M-2/23/15

Explain how the reactivity of elements is related to valence

electrons in atoms (Copy to calendar)

Lecture: Ch. 8.1 Properties of Carbon

1. 8.1 Vocab matrix page 292

1. A chemical bond is
A. the force that holds two atoms together
B. how elements react with each other
C. a result of combustion

2. The ways in which an atom can bond with other atoms

depends on the atoms
a) Valence electrons
b) Nucleus
c) Atomic number

1. A chemical bond is
A. the force that holds two atoms together
B. how elements react with each other
C. a result of combustion

2. The ways in which an atom can bond with other atoms

depends on the atoms
a) Valence electrons
b) Nucleus
c) Atomic number

Properties of Carbon

 Standard 8.6.a
Students will explore carbon atoms and the
bonds between carbon atoms.

Objective 8.1.1
Students will be able to describe how carbon
is able to form a huge variety of compounds.

 Basis for Life and our existence

The molecules and compounds that make up your body
are all there ands supported by this one major
element. CARBON
Ex: Sugars, DNA, proteins, fats, all of these contain carbon.

 Carbon has the unique ability to combine in

many ways with itself and other elements,
giving Carbon a central role in the Chemistry of
living organisms.
Figures 1-3, pg.s 292-293

 Carbon atoms can form straight chains,

branched chains, and rings.
Because of its unique ability to combine
in many ways with itself and other elements,
carbon has a central role in the chemistry
of living organisms.

Besides its millions of compounds, carbon also bonds

with itself in different ways to form graphite,
diamond, fullerenes and nanotubes.
Carbon can form 4 bonds.

Four

Carbon Atoms

Four

Carbon Atoms

 Diamond properties

formed at high temperatures,

bonded strongly to 4 other carbon atoms
extremely hard, & non-reactive.
Melting point 3,500 degrees Celsius.

Graphite Properties- bonded to 3 carbon atoms in flat

layers, very weak bonds, layers slide past one another.
Uses: Lubricant, pencil.

 A rare find is buried in

Russia's Popigai crater:
diamonds. Some 35
million years ago, a
meteorite crashed into
carbon-rich graphite rock
deposits in Siberia, and
the impact's immense
pressures and
temperatures converted
the carbon into diamonds.
The crater is 62 miles
(100 km) wide and holds
massive diamond
reserves, according to the
Russian government.

 Fullerene: Carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a

hollow sphere.
Nanotube: Carbon atoms arranged in the shape of a long,
hollow cylinder-like a sheet of Graphite rolled into a tube.
Figure 4, pg. 295

Fullerene properties- made in 1985 by Buckminster Fuller

Hollow sphere shape, buckyballs,

The Nanotube- (6) tiny, light, flexible, extremely strong, and

good conductors of heat and electricity.

 The release of the carbon back into the environment may not
happen straight away when a forest is buried by a landslide,
for example, trapping the stored carbon beneath the earth. This
sort of thing has happened often enough over the course of the
Earths history to build up large reserves of fossil fuel in the
Earths crust (coal, oil and gas), which we are steadily burning
our way through to generate power.
Almost everything we use as fuel, whether in food or power
stations, is also based on one kind of carbon-based chain or
another; everything from natural gas through petrol and
alcohol to oil to wax and plastic is composed of hydrocarbon
chains of various lengths.

 1. How are the carbon atoms arranged in diamond?

In crystal structure
2. What are four forms in which pure carbon exist?
Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes.

 How many bonds can a carbon atom form?

4

Why is carbon unique among the elements?

Carbon can bond with itself and other elements in many different ways

List the four forms of pure carbon?

Diamond, graphite, fullerenes, and nanotubes

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/artificial-diamonds.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QuW4_bRHbUk