.7e)
1
1
d2 a2 b2 = (x2a + x2b 2xa xb ) (4x2a R2 ) (4x2b R2 )
4
4
1 2
= (R 4xa xb )
2
(2ab)2 =
1
(4x2a R2 )(4x2b R2 )
4
(2.8.14)
(2.8.15)
(2.8.16)
d > a + b d2 a2 b2 > 0 2ab > 0
d2 a2 b2
(R2 4xa xb )
=
2ab
(4x2a R2 )(4x2b R2 )
v
( x x
)
u
a b
u
4
1
u
)
= u ( ( )2 R )R( ( )2
t
xa
xb
4
1
4
1
R
R
(2.8.17)
(2.8.18)
Aa + 1
xa
=
R
Aa 1
(2.8.19)
xa xb
Aa + Ab
1=2
R R
(Aa 1)(Ab 1)
(2.8.20)
( x )2
a
1=4
Aa
(Aa 1)2
(2.8.21)
d2 a2 b2
=
2ab
(
2
)2
1 (Aa 1)2
1 (Ab 1)2
(2.8.22)
4
Aa
4
Ab
Ab
Aa
+2+
Aa
Ab
(
)
1
Ab
Aa
=
+
2
Aa
Ab
( )
Ab
= cosh ln
Aa
=
1
2
Aa + Ab
(Aa 1)(Ab 1)
29
(2.8.23)
(2.8.24)
(2.8.25)
(
arccosh
d2 a2 b2
2ab

Ab 1 Ab

= ln
= ln

Aa 2
Aa
(2.8.26)
(2.8.10)

Ab 1
=
C = 40 ln
Aa
20
)
d2 a2 b2
arccosh
2ab
(
(2.8.27)
d2 a2 b2
2ab
(2.8.28)
arccosh N = ln
(2.8.29)
(c)
N :=

cosh
1
N = cosh(ln ) = ( + 1 )
2
= N N2 1
(2.8.30)
(2.8.31)
arccosh > 1 +
=N+
N2 1
(2.8.32)
30
""
2.4
(d < |a b|;
a d, b d N
2N
(2.8.33)
arccosh N ln 2N
(2.8.34)
20
(
)1
d2 (a2 + b2 )
ln
2ab
(2.8.35)
a2 + b2 d2 a2 + b2 Taylor
(
)1
(
)2
d
1
ab(a2 + b2 )
d
C 0 ln
+ 0
ln
2
d4
ab
ab
1.7
(d)
(b)
(2.8.36)
2.12 Poissons integral form of the potential
31
(b)
( )
d2 a2 b2
Ab
= cosh ln
2ab
Aa
(
arccosh
a2 + b2 d2
2ab
)
=

1 Ab
ln
2 Aa
(2.8.37)
(2.8.38)
C=
20
)
a2 + b2 d2
arccosh
2ab
(
(2.8.39)
d = 0
arccosh
a2 + b2
= ln
2ab
(2.8.40)
b
a
or
a
b
(2.8.41)
=
arccosh

b
a2 + b2
= ln
2ab
a

C = 20 ln
1
b
a
(2.8.42)
(2.8.43)
1.6 (c)
2.12
Poissons integral form of the potential
77 (2.71)
(, ) = a0 +
(an n cos(n) + bn n sin(n))
(2.12.1)
(an bn cos(n) + bn bn sin(n))
(2.12.2)
n=1
= b
(b, ) = a0 +
n=1
(b, ) Fourier
32
0
+
(n cos n + n sin n)
2
n=1
1 2
n =
(b, ) cos n d
0
1 2
n =
(b, ) sin n d
0
(b, ) =
(2.12.3)
(2.12.4)
(2.12.5)
(2.12.2) (2.12.3)
a0 = 2
an = bn n
bn = bn n
(2.12.6a)
(n > 1)
(2.12.6b)
(2.12.6c)
(2.12.1)
(, ) =
1
2
(b, )d
0
((
( 2
)
)2
(b, ) cos n d cos n
b
0
n=1
)
)
( )2 ( 2
+
(b, ) sin n d sin n
(2.12.7)
b
0
)
(
2
( )n
=
(cos n cos n + sin n sin n) d
(b, ) 1 + 2
2 0
b
n=1
(2.12.8)
+
2.16 The potential on a unit square area with a uniform charge density
2
=2
=
=
=
( )n
n=1
(
n=1
(
(cos n cos n + sin n sin n)
(2.12.9)
)n
cos n( )
b
(2.12.10)
)n
(exp(in( )) + exp(in( )))
b
n=1
((
(2.12.11)
i( ) )n ( i( ) )n )
e
+
e
b
b
n=1
i( )
be
1 b ei( )
33
(2.12.12)
i( )
be
b ei( )
+
(2.12.13)
1

)
(

ei( ) = ei( ) = < 1
b
b
b
2b cos( ) 22
= 2
(2.12.14)
b + 2 2b cos( )
(, ) =
1
2
(b, )
b2
b2 2
d
2b cos( )
(2.12.15)
2.16
The potential on a unit square area with a uniform charge density
p.39 (1.44) 2.15
1
1
1
dx
dy G(x, y; x , y )
40 0
0
1
2 sin(nx)
=
sin(nx )dx
0 n=1 n sinh(n) 0
|
{z
}
(x, y) =
(
sinh(n(1 y))
|
(2.16.1)
(2.16.2)
sinh(ny )dy + sinh(ny)

{z
sinh(n(1 y ))dy
(2.16.3)
34

]1
1 [
cos(nx ) 0
n
1
= (cos(n) 1)
n
1 (1)n
=
n
(2.16.4)
(2.16.5)
(2.16.6)
= sinh(n(1 y))
]y
]1
1 [
1 [
cosh(ny ) 0 sinh(ny)
cosh(n(1 y )) y
n
n
(2.16.7)
1 (
sinh(n(1 y)) cosh(ny) sinh(n(1 y))
{z
}
n |
)
sinh(ny) + sinh(ny) cosh(n(1 y))
(2.16.8)
|
{z
}
[
]]
1 [
sinh(n(1 y) + ny) sinh(ny) + sinh(n(1 y))
(2.16.9)
=
n [
(
(
))]
( n )
1
1
=
sinh(n) 2 sinh
cosh n y
(2.16.10)
n
2
2
=
[
( (
))]
( n )
2 sin(nx)
1 (1)n
1
1
sinh(n) 2 sinh
cosh n y
0 n=1 n sinh(n)
n
n
2
2
(2.16.11)
(
)
cosh(n(y 12 ))
2 sin(nx)
n
= 3
(1
(1)
)
1
(2.16.12)
0 n=1
n3
cosh( n
2 )
(
)
cosh[(2m + 1)(y 12 )]
4 sin[(2m + 1)x]
= 3
1
(2.16.13)
0 m=0
(2m + 1)3
cosh[ (2m+1) ]
2.20 Four symmetrically placed line charges
2.5
2.20
35
2.16
Four symmetrically placed line charges
(a)
(, ) =
=
1
40
( , )G(, ; , )da
(2.20.1)
2

3
(
1
n )
(1)2
G(, ; , )
d
d ( a)
40 a n=0
2
0
0
(2.20.2)
3
(
1
n )
(1)2 aG
,
;
a,

40 a
2
n=0
( )m
3
[ (

n )]
1 <
=
cos m
(1)n
20 n=0 m=1
m >
2
(2.20.3)
(2.20.4)
n m m 4 2
4 cos(m)
( )4k+2
1
<
4 cos[(4k + 2)]
20
4k + 2 >
k=0
( )4k+2
1
<
=
cos[(4k + 2)]
0
2k + 1 >
(, ) =
k=0
(2.20.5)
(2.20.6)
36
(b)
[
]
1 ( < )4k+2
2
Re
exp[i(4k + 2)]
(, ) =
0
4k + 2 >
k=0
4k+2
2
1
<
Re
exp(i)
0
4k + 2 >
k=0
|
{z
}
(2.20.7)
(2.20.8)
z3
z4
z2
+
+
2
3
4
2
3
4
z
z
z
ln(1 z) = z

2
3
4
2
3
4
z
z
z
i
+
ln(1 + iz) = +iz +
2
3
4
2
3
4
z
z
z
ln(1 iz) = iz +
+i

2
3
4
ln(1 + z) =
1
z2
z6
[ln(1 + iz) + ln(1 iz) ln(1 + z) ln(1 z)] =
+
+
4
2
6
(
)
z 4k+2
1
1 + z2
ln
=
2
4
1z
4k + 2
(2.20.9)
(2.20.10)
k=0
[
(
)]
2
1
1 + 2
Re
ln
(2.20.11)
0
4
1 2
[ ( 2
)]
+1
(2.20.12)
=
Re ln
( Re[ln(z)] = Re[ln(z)])
20
2 1
[ ( 2 2i
)]
e + a2
=
Re ln
20
2 e2i a2
( > a a < )
(2.20.13)
[ ( i
)]
i
(e ia)(e + ia)
=
Re ln
( < = , > = a) (2.20.14)
20
(ei a)(ei + a)
(, ) =
= Re w(ei )
(2.20.15)
2.20 Four symmetrically placed line charges
37
(, ) =
i

(e ia)(ei + ia)

ln
20
(ei a)(ei + a)
(2.20.16)
|ei ia|2 |ei + ia|2

ln
40
|ei a|2 |ei + a|2
(x2 + (y a)2 )(x2 + (y + a)2 )

=
ln
40 ((x a)2 + y 2 )((x + a)2 + y 2 )
=
(2.20.17)
(2.20.18)
2.3
(c)
< a (a)
< (, ) :=
1 ( )4k+2
cos[(4k + 2)]
0
2k + 1 a
(2.20.19)
k=0
k = 0, 1
< (, )
=
=
=
[
]
2
1 6
cos(2) +
cos(6)
0 a2
3 a6
[(
]
)
x
y 2 1 (x
y )6
Re
+i
+
+i
0
a
a
3 a
a
( 2
)
x
y2
1 x6
1 y6
x4 y 2
x2 y 4
5
+
5
0 a2
a2
3 a6
3 a6
a4 a2
a2 a4
(2.20.20)
(2.20.21)
(2.20.22)
(
)
2x 2x5
x3 y 2
x y4
+
20
+
10
0 a2
a6
a4 a2
a2 a4
(
)
5
4
2 3
2y 2y
x y
x y
Ey
+
+
10
20
0 a2
a6
a4 a2
a2 a4
Ex
(2.20.23)
(2.20.24)
y = 0 Ex
Ex (x, y = 0)
2x 2x5
+ 6
a2
a
)
(2.20.25)
38
2.6
k = 1 k = 0
( x )4
(2.20.26)
2.24
The completeness relation for sine functions
() :=
n=1
(
An sin
)
(2.24.1)
( )
(
)
(
)
2
m
m
sin
sin
d = ()
m=1
(2.24.2)
)
(
)
m
n
sin
d
0
)
(
)]
[
(
1
(n + m)
(n m)
=
cos
d
cos
2 0
1
= (n,m n,m )
2
sin
(2.24.2)
(2.24.3)
(2.24.4)
(2.24.5)
2.28 The potential at the center of a regular polyhedron
2
((2.24.2)-LHS) =
An
sin
n=1
m=1
=
=
An
n=1
n=1
(
sin
m=1
An sin
) z
39
2 (n,m n,m )
}|(
) {
2
m
( ) sin
d
(2.24.6)
(n,m n,m )
(2.24.7)
)
(2.24.8)
= ()
(2.24.9)
(2.24.1)
( ) =
)
(
)
(
2
m
m
sin
sin
m=1
(2.24.10)
2.28
The potential at the center of a regular polyhedron
n
0
k V
0 0 (r)
k lV
l0 (r)
(1, 2, , n) i Vi
(r) {gi (r)}
(r) =
gi (r)Vi
(2.28.1)
i=1
i Vi 1
1) V1
1)
0V
40
(r) = A(r; V2 , V3 , )V1 + (r; V2 , V3 , )
(2.28.2)
V1 V2 ()
V := V1 = V2
A(r; V2 , V3 , ) V2
2) A V3 , V4 ,
A
V2
(r) = A(r)V1 + B(r; V3 , V4 , )V2 + (r; V3 , V4 , )
(2.28.3)
B V3 , V4 ,
(r) =
gi (r)Vi + C(r)
(2.28.4)
i=1
V1 = V2 = = 0
0 C 0
(2.28.1)
rC
gi (rC ) = (const.)
(2.28.5)
gC
(rC ) = gC
Vi
(2.28.6)
i=1
gC V
(r) V
V = gC
i=1
2)
V1 V2
V = gC nV
(2.28.7)
2.28 The potential at the center of a regular polyhedron
41
gC = 1/n
1
Vi
n i=1
n
(rC ) =
(2.28.8)
(
)
Green
Green Green G(r, r )
I
1
G
(r) =
(r ) dS
(2.28.9)
4 S
n
Vi (i = 1, 2, , n) n
(r) =
I
n
1
G
Vi
dS
4 i=1
n
Si
| {z }
(2.28.10)
=:4gi (r)
gi (r)Vi
(2.28.11)
i=1
(2.28.1)
(the mean value theorem)

V S := V
0 (r)
( Laplace )
S
0 (r)
n n Vi
42
(r) =
gi (r)Vi
(2.28.12)
i=1
n 0 (r)
g(r, r )(r )dS
(r) =
(2.28.13)
Green
G
=: 4g(r, r )
n
rC
g(rC , r ) = (const.)
(2.28.14)
gC
(r )dS
(r) = gC
(2.28.15)
(r ) V
V = gC 4R2
(2.28.16)
( R )
(r) =
1
4R2
(r )dS
S
(2.28.17)
43
Referential Sites
Ocial Sites, etc.
J. D. Jackson Home Page
(http://www-theory.lbl.gov/jdj/)
John David Jackson
Errata(2010).pdf
(http://www-theory.lbl.gov/jdj/Errata%282010%29.pdf)
Classical Electrodynamics
UT2010
(https://sites.google.com/site/jacksonut2010/)
Solutions
Jackson Electrodynamics Solutions
(http://www.airynothing.com/jackson/)
Solutions in the left column are the problems I did myself. Solutions in the
right column were sent to me by Azar Mustafayev, ...
:(
Jackson Physics Solutions

(http://www-personal.umich.edu/~pran/jackson/)
The only way to survive Jackson E&M is by standing on the
44
Referential Sites
shoulders of those whove gone before.
Solutions to Jacksons Electrodynamics

(http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jbourj/em.htm)
Jacksons Electrodynamics solutions

(http://web.ipac.caltech.edu/staff/turrutia/public_html/jackson/jackson.html)
These are all I have. Maybe in the vast World Wide Web, the rest are hidden.
Rudys Physics Resource Page

(http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~rmagyar/physics/)
PDF
http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~rmagyar/physics/jackson.pdf
Solutions to problems of Jacksons Classical Electrodynamics by

Kasper van Wyk
(http://samizdat.mines.edu/jackson/)
Chapter 1, 2, 8+
Walter Johnson - Electromagnetism

(http://www.nd.edu/~johnson/Classes/E&M/probNN.pdf)
NN 1-11
http://www.nd.edu/~johnson/Classes/E&M/prob1.pdf
45
47
About us
Jackson (Y.Hotta, M.Hyuga, T.Matsuda,
Y.Ono)
Y.Hotta
4 2
:
M.Hyuga
4 0
: 1.11
T.Matsuda
4 3
:
Y.Ohno
4 1
:
MEMO
MEMO
Solution to Classical Electrodynamics

Built on 2010/4/20 (Rev. 41)
/
Jackson Consortium
(https://sites.google.com/site/jacksonut2010/)
This document is licensed under
the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license.
Free to use, but absolute no warranty.
c Jackson Consortium 2010
Edited in Japan

JD Jackson Solution Chapter 1 and 2

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JD Jackson Solution Chapter 1 and 2

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Solution to

John David Jackson

c Jackson Consortium 2010

Y.Hotta, M.Hyuga, T.Matsuda, Y.Ono

Dirac delta function for a general orthogonal coordinate system . . . .

Energy densities of certain capaciters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Normal derivertive of the electric field at the surface of a curved conductor

Energy decreasing with introduction of a conductor . . . . . . . . . .

Theory of the capacitance estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Electric fields produced by a spherically symmetric charge density . . .

Chapter 2 Boundary-Value Problems in Electrostatics: I

The potential on a unit square area with a uniform charge density

The potential at the center of a regular polyhedron . . . . . . . . . .

Poissons integral form of the potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dirac delta function for a general orthogonal coordinate system

(x, y, z) = 0 lim0 D(; x, y, z) = 0

x = x(u, v, w), y = y(u, v, w), z = z(u, v, w) 1 1

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

lim D(; x x , y y , z z ) = (u)(v)(w)U V W

Electric fields produced by a spherically symmetric charge density

1.4 Electric fields produced by a spherically symmetric charge density

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

The capacitance of simple capacitors

1.6 The capacitance of simple capacitors

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

Energy densities of certain capaciters

1.10 The mean value theorem (for electrostatics)

The mean value theorem (for electrostatics)

((y )y G(x, y ) G(x, y )y (y )) dSy

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

Normal derivertive of the electric field at the surface of a curved conductor

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

Greens reciprocation theorem

1.14 The behavior of Green functions for Poisson equation

The behavior of Green functions for Poisson equation

4GD (x, x ) + 4GD (x , x) = 0

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

(GN (x, x ) F (x))da

Energy decreasing with introduction of a conductor

1.16 Energy decreasing with introduction of a conductor

the surfaces lowers the electrostatic energy

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

The variational principal for capacitance

1.20 Theory of the capacitance estimation

Theory of the capacitance estimation

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

1.22 The mathematical bases for relaxation method

The mathematical bases for relaxation method

(dk f )(x1 ,x2 , ,xn ) (h1 , h2 , , hn ) (1.22.1)

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

(dk f )(x1 ,x2 , ,xn ) (h1 , h2 , , hn ) :=

Numerical analysis performed by the relaxation method II

new (i, j) = old (i, j) +

(0.25, 0.25) 1 (0.25, 0.5)

1.24 Numerical analysis performed by the relaxation method II

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

import java . io .*;

1.24 Numerical analysis performed by the relaxation method II

double jacobi [][] = new double [ TRY +1][3];

Chapter 1 Introduction to Electrostatics

A point charge placed outside a conducting sphere

(a), (b) r = 1.0 (c) r = 0.5, 2.0

Chapter 2 Boundary-Value Problems in Electrostatics: I

> 1 r = 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 Mathematica